Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| pathological changes in the blood of chickens infected with salmonella gallinarum. | 1960 | 13806562 | |
| the in vivo sensitization of avian erythrocytes with salmonella gallinarum polysaccharide. | 1959 | 13806563 | |
| [on the nutrition of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum. 3. on the purine requirement of salmonella pullorum strain no. 21]. | 1962 | 13938795 | |
| the differentiation of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum by biochemical methods. | 1962 | 13993927 | |
| studies on immunity and pathogenesis of salmonellosis. i. antigen-antibody reactions on circulating leucocytes of chickens infected with salmonella gallinarum. | 1963 | 14088890 | |
| studies on immunity and pathogenesis of salmonellosis. ii. antibody production and accumulation of bacterial polysaccharide in the tissues of chickens infected with salmonella gallinarum. | 1963 | 14088891 | |
| fructose-6-phosphate reductase from salmonella gallinarum. | zancan, glaci t. (universidade do paraná, curitiba, paraná, brazil), and metry bacila. fructose-6-phosphate reductase from salmonella gallinarum. j. bacteriol. 87:614-618. 1964.-a fructose-6-phosphate reductase present in cell-free extracts of salmonella gallinarum was purified approximately 42 times. the optimal ph for this enzyme is 8.0. the enzyme is specific for fructose-6-phosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nadh). the dissociation constants are 1.78 x 10(-4)m for fructo ... | 1964 | 14127579 |
| [a case of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infection]. | 1964 | 14138791 | |
| attempts to purify the salmonella gallinarum complex o-antigen by fractionation over ion-exchange deae-cellulose and gel-filtration. | 1964 | 14182620 | |
| effect of salmonella gallinarum on certain krebs cycle intermediates of domestic fowl. | freeman, b. m. (houghton poultry research station, huntingdon, england), and l. g. chubb. effect of salmonella gallinarum on certain krebs cycle intermediates of domestic fowl. j. bacteriol. 88:93-95. 1964.-in chickens infected with salmonella gallinarum, the citric acid content of the blood rose but that of the liver fell significantly. the former may be due solely to anorexia; the latter is suggested to be a result of the inhibition of the reaction between pyruvic and oxaloacetic acids. pyruvi ... | 1964 | 14197910 |
| [purification of complex salmonella gallinarum o-antigen by the fractionation on ion-exchange deae-cellulose and gel filtration]. | 1964 | 14266475 | |
| [studies on toxic properties and composition of complex salmonella gallinarum antigens obtained from bacterial suspension treated and untreated with ultrasonics]. | 1964 | 14266482 | |
| [comparative study of water-soluble proteins of initial and phageresistant variants of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum by paper electrophoresis]. | 1964 | 14301106 | |
| [lysogenic conversion of the 01 antigen of the salmonella gallinarum-pullorum serotype]. | 1964 | 14305626 | |
| [studies on the antigenic structure and serologic behavior of salmonella gallinarum. 1. studies on the distribution of individual antigens in various salmonella gallinarum strains]. | 1965 | 14314882 | |
| biochemical differentiation of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum cultures. | 1965 | 14334406 | |
| comparative activity of nihydrazone and furazolidone against salmonella gallinarum and escherichia coli in chickens. | 1965 | 14340751 | |
| [variations in carbohydrate metabolism by salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum; their diagnostic value]. | 1954 | 14350347 | |
| influence of high levels of vitamins on resistance of chicks to fowl typhoid. | 1955 | 14371690 | |
| [transduction of a somatic antigen during infection of salmonella gallinarum with a temperate phage of salmonella typhimurium]. | 1959 | 14412466 | |
| water-soluble nitrofuran therapy in pullorum and fowl typhoid in chicks. | 1962 | 14491993 | |
| occurrence and regulation of the multicellular morphotype in salmonella serovars important in human disease. | multicellular behavior in salmonella typhimurium atcc14028 called the rdar morphotype is characterized by the expression of the extracellular matrix components cellulose and curli fimbriae. over 90% of s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis strains from human disease, food and animals expressed the rdar morphotype at 28 degrees c. regulation of the rdar morphotype occurred via the response regulator ompr, which activated transcription of csgd required for production of cellulose and curli fimbriae. s ... | 2003 | 14503792 |
| adhesion of probiotic lactobacilli to chick intestinal mucus. | in the present work, interactions between three lactobacillus strains (lactobacillus fermentum crl1015, lactobacillus animalis crl1014, and lactobacillus fermentum crl1016) and chicken small intestinal mucus were determined. three lactobacilli isolated from chicken and selected by their potentially probiotic properties were able to grow in mucus preparations. three peaks from gel filtration chromatography of intestinal mucus were obtained. the adhesion to three mucus fractions (i, ii, and iii), ... | 2003 | 14569288 |
| biochemical characteristics and antimicrobials susceptibility of salmonella gallinarum isolated in korea. | fowl typhoid (ft) reported since 1992 in korea is a septicemic disease of domestic birds caused by salmonella gallinarum (s. gallinarum). the purpose of this study was to investigate the biochemical characteristics and antimicrobials susceptibility of field isolates of s. gallinarum isolated by year in korea. a total of 258 isolates of s. gallinarum from 1995 to 2001 showed the same pattern in the majority of biochemical test such as imvic (indole, methyl red, voges-proskauer and citrate utiliza ... | 2003 | 14610370 |
| competitive exclusion against salmonella gallinarum of salmonella enteritidis infected chickens. | to evaluate the degree of competitive exclusion against salmonella gallinarum(s. gallinarum) of salmonella enteritidis(s. enteritidis) infected chickens, fifty-six, 4-week old hyline layer suspected of s. enteritidis infection were challenged with s. gallinarum. all chickens were tested for s. enteritidis isolation using cloacal swabs and serum plate agglutination test using s. enteritidis ag. before challenge and classified into four groups(se isolated, se nonisolated, se seropositive and se se ... | 2001 | 14614291 |
| the prophylactic and therapeutic properties of sulfamerazine in fowl typhoid. | 1950 | 14783269 | |
| fowl typhoid. i. comparison of antigenicity of sixteen gallinarum antigens. | 1951 | 14801734 | |
| a study of sulfaquinoxaline and sulfamethazine in fowl typhoid among breeder turkeys. | 1951 | 14829766 | |
| the effect of aureomycin against salmonella gallinarum in vivo and in vitro. | 1951 | 14829770 | |
| the effect of sulfonamides on the control of fowl typhoid in chickens. | 1952 | 14927495 | |
| typing of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum by means of bacteriophage. | 1952 | 14933053 | |
| salmonella gallinarum gyra mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative organism of fowl typhoid, and an outbreak of fowl typhoid in korea was confirmed in 1992. the aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in fluoroquinolone susceptibility among s. gallinarum isolates from 1995 to 2001, and to analyse mutations of the gyra gene in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. among 258 s. gallinarum isolates tested by the disk diffusion method, isolates from 1995 (n=18) were ... | 2004 | 15276996 |
| allele-specific pcr method based on rfbs sequence for distinguishing salmonella gallinarum from salmonella pullorum: serotype-specific rfbs sequence polymorphism. | cloning and sequence analysis of rfbs gene identified two polymorphic nucleotides, one at position 598 (salmonella gallinarum-specific) and other at position 237 (salmonella pullorum-specific). based on s. gallinarum-specific nucleotide found at position 598, an allele-specific pcr method was developed for serotype-specific detection of s. gallinarum. this pcr method was able to discriminate pure cultures of s. gallinarum from s. pullorum and other salmonella serotypes from serogroup d in less t ... | 2005 | 15590091 |
| influence of antibiotics on growth dynamics and movement ability of salmonella rods. | variety of traits important in diagnostics and epidemiology of pathogenic microorganisms may change due to antibiotics. movement ability, that is characteristic for every serovar except from salmonella gallinarum-pullorum, is important to salmonellas. in own experiments using semi-fluid msrv medium, it was found that a decrease in salmonella sensibility to selected antibiotics and chemiotherapeutics due to passage might lead to weakening of its movement ability. movement ability of all strains ( ... | 2004 | 15633786 |
| development of a pcr system for the characterisation of salmonella flagellin genes. | analysis of flagellin genes was carried out on strains of salmonella typhimurium, salmonella hadar, salmonella abortusequi, salmonella enteritidis and salmonella gallinarum serovars, using a pcr system designed in this study. the purpose of these studies was to explore the flagellin genes of biphasic and monophasic salmonellae for future targeted genetic interventions. the pcr primers were designed for two different structural genes of flagellin (flic, fljb), for the repressor of flic (flja), fo ... | 2005 | 15959975 |
| the genome of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum: distinct insertions/deletions and rare rearrangements. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum is a fowl-adapted pathogen, causing typhoid fever in chickens. it has the same antigenic formula (1,9,12:--:--) as s. enterica serovar pullorum, which is also adapted to fowl but causes pullorum disease (diarrhea). the close relatedness but distinct pathogeneses make this pair of fowl pathogens good models for studies of bacterial genomic evolution and the way these organisms acquired pathogenicity. to locate and characterize the genomic differences between ... | 2005 | 15995186 |
| novel haemolysins of salmonella enterica spp. enterica serovar gallinarum. | haemolysins of salmonella are important due to their probable role in pathogenesis of systemic salmonellosis and use in sub-serovar level typing. the present study was undertaken to determine haemolytic potential of salmonella gallinarum strains through phenotypic and genotypic methods. amplification of haemolysin gene (clya) and cytolysin gene (slya) was attempted in order to determine their role in haemolysin production. study on 94 strains of s. gallinarum revealed the production of two types ... | 2005 | 16053269 |
| effects of fusarium moniliforme culture material containing known levels of fumonisin b1 on progress of salmonella gallinarum infection in japanese quail: clinical signs and hematologic studies. | to study the individual and combined effects of fumonisin b1 (fb1) toxicity and salmonella serotype gallinarum infection, japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed fusarium moniliforme culture material (2.5%), 150 mg fb1/kg ration, and were subsequently challenged orally with salmonella gallinarum organisms (2 x 10(4) colony-forming units) at 21 days of age. the chicks were fed culture material containing fb1 from day 5 till the end of the experiment. after being infected with salmone ... | 2005 | 16094834 |
| characterization of fimh adhesins expressed by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum: reconstitution of mannose-binding properties by single amino acid substitution. | recombinant fimh adhesins of type 1 fimbriae from salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum, in contrast to those of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, did not bind to high-mannose oligosaccharides or to human colon carcinoma ht-29 cells. however, mutated fimh proteins from biovar gallinarum and biovar pullorum, in which the isoleucine at position 78 was replaced by the threonine found in s. enterica serovar typhimurium, bound well to glycoproteins carrying hig ... | 2005 | 16113346 |
| differentiation of salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum from salmonella gallinarum biovar pullorum by pcr-rflp of the fimh gene. | in our studies on fimh adhesins expressed by different salmonella serovars, we cloned and sequenced the fimh genes from salmonella enterica ssp. enterica ser. gallinarum biovar gallinarum and s. enterica ssp. enterica ser. gallinarum biovar pullorum. comparison of the nucleotide sequences revealed the presence of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) at position 544 bp from the a of the start codon of the fimh open reading frame (orf). further analysis of the restriction enzyme sites in fimh ge ... | 2005 | 16115094 |
| fowl typhoid in caged layer birds. | 2005 | 16127143 | |
| comparison of a dot immunobinding assay and the serum agglutination test for detecting serological responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens following challenge with salmonella gallinarum. | a dot immunobinding assay (dia) was compared with the standard tube agglutination test (sat) for detecting antibodies in sera from vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens challenged with salmonella gallinarum var duisburg . the virulence plasmid-cured s. gallinarum vaccine was given at 7 and 21 days, and the challenge at 35 days. the dia was very sensitive and detected antibodies to high titres in challenged birds. it also detected high titres in vaccinated, unchallenged birds which failed to react ... | 1999 | 16147555 |
| safety and efficacy of salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine in young laying chickens. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the agent of fowl typhoid, and the 9r vaccine is a commercially available, live vaccine for the prevention of fowl typhoid. the aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the 9r vaccine in young chickens. the mean weights of 5-week-old chickens vaccinated with one and 10 doses at 2 weeks old were 450.3+/-33.83 g and 446.8+/-35.68 g, respectively, which were statistically lower (p<0.05) than the mean weight ... | 2005 | 16147574 |
| [specified pathogen-free poultry flocks: the current situation]. | before the implementation of strategies to establish specified pathogen-free commercial poultry flocks, the ultimate goals need to be identified: 1) consumer protection by minimizing the risk for zoonotic diseases and food-borne pathogens, and/or 2) animal health protection against primary and secondary pathogens. the success for the establishment of specific pathogen-free poultry flocks depends on the biological characteristics, the epidemiological distribution and the transmission route of eac ... | 2005 | 16218186 |
| oral infection with the salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum 9r attenuated live vaccine as a model to characterise immunity to fowl typhoid in the chicken. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease of chickens that results in high mortality amongst infected flocks. due to its virulence, the immune response to s. gallinarum is poorly characterised. in this study we have utilised infection by the live attenuated s. gallinarum 9r vaccine strain in inbred chickens to characterise humoral, cellular and cytokine responses to systemic salmonellosis. | 2005 | 16221297 |
| effect of ochratoxin a on broiler chicks challenged with salmonella gallinarum. | 1. a study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ochratoxin a (oa) on broiler chicks challenged with salmonella gallinarum. 2. one hundred and seventy-six 1-d-old broiler chicks were divided into two groups of 88 chicks each, with one group fed on a control mash diet and the other given a mash diet containing 2 ppm oa. on d 14, each group was further subdivided into two groups with one group infected with s. gallinarum and the other uninfected. 3. following s. gallinarum inoculation on d 14, ... | 2005 | 16268101 |
| [the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum in in vitro studies]. | the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of 100 strains of s. pullorum and 24 strains of s. gallinarum against 19 antibiotics and 3 antibiotic mixtures were determined by the broth dilution method. the strains studied were isolated from enzootic outbreaks of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid. it was found that all the strains were sensitive to ampicillin, streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, oxytetracycline, chloromycetin, gentamycin, signamycin, polzomycin, and neotarchocin. besides, s. pullorum was s ... | 1975 | 16296026 |
| identification of salmonella gallinarum virulence genes in a chicken infection model using pcr-based signature-tagged mutagenesis. | salmonella gallinarum (sg) is a non-motile host-adapted salmonella that causes fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease responsible for significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. this study describes the application of a pcr-based signature-tagged mutagenesis system to identify in vivo-essential genes of sg. ninety-six pools representing 1152 sg mutants were screened in a natural-host chicken infection model. twenty presumptive attenuated mutants were identified and examined f ... | 2005 | 16339940 |
| efficacies of novel n-halamine disinfectants against salmonella and pseudomonas species. | six novel n-halamine compounds of potential importance as disinfectants to the food-processing industry were tested against salmonella enteritidis, salmonella gallinarum, salmonella typhimurium, and pseudomonas fluorescens in aqueous solution. inactivation times for 10-fold reductions were determined as a function of water quality at ph 6.5 and 25 degrees c. phenol coefficients for the efficacies of the compounds against s. enteritidis have been reported also. when both stability and efficacy da ... | 1992 | 16348692 |
| individual and combined effects of fusarium moniliforme culture material, containing known levels of fumonisin b1, and salmonella gallinarum infection on liver of japanese quail. | three hundred day-old japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into two groups with 150 quail in each group. one group was maintained on quail mash alone, while fusarium moniliforme culture material was added to quail mash in the second group from day 5 of age and was supplied at a rate of 150 ppm fumonisin b1 (fb1)/kg mash. at day 21, each group was further subdivided into two groups, yielding four groups with 75 birds apiece, which served as the control (group cx), the salmonel ... | 2005 | 16405006 |
| cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to a virulent plasmid-cured mutant strain of salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum in broiler chickens. | one-week-old salmonella-free broiler chicks were subcutaneously immunized and subsequently boosted two weeks later with 2x10(7)cfu 0.5ml(-1) of an 85-kb virulent plasmid-cured spectinomycin-resistant mutant strain (sg9vp(-)spc(r)) of salmonella gallinarum 9 (s. enterica serotype gallinarum 9) along with a control group of mock-immunized chickens. the chicks were subcutaneously challenged at 5 weeks of age with 5x10(10)cfu 0.5ml(-1) (5xld(50)) of wild-type s. gallinarum var. duisburg (s. enterica ... | 2006 | 16510254 |
| cultural and antigenic studies on salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum. | 1927 | 16559234 | |
| employment of a double sugar medium for routine diagnosis of bacillary white diarrhea, fowl typhoid, and fowl cholera. | 1927 | 16559286 | |
| the reduction of nitrates to nitrites by salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum. | 1930 | 16559426 | |
| a comparative study of the nutritional requirements of salmonella typhosa, salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum. | 1943 | 16560616 | |
| cytotoxic and antimicrobial benzophenones from the leaves of tovomita longifolia. | bioassay-guided fractionation of the chloroform and ethanol extracts of tovomita longifolia leaves using cytotoxic and antimicrobial assays resulted in the isolation of four new benzophenones, (e)-3-(2-hydroxy-7-methyl-3-methyleneoct-6-enyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone (1), (e)-3-(6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,7-dienyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone (2), 8-benzoyl-2-(4-methylpenten-3-yl)chromane-3,5,7-triol (3), and 5-benzoyl-1,1,4a-trimethyl-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1h-xanthene-6,8-diol (4), and ... | 2006 | 16562847 |
| [rapid identification of riemerella anatipestifer on the basis of specific pcr amplifying 16s rdna]. | riemerella anatipestifer (ra) infection is the main disease causing severe losses in duck production. because ra is characterized more by the absence than by the presence of specific phenotypic properties and different scholar had the different results of biochemical detection, it can't always be identified quickly and correctly only by the phenotypic properties or biochemical characteristics. the research object was to develop a species specific pcr method for ra detection. because of the conse ... | 2006 | 16579457 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotyping of salmonella gallinarum and comparison with random amplified polymorphic dna. | salmonella gallinarum is gram-negative bacteria that cause fowl typhoid (ft) in chickens. since the first outbreak of ft reported in 1992 in korea, it has widely spread throughout the country. today, ft is one of the most devastating diseases of poultry. the aim of the present study was to ascertain a genetic relationship among s. gallinarum isolates collected from different regions of korea over a 10-year period. we examined a total of 38 isolates of s. gallinarum obtained in 29 regions of kore ... | 2006 | 16584852 |
| differences in resistance to salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum infection among indigenous local chicken ecotypes in tanzania. | a study was conducted to evaluate the disease resistance potential in 105 chickens of six indigenous local chicken ecotypes in tanzania by orally challenging 1-week-old chicks with 2.5 x 10(8) colony-forming units of virulent s. gallinarum. for 14 days post infection, clinical signs, necropsy findings, antibody titres, packed cell volume, leukocyte population count, and viable bacterial cell counts in the liver and spleen were recorded. clinical signs were recorded daily but other parameters wer ... | 2006 | 16854638 |
| protection conferred by a live salmonella enteritidis vaccine against fowl typhoid in laying hens. | fowl typhoid is under control in poultry farms of developed countries, but it still endemically subsists in commercial laying hen farms of some countries. it has been demonstrated that salmonella live vaccines can elicit cross-immunity against members of the same kauffmann-white scheme serogroup. in this work, we explored the protection conferred by tad salmonella vac e, a live salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis vaccine, against fowl typhoid. three groups of laying hens were vaccinated with ... | 2006 | 16863082 |
| effect of metc mutation on salmonella gallinarum virulence and invasiveness in 1-day-old white leghorn chickens. | salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid (ft) in chickens. ft is a severe systemic disease of chickens causing heavy economic losses to the poultry industry through mortality, reduced egg production and culling of precious breeding stocks. in this study, a metc (encoding cystathionine beta lyase) mutant was produced from a virulent strain of s. gallinarum by mini-tn5 insertional inactivation. the mutant was significantly attenuated in virulen ... | 2007 | 17046177 |
| molecular typing by random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) and detection of virulence genes of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum is the causative agent of fowl typhoid in chickens, outbreaks of which have devastated poultry populations in korea since 1992. in order to identify genetic differences among s. gallinarum isolates, bacteria were examined using the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method. of 13 arbitrary primers screened initially, the primer designated as universal rice primer-6 (urp-6) was selected for subsequent typing assays ... | 2006 | 17213701 |
| fowl typhoid in a small backyard laying flock. | 2007 | 17351184 | |
| effects of crp deletion in salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum. | salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum (s. gallinarum) remains an important pathogen of poultry, especially in developing countries. there is a need to develop effective and safe vaccines. in the current study, the effect of crp deletion was investigated with respect to virulence and biochemical properties and the possible use of a deletion mutant as vaccine candidate was preliminarily tested. | 2007 | 17488512 |
| characterization of a broad range antibacterial substance from a new bacillus species isolated from amazon basin. | a bacillus sp. strain producing a bacteriocin-like substance was characterized by biochemical profiling and 16s rdna sequencing. the phylogenetic analysis indicated that this strain has low sequence similarity with most bacillus spp., suggesting a new species was isolated. the antimicrobial activity was detected starting at the exponential growth phase, and maximum activity was observed at stationary phase. the substance was inhibitory to a broad range of indicator strains, including pathogenic ... | 2007 | 17534601 |
| fowl typhoid: report of a recent outbreak in ontario. | 1946 | 17648207 | |
| fowl typhoid: ii. agglutinin reactions in an artificially infected flock of chickens. | 1951 | 17648524 | |
| nitrofuran production efficiency in chickens. | two nitrofuran feed additives, 0.011% nihydrazone and a combination of 0.0055% nitrofurazone and 0.0008% furazolidone, improved weight gains and feed conversions in chickens with "air sac infection." both nitrofurans caused a significant reduction in the total chickens condemned at the dressing plant from this disease, but nihydrazone gave the best results. nihydrazone(*), a new nitrofuran feed additive for chickens, was found by wolfgang et al. (1) to be effective against coccidiosis due to eim ... | 1962 | 17649352 |
| control of salmonella gallinarum in swiss fancy breed flocks. | 2007 | 17720967 | |
| systemic translocation of salmonella enterica serovar dublin in cattle occurs predominantly via efferent lymphatics in a cell-free niche and requires type iii secretion system 1 (t3ss-1) but not t3ss-2. | salmonella enterica is an important diarrheal pathogen, and infections may involve severe systemic sequelae depending on serovar- and host-specific factors. the molecular mechanisms underlying translocation of host-restricted and -specific serovars of s. enterica from the intestines to distal organs are ill defined. by surgical cannulation of lymph and blood vessels draining the distal ileum in cattle, s. enterica serovar dublin was observed to translocate predominantly via mesenteric lymph node ... | 2007 | 17724072 |
| structural characterization and serological specificities of lipopolysaccharides from salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum standard, intermediate and variant antigenic type strains. | the structure and serological specificities of the lipopolysaccharides (lpss) from salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum were studied to provide an improved basis for the distinction between antigenic types and the development of improved diagnostic tests. the structure of the lps o-polysaccharide (o-ps) from s. pullorum standard, intermediate and variant antigenic type strains was determined by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemical analysis. th ... | 2008 | 17855026 |
| gastrointestinal microbial ecology and the safety of our food supply as related to salmonella. | salmonella causes an estimated 1.3 million human foodborne illnesses and more than 500 deaths each year in the united states, representing an annual estimated cost to the economy of approximately $2.4 billion. salmonella enterica comprises more than 2,500 serotypes. with this genetic and environmental diversity, serotypes are adapted to live in a variety of hosts, which may or may not manifest with clinical illness. thus, salmonella presents a multifaceted threat to food production and safety. s ... | 2008 | 17878279 |
| pathologic changes in extrahepatic organs and agglutinin response to salmonella gallinarum infection in japanese quail fed fusarium verticillioides culture material containing known levels of fumonisin b1. | three hundred 1-day-old japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into two groups of 150 each. one group was maintained on quail mash alone, whereas fusarium verticillioides culture material (fcm) was added to quail mash in the second group from 5 days of age and supplied 150 mg fb1/kg mash. at day 21, each group was further subdivided into two groups, yielding four groups with 75 birds apiece, which served as the control (group cx), the salmonella gallinarum alone group (group cs ... | 2007 | 17992930 |
| protective efficacy of live salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine in commercial layer flocks. | salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative agent of fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease of chickens that results in high mortality. in this study we re-evaluated the ability of live s. gallinarum 9r vaccine to protect from wild-type s. gallinarum challenge. in laboratory trials, there was a significant difference between the vaccinated and unvaccinated control groups in mortality and the re-isolation rate of the challenge strain from the tissues (p<0.05). in fiel ... | 2007 | 17994329 |
| physiological factors associated with genetic resistance to fowl typhoid. | 1948 | 18100292 | |
| physiological factors associated with genetic resistance to fowl typhoid. | 1949 | 18137142 | |
| reproduction of fowl typhoid by respiratory challenge with salmonella gallinarum. | fowl typhoid is a disease of adult chickens and is caused by salmonella gallinarum infection via the alimentary tract. the experimental reproduction of fowl typhoid per os (po) requires artificial conditions to minimize the effect of gastric acid, and several salmonella serovars have been known to be transmitted via the respiratory route. therefore, we have hypothesized the existence of a respiratory route for salmonella gallinarum infection and have attempted to reproduce fowl typhoid via intra ... | 2008 | 18459315 |
| molecular diagnosis of salmonella species in captive psittacine birds. | cloacal swabs were collected from 280 captive psittacine birds belonging to 13 species. samples of dna were tested by pcr using a pair of primers that amplify a 284 base pair fragment of the salmonella genus inva gene, and the pcr-positive samples were tested by standard microbiological techniques. thirteen per cent of the samples were positive by pcr, but negative by microbiological techniques. the infection rates were significantly different among the 13 species, the most commonly infected bei ... | 2008 | 18567929 |
| individual and combined effects of ochratoxin a and salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum infection on pathological changes in broiler chickens. | a study was conducted to evaluate the individual and combined effects of ochratoxin a (oa) and salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) on gross and histopathological changes in broiler chickens. one hundred and seventy-six 1-day-old broiler chicks were divided into two groups of 88 chicks each; one group was fed a control mash diet, and the other group was fed a mash diet containing 2 parts/10(6) oa. on day 14, each group was further subdivided into two groups, with one group inoc ... | 2008 | 18568652 |
| comparative genome analysis of salmonella enteritidis pt4 and salmonella gallinarum 287/91 provides insights into evolutionary and host adaptation pathways. | we have determined the complete genome sequences of a host-promiscuous salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt4 isolate p125109 and a chicken-restricted salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum isolate 287/91. genome comparisons between these and other salmonella isolates indicate that s. gallinarum 287/91 is a recently evolved descendent of s. enteritidis. significantly, the genome of s. gallinarum has undergone extensive degradation through deletion and pseudogene formation. comparison of the ... | 2008 | 18583645 |
| salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum requires ppgpp for internalization and survival in animal cells. | to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum, we examined the expression of the genes encoded primarily in salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) and spi-2. these genes were found to be induced as cultures entered stationary phase under high- and low-oxygen growth conditions, as also observed for salmonella serovar typhimurium. in contrast, salmonella serovar gallinarum in the exponential growth phase most efficiently internalized cultured animal cells. anal ... | 2008 | 18621899 |
| examination by elisa of sera obtained from chicken breeder and layer flocks showing evidence of fowl typhoid or pullorum disease. | an indirect elisa using soluble whole cell antigen was used to screen serum samples obtained from breeder and layer flocks some of which had shown clinical or bacteriological evidence of infection with salmonella gallinarum or s. pullorum. there was good correlation between salmonella infection and the presence of serum samples showing high optical density (od) values. sera from seven flocks showing high values were retested using group d (0-1, 9, 12) lipopolysaccharide (lps) and g,m-h flagella ... | 1995 | 18645798 |
| correlation between viable counts of salmonella gallinarum in spleen and liver and the development of anaemia in chickens as seen in experimental fowl typhoid. | isogenic strains of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum harbouring rflp variants of the virulence plasmid and the parent strains, were given orally to 1-week-old white leghorn cockerels. differences in viability and pattern of behaviour of the strains in the tissues were observed during the course of infection. viable counts from the spleen and liver, the development of haematological changes in the form of anaemia, and pathological lesions were shown to be correlated. none ... | 1996 | 18645897 |
| fowl typhoid: assessment of a disinfectant oral dose to reduce horizontal spread and mortality. | to determine the most appropriate dose in drinking water of the disinfectant n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (timsen), a fowl typhoid challenge trial was carried out using 21-day-old salmonella-free chickens. in a pretrial, performed with six groups of 10 chickens each, it was shown that the disinfectant was atoxic and safe when administered during 15 days at doses of 0 ppm, 200 ppm, 400 ppm, 800 ppm, 1600 ppm, or 3200 ppm. thereafter, a challenge trial was performed with 390 chickens ... | 2008 | 18646464 |
| characterization of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum by plasmid profiling and biochemical analysis. | one-hundred-and-five strains of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum, biovar pullorum and 43 strains of biovar gallinarum were characterized by biochemical reactions, and 95 strains of biovar pullorum and 32 strains of biovar gallinarum were examined for plasmid content. twenty-one (66%) of the strains classified as biovar gallinarum contained a 85-kb virulence plasmid. six of these strains also contained a 2.5-kb plasmid. ten strains (31%) were without plasmids. ninety-three strains (98%) bel ... | 1992 | 18670961 |
| salmonella control--past, present and future. | the perception of salmonella infection as a problem to the poultry industry has changed as the industry itself has changed. other factors include increasing awareness of health and food quality. acquisition of more information on the microbiology of salmonella and the epidemiology of infection in poultry and man, have not, with a few exceptions, enabled us to eliminate salmonella from poultry and from the food chain. control of the poultry pathogens s. pullorum and s. gallinarum, the major patho ... | 1993 | 18671051 |
| ribotypes of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum. | ninety-four isolates of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum and forty-one isolates of biovar gallinarum were ribotyped using the enzymes, hindiii, ecori and smai, and a digoxigenin-labelled e. coli-derived rrna probe. using hindiii, 13 profile types were observed within biovar gallinarum and 12 within biovar pullorum. the most common types accounted for 39% of biovar pullorum isolates and 47% for biovar gallinarum. ecori digests revealed two profile types within biovar pulloru ... | 1993 | 18671057 |
| salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum in layers: epidemiological investigations of a recent outbreak in denmark. | despite the fact that no firm evidence was obtained, epidemiological investigations of a recent danish outbreak of fowl typhoid indicated that the infection might have been introduced by contaminated crates from a german slaughterhouse. fourteen danish and five german isolates of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum obtained from recent outbreaks in denmark and germany were characterized by phenotypic and genomic methods. phenotypic characters, plasmid profiling, plasmid rest ... | 1994 | 18671116 |
| a comparison of the oral application and injection routes using the onderstepoort biological products fowl typhoid vaccine, its safety, efficacy and duration of protection in commercial laying hens. | this study was undertaken to establish whether the onderstepoort biological products fowl typhoid (obpft) vaccine registered as an injectable vaccine was effective and safe when administered orally to commercial layers. its efficacy and duration of protection were compared with application by intramuscular injection. commercial brown layer hens were used as they were found to be highly susceptible to salmonella gallinarum infections. in the vaccine safety trial birds were euthanased at timed int ... | 2008 | 18678191 |
| the use of two live attenuated vaccines to immunize egg-laying hens against salmonella enteritidis phage type 4. | laying hens aged 24 weeks were vaccinated twice, separated by a 2-week interval, with spectinomycin-resistant mutants of either the salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine or a rough, aroa insertion mutant of a s. enteritidis phage type 4 strain. the 9r strain was given intramuscularly, the rough, aroa mutant both intramuscularly and orally. two weeks after the second vaccination the immunized and a control group of unimmunized birds were challenged with a nalidixic acid-resistant mutant of a fully vir ... | 1991 | 18680065 |
| [a short history of phage therapy]. | from 1920 to 1940, phage therapy was extensively used to treat various infectious diseases. in 1915, félix d'herelle followed cases of bacillary dysentery in the institut pasteur hospital. he observed "clear spots" on bacteria culture. in 1917, d'herelle presented a note to the "académie des sciences de paris" entitled: "on an invisible microbe, an antagonist of the dysentery bacillus". d'herelle named this microbial agent bactériophage. in 1919, there was an epidemic of "fowl typhoid" in france ... | 2008 | 18692974 |
| biliverdin production in chickens infected with the malarial parasite plasmodium gallinaceum. | chickens infected with the malarial parasite plasmodium gallinceum produced green droppings: the predominant pigment was biliverdin. droppings of identical appearance were produced by chicks injected with phenylhydrazine, a haemolytic agent: it is concluded that the catabolism of haemoglobin resulting at least in part from malarial haemolysis produces excess bile pigments which appear in the droppings. other chicken diseases in which green droppings are "a characteristic objective symptom are fo ... | 1985 | 18766933 |
| the effect of dietary supplements of copper, zinc and iron sulphates alone or with a chelator on survival in experimental fowl typhoid in the chick. | nutritionally adequate diet supplemented with an extra 200 mg/kg of copper (cu), zinc (zn) or iron (fe), each as the sulphate, or with 1 g/kg of disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (na.edta), and all combinations of these substances, was given to groups of chicks (gallus domesticus) from the 12-26th days of age. the birds were infected orally when they were 15 days old with 10(6a) living salmonella gallinarum and those which gained at least 10 g in weight between the 8th and 11th da ... | 1977 | 18770351 |
| observations on some changes during acute s. gallinarum infection in chicks. | haematological, serological, morbid anatomical and bacteriological observations were made daily for the 9 consecutive days that followed oral infection of chicks aged 15 days with salmonella gallinarum. the pathological changes among chicks fed with a nutritionally adequate diet containing only fish meal as the protein supplement were similar to, but in some respects more marked than, those in chicks fed with a corresponding meat-meal diet. the gradual development of a microcytic anaemia in all ... | 1976 | 18777333 |
| characterization of a t7-like lytic bacteriophage (phisg-jl2) of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum. | phisg-jl2 is a newly discovered lytic bacteriophage infecting salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum but is nonlytic to a rough vaccine strain of serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum (sg-9r), s. enterica serovar enteritidis, s. enterica serovar typhimurium, and s. enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum. the phisg-jl2 genome is 38,815 bp in length (gc content, 50.9%; 230-bp-long direct terminal repeats), and 55 putative genes may be transcribed from the same strand. functio ... | 2008 | 18820072 |
| distribution trends of salmonella serovars in india (2001-2005). | a total of 3079 samples were received and identified at the national salmonella and escherichia centre (nsec), central research institute, kasauli, india during 2001-2005. out of these, 2098 samples were from humans, 250 from animals, and 726 from meat, vegetables, seafood and the environment. the salmonella strains isolated were distributed among 35 different salmonella serovars. the most common serovars from humans were salmonella typhi (73%) and salmonella paratyphi a (24%) among typhoidal se ... | 2009 | 18950825 |
| the immunobiology of avian systemic salmonellosis. | avian systemic salmonellosis is primarily caused by salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum and serovar pullorum causing the diseases fowl typhoid and pullorum disease respectively. during infection interaction with the immune system occurs in three main phases. first is invasion via the gastrointestinal tract. infection with s. pullorum or s. gallinarum does not cause substantial inflammation, unlike s. typhimurium or s. enteritidis. through in vitro models it was found that s. gallinarum does n ... | 2009 | 19070366 |
| capillary and microchip gel electrophoresis for simultaneous detection of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum by rfbs allele-specific pcr. | we report the use of capillary gel electrophoresis (cge) based on a rfbs allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the analysis and simultaneous detection of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum, which are the major bacterial pathogens in poultry. rfbs allele-specific pcr was used to concurrently amplify two specific 147- and 187-bp dna fragments for the simultaneous detection of s. pullorum and s. gallinarum at an annealing temperature of 54+/-1 degrees c and an mgcl(2) conce ... | 2007 | 19073049 |
| protection against experimental fowl typhoid by parenteral administration of live sl5828, an aroa-serc (aromatic dependent) mutant of a wild-type salmonella gallinarum strain made lysogenic for p22 sie. | a wild-type strain of salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum, lysogenized with p22 sie (superinfection-exclusion defective) was greatly attenuated for newly hatched or 21-day-old chickens. an aroa transductant of the lysogenic strain and an aroa-serc tetracycline-sensitive deletion or deletioninversion mutant of the latter were equally attenuated. intramuscular administration of the aroa-serc strain to 21-day-old chickens protected them against oral challenge with 10(6) colony forming units of ... | 2000 | 19184834 |
| molecular epidemiology of salmonella gallinarum in chickens in tanzania. | a molecular epidemiological investigation of salmonella gallinarum infection in scavenging local chickens and commercial layers in tanzania was conducted between august 1997 and april 1998. a total of 1152 chickens were randomly selected from 10 villages and seven commercial farms. for serological and cultural prevalence studies, 1152 blood samples and 912 cloacal swabs were collected. in scavenging local chickens, the individual serological and cultural prevalences were 6.3 and 0%, while the pr ... | 2000 | 19184838 |