Publications

pathogenicity of salmonella gallinarum after metabolic injury by freezing.	freezing (-75 c) and storage (-20 c) of a cell suspension of salmonella gallinarum resulted in a heterogeneous population of dead, metabolically injured, and unharmed cells. injured cells constituted as much as 40% of those surviving freezing and storage for 1 day. replica plating of frozen and thawed cells indicated metabolic injury was repairable and not a stable mutation. penicillin was used to increase the ratio of injured to uninjured cells from a frozen and thawed cell suspension. pathogen ...	1970	5461164
haematological changes in acute experimental salmonella gallinarum infection in chickens.		1970	5478006
an immunological basis for the anaemia of acute salmonella gallinarum infection of chicken. i. haematological changes and their association with in vivo modification of the erythrocytes.		1970	5493530
an immunological basis for the anaemia of acute salmonella gallinarum infection of chicken. ii. the relationship of the immune response to the development of the haemolytic anaemia.		1970	5493531
unintentional carbon monoxide-related deaths in the united states, 1979 through 1988.	to describe the epidemiology of recent unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning deaths in the united states.	1970	1712865
[phase-contrast and polarization microscopic studies of the myocardium in forensic medical practice].	describes the major acute pathologic changes in the myocardiocytes detectable by phase-contrast and polarization microscopy. demonstrates the significance of these changes for a correct diagnosis of sudden coronary death, death from ethanol poisoning or closed injuries of the heart after blunt trauma of the chest.	1970	1455484
serological diagnosis of pullorum disease with the microagglutination system.	the application of a tetrazolium-stained salmonella pullorum antigen in the microagglutination test is described and compared with the macroscopic tube agglutination test for detecting carriers of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid in chickens. titers revealed by both testing procedures are similar; however, the microagglutination test is preferred because of the savings in time, space, and cost.	1971	5553281
the immunopathology in fowls (gallus domesticus) of acute and subacute salmonella gallinarum infection.		1971	5572535
the in vitro inhibition of salmonella gallinarum by pancreatic-intestinal extracts from chickens exposed to fowl typhoid.		1971	5095821
the effect of furazolidone on artificially induced salmonella typhimurium and salmonella gallinarum infection in chickens.		1972	4566747
characterization of eight rough mutants of salmonella gallinarum.		1972	4664248
diet and experimental fowl typhoid. further observations on the influence of origin of dietary protein on mortality.		1972	5067994
[allergic diagnosis of pullorum disease--fowl typhoid in chickens].		1973	4756645
[effectiveness of antibiotics in pullorum disease-fowl typhoid in chicks].		1973	4771648
[use of ionic silver aerosols in pullorum disease-fowl typhoid and colibacillosis in chicks].		1973	4589234
[salmonella gallinarum-pullorum control in chicken flocks using the random sample method].		1974	4603816
the effect of immunosuppression on the development of immunity to fowl typhoid.		1974	4213431
the effects of trace elements and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on the survival of chicks inoculated with salmonella gallinarum.		1974	4218644
in vitro cellular immunity to unrelated pathogens in chickens infected with fowlpox virus.	peritoneal macrophages recovered from chickens 15 to 20 days after inoculation with fowlpox virus and showing a delayed hypersensitivity reaction against fowlpox antigens demonstrated an enhanced antimicrobial effect against fowlpox virus as well as unrelated viruses and bacteria. inoculation of normal chicken macrophage cultures with fowlpox virus resulted in approximately a 200-fold increase in virus titer by 96 h, whereas the virus showed less than a fourfold increase in macrophage cultures f ...	1974	4366915
influence of high levels of minerals on the susceptibility of chicks to salmonella gallinarum.		1974	4413865
[chemical studies on the boivin o-antigen of local strains of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum].		1974	4446330
inheritance of antibody specificity. i. anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl of the mouse primary response.	our data suggest that fine specificity of antihapten antibodies is a useful mendelian marker of variable (v) genes. we found that some mouse strains (e.g., c57/bl6) consistently produced heteroclitic anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (np) antibodies (relative affinity for related (4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl and (4-hydroxy-3.5-dinitrophenyl)acetyl was always >2) while other strains (e.g., cba) produced "conventional" anti-np antibodies (relative affinities were consistently <1). 48 ...	1974	4139230
production of cephalosporin c by paecilomyces persicinus p-10.	after the growth of paecilomyces persicinus p-10 in a glucose-peptone medium, filtrates were collected and analyzed for antibiotic antivity. activities against salmonella gallinarum atcc 3030 and alcaligenes faecalis atcc 8750 (penicillin n-resistant strain) were obtained. part of the former activity was readily inactivated by penicillinase. the fraction active against a. faecalis was isolated by passage through amberlite xad-2 and amberlite ira-68. the powder eventually obtained was subjected t ...	1974	4157343
diffuse varioliform gastritis.	during 8 years experience, 90 cases of diffuse varioliform gastritis were observed (0.3% of examinations). symptoms suggest either the presence of a gastroduodenal ulcer or of a digestive carcinoma when weight loss is prevalent. the disease proceeds by subacute evolutive bouts with remissions and further relapses. at endoscopy, lesions associate large folds in the fundus and erosive mucosal bulgings disseminated in the fundus and antrum. histological alterations correspond to a superficial hyper ...	1974	414953
bactericidal and opsonic activities of normal sheep serum against gram-negative bacteria.	the bactericidal and opsonic activities of normal sheep serum against 9 smooth and 4 rough strains of gram-negative bacteria were measured. three smooth strains-escherichia coli 3662, salmonella typhimurium, and salmonella gallinarum-were resistant to the bactericidal action of normal sheep serum with or without complement. six smooth strains-e coli o78:k80(b), salmonella arizonae, proteus inconstans, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella stanley, and salmonella abortus-equi-were moderately sensitiv ...	1975	1098532
[diagnostic scheme of the causes of embryonal morbidity in poultry].	a diagnostic scheme has been worked out to reveal the factors causing higher embryonic morbidity and mortality rates in birds. it is based on the morphologic analysis and the bacteriologic and mycologic studies, and can be programmed and put into effect in three stages in the course of 48 hours. on the one hand, the post-mortem analysis is useful in establishing the factors of noninfectious character (overheating, insufficient heating, humidity of low or high values, poor air exchange, improper ...	1975	1108408
[dynamics of the agglutinin titer in chicks with pullorum disease-fowl typhoid].		1975	1114666
[economic damage caused by mallophaga. v. attempt at determining the role of ecomenacanthus stramineus (nitzsch) in the transmission of fowl typhoid].		1975	1121883
[possibilities of differentiation of the specific positive reactions for pullorum disease].	studied were sera obtained from three groups of birds experimentally infected with salmonella gallinarum-pullorum. salmonella enteritidis, and salmonella heidelberg, resp., using the whole serum agglutination reaction, the slow test-tube reaction (at 37 degrees and 50 degrees c), and the agar gel precipitation reaction as modified by aoki as well as the spot-test of williams. it was found that with the use of a typhus antigen it is not possible to differentiate the positive coagglutination react ...	1975	1210001
[role of ticks of the species argas persicus oken, 1818, in the epizootology of pullorum disease in birds].	studies was the role played by ticks of the argas persicus species in the epizootiology of pullorum disease in birds. use was made of microbiologic, radiometric, and autoradiographic methods to follow up the period of carrying salmonella gallinarum-pullorum, the localization and routes of elimination of the causative agent as well as the possibility of transmitting the infection by ticks. the pathogen was found to persist in the alimentary tract for a long time (at least 8 months--as long as the ...	1975	1210005
[veterinary genetics and selection].	the article comprises the data on the genetic potentials of new-hampshire cocks determined on the basis of the resistance of their offspring to the artificial infection with salmonella gallinarum. it is shown that different cocks differ significantly from one another in their genetic potentials with respect to the resistance to salm. gallinarum. since the method of artificial infection can not be practiced always, it is proposed by the author to characterize the genetic potentials of animals by ...	1975	1218714
study of salmonella gallinarum infection in chicks by gas liquid chromatography.		1975	1218915
[the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum in in vitro studies].	the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of 100 strains of s. pullorum and 24 strains of s. gallinarum against 19 antibiotics and 3 antibiotic mixtures were determined by the broth dilution method. the strains studied were isolated from enzootic outbreaks of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid. it was found that all the strains were sensitive to ampicillin, streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, oxytetracycline, chloromycetin, gentamycin, signamycin, polzomycin, and neotarchocin. besides, s. pullorum was s ...	1975	16296026
a simplified biochemical system to screen salmonella isolates from poultry for serotyping.	the 24 most frequently isolated paratyphoids from poultry, along with salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum, plus strains of arizona, citrobacter, edwardsiella, escherichia, klebsiella, prteus, pseudomonas, serratia and shigella were inoculated into triple sugar iron (tsi) and lysine iron (li) slants and into six fermentation broths which were numbered: 1 (dextrose), 2 (lactose), 3 (sucrose), 4 (mannitol), 5 (maltose), 6 (dulcitol). all the salmonella cultures (except s. pullorum) gave a ...	1976	995819
[studies of various peculiarities of lysogenic salmonella gallinarum-pullorum variants].		1976	1007952
[studies of bilysogenic and lysogenic salmonella gallinarum-pullorum variants obtained with infectious phage nucleic acid].		1976	1007953
[experimental delysogenization of lysogenic salmonella gallinarum-pullorum variants with acridine dyes].		1976	1007954
[comparative electron microscopic, biochemical and biological studies of initial strains, lysogenic and delysogenized variants of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum].		1976	1007966
the absorption and distribution of 59fe in chicks with acute salmonella gallinarum infection [proceedings].		1976	1028055
[economic effectiveness of antibiotics in pullorum disease-fowl typhoid in poultry].		1976	139739
[dynamics of agglutination in birds artificially infected with salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and salmonella typhimurium and treated with sulfaguanidine and furazolidone].	canadian leghorn chickens were used to study the effect of sulfaguanidine and furazolidon on the dynamics of blood agglutinin formation. the birds were artificially infected with salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and salmonella typhimurium. at various intervals following infection they were treated with sulfaguanidine 1% tablets and 0.04% furazolidon. the level of agglutinins was determined by the methods of huddleson (whole blood agglutination reaction), the fast serum agglutination, the method af ...	1976	797104
observations on some changes during acute s. gallinarum infection in chicks.	haematological, serological, morbid anatomical and bacteriological observations were made daily for the 9 consecutive days that followed oral infection of chicks aged 15 days with salmonella gallinarum. the pathological changes among chicks fed with a nutritionally adequate diet containing only fish meal as the protein supplement were similar to, but in some respects more marked than, those in chicks fed with a corresponding meat-meal diet. the gradual development of a microcytic anaemia in all ...	1976	18777333
experimental fowl typhoid in chicks impaired immunologically by treatment with cyclophosphamide.	male chicks were injected intramuscularly with 6 mg of cyclophosphamide daily for three consecutive days, the initial dose being given on the day of hatching. this treatment impaired bursal development and lymphopoiesis and no circulating antibodies appeared after such chicks were injected with salmonella gallinarum antigens at 19 and again at 26 days of age. in impaired chicks which were infected orally when 15 days old with s gallinarum the level of mortality was essentially the same as that i ...	1977	841202
enhancement of survival in acute experimental fowl typhoid in chicks by the administration of iron dextran.	chicks aged 15 days were infected orally with 10(6-4) living salmonella gallinarum. iron from iron dextran or ferric ammonium citrate (dfe and cfe respectively), in doses of 2-0 or 0-4 mg/kg given intramuscularly at the time of infection, had no effect on subsequent mortality compared with infected controls. increasing the amount of cfe to the maximum (20 mg/kg) that was non-toxic intramuscularly was also ineffective but when the dose of dfe was increased to 20 or 50 mg/kg the survival rate rose ...	1977	870957
altered absorption and regulation of iron in chicks with acute salmonella gallinarum infection.	chicks aged 15 days were infected orally with salmonella gallinarum. during the six-day period immediately following infection the absorption of 59fe from the gut fell progressively to be eventually about half that in noninfected chicks. this reduced uptake was accompanied by a shift in the distribution of the 59fe absorbed, more occurring in the spleen and less in the liver and blood. during the eight-day period that immediately followed infection in another experiment, serum iron concentration ...	1977	877434
[age-related dynamics of agglutinin formation in poultry experimentally infected with salmonella gallinarum-pullorum].	agglutinin production in birds experimentally infected with salmonella gallinarum-pullorum directly correlates with age. the older the birds, the earlier setting on of agglutinogenesis, and the better the immune response. along with this agglutinins persist longer in the blood serum. it is suggester to carry out the first serologic examination in infected flocks of the leghorn breed when the birds are aged 50-55 days. this term may be essential only in cases where the birds have been infected at ...	1977	919340
[antibody dynamics in growing birds experimentally infected or naturally sick with white diarrhea].	serologic studies were carried out with growing birds, aged 37-70 days, experimentally and spontaneously infected with salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum, respectively. more positively reacting birds were found by means of the whole-blood agglutination reaction with typhoid-pullorum test than in the study of the same birds when aged 6-7 months. the investigation of birds when young is also advantageous in that there are no losses of eggs, it is more readily carried out, and the infect ...	1977	929972
phenylalanine inhibited p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity in the serum as an indication of intestinal cellular disruption in the horse.	examination of tissues obtained from thoroughbred horses showed that the 'intestinal' phosphatase activity could be differentiated from other phosphatases by analysis at a ph of 9-5 and inhibition with 15 mm l-phenylalanine. a simple method for the measurement of 'intestinal' phosphatase in heparinised plasma or serum is described. application of the technique to serum or plasma from normal and diseased horses indicates that the increase in the activity of 'intestinal' phosphatase is associated ...	1977	22115
salmonella gallinarum - salmonella enteritidis relationship in rabbits.	the polysaccharide of s. gallinarum, sharing factors 9.12 with the salmonellae of group d. cross-reacts with one of two serological determinants, present in the polysaccharide of s. enteritidis, and is different from the determinant responsible for the cross-reaction of s. enteritidis and s. typhy polysaccharides. the absorption of anti s. gallinarum sera with proteins from s. enteritidis removed all the antibodies induced for the homologous antigens; in contrast, the absorption of the anti s. e ...	1977	66825
[introduction of an additional h-agglutinating test antigen for the differentiation of specific positive reactions in pullorum disease-fowl typhoid in poultry experimentally infected with salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and salmonella enteritidis].	explored were the possibilities to differentiate the specific positive reactions in case of pullorum disease in experimentally infected (salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and salmonella enteritidis) birds with the use of a typhoid test antigen and two h test antigens, obtained by the routinely employed method with formalin from salmonella enteritidis and salmonella adeoyo. it was demonstrated that the h-agglutinating antibodies persisted in the peripheral blood of the experimentally infected birds ...	1977	75606
the influence of protein source and basal dietary component on survival in acute experimental fowl typhoid in the chick (gallus domesticus).	1. the influence of diet on the survival of chicks inoculated orally at 15 d of age with salmonella gallinarum was determined, and in the first experiment the numbers of salmonellae were counted in blood 5 or 7 d after inoculation to assess their value in predicting survival. 2. significantly more chicks survived among those given beef powder as the protein supplement in a starch-based diet than among those where fish flour replaced beef powder. the number of salmonellae in blood was significant ...	1977	588545
[changes in the toxic, antigenic and immunogenic properties of the o-antigen of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum irradiated with gamma rays].	studied was the effect of gamma-rays at rates of 1 to 20 mr on the toxic, antigenic, and immunogenic properties of the o-antigen extracted from salmonella gallinarum-pullorum by the method of boivin. it was found that the irradiation of aqueous solutions of the o-antigen lowered the toxic, antigenic, and immunogenic capacity with the increase in the dose of treatment. strongest detoxication of the endotoxin was produced through irradiation at the rate of 10 mr, and especially at 20 mr. the antig ...	1977	595373
increased survival from acute salmonella gallinarum infection in chicks given diets with high levels of some forms of iron.	amounts exceeding 100 ppm of extra dietary iron as the ferric salts of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (fee) or nitrilotri-acetic acid (fen) produced highly significant increases in survival among chicks infected with 10(6.4) living salmonella gallinarum strain 9. additional dietary iron (400 ppm) as the sulphate or chloride salts (or as ferric fructose) lacked activity comparable with fee or fen except when 0.2 per cent of nae was also present in the diet. fee iron (600 ppm) also diminished th ...	1977	605293
a fowl typhoid outbreak in a chicken breeder flock.	fowl typhoid was diagnosed in a 1-year-old light-breed brown-egg-laying chicken breeder flock and in a 16-week-old progeny pullet flock on the same farm. salmonella gallinarum was cultured from chickens in both flocks. signs and lesions were typical. the disease was confined to the one farm. the source was suspected to have been a grossly contaminated well.	1977	606229
[diagnostic value of serological methods and of the allergy method in studying pullorum disease-fowl typhoid in poultry].	it was established that the positive allergy reaction was best expressed at the forty-eighth hour following the introduction of the allergen. the diagnostic value of the allergy reaction was not shown to surpass that of the serum agglutination reaction. it proved to be close to the value of the other serologic methods of examination (the whole-serum and whole-blood agglutination tests). the allergy method of investigation could be used as a tentative method, resp., reaction test for the detectio ...	1977	607558
production of precipitating antibodies in chickens infected with salmonella gallinarum.	vaccination of 10 days old chicken with a live relatively avirulent s. gallinarum induced antibodies against the main antigens of the pathogen, namely, its proteins. precipitations in agar gel were obtained against the free proteins and the protein conjugated in the somatic antigen of s. gallinarum and against antigens from the related s. enteritidis. antipolysaccharide antibodies were induced in small quantities which were however sufficient to allow their identification with the agar-gel-diffu ...	1977	322427
the history of avian medicine in the u.s. ii. pullorum disease and fowl typhoid.		1977	334148
[immunogenicity in salmonella gallinarum-pullorum irradiated with gamma rays].	studied with the imunogenicity of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum bacteria treated with 1, 10 and 20 mr gamma rays or killed with acetone. bacterial cultures were irradiated with a lmb-gamma m device, having a 137cs source, single doses being of a 3,252 r/min power biozzi's clearance test was employed to determine the changes in the immunogenic properties of the irradiated bacteria. the results obtained with both the clearance test and the protection test spoke of a considerable drop in the immun ...	1977	343353
[use of an immunoadsorbent in differentiating b and d salmonelloses in poultry].	an immunoadsorbent was obtained from a lipopolysaccharide of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum, employing the method of eskenazy. it was used to adsorb the o agglutinating antibodies against s. gallinarum-pullcorum, s. enteritidis, s. heidelberg in blood sera of birds. adsorption of sera was carried out at room temperature for 40 min. it was demonstrated that the product was highly specific. it fully and specifically found the o agglutinating antibodies in the sera of birds infected with s. gallina ...	1977	343356
the effect of dietary supplements of copper, zinc and iron sulphates alone or with a chelator on survival in experimental fowl typhoid in the chick.	nutritionally adequate diet supplemented with an extra 200 mg/kg of copper (cu), zinc (zn) or iron (fe), each as the sulphate, or with 1 g/kg of disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (na.edta), and all combinations of these substances, was given to groups of chicks (gallus domesticus) from the 12-26th days of age. the birds were infected orally when they were 15 days old with 10(6a) living salmonella gallinarum and those which gained at least 10 g in weight between the 8th and 11th da ...	1977	18770351
[effect of protein in the feed on the resistance of poultry artificially infected with salmonella galinarum pullorum and salmonella typhimurium].	studied is the effect of the low protein level in rations of birds, experimentally infected with salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and salmonella typhimurium. birds of different ages of the leghorn and cornish breeds are included in the experiments. results obtained from the experiments indicate that the lowered level of protein in rations to young birds at the age of five months makes them more resistant to salmonella infection. this dependence is markedly demonstrated in particular in the case of ...	1978	380135
experimental induction of an immunohaemolytic anaemia in the chicken with salmonella gallinarum endotoxin.	the possibility that the extreme refractoriness of the chicken to injected endotoxin would permit the buildup of sufficient free endotoxin in the circulation to immunologically modify the erythrocytes in vivo and thereby cause them to be eliminated from the circulation was investigated. it was shown that a moderately severe immunohaemolytic anaemia accompanied by a mild spenomegaly could be induced in chickens by single (large) or multiple injections of salmonella gallinarum endotoxin (sge). var ...	1978	647450
haematological, serological and pathological effects in chicks of one or more intravenous injections of salmonella gallinarum endotoxin.	abnormalities appeared a few hours after groups of 14-day-old chicks (gallus domesticus) were injected intravenously with 15 mg/kg of endotoxin (lps) from salmonella gallinarum. clinical illness without mortality was accompanied by significant (p less than 0.05) falls in body temperature, bursa weight, the main haematological parameters, serum iron (si) and transferrin saturation (ts) and a significant increase in unsaturated iron-binding capacity. all responses, apart from bursa weight, si valu ...	1978	653115
the anaemia in fowl typhoid: immuno-pathogenesis and associated patterns of erythrocyte destruction.		1978	659679
[combined vaccines in veterinary medicine in the developing countries].	it is in the interest of developing countries to have combined vaccines in veterinary medicine, not so much because they reduce production costs, but rather because they increase convenience and efficacy concerning the logistics of prophylactic projects in the field, thus lowering the cost of these projects. their drawbacks are basically due to the biological compatibility of immunogens (possible immunosuppression by some viruses) and to the interaction of the various components when mixed, or w ...	1978	753663
[indirect hemagglutination reaction in pullorum disease-fowl typhoid].		1978	80877
picosecond detection of bchl-800 as an intermediate electron carrier between selectively-excited p870 and bacteriopheophytin in rhodospirillum rubrum relaction centers.		1978	97097
transplantation of preserved pancreatic islets into the portal vein of rats.	langerhans islets were isolated from the exocrine pancreata of wistar rats by the improved collagenase-digestion method. the isolated islets were preserved in a tissue culture medium for seven days. transplantation of these preserved islets into the portal vein of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats resulted in a significant reduction of hyperglycemia, polyuria and glucosuria, and a restoration of weight gain. it was found that these effects could be maintained for 16 weeks. in order to normali ...	1978	98659
bacteriophage t4-coded dihydrofolate reductase: synthesis, turnover, and location of the virion protein.	dihydrofolate reductase plays a dual role in bacteriophage t4, first, as an enzyme of thymidylate metabolism, and second, as a protein component of the tail baseplate. antibody to the purified enzyme has been used to study its synthesis and intracellular turnover. the antibody specifically precipitates one protein from t4d-infected cell extracts. this has been identified as dihydrofolate reductase, although the polypeptide molecular weight (22,000) is lower than that earlier determined for this ...	1979	116011
effect of toyocamycin on the synthesis of the 70s rna of a murine retrovirus.	the murine eveline cell line chronically infected by friend virus was treated with toyocamycin (tmc), an adenosin analog and the virions released in the presence of the drug were examined for their rna. it was found that 70s rna which was synthesized incorporated toyocamycin. however, its subunit structure and its poly (a) content were apparently preserved. this incorporation may explain loss of endogenous reverse transcriptase activity.	1979	88041
the effect on the virulence and infectivity of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella gallinarum of acquiring antibiotic resistance plasmids from organisms that had caused serious outbreaks of disease.	antibiotic resistance plasmids from organisms that had caused serious epidemics, including those responsible for epidemics of chloramphenicol-resistant typhoid fever and dysentery in central america, were transferred to a strain of salmonella typhimurium and of salmonella gallinarum. the virulence and infectivity of these r(+) forms were then compared with the r(-) parent forms in orally inoculated chickens.none of the r(+) forms were more virulent than their r(-) parent forms. the mortality rat ...	1979	385769
cross-protection aginst salmonella enteritidis infection in mice. i. immunization trials.	mice were immunized subcutaneously with live and killed vaccines, with and without complete adjuvant incorporating salmonella typhi-murium m206, salmonella gallinarum 9r, salmonella pullorum sp223 as well as homologous salmonella enteritidis se795. the animals were challenged 21 days post-vaccination with 100 ld50 of virulent s. enteritidis 5694 smr subcutaneously along with unvaccinated control mice. to assess the immunity against acute and chronic infections, the percentage of absolute survivo ...	1979	397731
cross-protection against salmonella enteritidis infection in mice.	mice were immunized subcutaneously with live vaccines and live vaccines with complete adjuvant incorporating salmonella enteritidis se 795, salmonella typhi-murium m206, salmonella gallinarum 9r or salmonella pullorum sp223. they were challenged along with unvaccinated controls with 100 ld50 of virulent s. enteritidis 5694 smr subcutaneously on the 21st day post-vaccination. the humoral immune response was studied by assessing the sequential level of agglutinins, complete and incomplete somatic ...	1979	397732
cross-protection against salmonella enteritidis infection in mice. iii. delayed hypersensitivity reaction and clearance of the challenge organism.	mice were immunized with live vaccines and with live vaccines with complete adjuvant incorporating salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhi-murium, salmonella gallinarum or salmonella pullorum. on the 21st day after vacination, the hypersensitivity reactions elicited by the mice to extracts of the challenge organism (s. enteritidis 5694 smr) were assessed. the degree of delayed hypersensitivity reaction was compared with the level of protection induced by the vaccine. the role in protection of d ...	1979	397733
studies on the ameliorating effect of ascorbic acid on mineral toxicities in the chick.	the effect of dietary ascorbic acid on the toxicity of high levels of cobalt, selenium, vanadium, cadmium, copper, and mercury was determined in chicks. the vitamin reduced the growth retardation caused by cobalt, selenium, vanadium, and cadmium administration but had no such effect on copper and mercury toxicity at the levels used. the effect of ascorbic acid on growth could not be mimicked by ferrous iron administration. ascorbic acid did not alleviate the increased susceptibility of chicks to ...	1979	430217
dietary influences on resistance to salmonella infection in chicks.	studies on the influence of nutritional factors on the resistance of chicks to salmonella gallinarum have been reviewed. increased dietary protein decreased the resistance of chicks to this infection although resistance to escherichia coli infections was not appreciably affected. the administration of high levels of iron, particularly when accompanied by a chelating agent such as edta, resulted in increased resistance to this infection. the additional iron resulted in the prevention of the trans ...	1979	446767
[diagnostic value of the indirect hemagglutination reaction in pullorum disease-fowl typhoid].		1979	452403
[effect of surgical bursectomy in young turkey hens on body weight and on the resistance against salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infections].		1979	486063
[serum enzymatic activity in acute injury to the renal parenchyma].	studied was the activity of the serum enzymes lap, ce, aph, sph, and guanase as well as the isoenzymes of the unspecific esterases and aph in guinea pigs treated with potassium bichromate. morphologically and histopathologically, an acute injury of the kidney parenchyma was found, being in close correlation with the size of lesions and these enzymes' activity. the activity of aph, sph, and ce rose, and that of lap and guanase did not change. these enzymes proved to form an appropriate constallat ...	1979	516440
production and application of a live salmonella gallinarum vaccine.	the production and application of a freeze-dried salmonella gallinarum vaccine are described in this report. the vaccine is stable when kept at 4 degrees c and a single injection elicits a good immunity for 2 months, though its effect gradually diminishes. immunity is neither enhanced nor depressed by repeated injections of the live vaccine, and no interference effect was observed in experimentally infected chickens. furazolidone therapy jeopardizes the immunogenicity of a live vaccine, but its ...	1979	551367
a pilot study of the potency of a combined newcastle disease (fowl pox) fowl typhoid vaccine. i. the newcastle disease component.		1980	6252730
[comparison of the diagnostic indices in poultry treated against fowl typhoid pullorum].	a study was carried out on the influence of the treatment with furasolidon and altabactin, alone and in combination with spectam and esb3, in naturally infected and chronically suffering from typhus-puporosis fowls. it was proved that the treatment leads to a clinical but not to a epizootological recovery. it was also proved that the treatment of fowls against typhus-pulorosis, did not have any effect on the sensitivity, the specificity and the detectability of the allergic reaction, whereas the ...	1980	6453457
influence of time of exposure to high levels of minerals on the susceptibility of chicks to salmonella gallinarum.	mercury, 500 ppm; cadmium, 100 ppm; vanadium, 25 ppm; copper, 1,000 ppm; or selenium, 20 ppm were fed to chicks for various times before and after inoculation with s. gallinarum. these levels have been found to be toxic to chicks as indicated by reduced growth. when the feeding of the elements was discontinued at the time of inoculation, early mortality was increased but the effects tended to diminish as the experiment progressed. the elements had no effect on mortality if the feeding was discon ...	1980	7359214
[ampicillin and rivanol in pullorum disease-fowl typhoid in chicks].		1980	6771914
development of delayed hypersensitivity in gnotobiotic mice.	germ-free mice develop low levels of delayed hypersensitivity following exposure to sensitizing doses of sheep erythrocytes, compared to that seen in conventionally raised mice. infection of the germ-free animal with either salmonella gallinarum or salmonella pullorum was followed by extensive growth of the organisms within the intestine and the gut-associated lymphoid organs. as many as 5,000 viable salmonellae were recovered from the cecal and ileal peyer's patches as well as the mesenteric ly ...	1980	6965376
cross protection against fowl typhoid. immunisation trials and humoral immune response.		1981	7016618
furazolidone resistance in salmonella gallinarum: the relationship between in vitro and in vivo determinations of resistance.	of 22 strains of salmonella gallinarum isolated from recent outbreaks of infection in poultry in greece (15). amman (3), kenya (2), lebanon (1) and yemen (1), 20 were more resistant to furazolidone in vitro than 6 strains that had been isolated in the u.k. in the 1950s; the minimum inhibitory concentration of furazolidone was approximately 0.3 microgram/ml for the sensitive strains and 1.3 or 2.5 microgram/ml for the more resistant strains. furazolidone given continuously in the food did not con ...	1981	7252139
studies on the use of 9r strain of salmonella gallinarum as a vaccine in chickens.	the 9r strain of salmonella gallinarum produced hepatitis and splenic lesions without mortality in meat-type and brown-egg-producing strains of chicks, but not in leghorns. it was not recovered from leghorns for as long following vaccination as from the other strains of chicks. the infectivity of the 9r strain was determined by the genetic susceptibility and age of the host. subcutaneous vaccination of 9r produced partial immunity to s. gallinarum in leghorns as well as in meat-type and brown-eg ...	1981	7271663
the influence of native gut microflora on the colonization and infection of salmonella gallinarum in chickens.	a native intestinal microflora of chickens that is protective against paratyphoid salmonellae appeared to be partially protective against salmonella gallinarum and abbreviated the excretion time of s. gallinarum in white leghorn chicks. treated birds had a lower incidence of systemic infection measured by liver and spleen culture, and fewer birds developed infection in the intestinal tract. most of the chickens positive by cloacal swabs excreted s. gallinarum throughout the test period. the low ...	1981	7271664
cross-protection against fowl typhoid. ii. hypersensitivity reactions and quantitative estimation of the elimination of the challenge organisms.		1981	7274524
[effect of feed proteins on serum proteins in poultry infected with s. gallinarum pullorum].	the effect was studied of the protein component of feed on the serum-protein profile in a salmonella gallinarum pullorum infection on a model of birds of the leghorn and cornish breeds, participating in three age groups. in terms of feeding the birds were divided into two groups: i - controls, fed standard mixtures, and ii - test birds, fed mixtures of low protein amounts. the birds were bled at definite intervals following their inoculations. the total proteins of the blood serum were determine ...	1981	7340110
some epidemiological aspects of salmonella gallinarum infection in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).		1981	7342580
[relation between the dietary proteins in animal feed and agglutinin formation in chickens infected with salmonella gallinarum pullorum].	experiments were carried out with birds of the leghorn and cornish breeds, aged 2, 45, and 120 days and divided into two groups: i--birds given standard mixtures, and ii--birds fed mixtures with a higher content of proteins. both groups were infected with salmonella gallinarum pullorum. at given intervals of time after that the chickens were bled, and their agglutinin titer was determined by the agglutination reaction. it was found that agglutinin production in all birds correlated with the amou ...	1981	7344280
[effect of therapeutic agents on the antibody titer and allergic reaction in fowl typhoid-pullorum disease].	studies were carried out on the effect of furazolidon, spectam, esb-3 and altabactin on the production of agglutinins and the initiation and development of an allergic response in chickens affected with pullorum disease. it was found that these preparations, when used three times at intervals of 20 days, in the course of 10 days each time at the respective therapeutic rates led to the decrease in the titer of agglutinins in the treated birds as early as the tenth day from the beginning of treatm ...	1981	6211823
[poultry resistance to typhoid-pullorum disease by sex and breed].	studied was the resistance of a total of 1729 birds of the leghorn, cornish, and white plymouth rock breeds with regard to typhoid and pullorum disease after the oral infection with strain 2348 of salmonella pullorum and strain 2307 of salmonella gallinarum. in accordance with the manifested clinical picture and the results of the bacteriologic investigations all birds were divided into three groups--unaffected, survived, and died. there existed breed- and sex-associated variations in the resist ...	1982	7168143
[phagocytic activity and antibody formation in relation to the resistance of poultry to fowl typhoid-pullorum disease].	vulchanov's method (1954) was employed to study the phagocytic activity, and the classic method with the agglutination test served to follow up the production of antibodies. some breed-associated differences were observed in the phagocytic activity and the normal serologic antibody titer prior to the infection with salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum. highest were the indices with the leghorn breed, followed by the cornish and plymouth rock breeds. certain breed differences were also e ...	1982	7170772
[biological effects of gamma rays on salmonella gallinarum and their use in controlling fowl typhoid].	the results are given of following up some biologic effects produced by gamma-rays on salmonella gallinarum with a view of disclosing the possibilities of their use in the control of fowl typhoid. used were strains of salmonella gallinarum isolated from birds affected with acute typhoid. the possibility is stated of the detoxication of an endotoxin of salmonella gallinarum parallel to the growing intensity of the gamma-rays (1 to 10 mrad). it was found that the process of detoxication was better ...	1982	7179730
[serum protein spectrum in chickens with different degrees of resistance to salm. gallinarum, and the relation between globulin levels and antibody formation].	an experiment was carried out with 231 chickens of the leghorn breed, 177--of the cornish breed, and 532--of the white plymouth rock breed. in order to check the resistance of the birds to typhoid all of them were infected orally at the age of 2.5 months with an 18-hour broth culture of salmonella gallinarum. depending on the clinical course of the disease and the results of the bacteriologic investigations the birds were divided into three groups: a--chickens that did not develop the infection; ...	1982	7182995
[trial of trimedin action on chickens].	investigations were carried out with a total of 421 broiler birds (four-line cornish x plymouth rock hydbrids) within the age range of 2 days to 5 weeks. determined was the acute toxicity of the combination sulfadimidine (sdm) + trimetoprim (tmp)--5 + 1 and the water-soluble formula of trimedin following the intraingluvial introduction with week-old birds. ld50 of the combinations sdm+tmp (5+1) was 3980 mg/kg (2780: 5690), and that of trimedin was 2038 mg/kg body mass. the biologic half-life of ...	1983	6607565
[pharmacological, toxicological, microbiological and pathohistological studies of gentamycin complex ii].	the acute toxicity was determined of the gentamycin complex ii (gmc-ii) for albino mice, containing gentamycin components in a varying ratio. the ld50 at intraperitoneal application was 347.7 mg/kg body mass, while at oral application it was 5,180 mg (4933 divided by 5439) mg/kg body mass. histopathologically, (mice killed with high doses of gmc-ii, given orally) there were diffuse hyperemia of the liver, parenchymal degeneration of the kidney tubuli epithelium, and edema and emphysema of the lu ...	1983	6623911