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characterization of carbapenem-resistant escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae from a healthcare region in hong kong.carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae represents a major public health issue. this study investigated the clonality and resistance mechanisms of 92 carbapenem-resistant e. coli (n = 21) and k. pneumoniae (n = 71) isolates collected consecutively from clinical specimens and patients at high risk of carriage between 2010 and 2012 in a healthcare region in hong kong. combined disk tests (cdts) and the carba np test were used for phenotypic detection of carbapenemases. pcr assays were used to dete ...201626740321
pharmaco-phylogenetic investigation of methyl gallate isolated from acacia nilotica (l.) delile and its cytotoxic effect on nih3t3 mouse fibroblast.present exploration deals with the therapeutic perspective of methyl gallate isolated from the leaf extract of acacia nilotica (l.) delile in contrast to food-borne bacterial pathogen's viz., escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella typhimurium, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus with their evolutionary succession. the extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis and isolated compound was identified as methyl gallate using uv-vis, ir and nmr spectra. it was found most ...201626813302
outbreak of ndm-1-producing klebsiella pneumoniae st76 and st37 isolates in neonates.the purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (crkp) in shanghai children's hospital in china. twenty-two non-duplicate crkp strains were collected from pediatric patients between march and june in 2014. antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by the agar dilution method. beta-lactamases were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and dna sequencing. the transferability of bla ndm-1 was investig ...201626803822
development of carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel and nanosilver composite as antimicrobial agents for uti pathogens.silver nanoparticles (agnps) containing hydrogel composite were first synthesized by preparing a new hydrogel from carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc), polyvinyl alcohol (pva), and the cross-linker ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (egde), followed by the incorporation of agnps by microwave radiation. the resulting neat hydrogels and agnps-hydrogel composites were characterized using spectral, thermal, microscopic analysis and x-ray diffraction (xrd) analyses. the sem and tem results demonstrated that ...201626794757
etiology and resistance profile of isolated strains from severe systemic infections in patients with immunodepression--experience of the iasi infectious diseases hospital 2011-2014.microbial resistance is an increasingly serious threat to global public health and it is linked to patient's age, immune status, and also antibiotic overuse or misuse and repeated hospitalizations. the high incidence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria requires rethinking the first-line therapeutic schemes.201626793861
renal and perinephric abscesses in west china hospital: 10-year retrospective-descriptive study.to elucidate the clinical, radiological and laboratory profiles of renal abscess (ra) and perinephric abscess (pna), along with related treatment and outcome.201626788470
in vitro antibacterial activities of p-toluenesulfonyl-hydrazinothiazoles and hydrazinoselenazoles against multi-drug resistant gram-negative phenotypes.bacterial multidrug resistance (mdr) constitutes a major hurdle in the treatment of infectious diseases worldwide. the present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of synthetic p-toluenesulfonyl-hydrazinothiazoles against multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria.201626782344
meropenem dosing requirements against enterobacteriaceae in critically ill patients: influence of renal function, geographical area and presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases.the aim of this study was the evaluation of the influence of the susceptibility patterns of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, specifically the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases and the geographical area (europe and usa), on the meropenem dosing requirements in critically ill patients with different degrees of renal function by estimation of the probability of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) target attainment. additionally, estimation of the pk/pd breakpoints a ...201626782093
photoexcited quantum dots for killing multidrug-resistant bacteria.multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are an ever-growing threat because of the shrinking arsenal of efficacious antibiotics. metal nanoparticles can induce cell death, yet the toxicity effect is typically nonspecific. here, we show that photoexcited quantum dots (qds) can kill a wide range of multidrug-resistant bacterial clinical isolates, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, carbapenem-resistant escherichia coli, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneu ...201626779882
unique characteristics of pyogenic liver abscesses of biliary origin.pyrogenic liver abscesses (pla) can be caused by cholangitis associated with hepatolithiasis and cholangitis related to an abnormal bilioenteric communication, such as a hepaticojejunostomy or the presence of indwelling biliary stents. our aim was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of pla of biliary origin.201626775071
colistin resistance gene mcr-1 and phnshp45 plasmid in human isolates of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. 201626774239
prevalence of ctx-m resistance marker and integrons among escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae isolates of clinical origin.bacterial pathogens producing ctx-m beta-lactamases are emerging around the world as a source of resistance to oxyimino cephalosporins such as cefotaxime. in this study, we have investigated the prevalence of blactx-m genes among clinical isolates of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. of the double-disk synergy test-positive e. coli (n = 94) and kl. pneumoniae (n = 73) strains isolated during the study period, 41 (44·08%) e. coli and 32 (43·24%) kl. pneumoniae isolates were found to be ...201626997253
epidemic potential of escherichia coli st131 and klebsiella pneumoniae st258: a systematic review and meta-analysis.observational studies have suggested that escherichia coli sequence type (st) 131 and klebsiella pneumoniae st258 have hyperendemic properties. this would be obvious from continuously high incidence and/or prevalence of carriage or infection with these bacteria in specific patient populations. hyperendemicity could result from increased transmissibility, longer duration of infectiousness, and/or higher pathogenic potential as compared with other lineages of the same species. the aim of our resea ...201626988349
the clinical characteristics of neonatal sepsis infection in southwest china.to identify the pathogens responsible for neonatal sepsis in a high-volume women and children's hospital in southwest china.201626984074
asymptomatic faecal carriage of esbl producing enterobacteriaceae in hungarian healthy individuals and in long-term care applicants: a shift towards ctx-m producers in the community.background faecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producing enterobacteriaceae in healthy individuals was examined and compared to previous results obtained in such individuals a few years earlier. methods faecal samples from 779 individuals screened for employment purposes and from 225 applicants to long-term care (ltc) were screened between november 2013 and may 2014. results the overall rate of faecal carriage was 3.0% (30/1004). the carriage rate was significantly higher ...201626982242
urinary concentrations and antibacterial activity of bal30072, a novel siderophore monosulfactam, against uropathogens after intravenous administration in healthy subjects.this annex study to a phase 1 study aimed to correlate urinary concentrations and bactericidal titers (ubts) of bal30072, a novel siderophore monosulfactam, in healthy subjects in order to evaluate which dosage of bal30072 should be investigated in a clinical study on complicated urinary tract infection (uti). three cohorts of a total of 19 healthy male subjects were included in the add-on study and received the following bal30072 dosages. the 1st cohort received 1 g once a day (q.d.) intravenou ...201626976871
acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamases by escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae in gut microbiota of pilgrims during the hajj pilgrimage of 2013.we reported the acquisition of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (esbl)-producing bacteria in rectal samples of 129 pilgrims during the 2013 hajj (pilgrimage to makkah). when returning from the hajj, there was a significant increase in the number of pilgrims carrying e. coli resistant to ceftriaxone (p = 0.008). the ctx-m gene was detected in rectal samples, with the detection rate increasing from 10.08% to 32.56% of samples after the hajj (p < 0.001).201626976866
prevalence and risk factors of infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae.to study the clinical characteristics and associated risk factors of infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae.201626968486
the increasing challenge of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli: results of a 5-year active surveillance program in a neonatal intensive care unit.colonization and infection by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli (mdr gnb) in neonatal intensive care units (nicus) are increasingly reported.we conducted a 5-year prospective cohort surveillance study in a tertiary nicu of the hospital "paolo giaccone," palermo, italy. our objectives were to describe incidence and trends of mdr gnb colonization and the characteristics of the most prevalent organisms and to identify the risk factors for colonization. demographic, clinical, and microbiolog ...201626962817
fecal microbiota transplantation inhibits multidrug-resistant gut pathogens: preliminary report performed in an immunocompromised host.colonization of the gastrointestinal tract with multidrug-resistant (mdr) bacteria is a consequence of gut dysbiosis. we describe the successful utilization of fecal microbiota transplantation to inhibit klebsiella pneumoniae mbl(+) and escherichia coli esbl(+) gut colonization in the immunocompromised host as a novel tool in the battle against mdr microorganisms. clinicaltrials.gov identifier nct02461199.201626960790
comparison of rates of fecal colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria among patients in different wards, outpatients and medical students.because asymptomatic carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producers is a risk factor for infection, data on colonization dynamics are important when planning infection control. this study investigated fecal colonization with esbl producers among inpatients, outpatients and medical students and compares the characteristics of esbl producers among these groups. carriage rates were investigated in 5581 fecal samples; 4343 from inpatients (330, 1397, 619 and 1864 from adult icus [inte ...201626959958
in vitro and in vivo activities of op0595, a new diazabicyclooctane, against ctx-m-15-positive escherichia coli and kpc-positive klebsiella pneumoniae.gram-negative bacteria are evolving to produce β-lactamases of increasing diversity that challenge antimicrobial chemotherapy. op0595 is a new diazabicyclooctane serine β-lactamase inhibitor which acts also as an antibiotic and as a β-lactamase-independent β-lactam "enhancer" against enterobacteriaceae here we determined the optimal concentration of op0595 in combination with piperacillin, cefepime, and meropenem, in addition to the antibacterial activity of op0595 alone and in combination with ...201626953205
antibacterial behavior of polypyrrole: the influence of morphology and additives incorporation.the antibacterial behavior of polypyrrole (ppy) depends on a diversity of structural parameters such as surface area, aggregation level and additives (metal nanoparticles) incorporation. this paper summarizes the influence of different preparation procedures of ppy on action of resulting antibacterial composite against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and klebsiella pneumoniae. the bactericidal action has been assigned to morphology (size of polypyrrole nanoparticles). the electrostatic i ...201626952429
a single dose of meropenem is superior to ciprofloxacin in preventing infections after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies in the era of quinolone resistance.to evaluate the efficacy of meropenem single dose before transrectal prostate biopsy, instead of ciprofloxacin in the era of fluoroquinolones resistance.201626951136
inactivation or inhibition of acrab-tolc increases resistance of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae to carbapenems.the objective of this study was to study the contribution of the multidrug resistance acrab-tolc efflux system to carbapenem resistance in carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae and the impact of the efflux inhibitor pabn on this resistance.201626945714
the klebsiella pneumoniae o12 atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter recognizes the terminal residue of its o-antigen polysaccharide substrate.export of the escherichia coli serotype o9a o-antigenic polysaccharides (o-ps) involves an atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter. the process requires a non-reducing terminal residue, which is recognized by a carbohydrate-binding module (cbm) appended to the c terminus of the nucleotide-binding domain of the transporter. here, we investigate the process in klebsiella pneumoniae serotype o12 (and raoultella terrigena atcc 33257). the o12 polysaccharide is terminated at the non-reducing end by a ...201626934919
antimicrobial activity and stability of short and long based arachnid synthetic peptides in the presence of commercial antibiotics.four antimicrobial peptides (amps) named pin2[g], pin2[14], p18k and fa1 were chemically synthesized and purified. the four peptides were evaluated in the presence of eight commercial antibiotics against four microorganisms of medical importance: escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and klebsiella pneumoniae. the commercial antibiotics used were amoxicillin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, levofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and vancomycin. the best am ...201626901176
current status of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and proteus mirabilis in okinawa prefecture, japan.enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) are distributed worldwide. in this study, 114 esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae were isolated by analyzing 1672 clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae collected from an okinawa prefectural hospital in japan between june 2013 and july 2014. the overall prevalence of esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae was 6.8%; the prevalence of different bacterial species among the esbl-producing isolates was as follows: 11.5% escherichia coli (90 ...201626898665
prevalence of lrti in patients presenting with productive cough and their antibiotic resistance pattern.to find out the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) such as bacterial, fungal, mycobacterial infections etc. in patients with productive cough of duration less than 15 days and to rule out the patients having previous history of tuberculosis or having treatment of tuberculosis.201626894065
non-susceptibility of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., pseudomonas spp., streptococcus pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus in the uk: temporal trends in england, northern ireland, scotland and wales.to monitor and compare trends in the non-susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of pathogens to key antibiotics in the constituent countries of the uk between 2010 and 2014.201626892779
recent advances in biosensor based diagnosis of urinary tract infection.urinary tract infections (utis) are potentially life threatening infections that are associated with high rates of incidence, recurrence and mortality. utis are characterized by several chronic infections which may lead to lethal consequences if left undiagnosed and untreated. the uropathogens are consistent across the globe. the most prevalent uropathogenic gram negative bacteria are escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumonia. early detection and precise d ...201626890825
bacteremia in children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection.the risk of bacteremia is considered low in children with acute bronchiolitis. however the rate of occult bacteremia in infants with rsv infection is not well established. the aim was to determine the actual rate and predictive factors of bacteremia in children admitted to hospital due to confirmed rsv acute respiratory illness (ari), using both conventional culture and molecular techniques.201626872131
identification of key amino acid residues modulating intracellular and in vitro microcin e492 amyloid formation.microcin e492 (mcce492) is a pore-forming bacteriocin produced and exported by klebsiella pneumoniae ryc492. besides its antibacterial activity, excreted mcce492 can form amyloid fibrils in vivo as well as in vitro. it has been proposed that bacterial amyloids can be functional playing a biological role, and in the particular case of mcce492 it would control the antibacterial activity. mcce492 amyloid fibril's morphology and formation kinetics in vitro have been well-characterized, however, it i ...201626858708
antibiotic resistance in enterobacteriaceae: mechanisms and clinical implications.resistance of the enterobacteriaceae to antibiotics, especially of the β lactam type, is increasingly dominated by the mobilization of continuously expressed single genes that encode efficient drug modifying enzymes. strong and ubiquitous selection pressure has seemingly been accompanied by a shift from "natural" resistance, such as inducible chromosomal enzymes, membrane impermeability, and drug efflux, to the modern paradigm of mobile gene pools that largely determine the epidemiology of moder ...201626858245
graphene-iodine nanocomposites: highly potent bacterial inhibitors that are bio-compatible with human cells.graphene-composites, capable of inhibiting bacterial growth which is also bio-compatible with human cells have been highly sought after. here we report for the first time the preparation of new graphene-iodine nano-composites via electrostatic interactions between positively charged graphene derivatives and triiodide anions. the resulting composites were characterized by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, uv-spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. the antibacterial pote ...201626843066
detection of klebsiella. pneumoniae infection with an antisense oligomer against its ribosomal rna.previously, we demonstrated specific accumulation into bacteria of a 12-mer phosphorodiamidate morpholino (morf) oligomer complementary to a ribosomal rna (rrna) segment found in all bacteria using the universal probe called eub338 (eub). here, two morf oligomers eco and kpn with sequences specific to the rrna of escherichia coli (eco) and klebsiella pneumoniae (kpn) were investigated along with eub and control (noneub).201626832678
blactx-m-15 carried by incf-type plasmids is the dominant esbl gene in escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae at a hospital in ghana.escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) are among the most multidrug-resistant pathogens in hospitals and are spreading worldwide. horizontal gene transfer and spread of high-risk clones are involved in esbl dissemination. investigation of the resistance phenotypes of 101 consecutive clinical e. coli (n=58) and k. pneumoniae (n=43) isolated at the komfo anokye teaching hospital in ghana over 3 months revealed 63 (62%) with an esbl phenotype. al ...201626830052
[rational aspects of bacteriophages use].analysis of existing aspects of bacteriophage use and study features of their lytic activity by using various techniques.201626829858
design, synthesis and biological evaluation of monobactams as antibacterial agents against gram-negative bacteria.a series of monobactam derivatives were prepared and evaluated for their antibacterial activities against susceptible and resistant gram-negative strains, taking aztreonam and bal30072 as the leads. six conjugates (12a-f) bearing pih-like siderophore moieties were created to enhance the bactericidal activities against gram-negative bacteria based on trojan horse strategy, and all of them displayed potencies against susceptible gram-negative strains with mic ≤ 8 μg/ml. sar revealed that the polar ...201626827160
report: sensitivity pattern of ceftriaxone against different clinical isolates.emerging resistance against broad-spectrum antibiotics for standard empiric therapy is a global concern. ceftriaxone (broad spectrum, third generation cephalosporin) is widely used in tertiary care settings to treat severe bacterial infections usually non-responsive to other antibiotics. the aim of the study is to evaluate the current sensitivity pattern of ceftriaxone (30μg/disk) among different clinical isolates. for this purpose, three hundred clinical isolates including escherichia coli (25% ...201626826836
a retrospective analysis of the etiologic agents and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogens isolated in the jigme dorji wangchuck national referral hospital, thimphu, bhutan.urinary tract infection is one of the major public health problems. specific population studies to understand the common etiologic agents and antibiotic susceptibility patterns are important to determine the empirical treatment of urinary tract infections. this is the first study in bhutan to analyze the etiologic agents and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogens isolated from patients visiting jigme dorji wangchuck national referral hospital with the ultimate goal of guiding empirica ...201626825932
blandm-5-bearing incfii-type plasmids of klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 147 transmitted by cross-border transfer of a patient.the two plasmids extracted from klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 147 (st147) isolates were analyzed. the first isolate was obtained from a patient transferred from united arab emirates to south korea. the second isolate was obtained from a korean patient and was suspected to be transmitted from the first patient. sequences of two plasmids were almost the same, and genetic structures, including blandm-5, of these plasmids were similar to plasmids of ndm-1-producing escherichia coli st131 isola ...201626824953
recent advances in the laboratory detection of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae.carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe), mainly klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli, have been increasing rapidly on a global scale and are considered to be significant health threats. the most common carbapenemases are kpcs, ndms, oxa-48-like, imps and vims but their distribution and prevalence differs between countries. the accurate, simple, cost effective and rapid detection of carbapenemases in clinical laboratories is an important initial step to control the spread of cpe wi ...201627042955
high-level carbapenem-resistant oxa-48-producing klebsiella pneumoniae with a novel ompk36 variant and low-level, carbapenem-resistant, non-porin-deficient, oxa-181-producing escherichia coli from thailand.five blaoxa-48-like-carrying enterobacteriaceae isolates collected from two thai patients in december 2012 were characterized. three klebsiella pneumoniae isolates giving two different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and sequence types (st11 and st37) from patient 1 harbored blaoxa-48 locating on tn1999.2, whereas two escherichia coli isolates with the same pulsotype and st5 from patient 2 carried isecp1-associated blaoxa-181. one k. pneumoniae strain had blashv-12, bladha-1, qnrb, and ...201627041106
ciprofloxacin prophylaxis delays initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and reduces the overall use of antimicrobial agents during induction therapy for acute leukaemia: a single-centre study.due to an outbreak of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae, the routine use of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis was questioned. as a result, this study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the impact of ciprofloxacin-prophylaxis on the use of broad-spectrum antibioctics and anti-mycotics.201627030917
activity of temocillin in a lethal murine model of infection of intra-abdominal origin due to kpc-producing escherichia coli.temocillin is a 6-α-methoxy derivative of ticarcillin that shows in vitro activity against enterobacteriaceae producing klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc). our objective was to assess in vivo temocillin activity against kpc-producing escherichia coli.201627029848
unique risks and clinical outcomes associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamase enterobacteriaceae in veterans with spinal cord injury or disorder: a case-case-control study.objectives to describe the burden of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) enterobacteriaceae in veterans with spinal cord injury or disorder (sci/d), to identify risk factors for esbl acquisition, and to assess impact on clinical outcomes design retrospective case-case-control study patients and setting veterans with sci/d and utilization at a veterans' affairs medical center from january 1, 2012, to december 31, 2013. methods patients with a positive culture for esbl klebsiella pneumoniae, esch ...201627025908
influence of solid state fermentation by trichoderma spp. on solubility, phenolic content, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of commercial turmeric.the influence of solid state fermentation (ssf) by trichoderma spp. on the solubility, total phenolic content, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of turmeric was determined and compared with unfermented turmeric. the solubility of turmeric was monitored by increase in its phenolic content. the total phenolic content of turmeric extracted by 80% methanol and water after ssf by six species of trichoderma spp. increased significantly from 2.5 to 11.3-23.3 and from 0.5 to 13.5-20.4 gae/g dw, ...201627023794
comparison of hemagglutination and hemolytic activity of various bacterial clinical isolates against different human blood groups.among the various pathogenic determinants shown by microorganisms hemagglutination and hemolysin production assume greater significance in terms of laboratory identification. this study evaluated the hemagglutination and hemolytic activity of various bacterial isolates against different blood groups. one hundred and fifty bacterial strains, isolated from clinical specimens like urine, pus, blood, and other body fluids were tested for their hemagglutinating and hemolytic activity against human a, ...201627014523
normal vaginal bacterial flora of giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca) and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates.in order to study the typical vaginal bacterial flora of giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca), we took vaginal swabs for the sake of bacterial isolation, from 24 healthy female giant pandas. a total of 203 isolates were identified, representing a total of 17 bacterial species. the most common bacteria isolated were lactobacillus spp. (54.2%, 13 of 24), followed by staphylococcus epidermidis (41.7%, 10 of 24) and escherichia coli (33.3%, 8 of 24). some opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as ...201627010307
fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in healthy humans, poultry, and wild birds in león, nicaragua-a shared pool of blactx-m genes and possible interspecies clonal spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing escherichia coli.antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a major concern in the healthcare of today, especially the increasing number of gram-negative bacteria producing β-lactamases such as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls). however, little is known about the relationship of esbl producers in humans and domestic and wild birds, especially in a low-income setting. therefore, we studied the fecal carriage of esbl-producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae in healthy humans, poultry, and wild birds in the ...201627007258
in vitro susceptibility pattern of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing gram negative bacilli against tetracyclines.extended spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) are emerging as common nosocomial pathogens and important cause of mortality and morbidity, if not treated properly. the need of the hour is to find effective treatment options for dealing with esbl producing organisms. this study was aimed to evaluate in vitro susceptibility pattern of extended spectrum β-lactamase producers against tetracyclines.201627004323
development of cefotaxime impregnated chitosan as nano-antibiotics: de novo strategy to combat biofilm forming multi-drug resistant pathogens.frequent incidents of antibiotic-resistant biofilm forming pathogens in community-associated and hospital-acquired infections have become a global concern owing to failure of conventional therapies. nano-antibiotics (nabs) are de novo tools to overcome the multi-drug resistant mechanisms employed by the superbugs. inhibition of biofilm formation is one of those strategies to curb multi drug resistance phenomenon. in the current study, the anti-biofilm and antibacterial potential of newly synthes ...201627047457
curing vector for inci1 plasmids and its use to provide evidence for a metabolic burden of inci1 ctx-m-1 plasmid pifm3791 on klebsiella pneumoniae.using a sequence-based approach we previously identified an inci1 ctx-m-1 plasmid, pifm3791, on a single pig farm in the uk that was harboured by klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serotype 4,5,12:i:-. to test the hypothesis that the plasmid had spread rapidly into these differing host bacteria we wished to assess whether the plasmid conferred a fitness advantage. to do this an inci1 curing vector was constructed and used to displace the inci1 ctx-m-1 plasmids from k ...201627166141
genetic antimicrobial susceptibility testing in gram-negative sepsis - impact on time to results in a routine laboratory.diagnostic testing of positive blood cultures is among the most critical tasks performed by clinical microbiology laboratories, and the total analysis time from sampling to results should be kept as short as possible. by providing identification of pelleted bacteria directly from positive blood-cultures, maldi-tof ms opens for relatively low-complex species-adjusted genetic susceptibility testing from the same bacterial pellet. in our lab routine, we prospectively evaluated a rapid in-house real ...201627197792
association of diverse bacterial communities in human bile samples with biliary tract disorders: a survey using culture and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis methods.bacterial infection is considered a predisposing factor for disorders of the biliary tract. this study aimed to determine the diversity of bacterial communities in bile samples and their involvement in the occurrence of biliary tract diseases. a total of 102 bile samples were collected during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp). characterization of bacteria was done using culture and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) methods. antimicro ...201627193890
characterization of esbl- and ampc-producing and fluoroquinolone-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolated from mouflons (ovis orientalis musimon) in austria and germany.the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of β-lactamase producing or fluoroquinolone-resistant members of the family enterobacteriaceae in european mouflons (ovis orientalis musimon). the mouflon samples originated from nasal and perineal swabs and/or organ samples in cases of a suspected infection. only one of the 32 mouflons was tested positive for the presence of enterobacteriaceae that displayed either an esbl/ampc phenotype or were resistant to ciprofloxacin. the positively tes ...201627192164
[molecular-genetic analysis of microorganisms with intraepithelial invasion isolated from patients with colorectal cancer].the facultative aerobic bacteria isolated from the mucosa of rectum in patients with colorectal cancer in the zone of malignant tumor and neighboring normal mucosa was studied using molecular-genetic methods. the species attribution of bacteria was implemented using the cultural-morphological analysis and sequencing of the 16s rrna locus. the microorganisms with the intraepithelial invasion to rectal mucosa isolated were identified as representatives of the adherent-invasive (aiec) subgroup of e ...201627183716
impact of blandm-1 on fitness and pathogenicity of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae.the objective of this study was to determine whether acquisition of new delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (ndm-1) has an impact on the fitness and virulence of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. growth kinetics and the cost of fitness of ndm-1 plasmid carriage were assessed in isogenic e. coli j53 and k. pneumoniae prz in vitro by pairwise competition assays. the pathogenicity of ndm-1-expressing e. coli and k. pneumoniae strains and their isogenic controls was analysed in vivo using a galler ...201627179815
previous antibiotic exposure increases risk of infection with extended-spectrum-β-lactamase- and ampc-producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae in pediatric patients.the objective of this study was to determine whether antibiotic exposure is associated with extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase- or ampc-producing escherichia coli or klebsiella pneumoniae infections in children. we collected extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase- or ampc-producing e. coli or k. pneumoniae isolates and same-species susceptible controls from normally sterile sites of patients aged ≤21 years, along with associated clinical data, at four free-standing pediatric centers. after controlling f ...201627139486
emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mcr-1) among escherichia coli isolated from south african patients.the polymyxin antibiotic colistin is an antibiotic of last resort for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, including carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae. the state of the world's antibiotics report in 2015 highlighted south africa (sa)'s increasing incidence of these 'superbugs' (3.2% of klebsiella pneumoniae reported from sa were carbapenemase producers), and in doing so, underscored sa's increasing reliance on colistin as a last line of defence. colistin r ...201627138657
association of urinary tract infection in married women presenting with urinary incontinence in a hospital based population.urinary incontinence (ui) is increasingly recognized as a significant health problem, which remains a hygienic as well as social problem. women have higher risk of developing incontinence in their lifetime compared with men. urinary tract infection can increase the incidence of incontinence. present study was undertaken to assess the association of uti in married women who presented with ui.201627134871
predictors of blactx-m-15 in varieties of escherichia coli genotypes from humans in community settings in mwanza, tanzania.extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae commonly cause infections worldwide. bla ctx-m-15 has been commonly detected in hospital isolates in mwanza, tanzania. little is known regarding the faecal carriage of esbl isolates and bla ctx-m-15 allele among humans in the community in developing countries.201627129719
ln-1-255, a penicillanic acid sulfone able to inhibit the class d carbapenemase oxa-48.carbapenemases are the most important mechanism responsible for carbapenem resistance in enterobacteriaceae. among carbapenemases, oxa-48 presents unique challenges as it is resistant to β-lactam inhibitors. here, we test the capacity of the compound ln-1-255, a 6-alkylidene-2'-substituted penicillanic acid sulfone, to inhibit the activity of the carbapenemase oxa-48.201627125555
high prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative colonization in hospitalized cambodian infants.antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative infections are a significant cause of mortality in young infants. we aimed to determine characteristics of, and risk factors for, colonization and invasive infection caused by 3rd generation cephalosporin (3gc) or carbapenem-resistant organisms in outborn infants admitted to a neonatal unit (nu) in cambodia.201627124686
prevalence and risk factors associated with extended spectrum beta lactamase producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in hospitalized patients in kashan (iran).production of extended spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) is an important mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in escherichia coli (e. coli) and klebsiella pneumoniae (k. pneumoniae) isolates. this study was performed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with esbl producing strains of e. coli and k. pneumoniae.201627123215
antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from outpatients in urban and rural districts of uganda.antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern contributing to increased morbidity and mortality particularly in low-income countries. studies on commensal bacteria are important as they reflect the state of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in populations. however, susceptibility data on potentially pathogenic commensal bacteria from individuals in communities are still limited. the aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the susceptibility profiles of escherichia col ...201627113038
herbo-mineral based schiff base ligand and its metal complexes: synthesis, characterization, catalytic potential and biological applications.schiff base ligand, (l), derived from condensation reaction of 1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione, (curcumin), with pyridine-3-carboxamide, (nicotinamide), and its complexes of co(ii), ni(ii) and cu(ii) ions, containing 1,10-phenanthroline as auxiliary ligand were synthesized and characterized by various physico-chemical techniques. from the micro analytical data, the stoichiometry of the complexes 1:1 (metal: ligand) was ascertained. the co(ii) and cu(ii) forms octahed ...201627107703
ease-of-use protocol for the rapid detection of third-generation cephalosporin resistance in enterobacteriaceae isolated from blood cultures using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry.an ease-of-use protocol for the identification of resistance against third-generation cephalosporins in enterobacteriaceae isolated from blood culture bottles was evaluated using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. a cefotaxime hydrolysis assay from chocolate agar subcultures using antibiotic discs and without inoculum standardization was developed for routine work flow, with minimal hands-on time. this assay showed good performance in distinguishing bet ...201627105753
empiric piperacillin-tazobactam versus carbapenems in the treatment of bacteraemia due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae.extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae are a common cause of bacteraemia in endemic countries and may be associated with high mortality; carbapenems are considered the drug of choice. limited data suggest piperacillin-tazobactam could be equally effective. we aimed to compare 30-day mortality of patients treated empirically with piperacillin-tazobactam versus a carbapenem in a multi-centre retrospective cohort study in singapore. only patients with active empiric mo ...201627104951
preparation of gold nanoparticles by novel bacterial exopolysaccharide for antibiotic delivery.to develop potent drug delivery agents to treat multidrug resistant (mdr) bacterial infections using gold nanoparticles (aunps) prepared by bacterial exopolysaccharide (eps) being a reducing and stabilizing agent.201627101926
quantification and risks associated with bacterial aerosols near domestic greywater-treatment systems.greywater (gw) reuse can alleviate water stress by lowering freshwater consumption. however, gw contains pathogens that may compromise public health. during the gw-treatment process, bioaerosols can be produced and may be hazardous to human health if inhaled, ingested, or come in contact with skin. using air-particle monitoring, biosampler®, and settle plates we sampled bioaerosols emitted from recirculating vertical flow constructed wetlands (rvfcw) - a domestic gw-treatment system. an array of ...201627100014
complete sequences of mcr-1-harboring plasmids from extended-spectrum-β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae.here we completely sequenced four mcr-1-haboring plasmids, isolated from two extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (esbl)-producing escherichia coli and two carbapenemase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates. the mcr-1-harboring plasmids from an e. coli sequence type 2448 (st2448) isolate and two k. pneumoniae st25 isolates were identical (all pmcr1-incx4), belonging to the incx4 incompatibility group, while the plasmid from an e. coli st2085 isolate (pmcr1-inci2) belongs to the inci2 group ...201627090180
antimicrobial potential of halophilic actinomycetes against multi drug resistant (mdr) ventilator associated pneumonia causing bacterial pathogens.a collection of forty halophilic actinomycetes isolated from water and mud samples of the saline lake at kalar kahar, salt range, pakistan, was screened to investigate their antimicrobial potential against multi drug resistant (mdr) ventilator associated pneumonia causing bacterial pathogens. the isolates exhibited significant tolerance to alkaline conditions and grew well at ph 9-11. the taxonomic status of the isolated strains was determined by morphological, biochemical and physiological char ...201627087086
silver nanoforms as a therapeutic agent for killing escherichia coli and certain eskape pathogens.the scope of this study included the preparation of silver nanoforms with high antimicrobial efficacy, low cost, and ease of application. the term 'silver nanoforms' refers to silver located on the amorphous or crystalline titanium dioxide (tio2). silver nanoforms may be used as an alternative to antibiotics in killing bacteria. pure and silver-incorporated titanium (used as a carrier) was prepared using the sol-gel-modified method. physical and chemical properties of the samples were described, ...201627086305
new delhi metallo-β-lactamase and extended spectrum β-lactamases co-producing isolates are high in community-acquired urinary infections in assam as detected by a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay.the ability of microorganisms to evade antibiotic pressure is challenging in healthcare as patients have little or no drug treatment options. detection of the prevalence of antibacterial resistance pattern helps towards improved antibiotic policy and empirical treatment.201627080768
characterising health care-associated bloodstream infections in public hospitals in queensland, 2008-2012.to describe the epidemiology and rates of all health care-associated bloodstream infections (ha-bsis) and of specific ha-bsi subsets in public hospitals in queensland.201627078605
fermentative production of 1-propanol from d-glucose, l-rhamnose and glycerol using recombinant escherichia coli.fermentative production of 1-propanol, which is one of the promising precursors of polypropylene production, from d-glucose, l-rhamnose and glycerol using metabolically engineered escherichia coli was examined. to confer the ability to produce 1-propanol from 1,2-propanediol (1,2-pd) in recombinant e. coli, a part of the pdu regulon including the diol dehydratase and the propanol dehydrogenase genes together with the adenosylcobalamin (adocbl) regeneration enzyme genes of klebsiella pneumoniae w ...201627072298
successful doxycycline therapy in a patient with escherichia coli and multidrug-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae urinary tract infection.to report on a patient with a symptomatic, polymicrobial escherichia coli and multidrug-resistant (mdr), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-positive klebsiella pneumoniae urinary tract infection (uti) who was successfully treated with oral doxycycline hyclate.201627071978
in vitro antibacterial activity of zno and nd doped zno nanoparticles against esbl producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae.pure zno and neodymium (nd) doped zno nanoparticles (nps) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. the synthesized nanoparticles retained the wurtzite hexagonal structure. from fesem studies, zno and nd doped zno nps showed nanorod and nanoflower like morphology respectively. the ft-ir spectra confirmed the zn-o stretching bands at 422 and 451 cm(-1) for zno and nd doped zno nps respectively. from the uv-vis spectroscopic measurement, the excitonic peaks were found around 373 nm and 380 ...201627071382
community spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria detected in social insurance hospitals throughout japan.we surveyed the status of community-acquired infections involving four extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing bacteria (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, proteus mirabilis) isolated from clinical specimens from 11 social insurance hospitals in japan in 2012. these are member hospitals of the japan community healthcare organization, an independent administrative hospital organization. the isolation rates for e. coli, k. pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, and p. mirabilis w ...201627066881
further spread of bla ndm-5 in enterobacteriaceae via incx3 plasmids in shanghai, china.one hundred and two carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) strains were isolated in a teaching hospital in shanghai, china from 2012 to 2015. in a follow-up study, four new delhi metallo-β-lactamase-5 (ndm-5)-producing strains were identified after screening these cre strains, including 1 klebsiella pneumoniae strain (rj01), 1 proteus mirabilis strain (rj02), and 2 escherichia coli strains (rj03 and rj04). all k. pneumoniae and e. coli isolates were resistant to carbapenems, third-generat ...201627065982
[investigation of carbapenemases in carbapenem-resistant escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated in 2014 in turkey].carbapenems are the choice of treatment in infections caused by multidrug resistant enterobacteriaceae. in recent years carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolates due to carbapenemases have been increasingly reported worldwide. multicenter studies on carbapenemases are scarce in turkey. the aim of this study was to determine the distribution of carbapenemases from different parts of turkey as a part of the european survey of carbapenemase producing enterobacteriaceae (euscape) project. beg ...201627058326
evolution of antibiotic multiresistance in escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from urinary tract infections: a 12-year analysis (2003-2014).the aim of this study was to identify multi-drug resistance (mdr) in the main enterobacteriaceae implicated in urinary tract infections (escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae) from both, community and hospitalized patients and to analyze the evolution over a 12-year period.201627056582
overexpressions of xyla and xylb in klebsiella pneumoniae lead to enhanced 1,3-propanediol production by cofermentation of glycerol and xylose.1,3-propanediol (1,3-pd) is a valuable platform compound. many studies have shown that the supplement of nadh plays a key role in the bioproduction of 1,3-pd from klebsiella pneumoniae. in this study, the xyla and xylb genes from escherichia coli were overexpressed individually or simultaneously in k. pneumoniae to improve the production of 1,3-pd by cofermentation of glycerol and xylose. compared with the parent strain, the xylose consumption was significantly increased by the introduction of t ...201627056473
cost attributable to nosocomial bacteremia. analysis according to microorganism and antimicrobial sensitivity in a university hospital in barcelona.to calculate the incremental cost of nosocomial bacteremia caused by the most common organisms, classified by their antimicrobial susceptibility.201627055117
vector promoters used in klebsiella pneumoniae.much effort has been devoted to the metabolic engineering of klebsiella pneumoniae; however, our knowledge of the actual expression level of promoters used in k. pneumoniae is limited. in this study, the expression levels of three promoters were compared systematically by using the lacz reporter gene with different carbon sources in k. pneumoniae. the results showed that, although promoters pt5 and ptac designed for escherichia coli were functional, pt5 appeared more efficient and the induction/ ...201626234465
risk factor analysis of ciprofloxacin-resistant and extended spectrum beta-lactamases pathogen-induced acute bacterial prostatitis in korea.the objectives of this study were to investigate risk factors and the incidence of ciprofloxacin resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) in patients with acute bacterial prostatitis (abp). we reviewed the medical records of 307 patients who were diagnosed with abp between january 2006 and december 2015. the etiologic pathogens and risk factors for ciprofloxacin-resistant e. coli and esbl-producing microbes, susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, and the incidence of esbl in patients wi ...201627709861
immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo of a novel antimicrobial candidate.the synthetic antimicrobial peptide set-m33 has strong activity against bacterial infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. it is currently in preclinical development as a new drug to treat lung infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. here we report its strong anti-inflammatory activity in terms of reduced expression of a number of cytokines, enzymes, and signal transduction factors involved in inflammation triggered by lps from pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, and escheric ...201627758868
crystal structures of trimethoprim-resistant dfra1 rationalize potent inhibition by propargyl-linked antifolates.multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae, notably escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae, have become major health concerns worldwide. resistance to effective therapeutics is often carried by class i and ii integrons that can confer insensitivity to carbapenems, extended spectrum β-lactamases, the antifolate trimethoprim, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides. specifically of interest to the study here, a prevalent gene (dfra1) coding for an insensitive dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) confers 1 ...201627624966
neonatal septicaemia, bacterial isolates and antibiogram sensitivity in maiduguri north-eastern nigeria.the aim and objective of the study was to determine the incidence, bacterial isolates and the antibiogram sensitivity of the isolates in neonates with septicaemia.201627623727
acquisition of mcr-1 plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae during hajj 2013 and 2014. 201627620480
silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of ziziphus oenoplia (l.) mill: characterization and assessment of antibacterial activity.biological approach to synthesis of metal nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract is a highly relevant and recent theme in nanotechnological research. phytosynthesized agnps have better inhibitory and antimicrobial effects compared to aqueous leaf extract and silver nitrate. in the present investigation crystalline silver nanoparticles (agnps) with size of 10nm have been successfully synthesized using aqueous leaf extract (aqle) of ziziphus oenoplia (l.) mill., which act as both reducing as wel ...201627619740
the potential of photo-deposited silver coatings on foley catheters to prevent urinary tract infections.catheter-associated urinary tract infection (cauti) represents one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. the resistance demonstrated by many microorganisms to conventional antibiotic therapies and the increasing health-care costs have recently encouraged the definition of alternative preventive strategies, which can have a positive effect in the management of infections. antimicrobial urinary catheters have been developed through the photo-chemical deposition of silver coatings o ...201627612730
penicilazaphilone c, a new antineoplastic and antibacterial azaphilone from the marine fungus penicillium sclerotiorum.two azaphilonidal derivatives [penicilazaphilones b (1) and c (2)], have been isolated from the fermented products of marine fungus strain penicillium sclerotiorum m-22, penicilazaphilones c was a new compound. the compound's structures were identified by the analysis of spectroscopic data including 1d and 2d nmr techniques ((1)h-nmr, (13)c-nmr, cosy, hmqc, and hmbc). biological evaluation revealed that penicilazaphilones b and c showed selective cytotoxicity against melanoma cells b-16 and huma ...201627605109
invasive carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae infection at a paediatric hospital: a case series.there are no paediatric reports of invasive infection caused by carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) from africa.201627601110
[bacterial resistance from urine cultures at an oncological center: follow-up to 10 years].to describe the incidence and patterns of bacterial resistance in urine samples from a tertiary care oncology hospital in mexico, from 2004 to 2013.201627599077
isolation of coralmycins a and b, potent anti-gram negative compounds from the myxobacteria corallococcus coralloides m23.two new potent anti-gram negative compounds, coralmycins a (1) and b (2), were isolated from cultures of the myxobacteria corallococcus coralloides m23, together with another derivative (3) that was identified as the very recently reported cystobactamid 919-2. their structures including the relative stereochemistry were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic, optical rotation, and cd data. the relative stereochemistry of 3 was revised to "s*r*" by nmr analysis. the antibacterial activity ...201627598688
pcr-based typing of incc plasmids.incc (a/c2) plasmids are known to play an important role in the spread of multiple antibiotic resistance determinants, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenamases, amongst gram negative bacterial populations. the ability to identify and track these plasmids is valuable in epidemiological and clinical studies. a recent comparative analysis of the backbones of sequenced incc plasmids identified two distinct lineages, type 1 and type 2, with different evolutionary histories. here, a ...201627590677
determination of bacterial aetiologic factor on tracheobronchial lavage in relation to clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease.this study aimed to determine the occurrence of mannheimiahaemolytica, pasteurella multocida and mycoplasma spp., in relation to clinical signs of respiratory disease. tracheobronchial lavage samples were collected from 96 (healthy and unhealthy) cattle in the state of são paulo, brazil. mycoplasma spp. (12.5 %) and pasteurellamultocida (15.50 %) were the most prevalent species. bacillus sp., staphylococcus sp., escherichia coli, klebsiella oxytoca, pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumoni ...201627582268
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