Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| bacteremia caused by hafnia alvei in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected child. | 1996 | 8822302 | |
| prolyl aminopeptidase is also present in enterobacteriaceae: cloning and sequencing of the hafnia alvei enzyme-gene and characterization of the expressed enzyme. | the hafnia alvei prolyl aminopeptidase gene (hpap) was cloned and sequenced, the expressed enzyme (hpap) was purified to homogeneity and thoroughly characterized. an open reading frame of 1,281 bp was found to code for the enzyme, resulting in a protein of 427 amino acids with a molecular weight of 48,577. hpap resembles the aeromonas sobria enzyme, having 45% identity and the same distinctive properties with respect to size and substrate specificities. both enzyme show similar chromatographic b ... | 1996 | 8830041 |
| [evaluation of the usefulness of tests for production of beta-d-glucuronidase and propylene glycol utilization for the differentiation of enterobacteriaceae rods]. | the aim of the study was to inquire about the diagnostic usefulness of determining the activity of glucuronidase and utilisation of propylene glycol in enterobacteriaceae rods. the study included 1511 strains: 411- e. coli, 278 - klebsiella, 231 - salmonella, 159 - yersinia, 97 - citrobacter, 75 - shigella and 260 strains representing 6 other kinds of enteric rods. determination was performed in a liquid medium containing in 1 ml 25 mcg mug and 100 mcg onpg. propylene glycol (pg) utilisation was ... | 1995 | 8833927 |
| structural studies of the o-specific chain of hafnia alvei strain 32 lipopolysaccharide. | the structure of the o-specific side chain of the hafnia alvei strain 32 lipopolysaccharide has been investigated. methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, smith degradations, nmr spectroscopy, maldi-tof and fab mass spectrometry in combination with collision-induced decomposition ms/ms were the principal methods used. it is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of pentasaccharide repeating units having the following structure which is partially o-acetylated in the 2- (20%) and 3- ... | 1996 | 8870241 |
| characterization of the eaea gene from rabbit enteropathogenic escherichia coli strain rdec-1 and comparison to other eaea genes from bacteria that cause attaching-effacing lesions. | a number of enteric pathogens, including enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohemorrhagic (ehec) escherichia coli, hafnia alvei, a strain of citrobacter freundii, and rabbit epec strain rdec-1 cause attaching-effacing (ae) lesions in the gut mucosa. these bacteria have a pathogenicity cassette (locus of enterocyte effacement or lee) containing the eaea gene. this gene encodes intimin, an outer membrane protein required for production of ae lesions. rdec-1, a non-invasive enteropathogen in young rab ... | 1996 | 8900070 |
| specific spoilage organisms in breweries and laboratory media for their detection. | the gram positive bacteria are generally regarded as the most hazardous beer spoilage organisms in modern breweries, especially the lactobacilli: l. brevis, l. lindneri, l. curvatus, l. casei, l. buchneri, l. coryneformis, l. plantarum, l. brevisimilis, l. malefermentans and l. parabuchneri and the pediococci: p damnosus, p. inopinatus and p. dextrinicus. micrococcus kristinae is the only species within the micrococci relevant to brewing. the gram negative strictly anaerobic bacteria are apparen ... | 1996 | 8913814 |
| structural study and serological characterisation of the o-specific polysaccharide of hafnia alvei pcm 1185, another hafnia o-antigen that contains 3,6-dideoxy-3-[(r)-3-hydroxybutyramido]-d-glucose. | the o-specific polysaccharide of h. alvei strain pcm 1185 contains d-glucose, d-glucuronic acid, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, and 3,6-dideoxy-3-[(r)-3-hydroxybutyramido]-d-glucose (qui3nacyl) in the ratios 2:1:1:1 as well as o-acetyl groups. on the basis of sugar and methylation analyses of the polysaccharide before and after chemical modifications (o-deacetylation, carboxyl reduction, smith degradation), as well as 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including 1d sequential, selective spin-decouplin ... | 1996 | 8916544 |
| characterization of espc, a 110-kilodalton protein secreted by enteropathogenic escherichia coli which is homologous to members of the immunoglobulin a protease-like family of secreted proteins. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) secretes at least five proteins. two of these proteins, espa and espb (previously called eaeb), activate signal transduction pathways in host epithelial cells. while the role of the other three proteins (39, 40, and 110 kda) remains undetermined, secretion of all five proteins is under the control of pera, a known positive regulator of several epec virulence factors. on the basis of amino-terminal protein sequence data, we cloned and sequenced the gene wh ... | 1996 | 8932311 |
| heterogeneity in phenotypic and genotypic characteristics among strains of hafnia alvei. | hafnia alvei is an emerging human pathogen associated with sporadic cases and outbreaks of diarrhea. bangladeshi isolates of h. alvei possess the escherichia coli attaching and effacing (eaea) gene and demonstrate an attaching and effacing phenotype. in the present study we examined 11 canadian h. alvei isolates and strain 19,982 from bangladesh to determine if the formation of attaching and effacing lesions is a property shared among multiple isolates. attaching and effacing lesions were detect ... | 1996 | 8940433 |
| structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of hafnia alvei pcm 1222 containing 2-aminoethyl phosphate. | the o-specific polysaccharide of h. alvei strain pcm 1222 has a branched hexasaccharide repeating unit containing d-galactose, l-rhamnose, d-ribose, d-galacturonic acid, and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose in the ratios 1:2:1:1:1, as well as 2-aminoethyl phosphate (etnp) and o-acetyl groups in nonstoichiometric amounts. the polysaccharide was modified by carboxyl reduction, o-deacetylation, and dephosphorylation with 48% hydrofluoric acid, the last reaction being accompanied by removal of the late ... | 1996 | 9002188 |
| re-speciation of the original reference strains of serovars in the citrobacter freundii (bethesda-ballerup group) antigenic scheme of west and edwards. | the antigenic scheme for the bethesda-ballerup group of bacteria established by west and edwards in 1954 has continued to be applied as a serotyping scheme for citrobacter freundii. in 1993, however, the classification of the citrobacter was drastically revised and the species c. freundii redefined by brenner et al. accordingly, to judge the propriety to continuously use a single antigenic scheme for the c. freundii complex, the 90 reference strains listed in the antigenic scheme for c. freundii ... | 1996 | 9013489 |
| an homogeneous fluorescence polymerase chain reaction assay to identify salmonella. | we have developed a semiquantitative homogeneous fluorescence assay that combines polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification with direct fluorescence detection (hf-pcr). the assay eliminates the need to perform gel electrophoresis on test samples. using a set of salmonella-specific primers, this system was used to verify suspect colonies from culture plates as salmonella. the fluorescence signal is generated by a nucleic acid dye, yo-pro-1, that is included in the amplification reaction. this ... | 1997 | 9056213 |
| prevalence and mechanism of resistance to 'third-generation' cephalosporins in clinically relevant isolates of enterobacteriaceae from 43 hospitals in the uk, 1990-1991. | in a uk survey of the occurrence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases, 96 hospitals submitted a total of 3951 non-selected, non-duplicate isolates of enterobacteriaceae from 100 patients in each hospital, 206 of these cultures being mixed and, therefore, discarded. these isolates were initially screened for strains likely to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) by mic determination of beta-lactams followed by a bioassay, then disc approximation test and isoelectric focusing (ief). i ... | 1997 | 9069538 |
| [structural studies of carbohydrate lipopolysaccharide sections in hafnia alvei]. | the structures of 14 o-specific polysaccharides isolated from hafnia alvei lipopolysaccharides have been described. the structures of the common core existing in most hafnia alvei strains examined so far and the core-like trisaccharide found in some hafnia alvei strains have been also presented. | 1996 | 9072760 |
| [lipopolysaccharides containing sialic acid]. | sialic acids which are important constituents of animal tissue glycoconjugates are also present in antigens of some bacterial strains. capsular polysaccharides with sialic acid have been extensively studied whereas little is known on lipopolysaccharides which contain sialic acid. the paper presents review of the data concerning structure of bacterial endotoxic lipopolysaccharides. methodological peculiarities were described. specially emphasized were endotoxins of escherichia coli o24, o56, o104 ... | 1996 | 9072762 |
| [structural and serologic characteristics of o-specific polysaccharides of hafnia alvei pcm 1185 and 1199]. | this work describes results of studies of o-specific oligosaccharide repeating units from lipopolysaccharides of two related hafnia alvei serotypes. the linkage between o-antigen and the core region in pcm 1199 lps has been also established. the o-acetyl residues present in the polysaccharides are involved in formation of epitopes. | 1996 | 9072768 |
| structural studies of the o-specific chain of hafnia alvei strain pcm 1190 lipopolysaccharide. | the structure of the o-specific side-chain of the lipopolysaccharide of hafnia alvei strain pcm 1190 has been investigated. methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, smith degradation, nmr spectroscopy, maldi-tof, and fab mass spectrometry in combination with collision-induced-decomposition ms/ms were the principal methods used. it was concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of heptasaccharide repeating units having the following structure: [formula: see text] only 80% of the repeatin ... | 1997 | 9090816 |
| minimum growth temperatures of hafnia alvei and other enterobacteriaceae isolated from refrigerated meat determined with a temperature gradient incubator. | minimum growth temperatures of hafnia alvei (n = 156) and other enterobacteriaceae isolates (n = 162) from refrigerated meat samples (n = 88) and control strains of h. alvei (n = 81) from clinical and environmental samples were determined with a plate-type continuous temperature gradient incubator on nutrient agar. the dominant species, hafnia alvei and serratia liquefaciens had mean minimum growth temperatures of 2.6 (range, 0.2-3.7 degrees c) and 1.7 (range, 0.2-2.6 degrees c), respectively. v ... | 1997 | 9105940 |
| community-acquired hafnia alvei infection. | 1997 | 9114222 | |
| structural studies of the o-specific polysaccharide of hafnia alvei strain pcm 1206 lipopolysaccharide containing d-allothreonine. | the structure of the o-specific side-chain of the hafnia alvei strain pcm 1206 lipopolysaccharide has been investigated. methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, fab-ms/ms and 1h-nmr and 13c-nmr spectroscopy were the principal methods used. d-allothreonine (d-athr), amide-linked to the d-galacturonic acid, was identified as a constituent in the polysaccharide and the following structure of a pentasaccharide repeating unit was established: [structure: see text]. | 1997 | 9119027 |
| characteristics of alcohol dehydrogenases of certain aerobic bacteria representing human colonic flora. | we have recently proposed the existence of a bacteriocolonic pathway for ethanol oxidation [i.e., ethanol is oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenases (adhs) of intestinal bacteria resulting in high intracolonic levels of reactive and toxic acetaldehyde]. the aim of this in vitro study was to characterize further adh activity of some aerobic bacteria, representing the normal human colonic flora. these bacteria were earlier shown to possess high cytosolic adh activities (escherichia coli ih 133369, kleb ... | 1997 | 9161610 |
| structural studies of the o-specific chains of hafnia alvei strains 744, pcm 1194 and pcm 1210 lipopolysaccharides. | the structures of the o-specific chains of the hafnia alvei strain 744 and pcm strains 1194 and 1210 lipopolysaccharides have been investigated. methylation analysis, dephosphorylation, nmr spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry and fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry were the principal methods used. it was concluded that the polysaccharides of strains 744 and pcm 1194 are composed of the same pentasaccharide repeating unit having the follo ... | 1997 | 9183004 |
| hafnia alvei infection after liver transplantation. | 1997 | 9195098 | |
| structure of the o-polysaccharide from the lps of a hafnia alvei strain isolated from a patient with suspect yersinosis. | the carbohydrate backbone of the hafnia alvei strain y166/91 lipopolysaccharide (lps) was isolated by mild acid hydrolysis followed by gel permeation chromatography and studied by nmr spectroscopy and methylation analysis. treatment with periodate and hypoiodite gave a modified polysaccharide which was also characterised. it was concluded that the polysaccharide has the following structure with two distinct regions, which are connected. the chain length parameters m and n were not determined but ... | 1997 | 9203343 |
| hafnia alvei septicemia in two patients with digestive malignancies. | 1997 | 9238449 | |
| inhibition of microbial growth in chub-packed ground beef by refrigeration (2 degrees c) and medium-dose (2.2 to 2.4 kgy) irradiation. | two studies were conducted to monitor microbial growth in chub-packed ground beef. in the first study, the effect of storage temperatures (2 and 7 degrees c) on chubs was examined for up to 18 days. storage of chubs at 2 degrees c slowed microbial growth such that total counts exceeded 7.5 log10 cfu/g within 10 days compared to within 4 days for chubs stored at 7 degrees c. microbial counts > or = 7.5 log10 cfu/g were associated with off-odors and samples were considered spoiled. the predominant ... | 1997 | 9310852 |
| [hafnia alvei bacteremia in an aids patient]. | 1997 | 9324603 | |
| the escherichia coli ldcc gene encodes another lysine decarboxylase, probably a constitutive enzyme. | a gene (designated ldcc) mapped at 4.6 min on the escherichia coli chromosome codes for a protein of 713 amino acids (aa) that shows strong similarities in both size and amino-acid sequence (69% identical residues and 85% conserved residues) to lysine decarboxylase (ldc) from e. coli (cada, acid-inducible ldc, 715 aa) or from hafnia alvei (739 aa). a puc18 derivative carrying the ldcc gene conferred high ldc activities on an e. coli strain devoid of the functional cada gene, even when the bacter ... | 1997 | 9339543 |
| inhibition of salmonella typhimurium attachment to chicken cecal mucus by intestinal isolates of enterobacteriaceae and lactobacilli. | the ability of selected strains of enterobacteriaceae or lactobacilli isolated from the intestines of adult chickens to inhibit in vitro attachment of salmonella typhimurium 3333/o to cecal mucus in the presence or absence of d-mannose was determined. attachment in the absence of mannose was reduced by prior exposure of mucus to cultures of two isolates of enterobacteriaceae, an escherichia coli and a hafnia alvei strain, but not to a third isolate, an enterobacter agglomerans strain. attachment ... | 1997 | 9356699 |
| septicemia associated with hafnia alvei in laying hens. | in the present work hafnia alvei was isolated from laying hens displaying a reduction in egg production, loss of appetite, opisthotonus, and death. multifocal necrotizing hepatitis and splenitis were the most prominent lesions. the organism was identified microbiologically. laying hens were experimentally inoculated by the oral and intraperitoneal route to show the pathogenicity of the organism. a very similar clinicopathologic effect resulted from this trial. several experimentally infected lay ... | 1997 | 9356725 |
| electrochemical measurement of trace concentrations of biological hydrogen produced by enterobacteriaceae. | accurate measurements of the hydrogen gas produced by escherichia coli and hafnia alvei pure cultures during glucose metabolism were performed under different growth conditions: stagnant, with magnetic stirring or with vibrational shaking. these measurements were carried out using an electrochemical hydrogen sensor based on a platinum-coated solid polymer electrolyte membrane (pt-spe). the results obtained were dependent on the hydrodynamic conditions of the growth, with greater hydrogen product ... | 1997 | 9404509 |
| l-ornithine decarboxylase from hafnia alvei has a novel l-ornithine oxidase activity. | a novel activity producing gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) from l-ornithine in the presence of nad(p)+ was found in the crude extract of l-ornithine-induced hafnia alvei, in addition to l-ornithine decarboxylase (odc) activity. the reaction system for the former activity consisted of two enzymes, l-ornithine oxidase (decarboxylating, ood) and gamma-aminobutyraldehyde (gabl) dehydrogenase (gdh). ood catalyzed the conversion of l-ornithine into gabl, co2, nh3, and h2o2 in the presence of o2, and gd ... | 1997 | 9443811 |
| nmr spectroscopic elucidation of the structure of a glycerol teichoic acid-like o-specific polysaccharide of the bacterium hafnia alvei strain pcm 1199. | the structure of the acidic o-specific polysaccharide of a gram-negative bacterium, h. alvei strain pcm 1199, was studied by nmr spectroscopy including two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (cosy), total correlation spectroscopy (tocsy), nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy (noesy), 1h, 13c heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (hsqc), 1h, 13c heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (hmbc), and one-dimensional 1h, 31p heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence (hmqc) experiments. it was foun ... | 1997 | 9481879 |
| immunochemical studies of the lipopolysaccharide o-specific polysaccharide of hafnia alvei pcm 1199 related to h. alvei pcm 1205. | on the basis of chemical analyses and nmr spectroscopic studies, it was found that the o-specific polysaccharide (o-ps) isolated from the hafnia alvei pcm 1199 lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a glycerol teichoic-acid-like polymer having a repeating unit of the following structure: [structure in text] where qui4nac is 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxyglucose and o-acetylation at both positions is non-stoichiometric. the glycosidic linkage of the lateral beta-d-glcpnac residue is acid-labile and cleaved from th ... | 1998 | 9490075 |
| amino acid decarboxylase capability of microorganisms isolated in spanish fermented meat products. | enterobacteria, lactic acid bacteria (lab) and gram-positive cocci were isolated from spanish meat products. the most frequent species in the meat products studied were identified as lactobacillus sake, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus curvatus from de man-rogosa-sharpe agar; staphylococcus xylosus, staphylococcus saprophyticus and micrococcus varians from mannitol salt phenol-red agar; and hafnia alvei, escherichia coli, pseudomonas fluorescens, enterobacter amnigenes and enterobacter ... | 1998 | 9553801 |
| enterobacteriaceae found in high numbers in fish, minced meat and pasteurised milk or cream and the presence of toxin encoding genes. | enterobacteriaceae were found in high numbers after storage at 7 degrees c in 6% of consumers packs of pasteurised milk or cream, in 31% of retailed fish and in 100% of retail packs of minced meat. seventy two fresh-water fishes, 40 packs of minced meat and 430 milk packs were sampled. one hundred and eighty four isolates were randomly picked from tryptone glucose extract (tge) agar (30 degrees c for 3d) or violet red bile glucose (vrbg) agar (37 degrees c for 1d). in minced meat, serratia lique ... | 1998 | 9562874 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of hafnia alvei isolated from chub-packed and retail ground beef. | thirty-eight isolates of hafnia alvei were characterized by biochemical profiles, ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns. the isolates were recovered from chub-packed (19 isolates) or retail (nine isolates) ground beef, or were obtained from culture repositories (10 isolates). biochemical profiling differentiated the 38 isolates into five groups and a commercial ribotyping method recognized 11 groups, whereas pfge differentiated the same 38 isolates into 19 groups. these ... | 1998 | 9569690 |
| [hafnia alvei in acute gastroenteritis in children]. | 1998 | 9608106 | |
| espe, a novel secreted protein of attaching and effacing bacteria, is directly translocated into infected host cells, where it appears as a tyrosine-phosphorylated 90 kda protein. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) and some strains of hafnia alvei are capable of inducing attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions, characterized by tight apposition of the bacteria to the eukaryotic membrane and formation of actin-based pedestals. in this study, we report on the identification of espe, a novel secreted 80 kda protein of a/e bacteria. during infection, espe is delivered into the cytoplasm of the infected host cell, where it is detected a ... | 1998 | 9632251 |
| reinvestigation of the o-specific polysaccharides of hafnia alvei lipopolysaccharides isolated from strains atcc 13337 and 1187. | the structure of the o-specific polysaccharides of the lipopolysaccharides produced by hafnia alvei strains atcc 13337 and 1187 was reinvestigated. the position of phosphate group in the repeating units of the polysaccharides was established with the aid of 1h detected, 31p edited nmr spectra. according to the results obtained, the polysaccharides are teichoic acid-like polymers with the repeating units of the following structure: [formula: see text] where acyl = d-3-hydroxylbutyryl, and 3-o-ace ... | 1998 | 9658571 |
| thermal death times of hafnia alvei cells in a model suspension and in artificially contaminated hot-smoked kahawai (arripis trutta). | in new zealand the product most frequently implicated in cases of scombroid poisoning is hot-smoked kahawai (arripis trutta). using a hafnia alvei strain, previously isolated from a portion of hot-smoked kahawai with a histamine level of 1,659.4 mg/kg, thermal death trials were carried out in a model suspension (0.1% peptone) at 54, 55, 56, 57, and 58 degrees c. from the linear regression line (r2 = 0.98) fitted to observed d values plotted against temperature, calculated d values for 54, 55, 56 ... | 1998 | 9713770 |
| [the characteristics of the causative agents of suppurative-inflammatory complications in hemophiliacs]. | morphological-cultural and physiological-biochemical properties of 24 strains of microorganisms agents of pyo-inflammatory complications of different localization in patients with hemophilia have been studied. microorganisms strains presented by the following species: staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, s. saprophyticus, proteus vulgaris, p. morganii, hafnia alvei, serratia marcescens, have been identified. it was found out that in monoculture staphylococci prove to be the leading etiological ... | 1998 | 9859645 |
| raman spectrum of zirconia-hafnia mixed crystals. | 1992 | 10001722 | |
| [mitral valve prosthetic endocarditis due to hafnia alvei]. | 1999 | 10091216 | |
| important aspects of the colonization of central venous catheter. | this study comprises five different kind of venous central catheters, 103 in total, made of polyurethane tecoflex, polyurethane vialon, ptfe and pvc, and the influence of their raw material on the microbial colonization. patients age and sex, besides their clinical conditions, were taken into account, and neither considered as a sample vicious, nor associated with colonization. when the tips of the catheters were asseptically inoculated in tryptic soy broth and tioglicolate, colonization was det ... | 1999 | 10326311 |
| structural heterogeneity of the sialic-acid-containing oligosaccharides from the lipopolysaccharide of hafnia alvei strain 2 as detected by fabms studies. | the structure of four oligosaccharide fractions from the hafnia alvei strain 2 lipopolysaccharide (lps) have been assigned by fabms. this approach corroborates data previously established by nmr spectroscopy for the major oligosaccharides in these fractions [a. gamian, e. romanowska, u. dabrowski, j. dabrowski, biochemistry 30 (1991) 5032-5038; e. katzenellenbogen, a. gamian, e. romanowska, u. dabrowski, j. dabrowski, biochem. biophys. res. commun. 194 (1993) 1058-1064; n. ravenscroft, a. gamian ... | 1998 | 10335589 |
| non-typical lipopolysaccharide core regions of some hafnia alvei strains: structural and serological studies. | the lipopolysaccharides of hafnia alvei strains 23, 1222 and 39 were found to have non-typical core region. on the basis of sugar and methylation analyses, 1h-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, it was concluded that the core oligosaccharide of strains 23 and 1222 has the same structure as escherichia coli r4 core region, and the core oligosaccharide of strain 39 has the structure of salmonella ra core. using the se ... | 1999 | 10340714 |
| prototypal diarrheagenic strains of hafnia alvei are actually members of the genus escherichia. | we analyzed five bacterial strains, designated 19982, 9194, 10457, 10790, and 12502, that were isolated from stool specimens of individuals with diarrheal illness by the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research in dhaka, bangladesh (m. j. albert, s. m. faruque, m. ansaruzzaman, m. m. islam, k. haider, k. alam, i. kabir, and r. robins-browne, j. med. microbiol. 37:310-314, 1992). the strains were initially identified as hafnia alvei with a commercial identification system and were rep ... | 1999 | 10405374 |
| the distribution of enteric bacteria from australian mammals: host and geographical effects. | bacteria of the family enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 642 mammalian hosts, representing 16 families and 79 species, collected from throughout australia. escherichia coli was the most common of the 24 enteric species recovered and represented almost half of the isolates. association analysis revealed that most other species of bacteria were less likely to be recovered from hosts in which e. coli was present. the composition of the enteric community of a host was found to be determined by b ... | 1999 | 10537188 |
| the genetic structure of enteric bacteria from australian mammals. | a total of 246 isolates representing five species of the family enterobacteriaceae, taken from a variety of australian mammal species, were characterized using multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis. genome diversity estimates varied significantly among species, with the klebsiella pneumoniae sample exhibiting the lowest diversity and the citrobacter freundii sample the highest. multi-locus linkage disequilibrium estimates revealed that alleles were non-randomly associated in all five species sample ... | 1999 | 10537189 |
| structural studies of the o-specific polysaccharide of hafnia alvei strain pcm 1207 lipopolysaccharide. | the structure of the o-specific side-chain of the hafnia alvei strain pcm 1207 lipopolysaccharide (lps) has been investigated. methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) ms, fast atom bombardment (fab)-ms/ms and 1h- and 13c-nmr spectroscopy were the principal methods used. glycerol phosphate was identified as a constituent in the polysaccharide and the following structure of a pentasaccharide repeating unit was establishe ... | 1999 | 10542050 |
| the phylogenetic position of serratia, buttiauxella and some other genera of the family enterobacteriaceae. | the phylogenetic relationships of the type strains of 38 species from 15 genera of the family enterobacteriaceae were investigated by comparative 16s rdna analysis. several sequences of strains from the genera citrobacter, erwinia, pantoea, proteus, rahnella and serratia, analysed in this study, have been analysed previously. however, as the sequences of this study differ slightly from the published ones, they were included in the analysis. of the 23 enterobacterial genera included in an overvie ... | 1999 | 10555323 |
| identification of hafnia alvei with the microscan walkaway system. | hafnia alvei is a gram-negative facultatively anaerobic bacillus that belongs to the family enterobacteriaceae. this organism is a causative agent of intestinal disorders and is found in different environments. h. alvei has received increased clinical attention as a cause of different infections in humans. this study was performed to compare the microscan walkaway automated identification system in conjunction with the new microscan combo negative type 1s panels with conventional biochemical met ... | 1999 | 10565961 |
| topical antibiotics on tracheostoma prevents exogenous colonization and infection of lower airways in children. | patients requiring long-term ventilation are at high risk of lower airway infections, generally of endogenous development. patients on long-term ventilation, in particular via a tracheostomy, may develop tracheobronchitis or pneumonia of exogenous pathogenesis, ie, caused by microorganisms not carried in the oropharynx. the frequency of exogenous colonization or infection has previously been reported to be as high as 33%. a prospective observational cohort study of 2 years was undertaken to eval ... | 2000 | 10669698 |
| immunochemical aspects of hafnia alvei o antigens. | in the article the composition and structure of the o-specific polysaccharide chains and core region of the o antigens isolated from over 20 h. alvei strains is overviewed. moreover, the correlation between the structure and immunospecificity of the o antigens is presented and discussed. | 2000 | 10683466 |
| hb ube-2 [alpha68(e17)asn-asp] and hb hafnia [beta116(g18)his-->gln] observed during neonatal screening in brussels. | 2000 | 10722118 | |
| characterization of very dense mineral oxide-gel composites for fluidized-bed adsorption of biomolecules. | efficient design of fluidized-bed biomolecule adsorption from crude feed stock requires particles with elevated density, large adsorption capacity and broad chemical stability. moreover, combinations of small particle diameters with high densities allow for high fluidization velocities while preserving a rapid mass transfer. this approach has been implemented by combining stable porous mineral oxide of high density (2.2, 4.7, 5.7, 9.4 g/ml) with functionalized hydrogels. the cross-linked hydroge ... | 1999 | 10734563 |
| [empyema due to hafnia alvei]. | 2000 | 10736806 | |
| changes in protein composition and hydrolytic enzyme activity of escherichia coli and hafnia alvei grown in human fluids. | growing of escherichia coli and hafnia alvei cells in several cell-free human fluids, such as normal serum, serum from diabetic patients, pleural, ascitic and spinal fluid, revealed that various biochemical changes occurred. protein profile on sds-page as well as acid and alkaline phosphohydrolytic enzymes on native gels of cell extracts were affected after culturing of bacteria in the above fluids. gelatinolytic and hyaluronolytic activity was of interest because both of them are histolytic enz ... | 2000 | 10772159 |
| biochemical-genetic characterization and regulation of expression of an acc-1-like chromosome-borne cephalosporinase from hafnia alvei. | a naturally occurring ampc beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase) gene was cloned from the hafnia alvei 1 clinical isolate and expressed in escherichia coli. the deduced ampc beta-lactamase (acc-2) had a pi of 8 and a relative molecular mass of 37 kda and showed 50 and 47% amino acid identity with the chromosome-encoded ampcs from serratia marcescens and providentia stuartii, respectively. it had 94% amino acid identity with the recently described plasmid-borne cephalosporinase acc-1 from klebsiella ... | 2000 | 10817695 |
| outbreak of klebsiella pneumoniae producing transferable ampc-type beta-lactamase (acc-1) originating from hafnia alvei. | fifty-two strains of klebsiella pneumoniae producing an ampc-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase were isolated from 13 patients in the same intensive care unit between march 1998 and february 1999. these strains were resistant to ceftazidime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, but susceptible to cefoxitin, cefepime and aztreonam. plasmid content and genomic dna restriction pattern analysis suggested dissemination of a single clone. two beta-lactamases were identified, tem-1 and acc-1. we used internal ... | 2000 | 10828397 |
| the capacity of enterobacteriaceae species to produce biogenic amines in cheese. | the amino acid decarboxylating activity and production of biogenic amines by 104 cheese-associated enterobacteriaceae species (58 enterobacter, 18 serratia, eight escherichia, seven hafnia, six arizona, four citrobacter and three klebsiella) were investigated. all strains could decarboxylate at least two amino acids in möller's broth and in niven's medium, and the decarboxylase activity was strain specific. in a laboratory medium containing all free amino acids, all strains could produce more th ... | 2000 | 10972722 |
| soybean vegetable protein (tofu) preserved with high pressure. | tofu is a soybean vegetable protein that asians have long consumed; its intake is increasing in other countries. tofu was purchased at a local shop. the tofu samples were already preserved in plastic bags subjected to vacuum and storage (5 c). tofu samples were subjected to high pressure (hp) of 400 mpa at 5 c for 5, 30, and 45 mm. microbial analysis, sensorial evaluation, and structure were determined. hp treatment in tofu reduces the microbial population. most of the microorganisms found in th ... | 2000 | 11032484 |
| heterogeneity of ampc cephalosporinases of hafnia alvei clinical isolates expressing inducible or constitutive ceftazidime resistance phenotypes. | ten unrelated hafnia alvei clinical isolates were grouped according to either their low-level and inducible cephalosporinase production or their high-level and constitutive cephalosporinase production phenotype. their ampc sequences shared 85 to 100% amino acid identity. the immediate genetic environment of ampc genes was conserved in h. alvei isolates but was different from that found in other ampc-possessing enterobacterial species. | 2000 | 11036059 |
| extraintestinal infection due to hafnia alvei. | the aim of this study was to establish the clinical features of extraintestinal infections caused by hafnia alvei. over a 5-year period (1994-1998), data were collected regarding inpatients (n = 8) with nosocomial (n = 5) or community-acquired (n = 3) infections caused by hafnia alvei. the mean age of the patients was 47 +/- 21 years. three patients had hospital-acquired urinary tract infections. hafnia alvei also caused community-acquired cholangitis, cholecystitis, appendicitis, psoas abscess ... | 2000 | 11057506 |
| structural and serological studies of the related o-specific polysaccharides of proteus vulgaris o21 and proteus mirabilis o48 having oligosaccharide-phosphate repeating units. | the o-specific polysaccharide chains (o-antigens) of the lipopolysaccharides (lpss) of proteus mirabilis o48 and proteus vulgaris o21 were found to have tetrasaccharide and pentasaccharide repeating units, respectively, interlinked by a glycosidic phosphate. polysaccharides and an oligosaccharide were derived from the lpss by various degradation procedures and studied by 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including 2d cosy, tocsy, noesy, h-detected 1h,13c and 1h,31p hmqc experiments. the following rel ... | 2000 | 11082201 |
| structure of the lipopolysaccharide core region of hafnia alvei strains 1185 and 1204. | sugar and methylation analyses using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and nmr spectroscopy proved that the core oligosaccharides of hafnia alvei strains 1185 and 1204 have the following formula: carbohydrate sequence [see text] where kdo = 3-deoxy-oct-2-ulosonic acid and p-petn = diphosphorylethanolamine. the structure shown above is a slight modification of the typical core region of h. alvei lipopolysaccharides. the difference refers to one sugar only: terminal galactose is present in the ... | 2000 | 11086705 |
| [hafnia alvei septicemia revealing pyocholecystitis complicated by liver abscess in an immunocompetent patient]. | 2000 | 11094615 | |
| in vitro activity of gemifloxacin (sb-265805) compared with 14 other antimicrobials against intestinal pathogens. | we studied the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin (sb-265805) and 14 comparator antimicrobials against 288 recent isolates of enteropathogenic bacteria (106 salmonella: spp., 32 hafnia alvei, 22 yersinia enterocolitica, 21 shigella: spp., 16 aeromonas: spp. and 91 campylobacter jejuni). gemifloxacin, the other fluoroquinolones and cefotaxime were very active against all microorganisms tested except for c. jejuni. seventy-seven per cent of isolates of c. jejuni were inhibited by erythromycin < or ... | 2000 | 11102426 |
| lactate dehydrogenase release assay from vero cells to distinguish verotoxin producing escherichia coli from non-verotoxin producing strains. | the vero cell assay presently used for virulence testing of verotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) requires at least 48-96 h where cytotoxicity effects are examined under a microscope. here, a complimentary rapid assay was developed that measures endogenous lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) release from vero or hep-2 cells as an indicator of cytotoxicity. toxin preparations from 24 vtec strains induced 36-89% ldh from vero cells and 15-62% ldh from hep-2 cells in 12-16 h. a verotoxin-positive but enter ... | 2001 | 11118652 |
| the effect of biogenic amine production by single bacterial cultures and metabiosis on cold-smoked salmon. | biogenic amines are important indicators of spoilage in vacuum-packed cold-smoked salmon. it is the aim of this study to identify bacteria responsible for biogenic amine production in cold-smoked salmon. | 2000 | 11123465 |
| [diagnostic value of a novel nutrient medium for isolation and cultivation of pathogens causing enteric yersiniosis and pseudotuberculosis]. | a new nutrient medium for isolation and cultivation of the causative agents of enteric yersiniosis and pseudotuberculosis was found to have advantages over endo medium in its differentiating and inhibiting properties. this medium permitted the easy differentiation of yersinia pseudotuberculosis from y. enterocolitica, as well as from escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. rhinoscleromatis, hafnia, enterobacter and citrobacter by color; from proteus inconstans by swarming. ... | 2000 | 11210625 |
| characterisation of hafnia alvei isolates from human clinical extra-intestinal specimens: haemagglutinins, serum resistance and siderophore synthesis. | extra-intestinal hafnia alvei isolates are rarely considered to be pathogenic. to investigate whether such strains are able to produce virulence factors, a total of 70 clinical h. alvei isolates was compared with clinical extra-intestinal isolates of other members of the enterobacterial tribe klebsiellae (kiebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens). whereas mannose-sensitive haemagglutination (msha) was less common in h. alvei (59%) than in k. pneumoniae (86%) and e. cloaca ... | 2001 | 11232764 |
| [pneumonia caused by hafnia alvei in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus]. | 2001 | 11256254 | |
| structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of hafnia alvei pcm 1196. | an acidic o-specific polysaccharide was isolated from hafnia alvei pcm 1196 lipopolysaccharide and studied by sugar and methylation analyses along with one- and two-dimensional 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including noesy and hmbc experiments. the following structure of the pentasaccharide repeating unit was established: -->4)-alpha-d-galpa-(1-->3)-beta-d-glcpnac-(1-->2)-beta-d-galp-(1-->6)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->6)-alpha-d-glcpnac-(1-->. | 2001 | 11269405 |
| identification and characterization of integron-mediated antibiotic resistance among shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolates. | a total of 50 isolates of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), including 29 o157:h7 and 21 non-o157 stec strains, were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibilities and the presence of class 1 integrons. seventy-eight (n = 39) percent of the isolates exhibited resistance to two or more antimicrobial classes. multiple resistance to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline was most often observed. class 1 integrons were identified among nine stec isolates, including serotypes o157: ... | 2001 | 11282605 |
| [spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by hafnia alvei]. | 2001 | 11333694 | |
| structural and serological studies on hafnia alvei o-specific polysaccharide of alpha-d-mannan type isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of strain pcm 1223. | on the basis of chemical and methylation analyses, one- and two-dimensional (1)h- and (13)c-nmr spectroscopy, including cosy, tocsy, noesy and (1)h, (13)c hsqc experiments, a neutral o-specific polysaccharide isolated from hafnia alvei strain pcm 1223 lipopolysaccharide (lps) was found to be an alpha-mannan composed of pentasaccharide repeating units having the following structure:-->3)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->3)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->2)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->2)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->2)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->. immuno ... | 2001 | 11335142 |
| antibacterial effect of protamine in combination with edta and refrigeration. | the antimicrobial effect of protamine (clupeine) on a range of gram-positive and gram-negative foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria, was evaluated using an agar dilution assay and a broth dilution assay with alamar blue as growth indicator. protamine was tested alone at concentrations from 0 to 10,000 microg/ml, and in combination with edta (0.9 mm). assays were performed at 5 degrees c, 10 degrees c, 18 degrees c and 30 degrees c to test the effect of temperature. minimum inhibitory concen ... | 2001 | 11428574 |
| structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of citrobacter braakii o7a,3b,1c. | the following structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of citrobacter braakii o7a,3b,1c was established using sugar and methylation analyses and nmr spectroscopy, including 2d cosy, tocsy, noesy, and 1h, 13c heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (hsqc) experiments: (struture: see text). the main d-mannan chain of the polysaccharide studied has the same structure as the o-specific polysaccharide of escherichia coli o9, klebsiella pneumoniae o3, and hafnia alvei pcm 1223. | 2001 | 11454340 |
| delayed-onset postoperative endophthalmitis caused by hafnia alvei. | to identify hafnia alvei as an etiological factor of delayed-onset endophthalmitis. | 2001 | 11456025 |
| source and identification of histamine-producing bacteria from fresh and temperature-abused albacore. | histamine-producing bacteria were isolated from fresh and temperature-abused albacore using two different isolation procedures. typically, the bacterial isolates on niven's or modified niven's medium produced negligible or low levels of histamine (<300 ppm) in histamine enumeration broth. the most frequently found species using this approach was hafnia alvei. by prescreening on selective media (eosin methylene blue [emb] agar for enteric bacteria; deman rogosa sharpe agar for lactic acid bacteri ... | 2001 | 11456189 |
| comparative antimicrobial spectrum and activity of bms284756 (t-3811, a desfluoroquinolone) tested against 656 enterobacteriaceae, including preliminary in vitro susceptibility test comparisons and development. | bms284756 (t-3811), a novel des-f(6)-quinolone, was evaluated using isolates of enterobacteriaceae from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program tested by etest (ab biodisk, solna, sweden), reference broth microdilution and disk diffusion (5-microg) methods. ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gemifloxacin and gatifloxacin were also tested by broth microdilution as comparator antimicrobial agents within the same drug class. the 656 isolate collection included species from the genera citrobacter, e ... | 2001 | 11516937 |
| intervening sequences in rrl genes and fragmentation of 23s rrna in genera of the family enterobacteriaceae. | intervening sequences (ivss) in the rrl genes for 23s rrna are transcribed but later removed by rnase iii without religation during rna processing, leading to fragmented rrna. we examined about 240 strains of the family enterobacteriaceae for presence of ivss using pcr. no ivss were detected in strains belonging to escherichia, shigella, enterobacter, erwinia, ewingella, hafnia, kluyvera, morganella, pantoea, or serratia. previously unreported ivss were detected in klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacte ... | 2001 | 11544246 |
| bacteriological quality of aquacultured freshwater fish portions in prepackaged trays stored at 3 degrees c. | fresh trout fillets and salmon slices packed in trays were obtained from two multinational chain supermarkets and evaluated for freshness and bacteriological quality immediately after packaging and during storage at 3 degrees c. initial aerobic counts at 30 and 25 degrees c were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in trout fillets (5.27 +/- 0.57 and 4.87 +/- 0.80 log cfu/g, respectively) than in salmon slices, where levels in excess of 6 log cfu/g were found. in both products, initial enterobacteriac ... | 2001 | 11563518 |
| hafnium germanate from a hydrous hafnium germanium oxide gel. | the gel chemistry of germanium is explored through the formation and composition of a hydrous metal oxide precursor gel used in the preparation of the hfgeo(4) and hfgeo(4):ti x-ray phosphors. the enhanced solubility of hexagonal geo(2) in dilute ammoniacal solutions is exploited to give a convenient and high-yield precipitation. the precursor gel is shown by ft-ir to be a diphasic mixture of hydrous hafnia and an ammonium germanate gel. thermal treatment drives the crystallization of a hafnium- ... | 1998 | 11670345 |
| host and geographical factors influence the thermal niche of enteric bacteria isolated from native australian mammals. | the thermal profiles of 118 bacterial strains, representing six species of the family enterobacteriaceae, isolated from a variety of native australian mammals were determined under in vitro conditions. each of the bacterial species had a unique thermal profile and differed in their minimum or maximum temperature for growth and in their response to changing temperatures. the taxonomic classification of the host from which the bacterial strains were isolated explained a significant amount of the v ... | 2001 | 11742550 |
| the eaea gene is not found in hafnia alvei from patients with diarrhea in aragón, spain. | a total of 102 hafnia alvei clinical strains isolated from different patients with diarrhea has been tested, using polymerase chain reaction and dot-blot hybridization, for the enteropathogenic escherichia coli attaching and effacing a (eaea) gene to establish their role as a causative agent of diarrhea in our environment. none of them was positive for the eaea gene. we cannot consider the eaea gene as the virulence-associated factor implicated in the h. alvei strains isolated from diarrheal fec ... | 2001 | 11770828 |
| a case of acute cholecystitis due to aeromonas sobria and hafnia alvei from northern europe. | 1998 | 11864254 | |
| modification of niven's medium for the enumeration of histamine-forming bacteria and discussion of the parameters associated with its use. | the objective of this study was to improve niven's medium (nm) for the optimized enumeration of histamine-forming bacteria (hfb). the parameters modified related to solidification of the agar at low ph values (ph 5.3 to 5.8), incubation time (24, 48, and 72 h) and temperature (30 and 37 degrees c), number of colonies developed on the plate to allow enumeration of hfb, and color differentiation. strains of hfb, morganella morganii, klebsiella pneumoniae, and hafnia alvei were examined for their a ... | 2002 | 11899055 |
| comparison of fecal coliform agar and violet red bile lactose agar for fecal coliform enumeration in foods. | a 24-h direct plating method for fecal coliform enumeration with a resuscitation step (preincubation for 2 h at 37 +/- 1 degrees c and transfer to 44 +/- 1 degrees c for 22 h) using fecal coliform agar (fca) was compared with the 24-h standardized violet red bile lactose agar (vrbl) method. fca and vrbl have equivalent specificities and sensitivities, except for lactose-positive non-fecal coliforms such as hafnia alvei, which could form typical colonies on fca and vrbl. recovery of cold-stressed ... | 2002 | 11916678 |
| evolution of the gyrb gene and the molecular phylogeny of enterobacteriaceae: a model molecule for molecular systematic studies. | phylogenetic trees showing the evolutionary relatedness of enterobacteriaceae based upon gyrb and 16s rrna genes were compared. congruence among trees of these molecules indicates that the genomes of these species are not completely mosaic and that molecular systematic studies can be carried out. phylogenetic trees based on gyrb sequences appeared to be more reliable at determining relationships among serratia species than trees based on 16s rrna gene sequences. gyrb sequences from serratia spec ... | 2002 | 11931166 |
| [enterobacteria isolated from cockroaches (periplaneta americana) captured in a brazilian hospital]. | to isolate and identify microorganisms from cockroaches that were captured in a public hospital and to test the antimicrobial susceptibility of these microorganisms. | 2002 | 11939120 |
| ion-assisted deposition of moisture-stable hafnium oxide films for ultraviolet applications. | a design-of-experiments statistical approach was taken to determine the optimum ion gun operating parameters for the deposition of moisture-stable, low-absorbing hafnium oxide films by ion-assisted electron-beam evaporation. factors identified as affecting the quality of hafnia films were chamber pressure, deposition rate, ion gun source gas composition, and ion gun current. both oxygen and argon were used as source gases. high and low levels of the factors were chosen on the basis of our experi ... | 2002 | 12064403 |
| the structure of the o-chain of the lipopolysaccharide of a prototypal diarrheagenic strain of hafnia alvei that has characteristics of a new species under the genus escherichia. | the structure of the o-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from a diarrheal strain isolated in bangladesh was studied with sugar, and methylation analysis, nmr spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and partial acid hydrolysis. the strain was first designated as hafnia alvei, but later found to be a possible new species in the genus escherichia. two different polysaccharides were detected, a major and a minor one. the structure of the major polysaccharide is given below, while the structure of the ... | 2002 | 12084070 |
| an analysis of human pathogens found in horse/mule manure along the john muir trail in kings canyon and sequoia and yosemite national parks. | to determine the prevalence of microorganisms that are potentially pathogenic for humans in horse/mule manure along the john muir trail (jmt). | 2002 | 12092962 |
| phenotypic and genotypic properties of the genus hafnia. | the present study characterised 73 hafnia alvei isolates and five escherichia isolates (originally identified as h. alvei) isolated from cases of diarrhoeal disease by the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research branch (icddrb) in bangladesh. based upon the hydrolysis of arbutin and aesculin and the fermentation of salicin and d-arabinose, four distinct biotypes could be recognised among the 73 h. alvei isolates tested; biotype 1 (d-(-)-arabinose-positive only) accounted for 75% of ... | 2002 | 12132774 |
| evolutionary relationship of alw26i, eco31i and esp3i, restriction endonucleases that recognise overlapping sequences. | type ii restriction endonucleases (enases) have served as models for understanding the enzyme-based site-specific cleavage of dna. using the knowledge gained from the available crystal structures, a number of attempts have been made to alter the specificity of enases by mutagenesis. the negative results of these experiments argue that the three-dimensional structure of dna-enase complexes does not provide enough information to enable us to understand the interactions between dna and enases in de ... | 2002 | 12172806 |
| [occurrence of beta-lactamase types esbl and ampc among gram-negative rods isolated from food]. | the aim of the study was to isolate extended spectrum beta-laktamases (esbl) and chromosomal beta-laktamases ampc producing strains from food products. a total of 739 gram-negative bacteria were tested with double disc diffusion method using cefotaxim, ceftasidim and amoxycillin with clavulanic acid. one strain producing esbl and belonging to stenotrophomonas maltophilia was detected from the ice cream (0.14% of all strains). from different food products a total of 14 microorganisms (1.9%) havin ... | 2002 | 12185694 |
| gas formation in ground beef chubs due to hafnia alvei is reduced by multiple applications of antimicrobial interventions to artificially inoculated beef trim stock. | gas-forming microorganisms were isolated from gas-swollen ground beef chubs obtained from a commercial source and were phenotypically identified as hafnia alvei. in in situ experiments, the isolated h. alvei strains produced gas in inoculated irradiation-sterilized ground beef chubs. a five-strain cocktail of h. alvei isolates was inoculated on beef trim. the inoculated beef trim samples were treated with either a water wash (w) at 65 psi for five passes (a pass refers to the application of succ ... | 2002 | 12380755 |