| longitudinal trends in fluoroquinolone resistance among enterobacteriaceae isolates from inpatients and outpatients, 1989-2000: differences in the emergence and epidemiology of resistance across organisms. | we conducted a 12-year study to identify and compare trends in annual prevalence of fluoroquinolone (fq) resistance among enterobacteriaceae isolates obtained from inpatients and outpatients in our health care system. a total of 46,070 clinical enterobacteriaceae isolates underwent susceptibility testing. although there were significant increases in inpatient fq resistance for all enterobacteriaceae, fq resistance trends differed significantly across enterobacteriaceae (p<.001). for isolates obt ... | 2004 | 14986249 |
| kinetics of turnover of cefotaxime by the enterobacter cloacae p99 and gcl beta-lactamases: two free enzyme forms of the p99 beta-lactamase detected by a combination of pre- and post-steady state kinetics. | third-generation cephalosporins bearing oximino side chains are resistant to hydrolysis by class c beta-lactamases such as that from enterobacter cloacae p99. for example, steady state parameters for hydrolysis of cefotaxime by this enzyme are as follows: k(cat) = 0.41 s(-1), k(m) = 17.2 microm, and k(cat)/k(m) = 2.3 x 10(4) s(-1) m(-1). on the other hand, however, the k(i) value for cefotaxime as an inhibitor of cephalothin hydrolysis is 27 nm. the discrepancy between k(m) and k(i) indicated th ... | 2004 | 14992604 |
| evaluation of a new generation of plastic culture bottles with an automated microbial detection system for nine common contaminating organisms found in plt components. | a microbial detection system (bact/alert 3d, biomérieux [formerly organon teknika]) has previously been validated with a variety of bacterial contaminants in plts. the recovery of nine organisms seeded into plts with new plastic culture bottles was studied in comparison to the current glass bottles. the use of plastic instead of glass would be expected to reduce the risk of injury. | 2004 | 14996192 |
| characterization of glycerol trinitrate reductase (nera) and the catalytic role of active-site residues. | glycerol trinitrate reductase (nera) from agrobacterium radiobacter, a member of the old yellow enzyme (oye) family of oxidoreductases, was expressed in and purified from escherichia coli. denaturation of pure enzyme liberated flavin mononucleotide (fmn), and spectra of nera during reduction and reoxidation confirmed its catalytic involvement. binding of fmn to apoenzyme to form the holoenzyme occurred with a dissociation constant of ca. 10(-7) m and with restoration of activity. the nera-depend ... | 2004 | 14996811 |
| a family of brevinin-2 peptides with potent activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa from the skin of the hokkaido frog, rana pirica. | nine peptides displaying varying degrees of antimicrobial activity were extracted from the skin of the hokkaido frog, rana pirica. five structurally related peptides were identified as members of the brevinin-2 family. these peptides were active against reference strains of gram-negative (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae) and gram-positive (staphlococcus aureus) bacteria but displayed relatively low hemolytic activity. the most abundant peptid ... | 2004 | 15003829 |
| analysis of ampc beta-lactamase expression and sequence in biochemically atypical ceftazidime-resistant enterobacteriaceae from paediatric patients. | to analyse the variation of ampc beta-lactamase gene sequence and expression in biochemically atypical enterobacteriaceae isolates, and to identify them definitively. | 2004 | 15014062 |
| kinetic and structural consequences of the leaving group in substrates of a class c beta-lactamase. | the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 is known to catalyze the hydrolysis of certain acyclic (thio)esters. previous experiments have employed thioglycolate, m-hydroxybenzoate, and phenylphosphate leaving groups. the relative effectiveness of these leaving groups has now been quantitatively assessed by employment of a series of compounds with common acyl groups, and found to rank in the order phenylphosphate >m-hydroxybenzoate >thioglycolate. structural models suggest that these ... | 2004 | 15018927 |
| the status of antimicrobial resistance in taiwan among gram-negative pathogens: the taiwan surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (tsar) program, 2000. | in a nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (taiwan surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, tsar), isolates were collected from 21 medical centers and regional hospitals throughout taiwan over a three-month period in 2000 (tsar ii). this report summarizes susceptibility data of 7 common gram-negative bacilli (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and acinetobacter baumannii) in the tsar ii col ... | 2004 | 15023432 |
| [bacterial colonization of chronic wounds. studies on outpatients in a university dermatology clinic with special consideration of orsa]. | in this retrospective investigation, we documented the bacterial colonization of 79 patients with chronic wounds, who had been treated between january 2002 and may 2003 in an outpatient wound healing clinic of a university dermatology program. we isolated 106 facultative pathogenic bacterial strains of which 56 were staphylococcus aureus, 19 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11 escherichia coli, 4 proteus mirabilis, 4 enterobacter cloacae, 2 serratia marcescens, 2 streptococcus group g und 8 further speci ... | 2004 | 15029435 |
| [in process citation]. | the author describes three cases of pirogenic reaction in patients in treatment with hemodialysis: pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacter cloacae were isolated from water of dyalisis machines. he, moreover, analyses different antibacterial decontamination systems | 1995 | 15034312 |
| volatile compounds produced in cheese by enterobacteriaceae strains of dairy origin. | the formation of volatile compounds in fresh cheese by 10 enterobacteriaceae strains of dairy origin (4 hafnia alvei, 2 serratia liquefaciens, 1 enterobacter cloacae, 1 enterobacter sakazakii, and 2 escherichia coli strains) was investigated. small cheeses were made from pasteurized cow's milk separately inoculated with 1-3 x 10(3) cfu/ml of each of the enterobacteriaceae strains, with glucono-8-lactone added to achieve a ph value of 5.2 in the curds. all strains reached counts close to 10(8) cf ... | 2004 | 15035375 |
| growth control of small-colony variants by genetic regulation of the hemin uptake system. | small-colony variants (scvs) are slow-growing variants of human bacterial pathogens. they are associated with chronic persistent infections, and their biochemical identification and antimicrobial treatment are impaired by altered metabolic properties. to contribute to the understanding of scv-mediated infections, we analyzed a clinical scv isolate derived from a chronic prosthetic hip infection. a sequence analysis of housekeeping genes identified an enterobacter hormaechei-like organism. the sc ... | 2004 | 15039350 |
| prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from central nervous system specimens as reported by u.s. hospital laboratories from 2000 to 2002. | bacterial infections of the central nervous system, especially acute infections such as bacterial meningitis require immediate, invariably empiric antibiotic therapy. the widespread emergence of resistance among bacterial species is a cause for concern. current antibacterial susceptibility data among central nervous system (cns) pathogens is important to define current prevalence of resistance. | 2004 | 15043754 |
| cfe-1, a novel plasmid-encoded ampc beta-lactamase with an ampr gene originating from citrobacter freundii. | a clinical isolate of escherichia coli from a patient in japan, isolate ku6400, was found to produce a plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase that conferred resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and cephamycins. resistance arising from production of a beta-lactamase could be transferred by either conjugation or transformation with plasmid pku601 into e. coli ml4947. the substrate and inhibition profiles of this enzyme resembled those of the ampc beta-lactamase. the resistance gene of pku601, wh ... | 2004 | 15047515 |
| comparative activities of doripenem versus isolates, mutants, and transconjugants of enterobacteriaceae and acinetobacter spp. with characterized beta-lactamases. | doripenem (s-4661), a new parenteral carbapenem, was tested against over 250 clinical isolates, mutants, and transconjugants of enterobacteriaceae and acinetobacter spp., selected or derived for their beta-lactamase expression characteristics. imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem were tested as comparators, along with cephalosporins and piperacillin-tazobactam, by using national committee for clinical laboratory standards agar dilution methodology. doripenem mics were from 0.03 to 0.25 microg/ml f ... | 2004 | 15047535 |
| new chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase in enterobacter cloacae. | | 2004 | 15047564 |
| sepsis in burned patients. | a prospective study was conducted from june 2001 to may 2002 at the burns unit of hospital regional da asa norte, brasília, brazil. during the period of the study, 252 patients were treated at the burns unit, 49 (19.4%) developed clinically and microbiologically proven sepsis. twenty-six (53.1%) were males and 23 (46.9%) females with a mean age of 22 years (range one to 89 years) and mean burned body surface area of 37.7 +/- 18.4% (range 7 to 84%). forty-three patients had flame burns, five a sc ... | 2003 | 15049101 |
| sanitary and bacteriological aspects of sewage treatment. | a study into the removal of contamination load and indicator bacteria was carried out in 1992-1996 in the mechanical, biological and chemical waste-water treatment plant wtp in lezany, in the county of reszel, in the province of warmia and mazury in poland. the results of chemical analyses found a high efficiency of removal of carbon compounds, cod (90%) and bod (98%), in the process of purification of household sewage. in addition, a high effectiveness of total nitrogen, on average 71%, and uns ... | 2003 | 15058814 |
| characteristics of nosocomial bacterial meningitis in children. | nosocomial meningitis is uncommon in children. we reviewed the medical records of all children who developed bacterial meningitis at least 72 hours after admission to mackay memorial hospital for the period july 1992 through june 2000. clinical manifestations, predisposing factors, pathogens, and outcomes were analyzed. twenty-two cases of nosocomial meningitis were identified, comprising 9.2% (22/239) of all pediatric cases of bacterial meningitis during the study period. the male-to-female rat ... | 2004 | 15060685 |
| nosocomial pediatric bacteremia: the role of intravenous set contamination in developing countries. | to assess the rate of bacterial contamination of intravenous administration sets at their rubber injection ports and matching infusates. | 2004 | 15061415 |
| role of yidc in folding of polytopic membrane proteins. | yidc of echerichia coli, a member of the conserved alb3/oxa1/yidc family, is postulated to be important for biogenesis of membrane proteins. here, we use as a model the lactose permease (lacy), a membrane transport protein with a known three-dimensional structure, to determine whether yidc plays a role in polytopic membrane protein insertion and/or folding. experiments in vivo and with an in vitro transcription/translation/insertion system demonstrate that yidc is not necessary for insertion per ... | 2004 | 15067017 |
| use of the bd phoenix automated microbiology system for direct identification and susceptibility testing of gram-negative rods from positive blood cultures in a three-phase trial. | the present study describes the use of the automated bactec 9240 blood culture system, the serum separator tube (sst), and the bd phoenix automated microbiology system in combination for the direct identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) of gram-negative rods (gnrs) from positive blood cultures (bcs) without subculture. the study was conducted in three phases: (i) the recovery yield of escherichia coli atcc 25922 was determined with the sst between 0 and 8 h after spiked bc ... | 2004 | 15070990 |
| evaluation of the automated phoenix system for potential routine use in the clinical microbiology laboratory. | a comparative study was designed to evaluate the identification (id) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) performances of the bd phoenix automated microbiology system (becton dickinson diagnostic systems [bd], pont de claix, france). a total of 305 single clinical isolates were collected, and comparisons were made with routine manual methods in use in our microbiology laboratories. the percentages of correct ids were 93.3, 89.4, 91.8, and 85.7% for enterobacteria, nonfermenting gram-ne ... | 2004 | 15071001 |
| development of a multiplex pcr technique for detection and epidemiological typing of salmonella in human clinical samples. | we have developed a multiplex pcr assay for salmonella detection and epidemiological typing. six sets of primers were designed to detect the major salmonella serotypes and phage types in spain. an internal amplification control was designed in order to detect pcr inhibition. the different amplification profiles obtained allowed us to detect salmonella bacteria and to distinguish the clinically prevalent salmonella enterica serotypes enteritidis, typhimurium and subspecies i serotype 4,5,12:i:-. ... | 2004 | 15071035 |
| neonatal bacteremia in a neonatal intensive care unit: analysis of causative organisms and antimicrobial susceptibility. | infections cause significant mortality and morbidity in neonates, especially the premature ones. although there are various antibiotics can be used to combat neonatal infection, resistant strains have subsequently emerged. in an epidemiological survey, we analyzed bacterial isolates and their antibiotic susceptibilities for cases of bacteremia in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) of a teaching hospital. | 2004 | 15077885 |
| reduction in diversity of the colonic mucosa associated bacterial microflora in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. | the intestinal bacterial microflora plays an important role in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). as most of the colonic bacteria cannot be identified by culture techniques, genomic technology can be used for analysis of the composition of the microflora. | 2004 | 15082587 |
| molecular analysis of x-linked chronic granulomatous disease in five unrelated korean patients. | chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) is a fatal genetic disorder in which phagocytes fail to produce antimicrobial superoxide because of nadph oxidase deficiency. molecular defects in cybb gene causing x-linked cgd are responsible for about 70% of all cases. this study was done to confirm genetic defects of cybb gene in five korean patients who were highly suggestive of having cgd by clinical history. we performed initial screening for five unrelated korean patients using single strand conformati ... | 2004 | 15082894 |
| [beta-lactam resistance in aquatic enterobacter cloacae strains using phenotypic and genotypic criteria]. | bacterial resistance by producing of beta-lactamases represents an increasing problem of infections chemotherapy. beta-lactam hydrolyzing activities are detected in virtually all bacteria, from witch enterobacter cloacae produce chromosomal beta-lactamases included in inducible class ampc beta-lactamases. the purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of 7 inducible beta-lactamase-producing enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from aquatic sources (river ... | 2002 | 15085610 |
| efficient cancer therapy with a nanobody-based conjugate. | nanobodies are the smallest fragments of naturally occurring single-domain antibodies that have evolved to be fully functional in the absence of a light chain. nanobodies are strictly monomeric, very stable, and highly soluble entities. we identified a nanobody with subnanomolar affinity for the human tumor-associated carcinoembryonic antigen. this nanobody was conjugated to enterobacter cloacae beta-lactamase, and its site-selective anticancer prodrug activation capacity was evaluated. the conj ... | 2004 | 15087403 |
| [drug-resistance analysis of gram-negative bacilli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in lower respiratory tract infection]. | to analyze occurrence of gram-negative bacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) in patients with lower respiratory tract infection and assess their drug sensitivity to provide evidence for clinical management of lower respiratory tract infection with drug-resistant esbl-producing bacteria. | 2004 | 15090319 |
| [evaluation of relations between plasmids and phage host range among clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae]. | the aim of this study was evaluation the plasmid influence on phage host range of clinical strains of enterobacter cloacae. we found that strains included in restrictive pattern a, displayed reduced host range. such reduced sensitivity make these strains excellent candidates for search restrictive-modification systems. high discriminative efficacy of isolated phages (specific for strains enterobacter cloacae) make them useful tool for phage typing in epidemiological investigations. | 2003 | 15103993 |
| comparative study of the effects of ceftizoxime, piperacillin, and piperacillin-tazobactam concentrations on antibacterial activity and selection of antibiotic-resistant mutants of enterobacter cloacae and bacteroides fragilis in vitro and in vivo in mixed-infection abscesses. | the effects of ceftizoxime (czx), piperacillin (pip), and pip-tazobactam (pt) concentrations on the antibacterial activity and selection of resistant mutants of bacteroides fragilis and enterobacter cloacae were investigated in vitro in a mixed-culture anaerobic time-kill study and in vivo in a mixed-infection abscess model. mixed cultures were incubated for 24 h with 0.125 to 512 micro g of czx per ml or 0.125 to 2,048 micro g of pip or pt per ml. mice were treated every 2 h for 24 h with czx a ... | 2004 | 15105122 |
| peritoneal fluid titer test for peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. | standard microbiological tests (i.e., mic) do not account for the unique factors of peritoneal dialysis (pd)-related peritonitis which can significantly influence treatment response. our goals were to develop a peritoneal fluid titer (pft) test and to conduct a pilot study of its association with clinical outcome. the methodology was developed by using spent dialysate collected from patients with bacterial pd-related peritonitis prior to the initiation of antibiotics. dialysate was processed and ... | 2004 | 15105126 |
| burkholderia cepacia infections associated with intrinsically contaminated ultrasound gel: the role of microbial degradation of parabens. | to describe an outbreak of serious nosocomial burkholderia cepacia infections occurring after transrectal prostate biopsy associated with ultrasound gel intrinsically contaminated with paraben-degrading microorganisms. | 2004 | 15108725 |
| antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative bacilli isolates from inpatients and outpatients at yaounde central hospital, cameroon. | to determine and compare antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogenic bacteria from inpatients and outpatients at a university teaching hospital in yaounde, cameroon. | 2004 | 15109589 |
| the antibacterial innate immune response by the mosquito aedes aegypti is mediated by hemocytes and independent of gram type and pathogenicity. | previous mosquito studies showed that the hemocyte-mediated innate immune response against gram- escherichia coli is phagocytosis, but against gram+ micrococcus sp., is melanization. we examined the immune responses mounted by aedes aegypti towards gram- enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and salmonella typhimurium, and gram+ bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis. using light microscopy, electron microscopy ... | 2004 | 15109959 |
| flavoenzyme-catalyzed redox cycling of hydroxylamino- and amino metabolites of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene: implications for their cytotoxicity. | the toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt), a widespread environmental contaminant, is exerted through its enzymatic redox cycling and/or covalent binding of its reduction products to proteins and dna. in this study, we examined the possibility of another cytotoxicity mechanism of the amino- and hydroxylamino metabolites of tnt, their flavoenzyme-catalyzed redox cycling. the above compounds acted as redox-cycling substrates for single-electron transferring nadph:cytochrome p-450 reductase (p-45 ... | 2004 | 15111126 |
| [bacteria isolated from surgical infections and its susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents--special references to bacteria isolated between april 2002 and march 2003]. | tendency of isolated bacteria from infections in general surgery during the period from april 2002 to march 2003 were investigated in a multicenter study in japan, and the following results were obtained. in this series, 334 strains were isolated from 131 (75.3%) of 174 patients with surgical infections. one hundred and seventy-one strains were isolated from primary infections, and 163 strains were isolated from post-operative infections. from primary infections, anaerobic gram-positive bacteria ... | 2004 | 15116573 |
| gram-negative bacillary meningitis after cranial surgery or trauma in adults. | in order to assess the clinical features, aetiology, treatment and outcome of post-neurosurgical and post-traumatic gram-negative bacillary meningitis (gnbm) we performed a retrospective review of all adult patients admitted to the department of neurosurgery who had gram-negative bacilli cultured from cerebrospinal fluid (csf) following a neurosurgical procedure or traumatic head/spinal injury. during the 12 y of the review 33 patients had csf isolates of gram-negative bacilli that were thought ... | 2004 | 15119359 |
| isolation, characterization, and u(vi)-reducing potential of a facultatively anaerobic, acid-resistant bacterium from low-ph, nitrate- and u(vi)-contaminated subsurface sediment and description of salmonella subterranea sp. nov. | a facultatively anaerobic, acid-resistant bacterium, designated strain frcl, was isolated from a low-ph, nitrate- and u(vi)-contaminated subsurface sediment at site fw-024 at the natural and accelerated bioremediation research field research center in oak ridge, tenn. strain frcl was enriched at ph 4.5 in minimal medium with nitrate as the electron acceptor, hydrogen as the electron donor, and acetate as the carbon source. clones with 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequences identical to the sequence ... | 2004 | 15128557 |
| anaerobic nitrogen-fixing consortia consisting of clostridia isolated from gramineous plants. | we report here the existence of anaerobic nitrogen-fixing consortia (anficos) consisting of n(2)-fixing clostridia and diverse nondiazotrophic bacteria in nonleguminous plants; we found these anficos while attempting to overcome a problem with culturing nitrogen-fixing microbes from various gramineous plants. a major feature of anficos is that n(2) fixation by the anaerobic clostridia is supported by the elimination of oxygen by the accompanying bacteria in the culture. in a few anficos, nondiaz ... | 2004 | 15128572 |
| atomic resolution structures and solution behavior of enzyme-substrate complexes of enterobacter cloacae pb2 pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase. multiple conformational states and implications for the mechanism of nitroaromatic explosive degradation. | the structure of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (petn) reductase in complex with the nitroaromatic substrate picric acid determined previously at 1.55 a resolution indicated additional electron density between the indole ring of residue trp-102 and the nitro group at c-6 of picrate. the data suggested the presence of an unusual bond between substrate and the tryptophan side chain. herein, we have extended the resolution of the petn reductase-picric acid complex to 0.9 a. this high-resolution analy ... | 2004 | 15128738 |
| new real-time pcr assay for rapid detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus directly from specimens containing a mixture of staphylococci. | molecular methods for the rapid identification of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) are generally based on the detection of an s. aureus-specific gene target and the meca gene. however, such methods cannot be applied for the direct detection of mrsa from nonsterile specimens such as nasal samples without the previous isolation, capture, or enrichment of mrsa because these samples often contain both coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons) and s. aureus, either of which can carry ... | 2004 | 15131143 |
| corynebacterium species isolated from bone and joint infections identified by 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. | by the use of 16s rrna gene sequence analysis we identified 28 of 31 corynebacterium spp. isolated from bone and joint infections, including species never before isolated in such infections. phenotypic analysis led to the correct identification of 8 of 31. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis appears to be a good technique for identification of clinical strains of corynebacterium spp. | 2004 | 15131198 |
| validated 5' nuclease pcr assay for rapid identification of the genus brucella. | a real-time, genus-specific 5' nuclease pcr assay for amplification of a 322-bp fragment of the per gene was developed for rapid (<2 h) identification of brucella spp. from agar plates. the assay, including an internal amplification control (116 bp), identified brucella strains (n = 23) and did not detect non-brucella strains (n = 174), indicating its usefulness, particularly for laboratories with stringent quality assurance programs. | 2004 | 15131207 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients in the united states in 2002. | bloodstream infections are associated with significant patient morbidity and mortality. antimicrobial susceptibility patterns should guide the choice of empiric antimicrobial regimens for patients with bacteremia. | 2004 | 15134581 |
| chromophoric spin-labeled beta-lactam antibiotics for endor structural characterization of reaction intermediates of class a and class c beta-lactamases. | the chromophoric spin-label substrate 6-n-[3-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-oxypyrrolin-3-yl)-propen-2-oyl]penicillanic acid (slppen) was synthesized by acylation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid with the acid chloride of 3-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-oxypyrrolinyl)-2-propenoic acid and characterized by physical methods. by application of angle-selected electron nuclear double resonance (endor), we have determined the molecular structure of slppen in solution. slppen exhibited uv absorption properties that allowe ... | 2004 | 15134725 |
| comparison of the double-disk, combined disk, and etest methods for detecting metallo-beta-lactamases in gram-negative bacilli. | three phenotypic methods for detecting metallo-beta-lactamases (mbls) in gram-negative bacilli were tested on 60 mbl producers and 155 mbl nonproducers. the 2-mercaptopropionic acid double-disk potentiation method using ceftazidime and cefepime with and without clavulanate was found to be most sensitive (100%). the combined disk method depends on comparing the zones given by disks containing a beta-lactam with and without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. various drug combinations were tested, an ... | 2004 | 15135493 |
| plasmid-encoded functions compensate for the biological cost of ampc overexpression in a clinical isolate of salmonella typhimurium. | in a previous study with a salmonella typhimurium strain containing cloned ampc-ampr from enterobacter cloacae, it was suggested that ampc expression must be kept at low levels by ampr to maintain normal growth and virulent phenotype. the purpose of this study was to determine whether findings obtained with a laboratory model can be extended to a virulent clinical isolate of s. typhimurium expressing the plasmid-encoded bla(cmy-7). | 2004 | 15140855 |
| relationship between ceftriaxone use and resistance to third-generation cephalosporins among clinical strains of enterobacter cloacae. | to investigate the potential correlation between the use of extended-spectrum cephalosporins (escs) and resistance to this antibiotic class among clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae in a university-affiliated hospital. | 2004 | 15150164 |
| evaluation of a new cefepime-clavulanate esbl etest to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in an enterobacteriaceae strain collection. | in this study, we evaluated the performance of a new esbl etest configuration based on clavulanate synergy with cefepime compared with cefotaxime-clavulanate and ceftazidime-clavulanate esbl etest strips for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) in an enterobacteriaceae strain collection, with special focus on enterobacter spp. | 2004 | 15150168 |
| nosocomial spread of ceftazidime-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing a novel class a beta-lactamase, ges-3, in a neonatal intensive care unit in japan. | klebsiella pneumoniae strain kg525, which showed high-level resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins, was isolated from the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) of a japanese hospital in march 2002. the ceftazidime resistance of strain kg525 was transferable to escherichia coli csh-2 by conjugation. cloning and sequence analysis revealed that production of a novel extended-spectrum class a beta-lactamase (pi 7.0), designated ges-3, which had two amino acid substitutions of m62t and e104k on th ... | 2004 | 15155185 |
| antimicrobial activities of garenoxacin (bms 284756) against asia-pacific region clinical isolates from the sentry program, 1999 to 2001. | between 1999 and 2001, 16,731 isolates from the asia-pacific region were tested in the sentry program for susceptibility to six fluoroquinolones including garenoxacin. garenoxacin was four- to eightfold less active against enterobacteriaceae than ciprofloxacin, although both drugs inhibited similar percentages at 1 microg/ml. garenoxacin was more active against gram-positive species than all other fluoroquinolones except gemifloxacin. for staphylococcus aureus, oxacillin resistance was high in m ... | 2004 | 15155198 |
| salmonella gene rma (rama) and multiple-drug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | mara and its homologue, rama, have been implicated in multidrug resistance (mdr). rama overexpression in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and escherichia coli conferred mdr independently of mara. inactivation of rama did not affect the antibiotic susceptibilities of wild-type s. enterica serovar typhimurium or 15 unrelated clinical mdr isolates. thus, rama overexpression is not a common mdr mechanism in salmonella. | 2004 | 15155237 |
| molecular characterization of a carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase, sfc-1, from serratia fonticola utad54. | an environmental isolate of serratia fonticola resistant to carbapenems contains a gene encoding a class a beta-lactamase with carbapenemase activity. the enzyme was designated sfc-1. the bla(sfc-i) gene is contained in the chromosome of s. fonticola utad54 and is absent from other s. fonticola strains. | 2004 | 15155245 |
| [bact-alert automatized system for blood cultures: 5 vs 7 days of incubation. first argentine multicentre study]. | bact-alert automatized system for blood cultures: 5 vs 7 days of incubation. first argentine multicentre study. between january and december 2001, we analyzed 80,141 blood cultures by the bact-alert system (14,960 fan aerobics, 3,855 fan anaerobic, 11,114 standards aerobics, 11,367 standards anaerobic, 12,054 pediatrics and 26,791 fan pediatrics bottles) and 44.235 series from 27.615 patients at eight hospitals of buenos aires city, one of la plata city and three of the buenos aires province. a ... | 2004 | 15174746 |
| enteric gram-negative bacilli bloodstream infections: 17 years' experience in a neonatal intensive care unit. | to assess the occurrence of enteric gram-negative bacilli (egnb) bloodstream infections (bsi) in a neonatal intensive care setting during a 17-year period in which a consistent antibiotic treatment program was in place. to document infections, outbreaks, or epidemics, emergence of antibiotic resistance, clinical correlates, and outcomes of the most prevalent egnb (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and enterobacter cloacae). | 2004 | 15175611 |
| emergence of enterobacter cloacae as a common pathogen in neonatal units: pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. | in the first week of december 2002, three infants hospitalized in the neonatal department of our hospital had blood cultures positive with enterobacter cloacae. screening cultures and genotyping showed that 10 of 25 screened patients also carried e. cloacae and that nine isolates belonged to the same clone as that responsible for all three bacteraemias. this epidemic cluster was limited to one of the two units of the department. surveillance of both units continued until the end of march 2003; 5 ... | 2004 | 15183241 |
| biotransformation of explosives by the old yellow enzyme family of flavoproteins. | several independent studies of bacterial degradation of nitrate ester explosives have demonstrated the involvement of flavin-dependent oxidoreductases related to the old yellow enzyme (oye) of yeast. some of these enzymes also transform the nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt). in this work, catalytic capabilities of five members of the oye family were compared, with a view to correlating structure and function. the activity profiles of the five enzymes differed substantially; no ... | 2004 | 15184158 |
| quantification of intestinal bacterial populations by real-time pcr with a universal primer set and minor groove binder probes: a global approach to the enteric flora. | the composition of the human intestinal flora is important for the health status of the host. the global composition and the presence of specific pathogens are relevant to the effects of the flora. therefore, accurate quantification of all major bacterial populations of the enteric flora is needed. a taqman real-time pcr-based method for the quantification of 20 dominant bacterial species and groups of the intestinal flora has been established on the basis of 16s ribosomal dna taxonomy. a pcr wi ... | 2004 | 15184435 |
| comparison of the roche lightcycler vana/vanb detection assay and culture for detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci from perianal swabs. | we compared the performance characteristics of a real-time pcr method, the lightcycler vana/vanb detection assay (roche diagnostics corporation, indianapolis, ind.) to that of enterococcosel agar (bbl, sparks, md.) for direct detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) from 894 perianal stool swabs. for 421 of 894 swabs, the result for lightcycler pcr was compared to an enterococcosel plate containing vancomycin at 6 microg/ml; for the remaining 473 swabs, the result for lightcycler pcr ... | 2004 | 15184445 |
| clinical significance and mechanism of gas formation of pyogenic liver abscess due to klebsiella pneumoniae. | we enrolled 22 patients with gas-forming pyogenic liver abscess in a study to assess the mechanism of gas formation. klebsiella pneumoniae was cultured from specimens from all patients. gas and pus samples from abscesses revealed four major components: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen; this implicates mixed acid fermentation of glucose as the mechanism of gas formation. | 2004 | 15184470 |
| in vitro activities of beta-lactam antibiotics alone and in combination with sulbactam against gram-negative bacteria. | the resistance rates of ampicillin/sulbactam 2:1 against imipenem-susceptible and -resistant acinetobacter baumannii were 23.5 and 30%, respectively. ceftazidime/sulbactam combination showed significant reduction of resistant rates against enterobacter cloacae, a. baumannii, esbl klebsiella pneumoniae. mic90 of cefoperazone against e. cloacae, serratia marcescens, a. baumannii and esbl k. pneumoniae were > 128 mg/l. addition of sulbactam enhanced the antimicrobial activities significantly. when ... | 2004 | 15194130 |
| mixed quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (qm/mm) study of the deacylation reaction in a penicillin binding protein (pbp) versus in a class c beta-lactamase. | the origin of the substantial difference in deacylation rates for acyl-enzyme intermediates in penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) and beta-lactamases has remained an unsolved puzzle whose solution is of great importance to understanding bacterial antibiotic resistance. in this work, accurate, large-scale mixed ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (qm/mm) calculations have been used to study the hydrolysis of acyl-enzyme intermediates formed between cephalothin and the dd-peptidase o ... | 2004 | 15198613 |
| clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and treatment outcomes of sars patients. | clinical and laboratory data on severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), particularly on the temporal progression of abnormal laboratory findings, are limited. we conducted a prospective study on the clinical, radiologic, and hematologic findings of sars patients with pneumonia, who were admitted to national taiwan university hospital from march 8 to june 15, 2003. fever was the most frequent initial symptom, followed by cough, myalgia, dyspnea, and diarrhea. twenty-four patients had various un ... | 2004 | 15200814 |
| causative agents of liver abscess in thai hepatitis b carriers. | liver abscess and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection are two significant tropical gastrointestinal disorders. the concurrence between these two disorders yields poor prognosis, which then often leads to the need for intensive care. the aim of this study was to investigate the causal pathogens of liver abscess in hbv carriers. this retrospective case review was conducted on 35 thai hospitalized hbv carriers who had diagnosis of liver abscess. a high rate of amoebic liver abscess in this series (37 ... | 2004 | 15208523 |
| diffuse pneumocephalus caused by neonatal enterobacter cloacae meningitis. | | 2004 | 15210666 |
| rama is an alternate activator of the multidrug resistance cascade in enterobacter aerogenes. | multidrug resistance (mdr) in enterobacter aerogenes can be mediated by induction of mara, which is triggered by certain antibiotics and phenolic compounds. in this study, we identified the gene encoding rama, a 113-amino-acid regulatory protein belonging to the arac-xyls transcriptional activator family, in the enterobacter aerogenes atcc 13048 type strain and in a clinical multiresistant isolate. overexpression of rama induced an mdr phenotype in drug-susceptible escherichia coli jm109 and e. ... | 2004 | 15215103 |
| inhibitor-sensitive ampc beta-lactamase variant produced by an escherichia coli clinical isolate resistant to oxyiminocephalosporins and cephamycins. | escherichia coli hky28, a ceftazidime-resistant strain isolated from a urine specimen in japan, produced an inhibitor-sensitive ampc beta-lactamase variant. the deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme contained a number of substitutions and a tripeptide deletion (gly286-ser287-asp288) compared with the sequence of native ampc of e. coli. when the deletion was reverted by a 9-base insertion at the relevant site of ampc in the clone, the typical inhibitor-resistant phenotype of ampc was restored ... | 2004 | 15215122 |
| evaluation of the uro-quick, a new rapid automated system, for the detection of well-characterized antibiotic-resistant bacteria. | the uro-quick system has been employed to detect antibiotic resistance in genotypically and/or phenotypically well-characterized bacterial species including those that might not be easily identified by routine procedure. in order to achieve full agreement between the antibiotic susceptibility results obtained by the reference method (nccls) and the uro-quick system, the optimal experimental conditions (inoculum size, time of incubation and antibiotic concentration) for each strain to be used by ... | 2004 | 15216942 |
| resistance rates to commonly used antimicrobials among pathogens of both bacteremic and non-bacteremic community-acquired urinary tract infection. | this study examined the distribution of organisms and their antimicrobial resistance in patients admitted due to acute bacteremic and non-bacteremic community-acquired urinary tract infection (uti). during a period of 1 year and 1 month, a total of 201 patients and 253 bacterial isolates were studied. fever higher than 38.5 degrees c was significantly more common in the bacteremic group than the non-bacteremic group (68% vs 48%; p<0.05). escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aerug ... | 2004 | 15221039 |
| a new protocol for the detection of enterobacter sakazakii applied to environmental samples. | enterobacter sakazakii is a motile, peritrichous, gram-negative rod that was previously known as a yellow pigmented enterobacter cloacae. it is documented as a rare cause of outbreaks and sporadic cases of life-threatening neonatal meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis. e. sakazakii has been isolated from milk powder-based formulas, and there is thus a need to investigate whether and where e. sakazakii occurs in these manufacturing environments. for this purpose, a simple detection m ... | 2004 | 15222563 |
| molecular epidemiology of gram-negative bacilli from infected neonates and health care workers' hands in neonatal intensive care units. | we sought to characterize the molecular epidemiology of gram-negative bacilli (gnb) causing infections in infants and associated with carriage on nurses' hands after hand hygiene was performed. from march 2001 to january 2003, gnb caused 192 (34%) of 562 hospital-acquired infections in the 2 participating neonatal intensive care units (nicus) and were isolated from the hands of 45 (38%) of 119 nurses. five species--klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcesc ... | 2004 | 15227612 |
| combination of pcr targeting the vd2 of omp1 and reverse line blot analysis for typing of urogenital chlamydia trachomatis serovars in cervical scrape specimens. | in this study we developed and evaluated a new pcr-based typing assay, directed to the vd2 region of the omp1 gene, for the detection and typing of urogenital chlamydia trachomatis infections. a nested vd2 pcr-reverse line blot (rlb) assay was developed for the typing of nine different urogenital serovars of c. trachomatis. the assay developed was tested with reference strains of c. trachomatis serovars and cervical scrapes of 86 colombian women previously found to be positive for c. trachomatis ... | 2004 | 15243041 |
| evaluation of the hyplex bloodscreen multiplex pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for direct identification of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli from positive blood cultures. | we evaluated the hyplex bloodscreen pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system (bag, lich, germany), a new diagnostic test for the direct identification of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci from positive blood cultures, with 482 positive bactec 9240 blood culture bottles. the test involves amplification of the bacterial dna by multiplex pcr and subsequent hybridization of the pcr product to specific oligonucleotide probes in an elisa-based format. the available probes allow ... | 2004 | 15243074 |
| kirby-bauer disc approximation to detect inducible third-generation cephalosporin resistance in enterobacteriaceae. | resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in enteric gram-negative bacilli may be difficult to detect using standard methods of either kirby-bauer disc diffusion (kbdd) or broth dilution for minimal inhibitory concentration (mic). this difficulty is due to genetic differences in resistance determinants, differences in levels of gene expression, and variation in spectra of enzymatic activity against the substrate beta-lactams used for susceptibility testing. we have examined 95 clinical isolates repo ... | 2004 | 15256000 |
| the global regulator genes from biocontrol strain serratia plymuthica ic1270: cloning, sequencing, and functional studies. | the biocontrol activity of various fluorescent pseudomonads towards plant-pathogenic fungi is dependent upon the gaca/gacs-type two-component system of global regulators and the rpos transcription sigma factor. in particular, these components are required for the production of antifungal antibiotics and exoenzymes. to investigate the effects of these global regulators on the expression of biocontrol factors by plant-associated bacteria other than pseudomonas spp., gaca/gacs and rpos homologues w ... | 2004 | 15262936 |
| validation of bact/alert plastic culture bottles for use in testing of whole-blood-derived leukoreduced platelet-rich-plasma-derived platelets. | bacterial detection of platelet (plt)-rich-plasma (prp)-derived plts presents unique challenges for countries that do not allow pooling before storage. this study validated the bact/alert for use in testing pooled prp-derived plts with nine contaminating organisms. | 2004 | 15265121 |
| an improved pcr primer pair based on 16s rdna for the specific detection of salmonella serovars in food samples. | salmonella serovars are some of the major bacterial pathogens that can cause sporadic cases and outbreaks of foodborne illness. based on the sequence data in the v3 region of the 16s rrna gene, two pcr primer pairs have been designed for the detection of all serovars of salmonella. however, none of these primers were specific for salmonella because complete sequence homology with certain non-salmonella strains has been found within each of them. thus, the specificities of these two primer pairs ... | 2004 | 15270483 |
| in vitro activities of me1036 (cp5609), a novel parenteral carbapenem, against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. | me1036, formerly cp5609, is a novel parenteral carbapenem with a 7-acylated imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-2-yl group directly attached to the carbapenem moiety of the c-2 position. the present study evaluated the in vitro activities of me1036 against clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. me1036 displayed broad activity against aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. unlike other marketed beta-lactam antibiotics, me1036 maintained excellent activity against multiple-dr ... | 2004 | 15273088 |
| dna sequence analysis of regions surrounding blacmy-2 from multiple salmonella plasmid backbones. | the emergence in the united states of resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporin (e.g., ceftriaxone) within the salmonellae has been associated primarily with three large (>100-kb) plasmids (designated types a, b, and c) and one 10.1-kb plasmid (type d) that carry the blacmy-2 gene. in the present study, the distribution of these four known blacmy-2-carrying plasmids among 35 ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella isolates obtained from 1998 to 2001 was examined. twenty-three of these isolates were ... | 2004 | 15273090 |
| molecular characterization of a cephamycin-hydrolyzing and inhibitor-resistant class a beta-lactamase, ges-4, possessing a single g170s substitution in the omega-loop. | the nosocomial spread of six genetically related klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing ges-type beta-lactamases was found in a neonatal intensive care unit, and we previously reported that one of the six strains, strain kg525, produced a new beta-lactamase, ges-3. in the present study, the molecular mechanism of cephamycin resistance observed in strain kg502, one of the six strains described above, was investigated. this strain was found to produce a variant of ges-3, namely, ges-4, which was ... | 2004 | 15273099 |
| cmy-13, a novel inducible cephalosporinase encoded by an escherichia coli plasmid. | an incn plasmid (p541) from escherichia coli carried a citrobacter freundii-derived sequence of 4,252 bp which included an ampc-ampr region and was bound by two directly repeated is26 elements. ampc encoded a novel cephalosporinase (cmy-13) with activity similar to that of cmy-2. ampr was likely functional as indicated in induction experiments. | 2004 | 15273143 |
| thermodynamic evaluation of a covalently bonded transition state analogue inhibitor: inhibition of beta-lactamases by phosphonates. | serine beta-lactamases are inhibited by phosphonate monoesters in a reaction that involves phosphonylation of the active site serine residue. this reaction is much more rapid than the hydrolysis of these inhibitors in solution under the same conditions. the beta-lactamase active site therefore must have the ability to stabilize not only the anionic tetrahedral transition states of the acyl transfer reactions of substrates but also the pentacoordinated transition state(s) of phosphyl transfer rea ... | 2004 | 15274621 |
| culture-independent analysis of fecal enterobacteria in environmental samples by single-cell mrna profiling. | a culture-independent method called mrna profiling has been developed for the analysis of fecal enterobacteria and their physiological status in environmental samples. this taxon-specific approach determines the single-cell content of selected gene transcripts whose abundance is either directly or inversely proportional to growth state. fluorescence in situ hybridization using fluorochrome-labeled oligonucleotide probes was used to measure the cellular concentration of fis and dps mrna. relative ... | 2004 | 15294770 |
| mining the microbiota of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract for conjugated linoleic acid-producing bifidobacteria. | this study was designed to isolate different strains of the genus bifidobacterium from the fecal material of neonates and to assess their ability to produce the cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (cla) isomer from free linoleic acid. fecal material was collected from 24 neonates aged between 3 days and 2 months in a neonatal unit (erinville hospital, cork, ireland). a total of 46 isolates from six neonates were confirmed to be bifidobacterium species based on a combination of the fructose- ... | 2004 | 15294796 |
| predominance and genetic diversity of community- and hospital-acquired ctx-m extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in york, uk. | this study was conducted to detect the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae within the faecal flora of both community- and hospital-based patients in york and to characterize the bla(tem), bla(shv) and bla(ctx-m) genes present in these isolates. | 2004 | 15294889 |
| use of tuf sequences for genus-specific pcr detection and phylogenetic analysis of 28 streptococcal species. | a 761-bp portion of the tuf gene (encoding the elongation factor tu) from 28 clinically relevant streptococcal species was obtained by sequencing amplicons generated using broad-range pcr primers. these tuf sequences were used to select streptococcus-specific pcr primers and to perform phylogenetic analysis. the specificity of the pcr assay was verified using 102 different bacterial species, including the 28 streptococcal species. genomic dna purified from all streptococcal species was efficient ... | 2004 | 15297518 |
| use of dna microarrays for rapid genotyping of tem beta-lactamases that confer resistance. | standard clinical procedures for pathogen resistance identification are laborious and usually require 2 days of cultivation before the resistance can be determined unequivocally. in contrast, clinicians and patients face increasing threats from antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria in terms of their frequencies and levels of resistance. a major class of microbial resistance stems from the occurrence of beta-lactamases, which, if mutated, can cause the severe extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ( ... | 2004 | 15297528 |
| changes in gene expression in canola roots induced by acc-deaminase-containing plant-growth-promoting bacteria. | the technique of rna arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction (rap-pcr) was used to study changes in gene expression over time in canola roots treated with the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase-containing plant-growth-promoting bacterium enterobacter cloacae uw4 and to compare the changes with those in a mutant of e. cloacae uw4 in which the acc deaminase structural gene acds was replaced by homologous recombination with acds with an intentional knockout containing a tetracyc ... | 2004 | 15305607 |
| [epidemiology and drug resistance of the pathogenic microbes in the complicated infection of hematological malignancies]. | to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance profile of the infection in patients with hematological malignancies. | 2004 | 15308008 |
| transcriptional analysis of the acid-inducible asr gene in enterobacteria. | we show here that transcription of the asr gene in escherichia coli, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae is strongly dependent on the acidification level of the growth medium, with maximal induction at ph 4.0-4.5 as determined by northern hybridization analysis. previous gene array analyses have also shown that asr is the most acid-induced gene in the e. coli genome. sequence alignment of the asr promoters from different enterobacterial species ... | 2004 | 15313253 |
| validation of a pcr for diagnosis of typhoid fever and salmonellosis by amplification of the hila gene in clinical samples from colombian patients. | validation of a pcr test to detect hila gene sequences of salmonella spp. was performed in blood and faeces samples from typhoid fever and salmonellosis patients. sensitivity (s), specificity (sp), positive predictive value (ppv) and negative predictive value (npv) of the pcr in blood samples were performed by testing: 37 patients with clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever, 34 of them confirmed by isolation of s. typhi from blood cultures; 35 patients infected with other pathogens corroborated by ... | 2004 | 15314194 |
| trends and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing bloodstream infections among febrile neutropenic adults with hematological malignancy. | the microbiological spectrum in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia has changed over the past several decades in western countries. the growing incidence of antimicrobial resistance is an inevitable consequence of the widespread use of antibiotics in medical settings. the aim of this study was to clarify the trends and antimicrobial resistance among pathogens causing bloodstream infections in febrile neutropenic adults with hematological malignancies. | 2004 | 15318274 |
| evaluation of the purification capacity of nine portable, small-scale water purification devices. | a test was performed to evaluate the microbial and chemical purification capacity of nine portable, small-scale water purification filter devices with production capacity less than 100 l/h. the devices were tested for simultaneous removal capacity of bacteria (cultured escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae), enteric protozoans (formalin-stored cryptosporidium parvum oocysts), viral markers (f-rna bacteriophages) and microcystins produced by tox ... | 2004 | 15318506 |
| sequence-selective recognition of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ges-2 by a competitive, peptide nucleic acid-based multiplex pcr assay. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in pseudomonas aeruginosa, such as ges-2, which compromises the efficacy of imipenem, tend to be geographically restricted. the cc-to-aa base pair substitution at positions 493 and 494 of the bla(ges-2)-coding region distinguishes this esbl from bla(ges-1) and the bla(ibc)-type genes, making it an ideal target for the development of a novel sequence-specific, peptide nucleic acid (pna)-based multiplex pcr detection method. by using two primer pairs in co ... | 2004 | 15328103 |
| effect of ertapenem protein binding on killing of bacteria. | the effect of protein binding on the antimicrobial activity of ertapenem was evaluated using the bacterial kill rate and concentration-response studies. various proportions of human serum were utilized to determine the total and free-drug concentrations using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography assay. the mics and kill curves were determined for test isolates of enterobacter cloacae and staphylococcus aureus at various percentages of human serum. the killing of bacteria was analyz ... | 2004 | 15328106 |
| the mef(a) gene predominates among seven macrolide resistance genes identified in gram-negative strains representing 13 genera, isolated from healthy portuguese children. | of the 176 randomly selected, commensal, gram-negative bacteria isolated from healthy children with low exposure to antibiotics, 138 (78%) carried one or more of the seven macrolide resistance genes tested in this study. these isolates included 79 (91%) isolates from the oral cavity and 59 (66%) isolates from urine samples. the mef(a) gene, coding for an efflux protein, was found in 73 isolates (41%) and was the most frequently carried gene. the mef(a) gene could be transferred from the donors i ... | 2004 | 15328110 |
| cell density-dependent gene contributes to efficient seed colonization by pseudomonas putida kt2440. | we have characterized the expression pattern of a gene, ddca, involved in initial colonization of corn seeds by pseudomonas putida kt2440. the ddca gene codes for a putative membrane polypeptide belonging to a family of conserved proteins of unknown function. members of this family are widespread among prokaryotes and include the products of a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium gene expressed during invasion of macrophages and psie, an escherichia coli phosphate starvation-inducible gene. a ... | 2004 | 15345399 |
| molecular fingerprinting of dairy microbial ecosystems by use of temporal temperature and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. | numerous microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts, and molds, constitute the complex ecosystem present in milk and fermented dairy products. our aim was to describe the bacterial ecosystem of various cheeses that differ by production technology and therefore by their bacterial content. for this purpose, we developed a rapid, semisystematic approach based on genetic profiling by temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis (ttge) for bacteria with low-g+c-content genomes and denaturing gradien ... | 2004 | 15345452 |