| oxidation and phosphorylation of d-galactonate by aerobacter cloacae. | | 1953 | 13107643 |
| the differentiation of aerobacter aerogenes and aerobacter cloacae. | | 1953 | 13117799 |
| a new view of the mechanisms of udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (mura) and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (aroa) derived from x-ray structures of their tetrahedral reaction intermediate states. | udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (mura) and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (aroa) constitute the small enzyme family of enolpyruvyl transferases, which catalyze the chemically unusual reaction of enolpyruvyl transfer. mura catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall; aroa is the sixth enzyme of the shikimate pathway leading to the synthesis of aromatic compounds in numerous microorganisms and plants. because both metabolic pathways are abse ... | 2003 | 13129913 |
| phospho-2-keto-d-gluconate, an intermediate in the carbohydrate metabolism of aerobacter cloacae. | | 1954 | 13140335 |
| flagellation and motility in aerobacter cloacae and escherichia coli. | | 1954 | 13198932 |
| the fats of aerobacter cloacae. | | 1954 | 13208179 |
| electrode potential measurements of fermenting sauerkraut as influenced by aerobacter cloacae. | | 1955 | 13239106 |
| fimbriae and haemagglutinating activity in strains of bacterium cloacae. | | 1956 | 13367987 |
| [variety of cloaca cloacae (jordan) aerobacter cloacae bergey et al., found in the intact bullae of a pemphigoid disease of chronic development: cloaca cloacae var. marocana n.v.; various considerations on the genus cloaca cast. and chalm]. | | 1956 | 13373074 |
| the hexose monophosphate oxidative route in aerobacter cloacae. | | 1957 | 13414715 |
| the conversion of d-glucose to l-fucose by aerobacter cloacae. | | 1958 | 13502418 |
| [a severe septic disease caused by cloaca cloacae]. | | 1958 | 13592203 |
| enhancement of plasmid curing by 9-aminoacridine and two phenothiazines in the presence of proton pump inhibitor 1-(2-benzoxazolyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-propanone. | plasmid-containing bacteria often cause serious therapeutic failure during the treatment of infectious diseases. the selection of resistant-mutant strains and the transfer of mobile genetic determinants (such as plasmids and transposons) of resistance promote increased antibiotic resistance. in the last 30 years the antiplasmid effect of acridine dyes, ethidium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulphate and phenothiazines was described. the main aim of this study was to test the mechanism of the antiplasm ... | 2003 | 13678825 |
| aeromonas hydrophila (pseudomonas hydrophila) nrc 491 and nrc 492 established as aerobacter cloacae. | | 1960 | 13694038 |
| action of penicillin on aerobacter cloacae. | hugo, w. b. (university of nottingham, nottingham, england), and a. d. russell. action of penicillin on aerobacter cloacae. j. bacteriol. 82:411-417. 1961.-a study has been made of the action of penicillin on a penicillinase-producing strain of aerobacter cloacae. it has been found that in culture media rendered hypertonic by the addition of sucrose (0.33 to 0.66 m), provided a source of magnesium ions is present, cell wall lesions occur, giving rise to osmotically fragile spheroplasts. evidence ... | 1961 | 13716667 |
| [failure of hand disinfection in contamination with cloaca cloacae]. | | 1960 | 13740113 |
| [apropos of the treatment of purulent meningites of the newborn; 2 cases followed by recovery, one caused by "aerobacter cloacae", the other by "moraxella glucidolytica", treated with intra-spinal polymyxin]. | | 1959 | 13799766 |
| composition of purified mucopeptide from the wall of aerobacter cloacae. | | 1962 | 13909028 |
| hydrazinolysis of purified mucopeptide from the wall of aerobacter cloacae. | | 1961 | 13909029 |
| [aerobacter cloacae septicemia cured by antibiotic and corticotherapy]. | | 1963 | 13966765 |
| sulphydryl groups essential for the penicillinase activity of aerobacter cloacae. | | 1963 | 13989488 |
| [3 cases of aerobacter cloacae septicemia, the price of hospitalization]. | | 1963 | 13997049 |
| isolation and structure of uridine nucleotide-peptides from aerobacter cloacae nrc 492. | | 1963 | 14013412 |
| aerobacter (enterobacter) cloacae in human and animal feces. | | 1963 | 14044016 |
| [studies on the intermediary metabolism of indoleacetic acid. ii. biochemical analysis of indoleacetic acid production by aerobacter cloacae]. | | 1964 | 14265916 |
| [studies on the intermediary metabolism of indoleacetic acid. 3. separation of an intermediate metabolite, o-formylaminophenacylcarboxylic acid, during indoleacetic acid production by aerobacter cloacae isolated from human excreta]. | | 1964 | 14269020 |
| [effect of the concentration of valine in the culture medium on the nature of aerobacter cloacae no. 28]. | | 1964 | 14296041 |
| 2-keto-d-gluconate-6-phosphate, a new intermediate in the carbohydrate metabolism of aerobacter cloacae. | | 1954 | 14353056 |
| beta-lactamase stability of faropenem. | faropenem (far) is an orally available member of the penem class unique among carbapenems and other available beta-lactams. this study compared far to cephalosporins and imipenem with respect to beta-lactamase (bla) stability and emergence of resistance to staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli. bla stability was studied using enzyme preparations from sonicated/centrifuged 24-hour cultures of e. coli, enterobacter cloacae, proteus vulgaris, providencia rettgeri, klebsiella pneumoniae, s. aur ... | 2003 | 14504433 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of gram-negative bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients in four european countries, canada, and the united states in 2000-2001 to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and comparator antimicrobials: implications for therapy. | access to current antimicrobial agent surveillance data is an important prerequisite for the optimal management of patients with hospital-acquired infections. the present study used data collected in 2000 to 2001 from 670 laboratories in europe (france, germany, italy, and spain), canada, and the united states to report on the in vitro activities of ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and comparative agents against >125,000 isolates of gram-negative bacteria from hospitalized patients. all but two isolates ... | 2003 | 14506014 |
| population pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in pediatric and adolescent patients with acute infections. | the aim of the present study was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in patients with and without cystic fibrosis ranging in age from 1 day to 24 years and to propose a limited sampling strategy to estimate individual pharmacokinetic parameters. patients were divided into four groups according to the treatment schedule. they received ciprofloxacin by intravenous infusion (30 min) or by the oral route. the number of samples collected from each patient ranged from 1 to ... | 2003 | 14506027 |
| the biological activity of antibacterial substance produced by enterobacter cloacae b8. | an antibacterial substance was extracted and purified from the culture of enterobacter cloacae b8 and the antagonistic activities of the extract to 229 clinical pathogen strains was tested by the k-b paper-dish method. the extract of enterobacter cloacae b8 showed strongly antagonistic activity to all 146 tested stains of staphylococcus spp.; the antagonistic diameter was about 18-32 mm, averaging about 26.5 mm; showing especially strong antagonistic activity to all 87 tested strains of methicil ... | 2003 | 14509942 |
| [prostate histopathology of nih category iv prostatitis detected by sextant prostate needle biopsy from the patients with high prostatic specific antigen]. | asymptomatic prostatitis is classified as category iv in nih classification of prostatitis syndrome (1999). no report concerning this category has been present. we investigated this category histopathologically and clinically, in order to clarify the histopathological distribution and its correlation to the clinical features, in this study. among 785 patients who were suspected prostate cancer because of their high prostatic specific antigen (psa) values and to have a sextant prostate needle bio ... | 2003 | 14515754 |
| crystal structure of enterobacter cloacae 908r class c beta-lactamase bound to iodo-acetamido-phenyl boronic acid, a transition-state analogue. | the structures of the class c beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae 908r alone and in complex with a boronic acid transition-state analogue were determined by x-ray crystallography at 2.1 and 2.3 a, respectively. the structure of the enzyme resembles those of other class c beta-lactamases. the structure of the complex with the transition-state analogue, iodo-acetamido-phenyl boronic acid, shows that the inhibitor is covalently bound to the active-site serine (ser64). binding of the inhibitor ... | 2003 | 14521155 |
| anaerobic degradation of flavonoids by clostridium orbiscindens. | an anaerobic, quercetin-degrading bacterium was isolated from human feces and identified as clostridium orbiscindens by comparative 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. the organism was tested for its ability to transform several flavonoids. the isolated c. orbiscindens strain converted quercetin and taxifolin to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; luteolin and eriodictyol to 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid; and apigenin, naringenin, and phloretin to 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, respectively ... | 2003 | 14532034 |
| multiplex real-time pcr method to identify shiga toxin genes stx1 and stx2 and escherichia coli o157:h7/h- serotype. | a multiplex real-time pcr method to simultaneously detect the stx1 and stx2 genes of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli and a unique conserved single-nucleotide polymorphism in the e. coli o157:h7/h- uida gene has been developed. there is more than 98.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity for all three gene targets based on a panel of 138 isolates. the pcr efficiencies were >/= 1.89, and as few as 6 cfu/reaction could be detected. | 2003 | 14532101 |
| algorithm to determine cost savings of targeting antimicrobial therapy based on results of rapid diagnostic testing. | a rapid diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia may allow the earlier use of narrow-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. it is unknown, however, whether rapid diagnostic testing of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) admitted to hospital lowers costs. therefore, an algorithm to calculate the costs associated with the diagnosis and treatment of cap was formulated. subsequently, the algorithm was applied to clinical data for 122 consecutively admitted patients with cap whose sputu ... | 2003 | 14532208 |
| detection of yersinia pestis in sputum by real-time pcr. | a 5' nuclease pcr assay for detection of the yersinia pestis plasminogen activator (pla) gene in human respiratory specimens with simulated y. pestis infection was developed. an internal positive control was added to the reaction mixture in order to detect the presence of pcr inhibitors that are often found in biological samples. the assay was 100% specific for y. pestis. in the absence of inhibitors, a sensitivity of 10(2) cfu/ml of respiratory fluid was obtained. when inhibitors were present, ... | 2003 | 14532247 |
| are infections due to resistant pathogens associated with a worse outcome in critically ill patients? | to evaluate the outcome of critically ill patients infected with antimicrobial resistant microorganisms, and to analyse the factors involved in the development of antimicrobial resistance. | 2003 | 14556755 |
| potential uses of probiotics in clinical practice. | probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. there is now mounting evidence that selected probiotic strains can provide health benefits to their human hosts. numerous clinical trials show that certain strains can improve the outcome of intestinal infections by reducing the duration of diarrhea. further investigations have shown benefits in reducing the recurrence of urogenital infections in women, while promising ... | 2003 | 14557292 |
| [an outbreak of gram-negative bacteremia (gnb), especially enterobacter cloacae, in patients with long-term tunnelled haemodialysis catheters]. | vascular access through a venous catheter for haemodialysis is associated with increased risk of thrombosis, central venous stenosis, short access survival and inadequate dialysis. the most important catheter-related complications, which determine method survival, are infection and dysfunction. in particular, infectious episodes are in some studies the leading cause for untimely catheter removal and for catheter-related morbidity but also for morbidity in dialysis patients. double-lumen central ... | 2003 | 14558333 |
| determination of decimal reduction time (d value) of chemical agents used in hospitals for disinfection purposes. | prior to the selection of disinfectants for low, intermediate and high (sterilizing) levels, the decimal reduction time, d-value, for the most common and persistent bacteria identified at a health care facility should be determined. | 2003 | 14563217 |
| [yearly changes in antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates between 1996 and 2001--ii. gram-negative bacteria]. | the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2001 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems and carbapenems. a total of 3,245 strains in 32 species of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from january to december, and consisted of moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, citrobact ... | 2003 | 14567255 |
| a low molecular weight enterotoxic hemolysin from clinical enterobacter cloacae. | seven of 50 enterobacter cloacae strains from clinical isolates produced small turbid zones of hemolysis in horse and sheep blood agar plates, and the culture supernatants were also positive for hemolytic activity. the hemolysin was partially purified from the culture supernatant of e. cloacae by ultrafiltration (pm-10 membrane) and extraction with acetone. semipurified hemolysin was stable to heating (100 degrees c, 30 min) and was soluble in organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, and methanol). t ... | 2003 | 14569289 |
| cefepime versus imipenem-cilastatin for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care unit patients: a multicenter, evaluator-blind, prospective, randomized study. | in a randomized, evaluator-blind, multicenter trial, we compared cefepime (2 g three times a day) with imipenem-cilastatin (500 mg four times a day) for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in 281 intensive care unit patients from 13 centers in six european countries. of 209 patients eligible for per-protocol analysis of efficacy, favorable clinical responses were achieved in 76 of 108 (70%) patients treated with cefepime and 75 of 101 (74%) patients treated with imipenem-cilastatin. the 95% co ... | 2003 | 14576100 |
| bacteremia in hematological and oncological children with febrile neutropenia: experience in a tertiary medical center in taiwan. | a retrospective study of bacteremia in children with febrile neutropenia admitted to a medical center in taiwan from january 1999 to december 1999 was performed. there were 190 episodes of febrile neutropenia during this period and 46 pathogens were isolated from blood specimens in 38 bacteremic episodes (7 mixed infections). pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.4%), staphylococcus aureus (10.9%), klebsiella pneumoniae (10.9%), and enterobacter cloacae (10.9%) were the most common isolates. three of the 5 ... | 2003 | 14582565 |
| intestinal microflora in early infancy: composition and development. | the neonatal intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem composed of numerous genera, species and strains of bacteria. this enormous cell mass performs a variety of unique activities that affect both the colonic and systemic physiology. its primary activities include nutritive, metabolic, immunological and protective functions. most studies of infants have been based on faecal samples using the classical plating techniques with culturing on specific media. the limitations of these methods must ... | 2003 | 14599042 |
| construction of escherichia coli strains for conversion of nitroacetophenones to ortho-aminophenols. | the predominant bacterial pathway for nitrobenzene (nb) degradation uses an nb nitroreductase and hydroxylaminobenzene (hab) mutase to form the ring-fission substrate ortho-aminophenol. we tested the hypothesis that constructed strains might accumulate the aminophenols from nitroacetophenones and other nitroaromatic compounds. we constructed a recombinant plasmid carrying nb nitroreductase (nbza) and hab mutase a (haba) genes, both from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45, and expressed the enzym ... | 2003 | 14602609 |
| application of an rrna probe matrix for rapid identification of bacteria and fungi from routine blood cultures. | one of the most important functions of the clinical microbiology laboratory is the identification of the etiology of sepsis. for this study, aliquots from 405 positive blood cultures were tested against a unique array of dna probes directed against rrna subsequences of bacteria and fungi for identification. another 280 samples that were negative after 5 days of incubation were also tested. blood culture bottles were incubated in a bact/alert3d instrument. for the rrna assay, a 0.4-ml aliquot was ... | 2003 | 14605149 |
| a simple method for semi-preparative-scale production and recovery of enterocin as-48 derived from enterococcus faecalis subsp. liquefaciens a-48-32. | production of enterocin as-48 by enterococcus faecalis a-48-32 was compared between standard and high-cell density batch fermentations. in high-cell density cultures, bacteriocin production was 2.47-fold higher, provided that the ph was controlled during the fermentation. a two-step procedure for recovery of milligram quantities of purified bacteriocin was developed, based on adsorption of the bacteriocin on carboxymethyl sephadex cm-25 followed by reversed-phase chromatography on a semi-prepara ... | 2003 | 14607403 |
| evaluation of parameters affecting quantitative detection of escherichia coli o157 in enriched water samples using immunomagnetic electrochemiluminescence. | we report here the use of immunomagnetic (im) electrochemiluminescence (ecl) for quantitative detection of esherichia coli o157:h7 in water samples following enrichment in minimal lactose broth (mlb). im beads prepared in-house with four commercial anti-o157 monoclonal antibodies were compared for efficiency of cell capture. im-ecl responses for e. coli o157:h7 (strain sea13b88) were similar for all four commercial anti-o157 lps monoclonal antibodies. the ecl signal was linearly correlated with ... | 2003 | 14607414 |
| a new alginate-based rapid method for determining coliforms in milk. | a new rapid method for monitoring coliforms was developed on the basis of the instant gelling effects of alginate and calcium. the effectiveness of this new method in the detection of coliforms was evaluated. tests involving escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, total coliforms in milk, cold-injured coliforms, and total coliforms in raw milk were carried out. the bacterial samples were diluted in 0.2% peptone water containing 90 mm cacl2 and added into test tubes contain ... | 2003 | 14627297 |
| confirmation of escherichia coli and its distinction from klebsiella species by gas and indole formation at 44 and 44.5 degrees c. | in the enumeration of coliform bacteria, confirmation of escherichia coli has been based upon gas and indole production at the elevated incubation temperature. the test for gas production has recently been questioned. the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of gas production test on the reliability of confirmation of e. coli. | 2003 | 14632997 |
| antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacilli isolated from infant formulas. | a total of 90 samples of infant formula (if) were collected from the lactary of a teaching hospital, during a 4-month period from july to august 1999. the sanitary conditions of the formulas were analyzed, and a physiological characterization of gram-negative bacillus isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed. colony counts were considered to be unacceptable for the majority of the if samples and the contamination rates were related to inadequate handling. coliforms (35 de ... | 2003 | 14638421 |
| selenate reduction by enterobacter cloacae sld1a-1 is catalysed by a molybdenum-dependent membrane-bound enzyme that is distinct from the membrane-bound nitrate reductase. | enterobacter cloacae sld1a-1 is capable of reducing selenium oxyanions to elemental selenium under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. in this study the enzyme that catalyses the initial reduction of selenate (seo4(2-)) to selenite (seo3(2-)) has been localised to isolated cytoplasmic membrane fractions. experiments with intact cells have shown that the putative selenate reductase can accept electrons more readily from membrane-impermeable methyl viologen than membrane-permeable benzyl violog ... | 2003 | 14638434 |
| carbapenem-resistant strain of klebsiella oxytoca harboring carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase kpc-2. | we investigated a klebsiella oxytoca isolate demonstrating resistance to imipenem, meropenem, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and aztreonam. the mics of both imipenem and meropenem were 32 microg/ml. the beta-lactamase activity against imipenem and meropenem was inhibited in the presence of clavulanic acid. isoelectric focusing studies demonstrated five beta-lactamases with pis of 8.2 (shv-46), 6.7 (kpc-2), 6.5 (unknown), 6.4 (probable oxy-2), and 5.4 (tem-1). the presence of the bla(shv) and ... | 2003 | 14638498 |
| prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacter cloacae in the asia-pacific region: results from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program, 1998 to 2001. | enterobacter cloacae strains from hospitalized patients with a range of infections were collected by 17 laboratories in the asia-pacific region and south africa. isolates for which ceftriaxone mics were above 1 microg/ml and/or ceftazidime mics were above 2 microg/ml, as well as 46 strains for which ceftriaxone and/or ceftazidime mics were at or below these values, were screened for levels of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) production through the use of broth microdilution for the detect ... | 2003 | 14638518 |
| a molecular phylogeny of enteric bacteria and implications for a bacterial species concept. | a molecular phylogeny for seven taxa of enteric bacteria (citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, hafnia alvei, klebsiella oxytoca, klebsiella pneumoniae, and serratia plymuthica) was made from multiple isolates per taxa taken from a collection of environmental enteric bacteria. sequences from five housekeeping genes (gapa, groel, gyra, ompa, and pgi) and the 16s rrna gene were used to infer individual gene trees and were concatenated to infer a composite molecular phylogen ... | 2003 | 14640415 |
| novel mechanism of inhibiting beta-lactamases by sulfonylation using beta-sultams. | beta-sultams are the sulfonyl analogues of beta-lactams and n-acyl beta-sultams are novel inactivators of the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99. the rates of inactivation show a similar ph-rate dependence as that exhibited by the beta-lactam antibiotics and with esims data it is suggested that beta-sultams sulfonylate the active site serine residue to form a sulfonate ester. | 2003 | 14643353 |
| [infective pathogens and drug resistance in burned patients]. | to find out the changes in the infective pathogens and their drug resistance in burned patients. | 2003 | 14653131 |
| transduction of porcine enteropathogenic escherichia coli with a derivative of a shiga toxin 2-encoding bacteriophage in a porcine ligated ileal loop system. | in this study, we have investigated the ability of detoxified shiga toxin (stx)-converting bacteriophages phi3538 (deltastx(2)::cat) (h. schmidt et al., appl. environ. microbiol. 65:3855-3861, 1999) and h-19b::tn10d-bla (d. w. acheson et al., infect. immun. 66:4496-4498, 1998) to lysogenize enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) strains in vivo. we were able to transduce the porcine epec strain 1390 (o45) with phi3538 (deltastx(2)::cat) in porcine ligated ileal loops but not the human epec pro ... | 2003 | 14660372 |
| a double application approach to ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis. | to investigate if a second drop of 2.5% povidone-iodine ophthalmic solution placed within the first postnatal day would achieve better prophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum than a single drop applied at birth. | 2003 | 14660449 |
| hydrolysis of third-generation cephalosporins by class c beta-lactamases. structures of a transition state analog of cefotoxamine in wild-type and extended spectrum enzymes. | bacterial resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins is an issue of great concern in current antibiotic therapeutics. an important source of this resistance is from production of extended-spectrum (es) beta-lactamases by bacteria. the enterobacter cloacae gc1 enzyme is an example of a class c es beta-lactamase. unlike wild-type (wt) forms, such as the e. cloacae p99 and citrobacter freundii enzymes, the es gc1 beta-lactamase is able to rapidly hydrolyze third-generation cephalosporins suc ... | 2004 | 14660590 |
| pcr typing of genetic determinants for metallo-beta-lactamases and integrases carried by gram-negative bacteria isolated in japan, with focus on the class 3 integron. | from january 2001 to december 2002, 587 strains of gram-negative bacterial isolates demonstrating resistance to ceftazidime and a combination of sulbactam and cefoperazone were subjected to a disk diffusion screening test using sodium mercaptoacetic acid; 431 strains (73.4%) appeared to produce metallo-beta-lactamase (mbl). of these 431 strains, 357 were found by pcr to carry genes for imp-1 type mbl (bla(imp-1)), while only 7 and 67 strains carried the imp-2 gene (bla(imp-2)) and the vim-2 gene ... | 2003 | 14662918 |
| culture-independent identification of pathogenic bacteria and polymicrobial infections in the genitourinary tract of renal transplant recipients. | renal transplant recipients are predisposed to urinary tract infections caused by both common uropathogens and opportunistic bacteria resulting frequently in significant polymicrobial infections. in this study, a culture-independent 16s rrna-based approach was established to identify unusual, fastidious, or anaerobic bacteria and to investigate bacterial diversity in urinary tract specimens. similarly sized amplicons encompassing the v6 to v8 region of the 16s rrna were analyzed with denaturing ... | 2003 | 14662931 |
| nosocomial outbreak of infections by proteus mirabilis that produces extended-spectrum ctx-m-2 type beta-lactamase. | nineteen multidrug-resistant proteus mirabilis strains were isolated from 19 patients suffering from infections probably caused by p. mirabilis. these strains were recovered from urine or other urogenital specimens of 16 inpatients and three outpatients with a hospitalization history in a urology ward of funabashi medical center, from july 2001 to august 2002. these strains demonstrated resistance to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefpodoxime, and aztreonam, while they were highly susceptible to cefta ... | 2003 | 14662935 |
| exposure to bioaerosols in a municipal sewage treatment plant. | microbiological air sampling was performed in a medium-size sewage treatment plant processing municipal wastewater from a city located in eastern poland. air samples for determination of the concentrations of viable mesophilic bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, thermophilic actinomycetes, fungi and endotoxin were collected at 12 sites associated with various phases of sewage treatment process. the concentrations of total mesophilic bacteria (both gram-positive and gram-negative) were within a ran ... | 2003 | 14677919 |
| inactivation of ompx causes increased interactions of type 1 fimbriated escherichia coli with abiotic surfaces. | during the initial steps of biofilm formation, bacteria have to adapt to a major change in their environment. the adhesion-induced phenotypic changes in a type 1 fimbriated escherichia coli strain included reductions in the levels of several outer membrane proteins, one of which was identified as ompx. here, the phenotypes of mutant strains that differ at the ompx locus were studied with regard to adhesion, cell surface properties, and resistance to stress and antimicrobial compounds. the kineti ... | 2004 | 14679242 |
| [post-marketing surveillance of antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates--ii. gram-negative bacteria]. | as a post-marketing surveillance, the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, carbapenems, monobactams, and penicillins. changes in czop susceptibility among bacteria were also evaluated with the bacterial resistance ratio calculated from the breakpoint mic. twenty-five species (4,154 strains) of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical ... | 2003 | 14692381 |
| an in vitro study of the anti-microbial efficacy of a 1% silver sulphadiazine and 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate cream, 1% silver sulphadiazine cream and a silver coated dressing. | burn sepsis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with major burns. the use of topical anti-microbial agents has helped improve the survival in these patients. there are a number of anti-microbials available, one of which, silvazine (1% silver sulphadiazine (ssd) and 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate), is used only in australasia. no study, in vitro or clinical, had compared silvazine with the new dressing acticoat. this study compared the anti-microbial activity of silvazine, a ... | 2004 | 14693084 |
| in vitro activities of the novel cephalosporin lb 11058 against multidrug-resistant staphylococci and streptococci. | lb 11058 is a novel parenteral cephalosporin with a c-3 pyrimidinyl-substituted vinyl sulfide group and a c-7 2-amino-5-chloro-1,3-thiazole group. this study evaluated the in vitro activity and spectrum of lb 11058 against 1,245 recent clinical isolates, including a subset of gram-positive strains with specific resistant phenotypes. lb 11058 was very active against streptococcus pneumoniae. the novel cephalosporin was 8- to 16-fold more potent than ceftriaxone, cefepime, or amoxicillin-clavulana ... | 2004 | 14693518 |
| microbiological contamination of enteral feeding solutions used in costa rican hospitals. | enteral feeding is the most common and preferred modality for providing nutritional support to hospital patients with a functional gastrointestinal tract that can not satisfy their nutritional requirements. nevertheless, enteral feeding may be an important cause of bacterial infection. the aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial contamination level of enteral feedings distributed in costa rican hospitals. a total of 124 samples of enteral feeding, coming from five different hospitals fro ... | 2003 | 14694811 |
| structural and spectral features of selenium nanospheres produced by se-respiring bacteria. | certain anaerobic bacteria respire toxic selenium oxyanions and in doing so produce extracellular accumulations of elemental selenium [se(0)]. we examined three physiologically and phylogenetically diverse species of selenate- and selenite-respiring bacteria, sulfurospirillum barnesii, bacillus selenitireducens, and selenihalanaerobacter shriftii, for the occurrence of this phenomenon. when grown with selenium oxyanions as the electron acceptor, all of these organisms formed extracellular granul ... | 2004 | 14711625 |
| rapid and specific detection of salmonella spp. in animal feed samples by pcr after culture enrichment. | a pcr procedure has been developed for routine analysis of viable salmonella spp. in feed samples. the objective was to develop a simple pcr-compatible enrichment procedure to enable dna amplification without any sample pretreatment such as dna extraction or cell lysis. pcr inhibition by 14 different feed samples and natural background flora was circumvented by the use of the dna polymerase tth. this dna polymerase was found to exhibit a high level of resistance to pcr inhibitors present in thes ... | 2004 | 14711627 |
| analysis of the gyra gene of clinical yersinia ruckeri isolates with reduced susceptibility to quinolones. | antimicrobial susceptibility of seven clinical strains of yersinia ruckeri representative of those isolated between 1994 and 2002 from a fish farm with endemic enteric redmouth disease was studied. all isolates displayed indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis restriction patterns, indicating that they represented a single strain. however, considering both inhibition zone diameters (izd) and mics, the isolates recovered in 2001-2002 formed a separate cluster with lower levels of susce ... | 2004 | 14711693 |
| comparison in a rat thigh abscess model of imipenem, meropenem and cefoperazone-sulbactam against acinetobacter baumannii strains in terms of bactericidal efficacy and resistance selection. | we compared imipenem, meropenem and cefoperazone-sulbactam against hospital originated a. baumannii strains in terms of bactericidal efficacy and selection of resistant mutants during treatment in a rat thigh abscess model. | 2004 | 14713318 |
| identification and susceptibility testing of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa by direct inoculation from positive bactec blood culture bottles into vitek 2. | inoculation of an automated system for rapid identification (id) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) directly from positive blood culture bottles will reduce the turnaround time of laboratory diagnosis of septicemic patients, which benefits clinical outcome and decreases patient costs. direct test results, however, must always be confirmed by testing a pure overnight culture, which is the "gold standard." we studied the accuracy of direct testing versus repeat testing in order to inve ... | 2004 | 14715724 |
| practical bench comparison of bbl chromagar orientation and standard two-plate media for urine cultures. | a total of 1023 urine samples sent for routine culture were plated onto sheep blood and macconkey agars and a bbl chromagar orientation (co; becton dickinson, cockeysville, md.) plate, and the results were compared. of these, 250 urine samples (24%) grew >10000 cfu of one or two putative pathogens/ml and 773 showed no growth (ng), mixed growth of <10000 cfu/ml, or three or more strains (mixed). the co and conventional medium results agreed completely for 595 cultures with ng or <10000 cfu/ml. an ... | 2004 | 14715732 |
| utility of nccls guidelines for identifying extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in non-escherichia coli and non-klebsiella spp. of enterobacteriaceae. | nccls screening and confirmation methods for detecting extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) apply only to escherichia coli and klebsiella spp., yet esbls have been found in other members of the family enterobacteriaceae. we evaluated the effectiveness of nccls methods for detecting esbls in 690 gram-negative isolates of enterobacteriaceae that excluded e. coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and klebsiella oxytoca. isolates were collected between january 1996 and june 1999 from 53 u.s. hospitals pa ... | 2004 | 14715768 |
| a novel integrative and conjugative element (ice) of escherichia coli: the putative progenitor of the yersinia high-pathogenicity island. | diversification of bacterial species and pathotypes is largely caused by horizontal transfer of diverse dna elements such as plasmids, phages and genomic islands (e.g. pathogenicity islands, pais). a pai called high-pathogenicity island (hpi) carrying genes involved in siderophore-mediated iron acquisition (yersiniabactin system) has previously been identified in yersinia pestis, y. pseudotuberculosis and y. enterocolitica ib strains, and has been characterized as an essential virulence factor i ... | 2004 | 14731283 |
| pharmacodynamics of meropenem and imipenem against enterobacteriaceae, acinetobacter baumannii, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | to compare the pharmacodynamics of meropenem and imipenem, both administered as 500 mg every 6 hours, against populations of enterobacteriaceae, acinetobacter baumannii, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 2004 | 14740783 |
| replacement of broad-spectrum cephalosporins by piperacillin-tazobactam: impact on sustained high rates of bacterial resistance. | we have previously observed a significant reduction of ceftriaxone resistance in proteus mirabilis associated with an increase in the use of cefepime, along with a decrease in the consumption of broad-spectrum cephalosporins (cep). however, we did not observe such a reduction with klebsiella pneumoniae. therefore, we sought to determine whether replacement of cep by piperacillin-tazobactam might be useful in reducing sustained high rates of cep resistance by this organism. we used a 6-month "bef ... | 2004 | 14742186 |
| mechanism of action of nb2001 and nb2030, novel antibacterial agents activated by beta-lactamases. | two potent antibacterial agents designed to undergo enzyme-catalyzed therapeutic activation were evaluated for their mechanisms of action. the compounds, nb2001 and nb2030, contain a cephalosporin with a thienyl (nb2001) or a tetrazole (nb2030) ring at the c-7 position and are linked to the antibacterial triclosan at the c-3 position. the compounds exploit beta-lactamases to release triclosan through hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring. like cephalothin, nb2001 and nb2030 were hydrolyzed by class ... | 2004 | 14742198 |
| emergence in klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates of the vim-4 metallo-beta-lactamase encoded by a conjugative plasmid. | resistance to carbapenems is an emerging problem among gram-negative hospital pathogens. a transferable plasmid encoding the vim-4 metallo-beta-lactamase was detected in isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae obtained from a single patient under carbapenem therapy. thus, enterobacteria appear to increasingly contribute to the spread of vim-type enzymes. | 2004 | 14742229 |
| parasite-specific immune response in adult drosophila melanogaster: a genomic study. | insects of the order diptera are vectors for parasitic diseases such as malaria, sleeping sickness and leishmania. in the search for genes encoding proteins involved in the antiparasitic response, we have used the protozoan parasite octosporea muscaedomesticae for oral infections of adult drosophila melanogaster. to identify parasite-specific response molecules, other flies were exposed to virus, bacteria or fungi in parallel. analysis of gene expression patterns after 24 h of microbial challeng ... | 2004 | 14749722 |
| diversity of chromosomal ampc beta-lactamases from enterobacter cloacae isolates in a portuguese hospital. | six clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae isolated in a portuguese hospital, between april 1999 and november 2000, demonstrated resistance to almost all broad-spectrum cephalosporins, except to cefepime. these isolates were susceptible to quinolones and to aminoglycosides. isoelectric focusing demonstrated production of beta-lactamases with pis > 8.0 and by all six isolates, exhibiting a cephalosporinase phenotype. the results of pulsed field gel electrophoresis revealed that these isolates ... | 2004 | 14757240 |
| integrons as tools for epidemiological studies. | the integron content of gram-negative strains implicated in three distinct episodes of suspected cross-infection among inpatients was investigated and compared with ribotyping. in the first episode, ribotyping identified a strain of acinetobacter, isolated over a 3-month period, responsible for an outbreak associated with the use of mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (icu). the second episode concerned simultaneous isolations of pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens from ... | 2004 | 14759241 |
| in vitro activity of bal9141 against clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria. | the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of bal9141 against 150 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria were determined and compared to those of cefepime and ceftriaxone. bal9141 exhibited comparable activity to cefepime and ceftriaxone against haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella pneumoniae, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase nonproducing enterobacter cloacae, and comparable activity to cefepime against pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 2004 | 14761726 |
| detection and differentiation of in vitro-spiked bacteria by real-time pcr and melting-curve analysis. | we introduce a consensus real-time pcr protocol for the detection of bacterial dna from laboratory-prepared specimens such as water, urine, and plasma. this prototype detection system enables an exact gram stain classification and, in particular, screening for specific species of 17 intensive care unit-relevant bacteria by means of fluorescence hybridization probes and melting-curve analysis in a one-run experiment. one strain of every species was tested at a final density of 10(6) cfu/ml. all b ... | 2004 | 14766809 |
| multicenter evaluation of the performance characteristics of the bayer versant hcv rna 3.0 assay (bdna). | in this multicenter evaluation, the versant hcv rna 3.0 assay (bdna) (bayer diagnostics, tarrytown, n.y.) was shown to have excellent reproducibility, linearity, and analytical sensitivity across specimen collection matrices (serum, edta, acd-a), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) genotypes 1 to 6. the versant hcv bdna assay has a reportable range of 615 to 7690000 (7.69 x 10(6)) iu/ml. the total coefficient of variation (cv) ranged from 32.4% at 615 iu/ml to 17% at 6.8 x 10(6) iu/ml. the assay was lin ... | 2004 | 14766817 |
| increasing prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium, expanded-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae, and imipenem-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa in korea: konsar study in 2001. | the 5th year konsar surveillance in 2001 was based on routine test data at 30 participating hospitals. it was of particular interest to find a trend in the resistances of enterococci to vancomycin, of enterobacteriaceae to the 3rd generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone, and of pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacters to carbapenem. resistance rates of gram-positive cocci were: 70% of staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin; 88% and 16% of enterococcus faecium to ampicillin and vancomycin, resp ... | 2004 | 14966334 |
| oral bacterial flora of dogs with and without rabies: a preliminary study in thailand. | the authors studied the bacterial flora of the dog oral cavity and of bite wounds, aerobic bacteria were isolated from mouth swabs of 16 normal and 5 rabid dogs as well as from infected dog-bite wounds from 18 patients. a total of 20 different microbial species were recovered from mouth swab cultures. the most frequently isolated organisms were klebsiella pneumoniae ssp pneumoniae, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, a ... | 2003 | 14971525 |
| capsule shields the function of short bacterial adhesins. | bacterial surface structures such as capsules and adhesins are generally regarded as important virulence factors. here we demonstrate that capsules block the function of the self-recognizing protein antigen 43 through physical shielding. the phenomenon is not restricted to escherichia coli but can occur in other gram-negative bacteria. likewise, we show that other short adhesins exemplified by the aida-i protein are blocked by the presence of a capsule. the results support the notion that capsul ... | 2004 | 14973035 |
| bacterial volatiles induce systemic resistance in arabidopsis. | plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, in association with plant roots, can trigger induced systemic resistance (isr). considering that low-molecular weight volatile hormone analogues such as methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate can trigger defense responses in plants, we examined whether volatile organic compounds (vocs) associated with rhizobacteria can initiate isr. in arabidopsis seedlings exposed to bacterial volatile blends from bacillus subtilis gb03 and bacillus amyloliquefaciens in937a ... | 2004 | 14976231 |
| resistance to cefepime and cefpirome due to a 4-amino-acid deletion in the chromosome-encoded ampc beta-lactamase of a serratia marcescens clinical isolate. | a multiresistant serratia marcescens strain, hd, isolated from a patient with a urinary tract infection, was resistant to amino-, carboxy-, and ureidopenicillins, ceftazidime, and cefepime and was susceptible to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, according to the guidelines of the nccls. no synergy was found between expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and clavulanic acid, according to the double-disk synergy test. the bla(ampc) gene of the strain was amplified by pcr and cloned into escherichia coli dh10b ... | 2004 | 14982755 |
| fluorescence detection-based functional assay for high-throughput screening for mray. | we have developed a novel assay specific to mray, which catalyzes the first membrane step in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. this was accomplished by using udp-murnac-n(epsilon)-dansylpentapeptide, a fluorescent derivative of the mray nucleotide substrate, and a partially purified preparation of mray solubilized from membranes of an escherichia coli overproducing strain. two versions of the assay were developed, one consisting of the high-pressure liquid chromatography sep ... | 2004 | 14982781 |
| novel chromosomally encoded multidrug efflux transporter mdea in staphylococcus aureus. | antibiotic efflux is an important mechanism of resistance in pathogenic bacteria. here we describe the identification and characterization of a novel chromosomally encoded multidrug resistance efflux protein in staphylococcus aureus, mdea (multidrug efflux a). mdea was identified from screening an s. aureus open reading frame expression library for resistance to antibiotic compounds. when overexpressed, mdea confers resistance on s. aureus to a range of quaternary ammonium compounds and antibiot ... | 2004 | 14982783 |
| selection during cefepime treatment of a new cephalosporinase variant with extended-spectrum resistance to cefepime in an enterobacter aerogenes clinical isolate. | enterobacter aerogenes resistant to cefepime (mic, 32 microg/ml) was isolated from a patient treated with cefepime for an infection caused by a strain of e. aerogenes overproducing its ampc beta-lactamase (mic of cefepime, 0.5 microg/ml). the ampc beta-lactamase of the resistant strain had an l-293-p amino acid substitution and a high k(cat)/k(m) ratio for cefepime. both of these modifications were necessary for resistance to cefepime. | 2004 | 14982805 |
| synergistic activities of moxifloxacin combined with piperacillin-tazobactam or cefepime against klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, and acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. | the bactericidal activity of moxifloxacin alone and in combination with cefepime or piperacillin-tazobactam against clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, and acinetobacter baumannii was evaluated by using time-kill methods and antimicrobial concentrations of one-half and one times the mic. synergy was observed in 58 to 88% of the strains and resulted in bactericidal activity against 60 to 100% of the strains. combinations including moxifloxacin demonstrated enhanced b ... | 2004 | 14982809 |
| first class a carbapenemase isolated from enterobacteriaceae in argentina. | | 2004 | 14982814 |