| an improved enrichment broth for isolation of escherichia coli o157, with specific reference to starved cells, from radish sprouts. | an enrichment broth was developed for the efficient isolation of escherichia coli o157 from radish sprouts. the broth was buffered peptone water containing 0.5% sodium thioglycolate (stg-bpw), which was designed to allow growth of e. coli o157 in starved and unstarved states. however, this medium suppressed the growth of non-carbohydrate-fermenting obligate aerobes whose colonial appearance on sorbitol macconkey agar containing cefixime and tellurite (ct-smac) resembled that of e. coli o157. bot ... | 2003 | 12620883 |
| [in vitro antibacterial activity of prulifloxacin, a new oral fluoroquinolone]. | we compared antibacterial activity of nm394, which is the active metabolite of a prodrug of new fluoroquinolone prulifloxacin (pufx), against clinical isolates of bacteria with those of ciprofloxacin (cpfx), levofloxacin (lvfx), gatifloxacin (gflx), tosufloxacin (tflx) and fleroxacin (flrx). 1. nm394 showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. 2. mic80 of nm394 for methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae and ... | 2002 | 12621732 |
| [human cowpox/catpox infection. a potentially unrecognized disease]. | a 36-year-old woman initially noticed a red spot, about pea-sized, with a central pimple over the right eyebrow and a swollen submandibular lymph node. a pressure-sensitive, 4 cm large, node developed out of this small spot, with a central, black, tightly-adhering crust bearing several varioliform vesicles around its edge. in addition to swelling of the right half of the face, the patient had a fever up to 39.5 degrees c, general malaise, nausea and vomiting. various antibiotics were ineffective ... | 2003 | 12649797 |
| growth inhibition of intestinal bacteria and mutagenicity of 2-, 3-, 4-aminobiphenyls, benzidine, and biphenyl. | 2-aminobiphenyl (2-abp), 3-aminobiphenyl (3-abp) and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-abp), but not benzidine (bz) and biphenyl (bp), were found to be inhibitory to the growth of human intestinal bacteria bifidobacterium infantis atcc 15697, b. bifidium atcc 11863, clostridium perfringens atcc 13124, escherichia coli atcc 25922, e. coli atcc 35218, enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047 and salmonella typhimurium ta98, ta100, yg1041 at 10-200 microg/ml in culture broth. bacteroides distasonis atcc 8503, b. fragilis ... | 2003 | 12650667 |
| analyses of ampc gene expression in serratia marcescens reveal new regulatory properties. | serratia marcescens encodes an inducible, chromosomal beta-lactamase, ampc. studies addressing the regulation of inducible ampc genes have focused primarily on enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. the purpose of this study was to clone and sequence the ampc, ampr and intergenic region of s. marcescens and examine both inducible and basal level ampc expression. sequence analysis of the s. marcescens ampc gene identified an extended 5' untranslated region (utr) of 126 nucleotides, which ... | 2003 | 12654751 |
| cefotaxime-resistant bacteria colonizing older people admitted to an acute care hospital. | to determine the frequency of fecal colonization by cefotaxime-resistant gram-negative bacilli in older patients living in the community and in long-term care facilities (ltcfs) admitted to an acute care hospital. | 2003 | 12657072 |
| use of a site-specific recombination-based biosensor for detecting bioavailable toluene and related compounds on roots. | we constructed and characterized a plasmid-based genetic system that reports the expression of a toluene-responsive promoter (ptbua1) by effecting an irreversible, heritable change in the biosensor cell. expression of the reporter gene gfp is strongly repressed in the absence of expression from the ptbua1 promoter, and high level gfp expression in the original cell and its progeny is mediated by the site-specific recombination machinery of bacteriophage p22 to initiate removal of a repressor cas ... | 2003 | 12662171 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in enterobacter cloacae: underestimated but clinically significant! | | 2003 | 12668569 |
| molecular characterization of the acid-inducible asr gene of escherichia coli and its role in acid stress response. | enterobacteria have developed numerous constitutive and inducible strategies to sense and adapt to an external acidity. these molecular responses require dozens of specific acid shock proteins (asps), as shown by genomic and proteomic analysis. most of the asps remain poorly characterized, and their role in the acid response and survival is unknown. we recently identified an escherichia coli gene, asr (acid shock rna), encoding a protein of unknown function, which is strongly induced by high env ... | 2003 | 12670971 |
| enterobacter cloacae ventriculitis successfully treated with cefepime and gentamicin: case report and review of the literature. | a 55-year-old woman was found unresponsive and subsequently was diagnosed with a subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a right posterior communicating artery aneurysm. the development of hydrocephalus and decreased mental status necessitated placement of an intraventricular catheter; 18 days later she was diagnosed with enterobacter cloacae ventriculitis. after treatment was begun with intravenous cefepime 2 g every 8 hours and intraventricular gentamicin 5 mg every 24 hours, the catheter was rep ... | 2003 | 12680484 |
| characterization of clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae from italy by the bd phoenix extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detection method. | production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) is an important mechanism of beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteriaceae: identification of esbls based on phenotypic tests is the strategy most commonly used in clinical microbiology laboratories. the phoenix esbl test (bd diagnostic systems, sparks, md.) is a recently developed automated system for detection of esbl-producing gram-negative bacteria. an algorithm based on phenotypic responses to a panel of cephalosporins (ceftazidime plus ... | 2003 | 12682131 |
| bacterial volatiles promote growth in arabidopsis. | several chemical changes in soil are associated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr). some bacterial strains directly regulate plant physiology by mimicking synthesis of plant hormones, whereas others increase mineral and nitrogen availability in the soil as a way to augment growth. identification of bacterial chemical messengers that trigger growth promotion has been limited in part by the understanding of how plants respond to external stimuli. with an increasing appreciation of ho ... | 2003 | 12684534 |
| direct sequencing and pcr mapping of integrons reveals multiple class 1 integrons in the multiresistant strain enterobacter cloacae sch88040794. | we have characterized the variable region of three integrons found in the multiresistant strain enterobacter cloacae sch88040794, using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing of amplicons. the first integron has the gene cassette arrangement dfrai-aada1 in its variable region and the second aadb-oxa9. the third integron is in40 (aaca4-qacf-cmlb-oxa9), which has recently been described. the multiresistance expressed by this strain to amikacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, oxac ... | 2003 | 12694911 |
| role of beta-lactam carboxyl group on binding of penicillins and cephalosporins to class c beta-lactamases. | molecular models for the henry michaelis complexes of enterobacter cloacae, a class c beta-lactamase, with penicillin g and cephalotin have been constructed by using molecular mechanic calculations, based on the amber force field, to examine the molecular differentiation mechanisms between cephalosporins and penicillins in beta-lactamases. ser318ala and thr316ala mutations in both complexes and asn346ala and thr316ala/asn346ala double mutation in penicillin g complex have also been studied. resu ... | 2003 | 12696055 |
| factors influencing gene expression and resistance for gram-negative organisms expressing plasmid-encoded ampc genes of enterobacter origin. | high-level expression of ampc beta-lactamases results in organisms resistant to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics. the mechanism of chromosomally mediated ampc resistance has been elucidated, however the mechanism(s) driving plasmid-encoded ampc resistance are unknown. studies were designed to identify factors which influence expression of plasmid-encoded ampc genes and correlate these factors with resistance. as the model system, ampc genes of enterobacter origin were used to determine how gene ... | 2003 | 12697654 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of am-112, a novel oxapenem. | am-112 [(1'r,5r,6r)-3-(4-amino-1,1-dimethyl-butyl)-6-(1'-hydroxyethyl)oxapenem-3-carboxylate] is a novel oxapenem compound which possesses potent beta-lactamase-inhibitory properties. fifty-percent inhibitory concentrations (ic(50)s) of am-112 for class a enzymes were between 0.16 and 2.24 micro m for three enzymes, compared to ic(50)s of 0.008 to 0.12 micro m for clavulanic acid. against class c and class d enzymes, however, the activity of am-112 was between 1,000- and 100,000-fold greater tha ... | 2003 | 12709336 |
| trends in antimicrobial susceptibilities among enterobacteriaceae isolated from hospitalized patients in the united states from 1998 to 2001. | longitudinal surveillance of enterobacteriaceae for antimicrobial susceptibility is important because species of this family are among the most significant and prevalent human pathogens. to estimate rates of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility among hospitalized patients in the united states, data from the surveillance network were studied for 14 agents tested against 10 species of enterobacteriaceae (n = 384,279) isolated from intensive-care-unit (icu) patients and non-icu inpatients from 199 ... | 2003 | 12709339 |
| burkholderia is highly resistant to human beta-defensin 3. | the bactericidal activity of the novel beta-defensin hbd-3 against 28 species and 55 strains of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative fermentative and nonfermentative rods was tested. all strains proved to be highly or intermediately susceptible to hbd-3 (minimal bactericidal concentration [mbc], </=50 micro g/ml), except for burkholderia cepacia, for all 23 tested strains of which mbcs were >100 micro g/ml. | 2003 | 12709350 |
| in vitro synergy studies using aztreonam and fluoroquinolone combinations against six species of gram-negative bacilli. | combination antimicrobial therapy is often necessary to eradicate infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. | 2003 | 12714810 |
| a flow-cytometric gram-staining technique for milk-associated bacteria. | a gram-staining technique combining staining with two fluorescent stains, oregon green-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (wga) and hexidium iodide (hi) followed by flow-cytometric detection is described. wga stains gram-positive bacteria while hi binds to the dna of all bacteria after permeabilization by edta and incubation at 50 degrees c for 15 min. for wga to bind to gram-positive bacteria, a 3 m potassium chloride solution was found to give the highest fluorescence intensity. a total of 12 st ... | 2003 | 12732558 |
| development of a plating medium for selection of helicobacter pylori from water samples. | the goal of this study was to develop a simple plating medium to allow large-scale screening of water samples for the presence of helicobacter pylori. five conventional plating media (brain heart infusion, brucella agar, columbia blood agar base, campylobacter agar kit skirrow, and hpspa medium), each containing a commercial antibiotic supplement, were initially evaluated. eight strains selected as common waterborne organisms (acinetobacter, aeromonas, bacillus, escherichia coli, enterobacter, e ... | 2003 | 12732566 |
| polymorphism in the yclc-rpos region of enterobacteria. | the nucleotide sequence downstream from the rpos gene in enterobacter cloacae and kluyvera cryocrescens contains the slya-pad1-yclc genes. the dna sequence of enterobacter cloacae cetc960 shows a 2.6-kb insertion of unknown origin between rpos and slya. this 2.6-kb sequence has also been detected in species of salmonella and in pseudomonas aeruginosa, but not in the same location. this insertion has been detected in all the enterobacter cloacae clinical strains studied although the size of the r ... | 2003 | 12732965 |
| development of a lightcycler pcr assay for detection and quantification of aspergillus fumigatus dna in clinical samples from neutropenic patients. | the increasing incidence of invasive aspergillosis, a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised patients, emphasizes the need to improve the diagnostic tools for this disease. we established a lightcycler-based real-time pcr assay to detect and quantify rapidly, specifically, and sensitively aspergillus fumigatus dna in both bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and blood samples from high-risk patients. the primers and hybridization probes were derived from an a. fumigatus-specific sequence of the ... | 2003 | 12734210 |
| quality control for beta-lactam susceptibility testing with a well-defined collection of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in spain. | eighteen enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, 16 of them with well-defined beta-lactam resistance mechanisms, were sent to 52 spanish microbiology laboratories. interpretative categories for 8 extended-spectrum beta-lactams were collected. participating laboratories used their own routine susceptibility testing procedures (88% automatic systems, 10% disk diffusion, and 2% agar dilution). control results were established by two independent reference laboratories by applying the ... | 2003 | 12734226 |
| evaluation of the vitek 2 id-gnb assay for identification of members of the family enterobacteriaceae and other nonenteric gram-negative bacilli and comparison with the vitek gni+ card. | we evaluated the vitek 2 id-gnb identification card (biomérieux, inc., durham, n.c.) for its ability to identify members of the family enterobacteriaceae and other gram-negative bacilli that are isolated in clinical microbiology laboratories. using 482 enteric stock cultures and 103 strains of oxidase-positive, gram-negative glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting bacilli that were maintained at -70 degrees c and passaged three times before use, we inoculated cards according to the manufacturer's d ... | 2003 | 12734254 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes in clinical isolates of enterobacter species from lagos, nigeria. | over a 9-month period, 8 of 40 nonduplicate isolates of enterobacter spp. producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) were detected for the first time from two hospitals in lagos, nigeria. microbiologic and molecular analysis confirmed the presence of esbl. only four isolates transferred esbl resistance as determined by the conjugation test, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed genetically unrelated isolates. | 2003 | 12734278 |
| recombinant truncated flagellin of burkholderia pseudomallei as a molecular probe for diagnosis of melioidosis. | current serological tests for melioidosis, using impure or uncharacterized cell antigens from burkholderia pseudomallei, have problems in detection sensitivity and specificity. therefore, we designed and expressed the recombinant flagellin (truncated at both the n- and c-terminal ends), and used the antigen to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to diagnose melioidosis. comparison of the immunoreactivities of the full-length and truncated flagellins reveals that the tru ... | 2003 | 12738642 |
| transformation of azospirillum brasilense cd with an acc deaminase gene from enterobacter cloacae uw4 fused to the tet r gene promoter improves its fitness and plant growth promoting ability. | it has been reported that pgpb, containing acc deaminase, can cleave the plant ethylene precursor acc and thereby lower ethylene concentration in a developing or stressed plant, protecting it against the deleterious effects of stress ethylene and facilitating the formation of longer roots. in a previous work we have demonstrated expression of the acc deaminase gene ( acds) from enterobacter cloacae uw4 under the control of the lac promoter in azospirillum brasilense cd. with the inference that a ... | 2003 | 12739073 |
| crystal structure of thiamindiphosphate-dependent indolepyruvate decarboxylase from enterobacter cloacae, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid. | the thiamin diphosphate-dependent enzyme indolepyruvate decarboxylase catalyses the formation of indoleacetaldehyde from indolepyruvate, one step in the indolepyruvate pathway of biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid. the crystal structure of this enzyme from enterobacter cloacae has been determined at 2.65 a resolution and refined to a crystallographic r-factor of 20.5% (rfree 23.6%). the subunit of indolepyruvate decarboxylase contains three domains of open alpha/beta topology ... | 2003 | 12752451 |
| studies on structure-function relationships of indolepyruvate decarboxylase from enterobacter cloacae, a key enzyme of the indole acetic acid pathway. | enterobacter cloacae, isolated from the rhizosphere of cucumbers, produces large amounts of indole-3-acetic acid. indolepyruvate decarboxylase, the key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of indole-3-acetic acid, catalyses the formation of indole-3-acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide from indole-3-pyruvic acid. the enzyme requires the cofactors thiamine diphosphate and magnesium ions for catalytic activity. recombinant indolepyruvate decarboxylase was purified from the host escherichia coli strain jm ... | 2003 | 12752452 |
| evaluation of biotracers to monitor effluent retention time in constructed wetlands. | with concern surrounding the environmental impact of chemical tracers on the aquatic environment, this paper presents the initial evaluation of biotracers used to determine the effluent retention time, an important performance indicator, in a free water surface constructed wetland. | 2003 | 12753243 |
| recommended amikacin doses in newborns often produce excessive serum levels. | emergence of a multiply drug resistant enterobacter cloacae during a seven-week period in 1980 caused amikacin to become the aminoglycoside of choice in the initial management of suspected sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit. recommended doses (7.5-10 mg/kg loading; 15 mg/kg in two divided doses iv) were given to 5 infants < or = 1,000 gm and to 13 larger babies. trough levels 11.5 hours after a dose were 16.6 +/- 11.9 microg/ml in infants < or = 1,000 gm and 6.5 +/- 4.3 microg/ml in the la ... | 1982 | 12760404 |
| in vitro activities of telithromycin and 10 oral agents against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | a study of the comparative in vitro activity of telithromycin, a new ketolide, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic antral sinus puncture isolates showed it to be active against a broad range of sinus pathogens. all pneumococci, including erythromycin-resistant strains, were susceptible to telithromycin at < or = 0.5 microg/ml; all haemophilus influenzae and eikenella corrodens strains were inhibited by < or = 4 microg of telithromycin/ml; all moraxella spp. and beta-lactamase-producing prevote ... | 2003 | 12760875 |
| immunity profiles of wild-type and recombinant shiga-like toxin-encoding bacteriophages and characterization of novel double lysogens. | the pathogenicity of shiga-like toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec), notably serotype o157, the causative agent of hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, is based partly on the presence of genes (stx(1) and/or stx(2)) that are known to be carried on temperate lambdoid bacteriophages. stx phages were isolated from different stec strains and found to have genome sizes in the range of 48 to 62 kb and to carry either stx(1) or stx(2) genes. ... | 2003 | 12761125 |
| larval and pupal induction and n-terminal amino acid sequence of lysozyme from heliothis virescens. | fifth instar larvae and prepupae of heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm) were injected with live enterobacter cloacae and bled at different times after vaccination. immune pupal hemolymph showed a 54 times increase in lysozyme activity when compared with normal larval hemolymph, and an 11 times increase of lysozyme activity when compared with immune larval hemolymph. lysozyme activity of the normal pupal hemolymph increased as greatly as did lysozyme activity of the immune larval hemolymph afte ... | 2000 | 12770220 |
| immune responses in rhodnius prolixus: influence of nutrition and ecdysone. | starved larvae of rhodnius prolixus, when challenged with enterobacter cloacae b12, had their mortality related to their period of starvation. r. prolixus larvae fed on plasma alone, compared with insects fed on whole blood, had their immune reactivity affected as shown by: (i) a significant reduction in the ability to produce cecropin-like and lysozyme activities in the haemolymph when inoculated with e. cloacae; (ii) a reduction in numbers of haemocytes and nodule formation following challenge ... | 1997 | 12770413 |
| altered substrate selection of the melibiose transporter (mely) of enterobacter cloacae involving point mutations in leu-88, leu-91, and ala-182 that confer enhanced maltose transport. | we isolated mutants of escherichia coli hs4006 containing the melibiose-h(+) symporter (mely) from enterobacter cloacae that had enhanced fermentation on 1% maltose macconkey plates. dna sequencing revealed three site classes of mutations: l-88-p, l-91-p, and a-182-p. the mutants l-88-p and l-91-p had 3.6- and 5.1-fold greater maltose uptake than the wild type and enhanced apparent affinities for maltose. energy-coupled transport was defective for melibiose accumulation, but detectable maltose a ... | 2003 | 12775706 |
| new substrates for beta-lactam-recognizing enzymes: aryl malonamates. | aryl malonamates are demonstrated to be novel substrates of a broad range of beta-lactam-recognizing enzymes. these compounds are isomers of the aryl phenaceturates, which are well-known substrates of these enzymes, but the new compounds contain a retro-amide side chain. several lines of evidence, including comparisons of steady-state kinetic parameters between enzymes and a detailed investigation of the methanolysis kinetics, solvent deuterium isotope effects, and ph-rate profile for turnover o ... | 2003 | 12779326 |
| oxygen-insensitive nitroreductases nfsa and nfsb of escherichia coli function under anaerobic conditions as lawsone-dependent azo reductases. | quinones can function as redox mediators in the unspecific anaerobic reduction of azo compounds by various bacterial species. these quinones are enzymatically reduced by the bacteria and the resulting hydroquinones then reduce in a purely chemical redox reaction the azo compounds outside of the cells. recently, it has been demonstrated that the addition of lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) to anaerobically incubated cells of escherichia coli resulted in a pronounced increase in the reductio ... | 2003 | 12788749 |
| secondary metabolites of flustra foliacea and their influence on bacteria. | the north sea bryozoan flustra foliacea was investigated to determine its secondary metabolite content. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of a dichloromethane extract of the bryozoan enabled 11 compounds to be identified. preparative high-performance liquid chromatography of the extract resulted in the isolation of 10 brominated alkaloids (compounds 1 to 10) and one diterpene (compound 11). all of these compounds were tested to determine their activities in agar diffusion assays agai ... | 2003 | 12788752 |
| rapid detection of campylobacter coli, c. jejuni, and salmonella enterica on poultry carcasses by using pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | contamination of retail poultry by campylobacter spp. and salmonella enterica is a significant source of human diarrheal disease. isolation and identification of these microorganisms require a series of biochemical and serological tests. in this study, campylobacter ceue and salmonella inva genes were used to design probes in pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), as an alternative to conventional bacteriological methodology, for the rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter ... | 2003 | 12788755 |
| dissemination of shv-12 and characterization of new ampc-type beta-lactamase genes among clinical isolates of enterobacter species in korea. | to determine the prevalence and genotype of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and new chromosomal ampc beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of enterobacter species, we performed antibiotic susceptibility testing, pi determination, induction tests, transconjugation, enterobacterial repetitive consensus (eric) pcr, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. among the 51 clinical isolates collected from a university hospital in korea, 6 isolates have been shown to produce shv-12 and inducible ampc ... | 2003 | 12791868 |
| detection and identification of mycobacterium species isolates by dna microarray. | rapid identification of mycobacterium species isolates is necessary for the effective management of tuberculosis. recently, analysis of dna gyrase b subunit (gyrb) genes has been identified as a suitable means for the identification of bacterial species. we describe a microarray assay based on gyrb gene sequences that can be used for the identification of mycobacteria species. primers specific for a gyrb gene region common to all mycobacteria were synthesized and used for pcr amplification of dn ... | 2003 | 12791887 |
| quality control in colorectal cancer screening: systematic microbiological investigation of endoscopes used in the norccap (norwegian colorectal cancer prevention) trial. | endoscopic colorectal cancer (crc) screening is currently implemented in many countries. since endoscopes cannot be sterilised, the transmission of infectious agents through endoscopes has been a matter of concern. we report on a continuous quality control programme in a large-scale randomised controlled trial on flexible sigmoidoscopy screening of an average-risk population. continuously, throughout a two-year screening period, series of microbiological samples were taken from cleaned ready-to- ... | 2003 | 12803654 |
| occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated in haemodialysis water and dialysate of renal units: results of a greek multicentre study. | to evaluate the occurrence, identity and antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated from municipal water supplies, treated water, and dialysate of all 85 greek haemodialysis centres. | 2003 | 12807469 |
| bacterial keratitis: predisposing factors, clinical and microbiological review of 300 cases. | to identify predisposing factors and to define clinical and microbiological characteristics of bacterial keratitis in current practice. | 2003 | 12812878 |
| the c-terminal domain of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium ompa is an immunodominant antigen in mice but appears to be only partially exposed on the bacterial cell surface. | we examined the way the major outer membrane protein ompa of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is recognized by the mouse immune system, by raising a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against this protein. interaction between ompa and these mabs is competitively inhibited with several-hundredfold dilutions of mouse polyclonal sera obtained by immunization with live or heat-killed whole cells, suggesting that ompa is one of the immunodominant antigens of serovar typhimurium. all of t ... | 2003 | 12819080 |
| production of cellulose and curli fimbriae by members of the family enterobacteriaceae isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract. | citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., and klebsiella spp. isolated from the human gut were investigated for the biosynthesis of cellulose and curli fimbriae (csg). while citrobacter spp. produced curli fimbriae and cellulose and enterobacter spp. produced cellulose with various temperature-regulatory programs, klebsiella spp. did not show pronounced expression of those extracellular matrix components. investigation of multicellular behavior in two citrobacter species and enterobacter sakazakii sh ... | 2003 | 12819107 |
| [continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial gram-negative bacilli from intensive care units in china]. | to investigate the change of antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial gram-negative bacilli, especially those of enterobacteriaceae isolated from intensive care units from 1994 to 2001 in china. | 2003 | 12820912 |
| persistent bacteremia in rabbit fetuses despite maternal antibiotic therapy in a novel intrauterine-infection model. | the effect of optimized maternal therapy by bactericidal agents was evaluated in a reproducible rabbit model of escherichia coli maternofetal infection simulating human pharmacokinetics. intravenous antibiotic therapy was begun in the pregnant rabbit 12 h after bacterial intrauterine inoculation, using a computer-controlled pump to simulate human pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone (1 g/day) associated or not with gentamicin (3 mg/kg of body weight/day). data were compared for fetal survival, quanti ... | 2003 | 12821457 |
| survey of plasmid-associated genetic markers in enterobacteriaceae with reduced susceptibilities to cephalosporins. | clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae with reduced susceptibilities to cephalosporins were collected from 1993 to 2000. the organisms were screened for the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) phenotype, and plasmid extracts were screened for genetic markers by hybridization. a bla(tem) probe was derived from puc19; other probes were derived from pacm1, the plasmid responsible for the first known appearance of an esbl in our institution. these probes included bla(shv), int, aac(3)-ia, dfra1 ... | 2003 | 12821465 |
| sfh-i, a subclass b2 metallo-beta-lactamase from a serratia fonticola environmental isolate. | an environmental isolate of serratia fonticola resistant to carbapenems was shown to contain a genetic determinant encoding a metallo-beta-lactamase of the subclass b2. the sfh-i enzyme exhibits some divergence from the previously characterized enzymes of this subclass. this is the first example of a naturally occurring metallo-beta-lactamase in enterobacteriaceae. | 2003 | 12821491 |
| annotation and evolutionary relationships of a small regulatory rna gene micf and its target ompf in yersinia species. | micf rna, a small regulatory rna found in bacteria, post-transcriptionally regulates expression of outer membrane protein f (ompf) by interaction with the ompf mrna 5'utr. phylogenetic data can be useful for rna/rna duplex structure analyses and aid in elucidation of mechanism of regulation. however micf and associated genes, ompf and ompc are difficult to annotate because of either similarities or divergences in nucleotide sequence. we report by using sequences that represent "gene signatures" ... | 2003 | 12834539 |
| evaluation of a new chromogenic medium, uriselect 4, for the isolation and identification of urinary tract pathogens. | to compare the performance of a new chromogenic medium, uriselect 4, with cystine lactose electrolyte deficient (cled) agar and an established chromogenic agar, cps id 2 medium, for detection of urinary tract pathogens. | 2003 | 12835299 |
| freshwater bacteria can methylate selenium through the thiopurine methyltransferase pathway. | involvement of the bacterial thiopurine methyltransferase (btpmt) in natural selenium methylation by freshwater was investigated. a freshwater environment that had no known selenium contamination but exhibited reproducible emission of dimethyl selenide (dmse) or dimethyl diselenide (dmdse) when it was supplemented with an organic form of selenium [(methyl)selenocysteine] or an inorganic form of selenium (sodium selenite) was used. the distribution of the btpmt gene (tpm) in the microflora was st ... | 2003 | 12839745 |
| detection and diversity assessment of xylella fastidiosa in field-collected plant and insect samples by using 16s rrna and gyrb sequences. | the causal agent of diseases in many economically important plants is attributed to the xylem-limited bacterium xylella fastidiosa. the detection of this plant pathogen has been hampered due to its difficult isolation and slow growth on plates. nearly complete nucleotide sequences of the 16s rrna gene and partial sequences of the gyrb gene were determined for 18 strains of x. fastidiosa isolated from different plant hosts. a phylogenetic analysis, based on gyrb, grouped strains in three clusters ... | 2003 | 12839807 |
| comparison of salmonella chromogenic medium with dcls agar for isolation of salmonella species from stool specimens. | salmonella chromogenic medium (scm; oxoid, basingstoke, united kingdom), a new selective chromogenic medium, was compared to dcls agar (oxoid) for the detection and presumptive identification of salmonella species from stool samples. this medium contains two chromogenic substrates, magenta-cap (5-bromo-6-chloro-3-indolylcaprylate), which is hydrolyzed by salmonella species to give magenta colonies, and x-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside), which is incorporated to visualiz ... | 2003 | 12843068 |
| comparison of four antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to determine the in vitro activities of piperacillin and piperacillin-tazobactam against clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | susceptibility to piperacillin was similar to that to piperacillin-tazobactam (<1% difference) for 6,938 isolates of enterobacter aerogenes and 13,954 isolates of enterobacter cloacae tested using a vitek system; for the same species, in contrast, susceptibility rates to piperacillin-tazobactam were 5.9 to 13.9% higher than to piperacillin using disk diffusion, microscan, and vitek 2 testing. unprecedented phenotypes (piperacillin susceptible and piperacillin-tazobactam intermediate; piperacilli ... | 2003 | 12843088 |
| lower respiratory tract infections in patients during hospital stay after heart transplantation. | a retrospective analysis was performed on the records of 95 pts who underwent heart transplantation at dept. of cardiac surgery & transplantation in 1999 and 2000 y. in 34 pts lower respiratory tract infections were observed. in all cases bacterial factor was detected in sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage. in study population we analysed influence of such factors as age of the patients, the intensity and duration of immunosuppression, pre-existing diseases and timing after transplantation on the i ... | 2003 | 12848381 |
| the influence of inadequate empirical antimicrobial treatment on patients with bloodstream infections in an intensive care unit. | to determine the occurrence of inadequate antimicrobial therapy among critically ill patients with bacteremia and the factors associated with it, to identify the microorganisms that received inadequate antimicrobial treatment, and to determine the relationship between inadequate treatment and patients outcome. | 2003 | 12848754 |
| suppression of leaf feeding and oviposition of phytophagous ladybird beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) by chitinase gene-transformed phylloplane bacteria and their specific bacteriophages entrapped in alginate gel beads. | the chitinase gene-transformed strain kpm-007e/chi of enterobacter cloacae was vitally entrapped in sodium alginate gel beads with its specific virulent bacteriophage ecp-01 to provide a new method for microbially digesting chitinous peritrophic membranes of phytophagous ladybird beetles epilachna vigintioctopunctata. first, chitinase sh1 from a gram-positive bacterium kurthia zopfii was overproduced by escherichia coli cells and purified by affinity column chromatography. the purified enzyme ef ... | 2003 | 12852588 |
| a hospitalwide intervention program to optimize the quality of antibiotic use: impact on prescribing practice, antibiotic consumption, cost savings, and bacterial resistance. | several findings from argentina provide compelling evidence of the need for more rational use of antimicrobial agents. thus, a multidisciplinary antimicrobial treatment committee for the development of a hospital-wide intervention program was formed to optimize the quality of antibiotic use in hospitals. four successive steps were developed during 6-month periods: baseline data collection, introduction of a prescription form, education, and prescribing control. sustained reduction of drug consum ... | 2003 | 12856209 |
| identification of residues critical for catalysis in a class c beta-lactamase by combinatorial scanning mutagenesis. | despite their clinical importance, the mechanism of action of the class c beta-lactamases is poorly understood. in contrast to the class a and class d beta-lactamases, which contain a glutamate residue and a carbamylated lysine in their respective active sites that are thought to serve as general base catalysts for beta-lactam hydrolysis, the mechanism of activation of the serine and water nucleophiles in the class c enzymes is unclear. to probe for residues involved in catalysis, the class c be ... | 2003 | 12876313 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of novel 2-(thiazol-2-ylthio)-1beta-methylcarbapenems with potent activities against multiresistant gram-positive bacteria. | sm-197436, sm-232721, and sm-232724 are new 1beta-methylcarbapenems with a unique 4-substituted thiazol-2-ylthio moiety at the c-2 side chain. in agar dilution susceptibility testing these novel carbapenems were active against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and staphylococcus epidermidis (mrse) with a mic(90) of </=4 micro g/ml. furthermore, sm-232724 showed strong bactericidal activity against mrsa, in contrast to linezolid, which was bacteriostatic up to four times the mic. ... | 2003 | 12878507 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in ireland, including a novel enzyme, tem-102. | organisms producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) have been reported in many countries, but there is no information on the prevalence of esbl-producing members of the family enterobacteriaceae in ireland. a total of 925 isolates of ampicillin-resistant members of the enterobacteriaceae were received from six hospitals in ireland over a 3-year period from september 1996 to september 1999. isolates were screened for esbl production by the double-disk diffusion (ddd) method. ddd-positiv ... | 2003 | 12878521 |
| in vitro activities of novel oxapenems, alone and in combination with ceftazidime, against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. | four novel oxapenem compounds (i.e., am-112, am-113, am-114, and am-115) were investigated for their beta-lactamase inhibitory activity against a panel of isolated class a, c, and d enzymes, which included expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes (esbls). the oxapenems were potent beta-lactamase inhibitors. activity varied within the group, with am-113 and am-114 proving to be the most active compounds. the 50% inhibitory concentrations for these agents were up to 100,000-fold lower than that of ... | 2003 | 12878527 |
| comparative in vitro activity of three fluoroquinolones against clinical isolates by e test. | the in vitro susceptibility of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin against several gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates was tested by e test. we found that the mic(50) and mic(90) values against all members of the enterobacteriaceae family except serratia were <0.5 mg/l for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin (mic range 0.006-32 mg/l) based on the in vitro susceptibility data. the susceptibility rates for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were more than 85% for escherichia coli, ci ... | 2003 | 12886053 |
| molecular epidemiology of systemic infection caused by enterobacter cloacae in a high-risk neonatal intensive care unit. | to investigate the molecular epidemiology of systemic nosocomial infections caused by enterobacter cloacae. | 2003 | 12887236 |
| vim- and imp-type metallo-beta-lactamase-producing pseudomonas spp. and acinetobacter spp. in korean hospitals. | we determined the occurrence of acquired metallo-b-lactamase (mbl)-producing bacteria in korean hospitals. among the isolates nonsusceptible to imipenem that were collected from 28 hospitals from 2000 to 2001, 44 (11.4%) of 387 pseudomonas spp. and 38 (14.2%) of 267 acinetobacter spp. produced mbl and had alleles of blavim-2 or blaimp-1. mbl-producing isolates were detected in 60.7% of the hospitals. | 2003 | 12890331 |
| enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infections in pediatric patients traced to a hospital pharmacy. | the sources of an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infections in a pediatric hospital were investigated, as were the risk factors for acquiring the infection: two retrospective case-control studies were conducted. the study sample included all patients admitted to the general pediatric wards from february 5 through march 30, 2001, who had a positive blood culture for e. cloacae. pediatric ward and pharmacy infection-control practices were reviewed, personnel and environmental culture ... | 2003 | 12892028 |
| [surveillance on drug resistance of gram-negative bacilli isolated from hospital acquired infections and community acquired infections (2000 - 2001)]. | to determine the resistance rates of gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with hospital acquired infections (hai) or community acquired infections (cai) in the 34 study wards of 13 hospitals located at different areas in china. | 2003 | 12899774 |
| levofloxacin pharmacokinetics in esrd and removal by the cellulose acetate high performance-210 hemodialyzer. | no published data are available describing the pharmacokinetics of intravenous levofloxacin in patients with end-stage renal disease (esrd). objectives of this study are to determine the pharmacokinetics and dialytic clearance of levofloxacin and develop dosing strategies in these patients. | 2003 | 12900817 |
| rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase promotes nodulation of pea plants. | ethylene inhibits nodulation in various legumes. in order to investigate strategies employed by rhizobium to regulate nodulation, the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase gene was isolated and characterized from one of the acc deaminase-producing rhizobia, rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 128c53k. acc deaminase degrades acc, the immediate precursor of ethylene in higher plants. through the action of this enzyme, acc deaminase-containing bacteria can reduce ethylene biosynthesis in ... | 2003 | 12902221 |
| evaluation of a rapid pcr assay for diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis. | we compared the results of gram staining and culture of cerebrospinal fluid to results obtained with a rapid pcr assay for the diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis in 281 cases of suspected bacterial meningitis. pcr had a sensitivity of 97% compared to a sensitivity of 55% for culture, and the pcr specificity was 99.6%. pcr results were available within 2 h of the start of the assay. | 2003 | 12904400 |
| modification of the double-disk test for detection of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum and ampc beta-lactamases. | detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in ampc-producing enterobacteriaceae is problematic. a modification of the double-disk test (mddt) has been developed for successful detection of esbls in gram-negative bacilli producing well-characterized beta-lactamases as well as 212 clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, serratia marcescens, and citrobacter freundii. mddt accurately differentiated between esbl producers and derepressed chromosomal ampc mutants ... | 2003 | 12904422 |
| restriction site tagged (rst) microarrays: a novel technique to study the species composition of complex microbial systems. | we have developed a new type of microarray, restriction site tagged (rst), for example noti, microarrays. in this approach only sequences surrounding specific restriction sites (i.e. noti linking clones) were used for generating microarrays. dna was labeled using a new procedure, noti representation, where only sequences surrounding noti sites were labeled. due to these modifications, the sensitivity of rst microarrays increases several hundred-fold compared to that of ordinary genomic microarra ... | 2003 | 12907747 |
| the role of visible faecal material as a vehicle for generic escherichia coli, coliform, and other enterobacteria contaminating poultry carcasses during slaughtering. | a comparison of enterobacteriaceae, coliform and escherichia coli counts in chicken carcasses with and without visible faecal contamination was conducted to evaluate the role of contamination as a vehicle for generic e. coli, coliform and other enterobacteria contaminating broiler chicken carcasses when processed under routine commercial operations. | 2003 | 12911691 |
| a comparison of the bacteria found on the hands of 'homemakers' and neonatal intensive care unit nurses. | this prevalence study was conducted to compare the counts, types and antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial flora on the hands of individuals in the community to that of nurses at a nearby university teaching hospital, with an intense hand hygiene regimen. hand cultures were obtained from 204 individuals during a home visit and 119 nurses in two neonatal intensive care units (nicus). the mean total log counts of organisms were 5.73 and 5.24 for the homemakers [defined as the person (usua ... | 2003 | 12919763 |
| is1999 increases expression of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase veb-1 in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the integron-borne bla(veb-1) gene encodes an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. this gene was associated mostly with is1999 and rarely with an additional is2000 element in pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from thailand, whereas is1999 was only very rarely associated with bla(veb-1) in enterobacteriaceae. expression experiments and promoter study identified promoter sequences in is1999 that increased the expression of veb-1 in p. aeruginosa. | 2003 | 12923109 |
| the status of drug resistance and ampc gene expression in enterobacter cloacae. | to investigate the status of the drug resistance and the ampc gene expression of enterobacter cloacae. | 2003 | 12935420 |
| role of acrr and rama in fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from singapore. | the mics of ciprofloxacin for 33 clinical isolates of k. pneumoniae resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins from three hospitals in singapore ranged from 0.25 to >128 microg/ml. nineteen of the isolates were fluoroquinolone resistant according to the nccls guidelines. strains for which the ciprofloxacin mic was >or=0.5 microg/ml harbored a mutation in dna gyrase a (ser83-->tyr, leu, or iie), and some had a secondary asp87-->asn mutation. isolates for which the mic was 16 microg/ml possesse ... | 2003 | 12936981 |
| molecular characterization of a new class 3 integron in klebsiella pneumoniae. | klebsiella pneumoniae fful 22k was isolated in april 1999 from the urine of an intensive care unit patient in portugal. the strain showed an extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance profile. a typical synergistic effect between cefotaxime or cefepime and clavulanic acid was observed. an escherichia coli transformant displayed a similar resistance phenotype and harbored a ca. 9.4-kb plasmid (p22k9). cloning experiments revealed that the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase was encoded by bla(ges-1) ... | 2003 | 12936982 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae in buenos aires, argentina, public hospitals. | resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins is often associated with plasmid encoded extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl). in order to evaluate the prevalence and diversity of esbls in enterobacteria in our city, a 1-month-period survey was carried out from april to may 2000. extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant strains, isolated from inpatient clinical specimens other than stools, were collected among 17 participating hospitals. from a total of 427 enterobacterial strains that were ... | 2003 | 12936986 |
| insertion sequence isecp1b is involved in expression and mobilization of a bla(ctx-m) beta-lactamase gene. | the genetic structures (ca. 10-kb dna fragment) surrounding the plasmid-borne extended-spectrum beta-lactamase bla(ctx-m-19) gene in a klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate were determined. this beta-lactamase gene was part of a 4,797-bp transposon inserted inside orf1 of tn1721. inside this transposon, bla(ctx-m-19) was bracketed upstream and downstream by insertion sequences ise cp1b and is903d, respectively, and further downstream by a truncated gene encoding an outer membrane protein for ir ... | 2003 | 12936998 |
| in vitro activities of abt-492, a new fluoroquinolone, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | abt-492 exhibited excellent in vitro activities against all 326 aerobic and anaerobic antral puncture sinus isolates tested with mics (in micrograms per milliliter) at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited as follows: haemophilus influenzae, 0.001; moraxella catarrhalis, 0.008; and streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.015. it was four- to sixfold more active than other fluoroquinolones, including against levofloxacin-resistant strains of s. pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureu ... | 2003 | 12937015 |
| bacteria in midguts of field-collected anopheles albimanus block plasmodium vivax sporogonic development. | bacterial infections were investigated in midguts of insectary and field-collected anopheles albimanus weidemann from southern mexico. serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae and enterobacter amnigenus 2, enterobacter sp., and serratia sp. were isolated in field samples obtained in 1998, but only enterobacter sp. was recovered in field samples of 1997 and no bacteria were isolated from insectary specimens. these bacteria were offered along with plasmodium vivax infected blood to aseptic insect ... | 2003 | 12943119 |
| gasp phenotype: presence in enterobacteria and independence of sigmas in its acquisition. | the appearance of growth advantage in stationary phase or gasp was originally detected in escherichia coli. the presence of this phenotype in other enterobacteria such as enterobacter cloacae, salmonella typhimurium, providencia stuartii and shigella dysenteriae is described in this work. e. cloacae gasp strains presented lower levels of rpos than the parental strain, although no mutation in the gene or its promoter was detected. this work offers evidence of gasp rpos-independent pathways as gas ... | 2003 | 12951242 |
| lupus-like panniculitis in a patient with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (apeced). | autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (apeced) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterised by a loss of self-tolerance to endocrine tissues, chronic candidiasis and ectodermal disorders. apeced is associated with mutations of a single gene, designated autoimmune regulator (aire). we describe a 31-year-old apeced patient with non-traumatic, cutaneous ulcers on both forearms with features of a lupus-like panniculitis. on admission to the icu in september 2001, th ... | 2003 | 12951636 |
| population genetics of the nomenspecies enterobacter cloacae. | the genetic heterogeneity of the nomenspecies enterobacter cloacae is well known. enterobacter asburiae, enterobacter cancerogenus, enterobacter dissolvens, enterobacter hormaechei, enterobacter kobei, and enterobacter nimipressuralis are closely related to it and are subsumed in the so-called e. cloacae complex. dna-dna hybridization studies performed previously identified at least five dna-relatedness groups of this complex. in order to analyze the genetic structure and the phylogenetic relati ... | 2003 | 12957918 |
| morphological, host range, and genetic characterization of two coliphages. | two coliphages, ar1 and lg1, were characterized based on their morphological, host range, and genetic properties. transmission electron microscopy showed that both phages belonged to the myoviridae; phage particles of lg1 were smaller than those of ar1 and had an isometric head 68 nm in diameter and a complex contractile tail 111 nm in length. transmission electron micrographs of ar1 showed phage particles consisting of an elongated isometric head of 103 by 74 nm and a complex contractile tail 1 ... | 2003 | 12957924 |
| growth of escherichia coli in model distribution system biofilms exposed to hypochlorous acid or monochloramine. | bacteria indigenous to water distribution systems were used to grow multispecies biofilms within continuous-flow slide chambers. six flow chambers were also inoculated with an escherichia coli isolate obtained from potable water. the effect of disinfectants on bacterial populations was determined after exposure of established biofilms to 1 ppm of hypochlorous acid (cloh) for 67 min or 4 ppm of monochloramine (nh(2)cl) for 155 min. to test the ability of bacterial populations to initiate biofilm ... | 2003 | 12957935 |
| use of real-time pcr with multiple targets to identify pseudomonas aeruginosa and other nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli from patients with cystic fibrosis. | pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) may be difficult to identify because of their marked phenotypic diversity. we examined 200 gram-negative clinical isolates from cf respiratory tract specimens and compared identification by biochemical testing and real-time pcr with multiple different target sequences using a standardized combination of biochemical testing and molecular identification, including 16s rrna partial sequencing and gyrb pc ... | 2003 | 12958262 |
| transmembrane movement of exogenous long-chain fatty acids: proteins, enzymes, and vectorial esterification. | the processes that govern the regulated transport of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane are quite distinct compared to counterparts involved in the transport of hydrophilic solutes such as sugars and amino acids. these differences stem from the unique physical and chemical properties of long-chain fatty acids. to date, several distinct classes of proteins have been shown to participate in the transport of exogenous long-chain fatty acids across the membrane. more recent work is co ... | 2003 | 12966144 |
| nmca carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzyme in enterobacter cloacae in north america. | an imipenem-resistant enterobacter cloacae isolate was recovered from the blood of a patient with a hematologic malignancy. analytical isoelectric focusing, inhibitor studies, hydrolysis, induction assays, and molecular sequencing methods confirmed the presence of a nmca carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzyme. this first report of nmca detected in north america warrants further investigation into its distribution and clinical impact. | 2003 | 12967501 |
| contemporary re-evaluation of the activity and spectrum of grepafloxacin tested against isolates in the united states. | grepafloxacin potency and spectrum of activity were re-evaluated against contemporary pathogens collected from clinical infections in 2001-2002. a total of 995 isolates were tested for grepafloxacin by the reference agar dilution method and these results were compared to those of 25 other antimicrobial agents. grepafloxacin activity remained comparable to that of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and gatifloxacin against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae (mic(90), 0.03-2 ... | 2003 | 12967754 |
| antigenic study of certain slow lactose fermenting aerobacter cloacae cultures. | | 1952 | 13047348 |
| the oxidation of some carbohydrates by aerobacter cloacae and their connection with the direct oxidation scheme. | | 1953 | 13068371 |
| [oxidation and phosphorylation by aerobacter cloacae of various carbohydrates and related substances and its relation to direct oxidation]. | | 1953 | 13081224 |
| [metabolism of gluconate and galactonate in aerobacter cloacae]. | | 1953 | 13081225 |
| the phosphorylation of some carbohydrates, connected with the direct oxidation, by aerobacter cloacae. | | 1953 | 13107642 |