| sodium dodecyl sulfate hypersensitivity of clpp and clpb mutants of escherichia coli. | we studied the hypersensitivity of clpp and clpb mutants of escherichia coli to sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds). both wild-type e. coli mc4100 and lon mutants grew in the presence of 10% sds, whereas isogenic clpp and clpb single mutants could not grow above 0.5% sds and clpa and clpx single mutants could not grow above 5.0% sds. for wild-type e. coli, cellular clpp levels as determined by western immunoblot analysis increased ca. sixfold as the levels of added sds increased from 0 to 2%. capsular ... | 2002 | 12147516 |
| phylogenetic analysis of salmonella, shigella, and escherichia coli strains on the basis of the gyrb gene sequence. | phylogenetic analysis of about 200 strains of salmonella, shigella, and escherichia coli was carried out using the nucleotide sequence of the gene for dna gyrase b (gyrb), which was determined by directly sequencing pcr fragments. the results establish a new phylogenetic tree for the classification of salmonella, shigella, and escherichia coli in which salmonella forms a cluster separate from but closely related to shigella and e. coli. in comparison with 16s rrna analysis, the gyrb sequences in ... | 2002 | 12149329 |
| rapid detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococci from blood culture bottles by using a multiplex pcr assay. | rapid detection and accurate identification of methicillin-resistant staphylococci are critical for the effective management of infections caused by these organisms. we describe a multiplex pcr-based assay for the direct detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococci from blood culture bottles (bact/alert; organon-teknika, durham, n.c.). a simple lysis method followed by a multiplex pcr assay designed to detect the nuc, meca, and bacterial 16s rrna genes was performed. a total of 306 blood cul ... | 2002 | 12149330 |
| diagnosis of community-acquired pertussis infection: comparison of both culture and fluorescent-antibody assays with pcr detection using electrophoresis or dot blot hybridization. | diagnosis of bordetella pertussis infection has been difficult due to the low sensitivity of culture. pcr tests have been shown to be more sensitive than culture, but the reported sensitivity of pcr is variable. we evaluated pcr product detection by using either agarose gel electrophoresis (pcr-gel) or dot blot hybridization with (32)p-labeled oligonucleotide probes, and we compared these methods to both culture and direct fluorescent-antibody (dfa) assays with microscopy for the detection of pe ... | 2002 | 12149350 |
| relationship between coliform culturability and organic matter in low nutritive waters. | the objective of this work was to investigate the behaviour of coliform bacteria in specific low nutritive waters conveying organic fractions from different origin of which an unknown part is likely to pass through the treatment barrier. for this purpose, we studied the growth (microscopic counting) and the culturability (count on nutritive medium) of ten coliform bacteria species as a function of the amount of organic matter in a river water collected after a period of heavy rain and in an alga ... | 2002 | 12153029 |
| acidification of formula with citric acid is equally effective and better tolerated than acidification with hydrochloric acid. | to determine whether acidification of formula with citric acid is equally protective against bacterial translocation and gut colonization but better tolerated than acidification with hydrochloric acid in neonatal rabbits. | 2002 | 12163779 |
| the resistance mechanisms of b-lactam antimicrobials in clinical isolates of acinetobacter baumannii. | despite increasing importance of acinetobacter baumannii in nosocomial infections and rapid development of multi-antimicrobial resistance in this strain, the resistance mechanisms of beta-lactam antimicrobials in a. baumannii were not clearly defined. in order to observe the resistance mechanisms against beta-lactams and carbapenem, we characterized the production of beta-lactamases and outermembrane protein (omp) profiles for the 44 clinical isolates of a. baumannii. | 2002 | 12164097 |
| microbiology of acute otitis externa. | to isolate and characterize bacteria and fungi from acute otitis externa (aoe) and to obtain susceptibility profiles on each bacterial isolate. | 2002 | 12169893 |
| legionnaires disease with bacteremic coinfection. | we describe 6 patients who had bacteremic community-acquired pneumonia and unsuspected legionella pneumophila coinfection. we reviewed case records of patients who were diagnosed as having a recent legionella infection on the basis of either the presence of l. pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen in urine or a 4-fold increase in l. pneumophila antibody level and with a blood culture that yielded a bacterium other than l. pneumophila. three patients were diagnosed with legionellosis on the basis of th ... | 2002 | 12173126 |
| interaction of bacterial toxin with leukocytes measured by flow cytometry. | enterobacter cloacae toxin was purified in the form of monomer and polymer. both forms stimulated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) at sublytic concentration; the oxidative stress produced was studied by using chemiluminescence (cl). the alteration generated caused death of leukocytes, especially at high toxin concentration. polymeric toxin produced more oxidative stress than the monomeric one. cytometry allowed the detection of more toxin binding to neutrophils rather than to mono ... | 2002 | 12177737 |
| detection of proteobacteria from the rumen by pcr using methanotroph-specific primers. | to detect proteobacteria, including methanotrophs, from the rumen fluid and the bacteria inhabiting the rumen epithelium. | 2002 | 12180951 |
| mutation of rpia in enterobacter cloacae decreases seed and root colonization and biocontrol of damping-off caused by pythium ultimum on cucumber. | strains of enterobacter cloacae show promise as biocontrol agents for pythium ultimum-induced damping-off on cucumber and other crops. e. cloacae a145 is a mini-tn5 km transposon mutant of strain 501r3 that was significantly reduced in suppression of damping-off on cucumber caused by p. ultimum. strain a145 was deficient in colonization of cucumber, sunflower, and wheat seeds and significantly reduced in colonization of corn and cowpea seeds relative to strain 501r3. populations of strain a145 w ... | 2002 | 12182339 |
| identification of bacteria in drinking and purified water during the monitoring of a typical water purification system. | a typical purification system that provides purified water which meets ionic and organic chemical standards, must be protected from microbial proliferation to minimize cross-contamination for use in cleaning and preparations in pharmaceutical industries and in health environments. | 2002 | 12182763 |
| method for estimation of low outer membrane permeability to beta-lactam antibiotics. | the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria plays a major role in beta-lactam resistance as it slows down antibiotic entry into the periplasm and therefore acts in synergy with beta-lactamases and efflux systems. up to now, the quantitative estimation of low outer membrane permeability by the method of zimmermann and rosselet was difficult because of the secreted and cell surface-associated beta-lactamases. the method presented here uses the acylation of a highly sensitive periplasmic penicilli ... | 2002 | 12183245 |
| beta-lactamases of kluyvera ascorbata, probable progenitors of some plasmid-encoded ctx-m types. | kluyvera ascorbata produces a beta-lactamase that results in an atypical susceptibility pattern, including low-level resistance to penicillins, cephalothin, and cefuroxime, but this resistance is reversed by clavulanate. ten nucleotide sequences of the corresponding gene, bla(klua), were obtained and were found to have minor variations (96 to 100%). otherwise, bla(klua) was found to be similar (95 to 100%) to some plasmid-encoded ctx-m-type beta-lactamases. finally, mobilization of bla(klua) on ... | 2002 | 12183268 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of dw286, a new fluoronaphthyridone antibiotic. | the in vitro and in vivo activities of dw286, a novel fluoronaphthyridone with potent antibacterial activity, were compared with those of ciprofloxacin, gemifloxacin, sparfloxacin, and trovafloxacin. against gram-positive bacteria, such as staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and enterococcus faecalis, the in vitro activity of dw286 was stronger than that of any other reference antibiotic. against gram-negative bacteria, the activity of dw286 was similar t ... | 2002 | 12183275 |
| prba, a gene coding for an esterase hydrolyzing parabens in enterobacter cloacae and enterobacter gergoviae strains. | the new gene prba encodes an esterase responsible for the hydrolysis of the ester bond of parabens in enterobacter cloacae strain em. this gene is located on the chromosome of strain em and was cloned by several pcr approaches. the prba gene codes for an immature protein of 533 amino acids, the first 31 of which represent a proposed signal peptide yielding a mature protein of a putative molecular mass of 54.6 kda. this enzyme presents analogies with other type b carboxylesterases, mainly of euka ... | 2002 | 12193616 |
| amplification of the tetracycline resistance determinant of pamalpha1 in enterococcus faecalis requires a site-specific recombination event involving relaxase. | the small multicopy plasmid pamalpha1 (9.75 kb) encoding tetracycline resistance in enterococcus faecalis is known to generate tandem repeats of a 4.1-kb segment carrying tet(l) when cells are grown extensively in the presence of tetracycline. here we show that the initial (rate-limiting) step involves a site-specific recombination event involving plasmid-encoded relaxase activity acting at two recombination sequences (rs1 and rs2) that flank the tet determinant. we also present the complete nuc ... | 2002 | 12193637 |
| antimicrobial resistance of bacterial organisms isolated from rats. | to determine if antimicrobial resistance occurs in various bacterial species isolated from rats. | 2001 | 12199446 |
| genotypic diversity of clinical actinomyces species: phenotype, source, and disease correlation among genospecies. | we determined the frequency distribution of actinomyces spp. recovered in a routine clinical laboratory and investigated the clinical significance of accurate identification to the species level. we identified 92 clinical strains of actinomyces, including 13 strains in the related arcanobacterium-actinobaculum taxon, by 16s rrna gene sequence analysis and recorded their biotypes, sources, and disease associations. the clinical isolates clustered into 21 genogroups. twelve genogroups (74 strains) ... | 2002 | 12202591 |
| rate, risk factors, and outcomes of nosocomial primary bloodstream infection in pediatric intensive care unit patients. | the objective of this study was to determine the rate, risk factors, and outcomes of nosocomial primary bloodstream infection in pediatric intensive care unit (picu) patients. | 2002 | 12205248 |
| purification, substrate range, and metal center of atzc: the n-isopropylammelide aminohydrolase involved in bacterial atrazine metabolism. | n-isopropylammelide isopropylaminohydrolase, atzc, the third enzyme in the atrazine degradation pathway in pseudomonas sp. strain adp, catalyzes the stoichiometric hydrolysis of n-isopropylammelide to cyanuric acid and isopropylamine. the atzc gene was cloned downstream of the tac promoter and expressed in escherichia coli, where the expressed enzyme comprised 36% of the soluble protein. atzc was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation and phenyl column chromatography. it has a ... | 2002 | 12218024 |
| dynamic diversity of the tryptophan pathway in chlamydiae: reductive evolution and a novel operon for tryptophan recapture. | complete genomic sequences of closely related organisms, such as the chlamydiae, afford the opportunity to assess significant strain differences against a background of many shared characteristics. the chlamydiae are ubiquitous intracellular parasites that are important pathogens of humans and other organisms. tryptophan limitation caused by production of interferon-gamma by the host and subsequent induction of indoleamine dioxygenase is a key aspect of the host-parasite interaction. it appears ... | 2002 | 12225590 |
| impact of previous use of antibiotics on development of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in patients with enterobacter bacteremia. | this retrospective study was conducted to determine the risk factors for resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (escs) and to examine the influence of previous use of an aminoglycoside with an esc on resistance to escs in patients with enterobacter bacteremia from january 1991 through december 2000. a total of 423 episodes of enterobacter bacteremia among 414 patients were documented during the 10-year study period. three hundred thirty-two (78%) isolates were enterobacter cloacae, 72 (1 ... | 2002 | 12226687 |
| identification of a streptolysin s-associated gene cluster and its role in the pathogenesis of streptococcus iniae disease. | streptococcus iniae causes meningoencephalitis and death in cultured fish species and soft-tissue infection in humans. we recently reported that s. iniae is responsible for local tissue necrosis and bacteremia in a murine subcutaneous infection model. the ability to cause bacteremia in this model is associated with a genetic profile unique to strains responsible for disease in fish and humans (j. d. fuller, d. j. bast, v. nizet, d. e. low, and j. c. s. de azavedo, infect. immun. 69:1994-2000, 20 ... | 2002 | 12228303 |
| discovery of a novel and potent class of fabi-directed antibacterial agents. | bacterial enoyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) reductase (fabi) catalyzes the final step in each elongation cycle of bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis and is an attractive target for the development of new antibacterial agents. high-throughput screening of the staphylococcus aureus fabi enzyme identified a novel, weak inhibitor with no detectable antibacterial activity against s. aureus. iterative medicinal chemistry and x-ray crystal structure-based design led to the identification of compound 4 [( ... | 2002 | 12234833 |
| inducible ampc beta-lactamase of a new member enterobacteriaceae. | extensive biochemical testing and 16s rrna and rpob sequence analysis revealed that clinical strain cf01ent1, initially identified as buttiauxella agrestis by the use of api 32 biochemical strips, is a new organism in the enterobacteriaceae family. it produced an inducible ampc-type beta-lactamase whose sequence shares 69 to 72% identity with those of the other ampc-type beta-lactamases of enterobacteriaceae: this enzyme exhibits an atypical high affinity for all beta-lactams tested. | 2002 | 12234870 |
| structural requirements of the mrna for intracistronic translation initiation of the enterobacterial infb gene. | the gene infb encodes the prokaryotic translation initiation factor if2, a central macromolecular component in the formation of the ribosomal 70s initiation complex. in escherichia coli, infb encodes three forms of if2: if2alpha, if2beta and if2gamma. the expression of if2beta and if2gamma is a tandem translation from intact infb mrna and not merely a translation of post-transcriptionally truncated mrna. the molecular mechanism responsible for the ribosomal recognition of the two intracistronic ... | 2002 | 12296821 |
| diversity of endophytic bacterial populations and their interaction with xylella fastidiosa in citrus plants. | citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc) is caused by xylella fastidiosa, a phytopathogenic bacterium that can infect all citrus sinensis cultivars. the endophytic bacterial communities of healthy, resistant, and cvc-affected citrus plants were studied by using cultivation as well as cultivation-independent techniques. the endophytic communities were assessed in surface-disinfected citrus branches by plating and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). dominant isolates were characterized by fat ... | 2002 | 12324338 |
| metallo-beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae isolates in a university hospital in taiwan: prevalence of imp-8 in enterobacter cloacae and first identification of vim-2 in citrobacter freundii. | a total of 9082 clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae other than klebsiella spp. collected in 1999 and 2000 at a university hospital in taiwan were investigated for the production of metallo- beta-lactamases (mbls). thirty-six (2.9%) of the 1261 enterobacter cloacae isolates and one (0.3%) of the 340 citrobacter freundii isolates were found to carry bla(imp-8) and bla(vim-2), respectively, by colony hybridization, pcr and sequence analysis. the imp-8 producers were recovered from 20 patients a ... | 2002 | 12356794 |
| enterobacter cloacae infection and colonization in a neonatal intensive care unit. | | 2002 | 12372331 |
| cefcapene inactivates chromosome-encoded class c beta-lactamases. | the stability of cefcapene and cefpodoxime, oral antibacterial cephalosporins, toward different classes of beta-lactamases was evaluated. for the class a beta-lactamases, tem-1, shv-1, and nmc-a, only the steady-state kinetic parameter ( k(cat)/ km) values were calculated (3100 - 1.1 x 10(7) m(-1) x s(-1)), because these enzymes have very high km values for cefpodoxime and cefotaxime. as for class b beta-lactamases l1, imp-1, and ccra, in general, similar k(cat)/ km values were obtained. however ... | 2002 | 12373482 |
| identification of a chromosome-borne expanded-spectrum class a beta-lactamase from erwinia persicina. | from whole-cell dna of an enterobacterial erwinia persicina reference strain that displayed a penicillinase-related antibiotic-resistant phenotype, a beta-lactamase gene was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. it encoded a clavulanic-acid-inhibited ambler class a beta-lactamase, erp-1, with a pi value of 8.1 and a relative molecular mass of ca. 28 kda. erp-1 shared 45 to 50% amino acid identity with the most closely related enzymes, the chromosomally encoded enzymes from citrobacter koseri ... | 2002 | 12384342 |
| constitutive high expression of chromosomal beta-lactamase in pseudomonas aeruginosa caused by a new insertion sequence (is1669) located in ampd. | the expression of chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase in pseudomonas aeruginosa is negatively regulated by the activity of an amidase, ampd. in the present study we examined resistant clinical p. aeruginosa strains and several resistant variants isolated from in vivo and in vitro biofilms for mutations in ampd to find evidence for the genetic changes leading to high-level expression of chromosomal beta-lactamase. a new insertion sequence, is1669, was found located in the ampd genes of two clinical p ... | 2002 | 12384343 |
| antimicrobial therapy for bacillus anthracis-induced polymicrobial infection in (60)co gamma-irradiated mice. | challenge with both nonlethal ionizing radiation and toxigenic bacillus anthracis spores increases the rate of mortality from a mixed bacterial infection. if biological weapons, such as b. anthracis spores, and nuclear weapons were used together, casualties could be more severe than they would be from the use of either weapon alone. we previously discovered that a polymicrobial infection developed in b6d2f(1)/j mice after nonlethal (7-gy) (60)co gamma irradiation and intratracheal challenge with ... | 2002 | 12384351 |
| class 1 integron-associated tobramycin-gentamicin resistance in campylobacter jejuni isolated from the broiler chicken house environment. | using pcr, we screened 105 isolates of poultry-associated campylobacter jejuni for the presence of class 1 integrons. of those isolates, 21% (22 of 105) possessed the integrase gene, but only 5 isolates produced an amplicon in a 5'-3' conserved sequence pcr directed toward amplification of the resistance cassettes. dna sequencing demonstrated that all five isolates possessed the aminoglycoside resistance gene, aaca4. | 2002 | 12384387 |
| in vitro activities of faropenem against 579 strains of anaerobic bacteria. | the activity of faropenem, a new oral penem, was tested against 579 strains of anaerobic bacteria by using the nccls-approved reference method. drugs tested included amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefoxitin, clindamycin, faropenem, imipenem, and metronidazole. of the 176 strains of bacteroides fragilis group isolates tested, two isolates had faropenem mics of 64 micro g/ml and imipenem mics of >32 micro g/ml. faropenem had an mic of 16 micro g/ml for an additional isolate of b. fragilis; this strain w ... | 2002 | 12384389 |
| cloning and sequencing of the beta-lactamase gene and surrounding dna sequences of citrobacter braakii, citrobacter murliniae, citrobacter werkmanii, escherichia fergusonii and enterobacter cancerogenus. | to further identify the origins of plasmid-mediated cephalosporinases that are currently spreading worldwide, the chromosomal beta-lactamase genes of citrobacter braakii, citrobacter murliniae, citrobacter werkmanii reference strains and of escherichia fergusonii and enterobacter cancerogenus clinical isolates were cloned and expressed into escherichia coli and sequenced. these beta-lactamases had all a single pi value >8 and conferred a typical ampc-type resistance pattern in e. coli recombinan ... | 2002 | 12393205 |
| the murein hydrolase of the bacteriophage phi3626 dual lysis system is active against all tested clostridium perfringens strains. | clostridium perfringens commonly occurs in food and feed, can produce an enterotoxin frequently implicated in food-borne disease, and has a substantial negative impact on the poultry industry. as a step towards new approaches for control of this organism, we investigated the cell wall lysis system of c. perfringens bacteriophage phi3626, whose dual lysis gene cassette consists of a holin gene and an endolysin gene. hol3626 has two membrane-spanning domains (msds) and is a group ii holin. a posit ... | 2002 | 12406719 |
| characterization of the mela locus for alpha-galactosidase in lactobacillus plantarum. | alpha-galactosides are abundant sugars in legumes such as soy. because of the lack of alpha-galactosidase (alpha-gal) in the digestive tract, humans are unable to digest these sugars, which consequently induce flatulence. to develop the consumption of the otherwise highly nutritional soy products, the use of exogenous alpha-gal is promising. in this framework, we characterized the mela gene for alpha-gal in lactobacillus plantarum. the mela gene encodes a cytoplasmic 84-kda protein whose enzymat ... | 2002 | 12406739 |
| alafosfalin as a selective agent for isolation of salmonella from clinical samples. | the selectivity of a range of culture media for the detection of salmonella was assessed using 435 strains of gram-negative bacteria. these media showed limited ability to inhibit non-salmonella strains found in stool samples. we report the evaluation of alafosfalin as a selective agent for isolation of salmonella from stool samples. susceptibility studies with this agent showed that non-typhi salmonella strains were relatively resistant (mean mic, 10.2 mg/liter) compared to many coliforms inclu ... | 2002 | 12409351 |
| real-time pcr method for detection of encephalitozoon intestinalis from stool specimens. | the prevalence of microsporidiosis is likely underestimated due to the labor-intensive, insensitive, and nonspecific clinical laboratory methods used for the diagnosis of this disease. a real-time pcr assay was designed to assess dna extraction methods and to detect three encephalitozoon species in feces. modifications of the magna pure lc dna isolation kit protocol (roche applied sciences, indianapolis, ind.) were compared by using the automated magna pure lc instrument (roche) and fecal specim ... | 2002 | 12409353 |
| study of an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit: the application of epidemiologic chromosome profiling by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | from october 1996 to march 1997, a cluster of 11 cases of neonatal sepsis caused by enterobacter cloacae with similar antimicrobial susceptibility patterns occurred in a neonatal intensive care unit. this outbreak prompted an investigation. | 2002 | 12410213 |
| the use of enterobacter cloacae atcc 43560 in the development of a two-phase partitioning bioreactor for the destruction of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-s-triazine (rdx). | research on the biodegradation of explosives has focussed exclusively on the treatment of contaminated soil and water. in the present work the anaerobic degradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-s-triazine (rdx) by enterobacter cloacae atcc 43560 was investigated, and a two-phase partitioning bioreactor (tppb) was developed for the destruction of pure, past-date munitions. tppbs are characterized by a cell-containing aqueous phase, and an immiscible and biocompatible organic phase into which ... | 2003 | 12413787 |
| mutants of streptomyces clavuligerus with disruptions in different genes for clavulanic acid biosynthesis produce large amounts of holomycin: possible cross-regulation of two unrelated secondary metabolic pathways. | a streptomyces clavuligerus ccar::aph strain, which has a disruption in the regulatory gene ccar, does not produce cephamycin c or clavulanic acid, but does produce a bioactive compound that was identified as holomycin by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and infrared and mass spectrometry. s. clavuligerus strains with disruptions in different genes of the clavulanic acid pathway fall into three groups with respect to holomycin biosynthesis. (i) mutants with mutations in the early st ... | 2002 | 12426344 |
| resistance to a beta-lactam antibiotic appearing during therapy for enterobacter cloacae sepsis in a child. | | 2003 | 12426691 |
| an improved 16s rrna based pcr method for the specific detection of salmonella enterica. | a molecular method for the detection of salmonella enterica strains based on 16s rrna sequence analysis was developed by a modification of the previously described pcr primer 16sfi [j. appl. bacteriol. 80 (1996) 659], which was combined with a newly developed primer annealing at the position 66-82. only approximately two thirds of now determined salmonella 16s rrna sequences contained a region identical to the 16sfi primer sequence and the reverse primer 16siii was also not specific. combined, t ... | 2003 | 12430773 |
| occurrence of newer beta-lactamases in klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 24 u.s. hospitals. | despite the discovery of novel beta-lactamases such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls), imported ampc, and carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases at least a decade ago, there remains a low level of awareness of their importance and how to detect them. there is a need to increase the levels of awareness of clinical laboratories about the detection of newer beta-lactamases. therefore, a study was conducted in 2000 to investigate the occurrence of these beta-lactamases in klebsiella pneum ... | 2002 | 12435685 |
| evolution of multiresistance in nontyphoid salmonella serovars from 1984 to 1998 in argentina. | molecular evolution of multiresistance in nontyphoid salmonella spp. was investigated with 155 isolates obtained in argentina from 1984 to 1998. in 74 isolates obtained from 1984 to 1988 resistance was associated with the presence of tn3, tn9, class i (in0) and ii (tn7) integrons, and the aac(3)-iia gene. extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc) resistance in salmonella spp. emerged in 1989, and 81 isolates resistant to at least one esc and one aminoglycoside were collected thereafter. among these, ... | 2002 | 12435702 |
| chromosome-encoded ambler class a beta-lactamase of kluyvera georgiana, a probable progenitor of a subgroup of ctx-m extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. | a chromosome-encoded beta-lactamase gene, cloned and expressed in escherichia coli from kluyvera georgiana reference strain cuetm 4246-74 (dsm 9408), encoded the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase klug-1, which shared 99% amino acid identity with the plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase ctx-m-8. this work provides further evidence that kluyvera spp. may be the progenitor(s) of ctx-m-type beta-lactamases. | 2002 | 12435721 |
| identification of tem-10 beta-lactamase in a kluyvera sp. and other enterobacteriaceae at a portuguese hospital. | | 2002 | 12435722 |
| isolation and characterization of bacteria from crude petroleum oil contaminated soil and their potential to degrade diesel fuel. | potential hydrocarbon degrader bacteria were isolated from soil samples that have been exposed to crude petroleum oil spills. bacterial population of these polluted soils showed counts ranging between 9.5 x 10(5) and 237.5 x 10(5) cfu/g soil with 2 different colony types of bacterial strains which have been recovered on the agar plates. results indicated that longer aged contamination exhibited a greater number of microorganisms. phenotypic examination of the recovered bacteria revealed that the ... | 2002 | 12442304 |
| [antibiotypes of bacterial strains isolated from patients at the intensive care units]. | the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in intensive care units has permitted the selection of multiple resistant bacterial strains in the hospital setting. antibiograms present the sensitivity or resistance of these strains to drugs in current use. in this study, 100 bacterial strains were isolated from patients on medical and surgical icu wards. the strains were identified by api-20e and sensitivity testing was performed by the e-test procedure. mic were further analyzed with the whonet software ... | 1999 | 12442733 |
| flavin thermodynamics explain the oxygen insensitivity of enteric nitroreductases. | bacterial nitroreductases are nad(p)h-dependent flavoenzymes which catalyze the oxygen-insensitive reduction of nitroaromatics, quinones, and riboflavin derivatives. despite their broad substrate specificity, their reactivity is very specific for two-electron, not one-electron, chemistry. we now describe the thermodynamic properties of the flavin mononucleotide cofactor of enterobacter cloacae nitroreductase (nr), determined under a variety of solution conditions. the two-electron redox midpoint ... | 2002 | 12450383 |
| enumeration of legionella cfu by colony hybridization using specific dna probes. | oligonucleotide probes and colony hybridization (ch) were applied to enumerate organisms of the genus legionella in cooling tower water. the ch counts indicated almost the same results as cfu counts in cultivated samples derived from the water. it was concluded that it is possible to substitute the ch procedure for the conventional one. | 2002 | 12450880 |
| rapid detection of phylloplane bacterium enterobacter cloacae based on chitinase gene transformation and lytic infection by specific bacteriophages. | to establish a rapid and efficient method for detecting enterobacter cloacae based on chitinase gene transformation and lytic infection by virulent bacteriophages. | 2002 | 12452961 |
| biochemistry and comparative genomics of sxxk superfamily acyltransferases offer a clue to the mycobacterial paradox: presence of penicillin-susceptible target proteins versus lack of efficiency of penicillin as therapeutic agent. | the bacterial acyltransferases of the sxxk superfamily vary enormously in sequence and function, with conservation of particular amino acid groups and all-alpha and alpha/beta folds. they occur as independent entities (free-standing polypeptides) and as modules linked to other polypeptides (protein fusions). they can be classified into three groups. the group i sxxk d,d-acyltransferases are ubiquitous in the bacterial world. they invariably bear the motifs sxxk, sxn(d), and kt(s)g. anchored in t ... | 2002 | 12456788 |
| enterobacter cloacae rpos promoter and gene organization. | the upstream region of the enterobacter cloacae strain cect960 rpos gene was sequenced. an is 10r element was found within the nlpd gene, between rposp and rpos. the rpos promoter, although functional, did not drive transcription of the gene in this strain. however, rpos transcription depended on this promoter in strains that lacked the insertion sequence in nlpd. rposp showed growth-phase-dependent, sigma(s)-independent regulation. transcription from rposp was strongly inhibited by glucose even ... | 2002 | 12471502 |
| regional occurrence of plasmid-mediated shv-7, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, in enterobacter cloacae in philadelphia teaching hospitals. | although the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) by klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli is an emerging problem, limited data are available regarding the frequency of esbl production in other organisms. we provide the only description of regional occurrence of shv-7 in enterobacteriaceae other than e. coli or k. pneumoniae in the united states, and we emphasize that, among enterobacter cloacae strains, not all resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins is the result ... | 2002 | 12471576 |
| application of a real-time biosensor to detect bacteria in platelet concentrates. | a spore-based biosensor for detecting low levels of bacteria in real-time has been recently developed. the system (termed lexsas, label-free exponential signal-amplification system) exploits spore's ability to produce fluorescence when sensing neighboring bacterial cells. we studied the lexsas as a possible approach for identifying bacterially contaminated platelet concentrates prior to transfusion because the system offers rapid analysis, high sensitivity, and low cost. if successful, this appr ... | 2003 | 12480543 |
| neonatal sepsis: high antibiotic resistance of the bacterial pathogens in a neonatal intensive care unit in karachi. | to study the bacterial pathogens causing neonatal sepsis and their sensitivity pattern so that guidelines can be prepared for empirical antibiotic therapy. | 2002 | 12481673 |
| chemical complementation: a reaction-independent genetic assay for enzyme catalysis. | a high-throughput assay for enzyme activity has been developed that is reaction independent. in this assay, a small-molecule yeast three-hybrid system is used to link enzyme catalysis to transcription of a reporter gene in vivo. here we demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by using a well-studied enzyme-catalyzed reaction, cephalosporin hydrolysis by the enterobacter cloacae p99 cephalosporinase (beta-lactam hydrolase, ec ). we show that the three-hybrid system can be used to read out ce ... | 2002 | 12482929 |
| gene function: getting specific, generally speaking. | | 2002 | 12486243 |
| activities of the glycylcycline tigecycline (gar-936) against 1,924 recent european clinical bacterial isolates. | the in vitro activities of tigecycline against 1,924 clinical isolates were examined. the new glycylcycline exhibited excellent activity against all gram-positive cocci (mics at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited [mic(90)s], <or=1 microg/ml). in addition, it was also very potent against most members of the enterobacteriaceae, with most mic(90)s being <or=2 microg/ml. among the nonfermenters, acinetobacter spp. and stenotrophomonas maltophilia are included in the in vitro spectrum of ... | 2003 | 12499224 |
| [the expression of ampc and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae and its impact on antibiotics susceptibility]. | to investigate the expression of ampc beta-lactamases and esbl among clinical isolates of e. cloacae and its impact on antibiotic susceptibility. | 2002 | 12509943 |
| multicenter validation of the analytical accuracy of salmonella pcr: towards an international standard. | as part of a major international project for the validation and standardization of pcr for detection of five major food-borne pathogens, four primer sets specific for salmonella species were evaluated in-house for their analytical accuracy (selectivity and detection limit) in identifying 43 salmonella spp. and 47 non-salmonella strains. the most selective primer set was found to be 139-141 (k. rahn, s. a. de grandis, r. c. clarke, s. a. mcewen, j. e. galán, c. ginocchio, r. curtiss iii, and c. l ... | 2003 | 12514007 |
| occurrence and phenotypic characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among members of the family enterobacteriaceae at the tel-aviv medical center (israel) and evaluation of diagnostic tests. | we assessed the prevalence and phenotypic characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producers among cefuroxime-resistant (cxm-r) (mic > or = 32 micro g/ml) members of the family enterobacteriaceae in our institution. the 438 cxm-r clinical isolates obtained from nonurine sources among inpatients were screened. esbl production was confirmed by disk diffusion assay using cefpodoxime (cpd), cefotaxime (ctx), and ceftazidime (ctz) with and without clavulanate (clav). a difference of ... | 2003 | 12517841 |
| comparison of recovery of blood culture isolates from two bact/alert fan aerobic blood culture bottles with recovery from one fan aerobic bottle and one fan anaerobic bottle. | traditionally, a routine blood culture for adult patients consisted of paired aerobic and anaerobic bottles, but the routine use of an anaerobic blood culture bottle has been challenged in recent years. in this study, we compared the recovery of two fan aerobic bottles with one fan aerobic and one fan anaerobic bottle. each pair of bottles was collected by a separate collection procedure, and each bottle held a recommended 8- to 12-ml draw. a total of 704 clinically significant isolates were rec ... | 2003 | 12517851 |
| rapid detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus directly from sterile or nonsterile clinical samples by a new molecular assay. | a rapid procedure was developed for detection and identification of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) directly from sterile sites or mixed flora samples (e.g., nose or inguinal swabs). after a rapid conditioning of samples, the method consists of two main steps: (i) immunomagnetic enrichment in s. aureus and (ii) amplification-detection profile on dna extracts using multiplex quantitative pcr (5'-exonuclease qpcr, taqman). the triplex qpcr assay measures simultaneously the follo ... | 2003 | 12517857 |
| evaluation of a novel automated chemiluminescent assay system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. | the newly developed rapid lumi eiken/is60 (rl/is60) system automatically determines mics by detecting chemiluminescence produced in the reaction of a chemiluminescent probe and oxygen metabolites from living microorganisms. the present study evaluated this system for accuracy in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. chemiluminescence intensities after 4 h of cultivation of clinically important strains were plotted against various concentrations of antimicrobial agents, which resulted in curves r ... | 2003 | 12517861 |
| performance evaluation of the versant hcv rna qualitative assay by using transcription-mediated amplification. | a preclinical evaluation of a qualitative assay for the detection of hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna by transcription-mediated amplification (tma) was conducted according to the guidelines of the national committee for clinical laboratory standards and the u.s. food and drug administration. our results showed that this assay, hcv tma, detected 95% of samples with hcv rna concentrations of 5.3 iu/ml and 29 copies/ml. hcv tma showed an overall specificity of 99.6% and was highly reproducible, detectin ... | 2003 | 12517866 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility testing of carbapenems: multicenter validity testing and accuracy levels of five antimicrobial test methods for detecting resistance in enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. | from january 1996 to may 1999, project icare (intensive care antimicrobial resistance epidemiology) received 448 nonduplicate clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa that were reported to be imipenem intermediate or resistant. however, broth microdilution (bmd) confirmatory testing at the project icare central laboratory confirmed this result in only 11 of 123 (8.9%) enterobacteriaceae isolates and 241 of 325 (74.2%) p. aeruginosa isolates. to investigate this overdete ... | 2003 | 12517872 |
| evaluation of microscan autoscan for identification of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. | accurate identification of gram-negative bacilli from cystic fibrosis (cf) patients is essential. only 57% (108 of 189) of nonmucoid strains and 40% (24 of 60) of mucoid strains were definitively identified as pseudomonas aeruginosa with microscan autoscan. most common misidentifications were pseudomonas fluorescens-pseudomonas putida (i.e., the strain was either p. fluorescens or p. putida, but the system did not make the distinction and yielded the result p. fluorescens/putida) and alcaligenes ... | 2003 | 12517904 |
| resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in food-related bacteria. | microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents continues to be a major problem. the frequent use and misuse of disinfectants based on quaternary ammonium compounds (qacs) in food-processing industries have imposed a selective pressure and may contribute to the emergence of disinfectant-resistant microorganisms. a total number of 1,325 gram-negative isolates (escherichia coli, other coliforms vibrio spp., and aeromonas spp.) and 500 enterococcus spp. from food and food-processing industries and fis ... | 2002 | 12523638 |
| evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of drugs for urinary tract infections by genotyping based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). | we attempted to determine whether the same bacterium isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (uti) before and after treatment with antimicrobial agents was of the same strain ("persisted") or of a different strain ("changed"). furthermore, to verify the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents for uti, we investigated whether bacterial strains could be classified as persisted or changed based on their electrophoretic patterns in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). we examined eigh ... | 2002 | 12525898 |
| noti passporting to identify species composition of complex microbial systems. | we describe here a new method for large-scale scanning of microbial genomes on a quantitative and qualitative basis. to achieve this aim we propose to create noti passports: databases containing noti tags. we demonstrated that these tags comprising 19 bp of sequence information could be successfully generated using dna isolated from intestinal or fecal samples. such noti passports allow the discrimination between closely related bacterial species and even strains. this procedure for generating r ... | 2003 | 12527794 |
| [antibacterial activities and pk/pd parameters of aminoglycosides against recent clinical isolates of gram-negative rods]. | we examined antibacterial activities and pk/pd parameters of six kinds of aminoglycosides against seven bacterial species of clinical isolates in 2001. aminoglycoseides examined were gentamicin (gm), dibekacin (dkb), tobramycin (tob), amikacin (amk), netilmicin (ntl), and isepamicin (isp), and bacterial isolates used were each 50 strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, proteus spp., serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa. all aminog ... | 2002 | 12532635 |
| the high-pathogenicity island is absent in human pathogens of salmonella enterica subspecies i but present in isolates of subspecies iii and vi. | in this study we tested 74 salmonella strains of all eight salmonella groups and were able to demonstrate the presence of two high-pathogenicity island types in strains of salmonella groups iiia, iiib, and vi. most high-pathogenicity island-positive isolates produced yersiniabactin under iron-limited conditions and were positive for the high-molecular-weight proteins hmwp1 and hmwp2. | 2003 | 12533488 |
| prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. | quinolone resistance encoded by the qnr gene and mediated by plasmid pmg252 was discovered in a clinical strain of klebsiella pneumoniae that was isolated in 1994 at the university of alabama at birmingham medical center. the gene codes for a protein that protects dna gyrase from quinolone inhibition and that belongs to the pentapeptide repeat family of proteins. the prevalence of the gene has been investigated by using pcr with qnr-specific primers with a sample of more than 350 gram-negative s ... | 2003 | 12543659 |
| in vivo acquisition of ceftriaxone resistance in salmonella enterica serotype anatum. | the emergence of resistance to antimicrobial agents within the salmonellas is a worldwide and severe problem. a case of treatment failure due to the emergence of resistance to ceftriaxone in salmonella enterica serotype anatum was studied. s. enterica serotype anatum and escherichia coli, both of which are susceptible to ceftriaxone, were initially isolated from a diabetic patient hospitalized for the treatment of wound and urinary tract infections. resistant s. enterica serotype anatum and e. c ... | 2003 | 12543660 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium bla(per-1)-carrying plasmid psti1 encodes an extended-spectrum aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase of type ib. | we have studied the aminoglycoside resistance gene, which confers high levels of resistance to both amikacin and gentamicin, that is carried by plasmid psti1 in the per-1 beta-lactamase-producing strain of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium previously isolated in turkey. this gene, called aac(6')-ib(11), was found in a class 1 integron and codes for a protein of 188 amino acids, a fusion product between the n-terminal moiety (8 amino acids) of the signal peptide of the beta-lactamase oxa-1 ... | 2003 | 12543680 |
| clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: prevalence of ctx-m-3 at a hospital in china. | the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains was demonstrated in 5 of 44 (11.4%) escherichia coli, 17 of 43 (39.5%) klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 of 50 (6.0%) enterobacter cloacae, and 2 of 25 (8.0%) citrobacter freundii strains at a teaching hospital in china. nineteen of these 27 strains expressed ctx-m-3 beta-lactamase (pi 8.6). a subset of the clinical isolates expressing the ctx-m-3 enzyme, tested by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, revealed multiple clones. five isolate ... | 2003 | 12543694 |
| levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in vitro activities against 4,003 clinical bacterial isolates collected in 24 italian laboratories. | levofloxacin showed comparable in vitro susceptibility to ciprofloxacin among enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococci, and staphylococcus aureus, while greater susceptibility was observed in stenotrophomonas maltophilia and staphylococcus epidermidis, mainly when oxacillin resistant. the susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae to levofloxacin reached 99%. | 2003 | 12543701 |
| [expression of the chia gene from serratia marcescens in both strain e26 and strain ng13, nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with rice root]. | a 1.8 kb hinfi fragment carrying the chitinase gene (chia) from serratia marcescens was cloned into the expression vector pkk223-3 and the plasmid pmc71a, yielded the plasmid pkchia and the plasmid pmchia respectively. both plasmid pkchia and plasmid pmchia were used to transform to the enterobacter cloacae strain e26 and the klebsiella oxytoca strain ng13, two nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with rice root. the chia gene could be highly expressed in the chia+ transformants of the strain e26 ... | 2001 | 12552824 |
| purification and characterization of prba, a new esterase from enterobacter cloacae hydrolyzing the esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens). | the esterase prba from enterobacter cloacae strain em has previously been shown to confer additional resistance to the esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) to two species of enterobacter. the prba protein has been purified from e. cloacae strain em using a three-step protocol resulting in a 60-fold increase in specific activity. the molecular mass of the mature enzyme was determined to be 54,619 +/- 1 da by mass spectrometry. it is highly active against a series of parabens with alkyl grou ... | 2003 | 12556461 |
| novel antibiotic-resistance markers in pgk12-derived vectors for borrelia burgdorferi. | extension of molecular genetics studies in borrelia burgdorferi has been hampered by a lack of a variety of antibiotic resistance selective markers. such markers are critical for isolation of b. burgdorferi strains with multiple mutants, for complementation with different cloning vectors, and for methods such as negative selection and reporter genes. to remedy this lack, resistance to various antibiotics of non-infectious (b31, 297) and infectious (n40) b. burgdorferi strains was examined and ve ... | 2003 | 12559574 |
| characterization of a new integron containing vim-2, a metallo- beta-lactamase gene cassette, in a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae. | we report the first description of a new integron containing bla(vim-2), a metallo-beta-lactamase gene from enterobacter cloacae ku680, which was isolated from peritoneal fluid of a liver cirrhosis patient in south korea. antibiotic susceptibility testing, and modified hodge and edta-disc synergy tests, were carried out to screen for metallo-beta-lactamase-producing strains. pcr and sequence analysis were used to identify and analyse the bla(vim-2)-containing integron. the isolate was resistant ... | 2003 | 12562709 |
| differential inactivation of seed exudate stimulation of pythium ultimum sporangium germination by enterobacter cloacae influences biological control efficacy on different plant species. | this study was initiated to understand whether differential biological control efficacy of enterobacter cloacae on various plant species is due to differences in the ability of e. cloacae to inactivate the stimulatory activity of seed exudates to pythium ultimum sporangium germination. in biological control assays, e. cloacae was effective in controlling pythium damping-off when placed on the seeds of carrot, cotton, cucumber, lettuce, radish, tomato, and wheat but failed to protect corn and pea ... | 2003 | 12571037 |
| optimum detection times for bacteria and yeast species with the bactec 9120 aerobic blood culture system: evaluation for a 5-year period in a turkish university hospital. | we tracked and documented the time of positivity of blood cultures by using the bactec 9120 (becton dickinson diagnostic instrument systems) blood culture system over a 5-year study period. a 7-day protocol of the incubation period was selected, and a total of 11156 blood cultures were evaluated. the clinically significant microorganisms (32.95%) were isolated in 3676 specimens. gram-positive and -negative bacterial isolation rates were found to be 41.07 and 44.88%, respectively. yeasts were fou ... | 2003 | 12574291 |
| inhibition of beta-lactamases by monocyclic acyl phosph(on)ates. | the cyclic acyl phosph(on)ates, 1-hydroxy-5-phenyl-2,6-dioxaphosphorinone(3)-1-oxide, its 4-phenyl isomer, and the phosphonate (2-oxo) analogue of the latter inhibited typical class a (tem-2) and class c (enterobacter cloacae p99) beta-lactamases in a time-dependent fashion. no enzyme-catalyzed turnover was detected in any case. the interactions occurring were interpreted in terms of the reaction scheme e + i left arrow over right arrow ei left arrow over right arrow ei', where ei is a reversibl ... | 2003 | 12578365 |
| relish-mediated immune deficiency in the transgenic mosquito aedes aegypti. | the lack of genetic means has been a serious limitation in studying mosquito immunity. we generated relish-mediated immune deficiency (rmid) by transforming aedes aegypti with the delta rel transgene driven by the vitellogenin (vg) promoter using the pbac[3xp3-egfp, afm] vector. a stable transformed line had a single copy of the vg-delta rel transgene. the vg-delta rel transgene expression was highly activated by blood feeding, and transgenic mosquitoes were extremely susceptible to the infectio ... | 2003 | 12594340 |
| [beta-lactamase-producing activity and antimicrobial susceptibility of major pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples. japan beta-lactamase research group]. | beta-lactamase production and susceptibility to an assortment of antimicrobial agents were examined in 9,483 strains of organisms isolated from clinical materials obtained from inpatients and outpatients at 104 institutions throughout japan from december 1999 to february 2000. the organisms were staphylococcus aureus, 1,369 strains, including 847 methicillin-resistant (mrsa) strains; enterococcus faecalis, 735 strains; enterococcus faecium, 302 strains; moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, 730 s ... | 2002 | 12599526 |
| [antimicrobial susceptibility and beta-lactamase producibility of bacteria clinically isolated during the period from december 1999 to february 2000]. | antimicrobial susceptibility and beta-lactamase producibility were tested in 848 clinical strains collected at 8 hospitals in kanagawa prefecture during the period from december 1999 to february 2000. positive rates of beta-lactamase used the nitrocefin method (cefinase) were 21.9% of staphylococcus aureus, 10.0% of haemophilus influenzae, and 99.0% of moraxella catarrhalis. furthermore, on the acidometric method (p/case test) penicillinase (pcase), cephalosporinase (cepase), and both of pcase a ... | 2002 | 12599529 |
| [antimicrobial susceptibility and beta-lactamase types among clinical isolates during january and february 2000 in the kinki area of japan]. | we studied antimicrobial susceptibility and beta-lactamase types among clinical isolates in the kinki area of japan. eight hundreds isolates of eight organisms were collected by seven medical institutions during january and february 2000. the rates of beta-lactamase producing by using the chromogenic nitrocephin test were 68.0% against staphylococcus aureus isolates, 6.0% against haemophilus influenzae isolates, 98.0% against moraxella catarrhalis isolates. the rate of beta-lactamase negative am ... | 2002 | 12599530 |
| microbiology of choledochal bile in patients with choledocholithiasis admitted to a tertiary hospital. | the present study was designed to investigate the microbiology of choledochal bile of patients with cholangitis and choledocholithiasis. | 2003 | 12603536 |
| in vitro activity of s-3578, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of s-3578, a new parenteral cephalosporin, against clinical isolates was evaluated. the mics of the drug at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited were 4 micro g/ml for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and 2 micro g/ml for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis, which were fourfold higher than and equal to those of vancomycin, respectively. the anti-mrsa activity of s-3578 was considered to be due to its high affinity for penicill ... | 2003 | 12604523 |
| production of ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and imp-1 metallo beta-lactamase by five gram-negative bacilli: survey of clinical isolates from seven laboratories collected in 1998 and 2000, in the kinki region of japan. | the aim of this study was to research the distribution in the kinki region of japan of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) and metallo beta-lactamase (mbl). one thousand isolates, 200 of each of four enterobacterial species (i.e. escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens) and 200 of p. aeruginosa, were collected from seven different laboratories during two 2 month periods, one in 1998 and o ... | 2003 | 12615865 |
| identification of an unknown promoter, outiip, within the is10r element. | a novel promoter in is10r (outiip) has been found in one of its ends in an inverted position relative to promoter pout. outiip shows characteristics similar to those of rpos-dependent promoters such as a gearbox expression pattern. it is under catabolite repression and positively regulated by ppgpp or conditioned media. this opens new challenges in is10r transposition. | 2003 | 12618473 |
| a real-time pcr assay for the detection of campylobacter jejuni in foods after enrichment culture. | a real-time pcr assay was developed for the quantitative detection of campylobacter jejuni in foods after enrichment culture. the specificity of the assay for c. jejuni was demonstrated with a diverse range of campylobacter species, related organisms, and unrelated genera. the assay had a linear range of quantification over six orders of magnitude, and the limit of detection was approximately 12 genome equivalents. the assay was used to detect c. jejuni in both naturally and artificially contami ... | 2003 | 12620820 |
| comparison of methods for dna isolation from food samples for detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli by real-time pcr. | in this study, food samples were intentionally contaminated with escherichia coli o157:h7, and then dna was isolated by using four commercial kits. the isolated dna samples were compared by using real-time pcr detection of the shiga toxin genes. the four kits tested worked similarly. | 2003 | 12620880 |