| an outbreak of multiply resistant enterobacter cloacae in a neonatal intensive care unit. | | 2001 | 11428886 |
| kinetic study of two novel enantiomeric tricyclic beta-lactams which efficiently inactivate class c beta-lactamases. | a detailed kinetic study of the interaction between two ethylidene derivatives of tricyclic carbapenems, lek 156 and lek 157, and representative beta-lactamases and d-alanyl-d-alanine peptidases (dd-peptidases) is presented. both compounds are very efficient inactivators of the enterobacter cloacae 908r beta-lactamase, which is usually resistant to inhibition. preliminary experiments indicate that various extended-spectrum class c beta-lactamases (act-1, cmy-1, and mir-1) are also inactivated. w ... | 2001 | 11451677 |
| novel cefotaximase (ctx-m-16) with increased catalytic efficiency due to substitution asp-240-->gly. | three clinical strains (escherichia coli rio-6, e. coli rio-7, and enterobacter cloacae rio-9) collected in 1996 and 1999 from hospitals in rio de janeiro (brazil) were resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and gave a positive double-disk synergy test. two bla(ctx-m) genes encoding beta-lactamases of pl 7.9 and 8.2 were implicated in this resistance: the bla(ctx-m-9) gene observed in e. coli rio-7 and e. cloacae rio-9 and a novel ctx-m-encoding gene, designated bla(ctx-m-16), observed in e. ... | 2001 | 11451684 |
| novel class a beta-lactamase sed-1 from citrobacter sedlakii: genetic diversity of beta-lactamases within the citrobacter genus. | citrobacter sedlakii 2596, a clinical strain resistant to aminopenicillins, carboxypenicillins, and early cephalosporins such as cephalothin, but remaining susceptible to acylureidopenicillins, carbapenems, and later cephalosporins such as cefotaxime, was isolated from the bile of a patient treated with beta-lactam and quinolone antibiotics. the isolate produced an inducible class a beta-lactamase of pi 8.6, named sed-1, which was purified. characterized by a molecular mass of 30 kda, sed-1 pref ... | 2001 | 11451687 |
| molecular characterization of chromosomal class c beta-lactamase and its regulatory gene in ochrobactrum anthropi. | ochrobactrum anthropi, formerly known as cdc group vd, is an oxidase-producing, gram-negative, obligately aerobic, non-lactose-fermenting bacillus of low virulence that occasionally causes human infections. it is highly resistant to all beta-lactams except imipenem. a clinical isolate, slo74, and six reference strains were tested. mics of penicillins, aztreonam, and most cephalosporins tested, including cefotaxime and ceftazidime, were >128 microg/ml and of cefepime were 64 to >128 microg/ml. cl ... | 2001 | 11451692 |
| mutation in serratia marcescens ampc beta-lactamase producing high-level resistance to ceftazidime and cefpirome. | starting from a clinical isolate of serratia marcescens that produced a chromosomally encoded ampc beta-lactamase inducibly, we isolated by stepwise selection two laboratory mutants that showed high levels of resistance to some cephalosporins. the 98r mutant apparently overproduced the unaltered beta-lactamase constitutively, but the 520r mutant produced an altered enzyme, also constitutively. ceftazidime and cefpirome mics for the 520r mutant were much higher (512 and 64 microg/ml, respectively ... | 2001 | 11451693 |
| in vitro activities of abt-773, a new ketolide, against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | the comparative in vitro activities of abt-773 against 207 aerobic and 162 anaerobic antral sinus puncture isolates showed that erythromycin-resistant pneumococcal strains were susceptible to abt-773 (< or =0.125 microg/ml); the mic at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited for haemophilus influenzae and other haemophilus spp. was 4 microg/ml; and all moraxella spp. and beta-lactamase-producing prevotella species strains were inhibited by < or =0.125 microg/ml. among the anaerobes teste ... | 2001 | 11451698 |
| efficacy of cefepime versus ceftazidime in the treatment of adult pneumonia. | effective empiric treatment of pneumonia requires antibiotic coverage against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, including drug-resistant isolates. this study evaluated the efficacy of cefepime treatment in 20 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and 21 patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap), and ceftazidime treatment in 20 patients with hap. the mean age of patients was over 70 years. more than half of the patients had multiple lobe involvement. there was no signifi ... | 2001 | 11456359 |
| tract microflora in saudi patients with cholelithiasis. | to identify the microflora in the gallbladder of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstones, and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates, as well as the usefulness of gram staining of bile at the time of operation. | 2001 | 11469952 |
| properties of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by a strain of enterobacter isolated from pond water. | a bacterium which was isolated from pond water and identified as enterobacter cloacae produced a viscous extracellular polysaccharide when it was grown aerobically in a medium containing sucrose as a sole source of carbon. the maximum molecular weight of the polysaccharide was about 9.0 x 10(5). the polysaccharide was composed of fucose, galactose, glucose, and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 2:3:2:1, but the molecular weight and the molar ratio of the sugar component were different from tho ... | 2001 | 11471742 |
| resistance to antibiotics in injured coliforms isolated from drinking water. | we studied the antibiotic sensitivity of injured coliforms isolated from drinking water of la plata, argentina. the antibiotic sensitivity test by the agar diffusion method were proved in: klebsiella oxytoca (14 strains), enterobacter aerogenes (4 strains) and enterobacter cloacae genomic group 3 (14 strains). we found that while these impaired total coliforms were sensitive to piperacillin-tazobactam (taz), netilmicin (ntl), ofloxacin (oflx), and norfloxacin (nflx) (100%), they had resistant to ... | 2001 | 11471826 |
| isolation and in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity of phenylacetic acid and sodium phenylacetate from streptomyces humidus. | the antifungal substances sh-1 and sh-2 were isolated from streptomyces humidus strain s5-55 cultures by various purification procedures and identified as phenylacetic acid and sodium phenylacetate, respectively, based on the nuclear magnetic resonance, electron ionization mass spectral, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectral data. sh-1 and sh-2 completely inhibited the growth of pythium ultimum, phytophthora capsici, rhizoctonia solani, saccharomyces cerevisiae, and pseudomonas syringae p ... | 2001 | 11472958 |
| transmission of hepatitis c virus in a gynecological surgery setting. | a cluster of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections among gynecological patients who underwent surgical intervention in the same setting is described. an epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify the cases, the likely source of infection, and the route of transmission. four recent hcv infections were identified. based on molecular fingerprinting analysis and epidemiological investigation, transmission between the putative source patient (an hcv-positive woman who was the first patient ... | 2001 | 11474004 |
| characterization of clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae from 19 laboratories using the national committee for clinical laboratory standards extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detection methods. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) are enzymes found in gram-negative bacilli that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. in 1999, the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) published methods for screening and confirming the presence of esbls in klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, and escherichia coli. to evaluate the confirmation protocol, we tested 139 isolates of k. pneumoniae that were sent to project icare (intensive care an ... | 2001 | 11474005 |
| comparison of the bact/alert pf pediatric fan blood culture bottle with the standard pediatric blood culture bottle, the pedi-bact. | the performance of the bact/alert pf (organon-teknika corp., durham, n.c.), a new nonvented pediatric fan blood culture bottle, was compared to that of the original pediatric bottle, the pedi-bact, with matched aerobic cultures obtained from two separate facilities. a total of 244 clinically significant isolates were recovered from 4,015 compliant pairs. among the positive cultures, 170 (70%) isolates were detected in both the bact/alert pf and the pedi-bact bottles, while 47 (19%) isolates were ... | 2001 | 11474007 |
| evaluation of bactec myco/f lytic medium for recovery of mycobacteria, fungi, and bacteria from blood. | myco/f lytic medium (mfl), a liquid medium developed for use with the bactec 9240 blood culture system, was compared to the isolator system (is) for the recovery of fungi and to the bactec 13a medium for the recovery of mycobacteria. recovery of bacteria was compared to routine bactec plus aerobic/f (af) blood cultures. microbial growth was detected in 203 (17%) of 1,166 blood cultures. fifty-seven specimens were positive for fungi: 35 were positive with both is and mfl; six were positive with i ... | 2001 | 11474016 |
| evaluation of vitek 2 rapid identification and susceptibility testing system against gram-negative clinical isolates. | a total of 281 strains of miscellaneous members of the family enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other gram-negative bacteria were evaluated by use of identification tests with the vitek 2 system (biomérieux) and an api identification system (biomérieux). a total of 237 (95%) strains were correctly identified to the species level. only six (2.1%) strains were misidentified, and eight (2.8%) strains were not identified. among 14 strains with discrepant identifications, 8 (57.1%) stra ... | 2001 | 11474023 |
| cefepime in vitro activity against derepressed extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing and non-esbl-producing enterobacter cloacae by a disc diffusion method. | | 2001 | 11481313 |
| rapid contrasting of ultrathin sections using microwave irradiation with heat dissipation. | the use of microwave irradiation (mwi) to accelerate fixation, dehydration and contrasting (staining) for electron microscopy has been applied to the development of rapid methods to process biological samples in electron microscopy. a simple explanation is that the reduced time in those procedures is due to heating. in this paper we propose a contrasting method for thin sections that avoids the thermal effects of mwi. grids with thin sections of mouse kidney, the dinoflagellate alexandrium monil ... | 2001 | 11489081 |
| further studies on rpos in enterobacteria: identification of rpos in enterobacter cloacae and kluyvera cryocrescens. | rpos, the alternative sigma factor sigma(s), is important for bacterial survival under extreme conditions. many enterobacteria are opportunistic human pathogens and their ability to survive in a changing environment could be an essential step for their virulence. to determine the presence of this gene in enteric bacteria, an escherichia coli rpos probe was constructed and used to detect the presence of this gene in different species. a gene homologous to rpos was found in citrobacter amalonaticu ... | 2001 | 11491080 |
| [enterobacter cloacae epidemic in a neonatal intensive care unit due to the use of contaminated thermometers]. | | 2001 | 11494699 |
| antimicrobial activity of argon fluoride (arf) excimer laser on gram-negative bacteria. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of argon fluoride (arf) excimer laser radiation on clinically important strains of gram-negative bacteria. the antibacterial activity of arf excimer laser radiation was evaluated on two acinetobacter baumannii, one enterobacter cloacae, three escherichia coli, two helicobacter pylori, one klebsiella pneumoniae and two pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. the strains were isolated from clinical specimens and typed by the usual bioc ... | 2001 | 11499938 |
| diversity of shv and tem beta-lactamases in klebsiella pneumoniae: gene evolution in northern taiwan and two novel beta-lactamases, shv-25 and shv-26. | a total of 113 blood culture isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae from 10 hospitals in northern taiwan were studied for shv and tem beta-lactamase production. bla(shv) was amplified from all isolates by pcr. tem-type resistance, was found in 32 of the isolates and was of the tem-1 type in all isolates. shv-1, -2, -5, -11, and -12 and two novel enzymes were identified. these novel enzymes were designated shv-25 and shv-26 and had pis of 7.5 and 7.6, respectively. amino acid differences in comparison ... | 2001 | 11502506 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of tak-083, an agent for treatment of helicobacter pylori infection. | the antibacterial activity of tak-083 was tested against 54 clinical isolates of helicobacter pylori and was compared with those of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole. the growth-inhibitory activity of tak-083 was more potent than that of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, or metronidazole (the mics at which 90% of the strains are inhibited were 0.031, 0.125, 64, and 8 microg/ml, respectively). the antibacterial activity of tak-083 was highly selective against h. pylori; there was a >30-fo ... | 2001 | 11502514 |
| shv-16, a beta-lactamase with a pentapeptide duplication in the omega loop. | a clinical isolate of klebsiella pneumoniae was found to be resistant to ampicillin (mic of 128 microg/ml), ticarcillin (mic of 512 microg/ml), and ceftazidime (mic of 128 microg/ml) and susceptible to all other beta-lactams; a synergistic effect between clavulanate and ceftazidime suggested the presence of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl). transconjugants in escherichia coli were obtained at low levels (10(-7) per donor cell) and exhibited a similar beta-lactam resistance pattern (res ... | 2001 | 11502518 |
| ges-2, a class a beta-lactamase from pseudomonas aeruginosa with increased hydrolysis of imipenem. | pseudomonas aeruginosa gw-1 was isolated in 2000 in south africa from blood cultures of a 38-year-old female who developed nosocomial pneumonia. this isolate harbored a self-transferable ca. 100-kb plasmid that conferred an expanded-spectrum cephalosporin resistance profile associated with an intermediate susceptibility to imipenem. a beta-lactamase gene, bla(ges-2), was cloned from whole-cell dna of p. aeruginosa gw-1 and expressed in escherichia coli. ges-2, with a pi value of 5.8, hydrolyzed ... | 2001 | 11502535 |
| design, synthesis, and evaluation of alpha-ketoheterocycles as class c beta-lactamase inhibitors. | a series of specific alpha-ketoheterocycles (benzoxazole, thiazole, imidazole, tetrazole, and thiazole-4-carboxylate) has been synthesized in order to assess their potential as beta-lactamase inhibitors. the syntheses were achieved either by construction of the heterocycle (benzoxazole) from an appropriate alpha-hydroxyimidate, followed by oxidation of the alcohol, or by direct reaction of methyl phenaceturate with a lithiated heterocycle. the properties of these compounds in aqueous solution ar ... | 2001 | 11504640 |
| multi-resistance to antimicrobial agents for the ten most frequently isolated bacterial pathogens. | cross-resistance and multi-resistance to selected antibiotics was determined for escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. amikacin-resistant enterobacteriaceae often showed cross-resistance to ss-lactam antibiotics. only 1% of the escherichia coli isolates showed resistance to more than four antibiotics ... | 2001 | 11516938 |
| identification and characterization of bacteria in a selenium-contaminated hypersaline evaporation pond. | solar evaporation ponds are commonly used to reduce the volume of seleniferous agricultural drainage water in the san joaquin valley, calif. these hypersaline ponds pose an environmental health hazard because they are heavily contaminated with selenium (se), mainly in the form of selenate. se in the ponds may be removed by microbial se volatilization, a bioremediation process whereby toxic, bioavailable selenate is converted to relatively nontoxic dimethylselenide gas. in order to identify micro ... | 2001 | 11525968 |
| detection of legionellae in hospital water samples by quantitative real-time lightcycler pcr. | contamination of hospital water systems with legionellae is a well-known cause of nosocomial legionellosis. we describe a new real-time lightcycler pcr assay for quantitative determination of legionellae in potable water samples. primers that amplify both a 386-bp fragment of the 16s rrna gene from legionella spp. and a specifically cloned fragment of the phage lambda, added to each sample as an internal inhibitor control, were used. the amplified products were detected by use of a dual-color hy ... | 2001 | 11525995 |
| gly gene cloning and expression and purification of glycinecin a, a bacteriocin produced by xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines 8ra. | glycinecin a, a bacteriocin produced by xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines, inhibits the growth of x. campestris pv. vesicatoria. we have cloned and expressed the genes encoding glycinecin a in escherichia coli. recombinant glycinecin a was purified from cell extracts by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by chromatography on q-sepharose, mono q (ion exchange), and size exclusion columns. purified glycinecin a is composed of two polypeptides, is active over a wide ph range (6 to 9), and is ... | 2001 | 11526012 |
| molecular and biochemical analysis of two beta-galactosidases from bifidobacterium infantis hl96. | two genes encoding beta-galactosidase isoenzymes, beta-gali and beta-galiii, from bifidobacterium infantis hl96 were revealed on 3.6- and 2.4-kb dna fragments, respectively, by nucleotide sequence analysis of the two fragments. beta-gali (3,069 bp) encodes a 1,022-amino-acid (aa) polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 113 kda. a putative ribosome binding site and a promoter sequence were recognized at the 5' flanking region of beta-gali. further upstream a partial sequence of an open rea ... | 2001 | 11526031 |
| lytic and lysogenic infection of diverse escherichia coli and shigella strains with a verocytotoxigenic bacteriophage. | a verocytotoxigenic bacteriophage isolated from a strain of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157, into which a kanamycin resistance gene (aph3) had been inserted to inactivate the verocytotoxin gene (vt2), was used to infect enterobacteriaceae strains. a number of shigella and e. coli strains were susceptible to lysogenic infection, and a smooth e. coli isolate (o107) was also susceptible to lytic infection. the lysogenized strains included different smooth e. coli serotypes of both human and ... | 2001 | 11526041 |
| bacterial cholangitis in patients with biliary atresia: impact on short-term outcome. | bacterial cholangitis (bc) is a common complication in patients with biliary atresia (ba) and is characterized by fever, acholic stools and positive blood cultures. the diagnosis is often empirical because the yield of blood cultures is low. it is difficult to differentiate bc from other febrile episodes. in order to characterize the clinical and laboratory features of bc in patients with ba, identify risk factors, and correlate cholangitis with outcome, 37 patients with ba from 1993 to 1998 who ... | 2001 | 11527173 |
| biological degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. | nitroaromatic compounds are xenobiotics that have found multiple applications in the synthesis of foams, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and explosives. these compounds are toxic and recalcitrant and are degraded relatively slowly in the environment by microorganisms. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) is the most widely used nitroaromatic compound. certain strains of pseudomonas and fungi can use tnt as a nitrogen source through the removal of nitrogen as nitrite from tnt under aerobic conditions and the ... | 2001 | 11527999 |
| the emerging periplasm-localized subclass of aroq chorismate mutases, exemplified by those from salmonella typhimurium and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | chorismate mutases of the aroq homology class are widespread in the bacteria and the archaea. many of these exist as domains that are fused with other aromatic-pathway catalytic domains. among the monofunctional aroq proteins, that from erwinia herbicola was previously shown to have a cleavable signal peptide and located in the periplasmic compartment. whether or not this might be unique to e. herbicola was unknown. | 2001 | 11532214 |
| activity of ertapenem (mk-0826) versus enterobacteriaceae with potent beta-lactamases. | ertapenem (mk-0826; l-749,345), a new carbapenem with a long serum half-life, was tested, in vitro, against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. the new compound had a mic at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited of 0.06 microg/ml for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing klebsiellas, compared with 0.5 microg/ml for imipenem, 16 microg/ml for cefepime, and >128 microg/ml for ceftazidime and piperacillin-tazobactam. mics of ertapenem for ampc-derepressed mutant enterobacteriaceae wer ... | 2001 | 11557477 |
| ampd is required for regulation of expression of nmca, a carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae. | to further elucidate the induction process of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase of ambler class a, nmca, ampd genes of the wild-type (wt) strain and of ceftazidime-resistant mutants of enterobacter cloacae nor-1 were cloned and tested in transcomplementation experiments. ceftazidime-resistant e. cloacae nor-1 mutants exhibited derepressed expression of the ampc-type cephalosporinase and of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase nmca. the ampd genes of escherichia coli and e. cloacae w ... | 2001 | 11557489 |
| biochemical-genetic characterization of the chromosomally encoded extended-spectrum class a beta-lactamase from rahnella aquatilis. | from whole-cell dna of a clinical isolate of the enterobacterial species rahnella aquatilis, a beta-lactamase gene was cloned that encoded a chromosomally encoded ambler class a enzyme, rahn-1. rahn-1, with a pi of 7.2, shares 76, 73, and 71% amino acid identity with the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase of chromosomal origin from serratia fonticola and with the plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases ctx-m-2 and ctx-m-1, respectively. the hydrolysis spectrum of the clavulanic acid-inhibited rahn-1 was ... | 2001 | 11557504 |
| bacteriological quality of aquacultured freshwater fish portions in prepackaged trays stored at 3 degrees c. | fresh trout fillets and salmon slices packed in trays were obtained from two multinational chain supermarkets and evaluated for freshness and bacteriological quality immediately after packaging and during storage at 3 degrees c. initial aerobic counts at 30 and 25 degrees c were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in trout fillets (5.27 +/- 0.57 and 4.87 +/- 0.80 log cfu/g, respectively) than in salmon slices, where levels in excess of 6 log cfu/g were found. in both products, initial enterobacteriac ... | 2001 | 11563518 |
| sublethal effects of ultraviolet a radiation on enterobacter cloacae. | we report the sublethal effects of ultraviolet a (uva) on enterobacter cloacae in comparison with those produced in escherichia coli. uva-induced sublethal effects were investigated in either bacterial membrane and at trna level. limited dependence on oxygen concentration for photoinduced inhibition of biochemical membrane functions and low levels of oxidative damage during the irradiation period were found in en. cloacae. on the other hand, ultraviolet spectroscopy and reversed-phase hplc analy ... | 2001 | 11566280 |
| development of a combined selection and enrichment pcr procedure for clostridium botulinum types b, e, and f and its use to determine prevalence in fecal samples from slaughtered pigs. | a specific and sensitive combined selection and enrichment pcr procedure was developed for the detection of clostridium botulinum types b, e, and f in fecal samples from slaughtered pigs. two enrichment pcr assays, using the dna polymerase rtth, were constructed. one assay was specific for the type b neurotoxin gene, and the other assay was specific for the type e and f neurotoxin genes. based on examination of 29 strains of c. botulinum, 16 strains of other clostridium spp., and 48 non-clostrid ... | 2001 | 11571185 |
| clonal populations of thermotolerant enterobacteriaceae in recreational water and their potential interference with fecal escherichia coli counts. | bacterial strains were isolated from beach water samples using the original environmental protection agency method for escherichia coli enumeration and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). identical pfge patterns were found for numerous isolates from 4 of the 9 days sampled, suggesting environmental replication. 16s rrna gene sequencing, api 20e biochemical testing, and the absence of beta-glucuronidase activity revealed that these clonal isolates were klebsiella, citrobacter, an ... | 2001 | 11571207 |
| degradation of explosives by nitrate ester reductases. | explosive-contaminated land poses a hazard both to the environment and to human health. microbial enzymes, either in their native or heterologous hosts, are a powerful and low-cost tool for eliminating this environmental hazard. as many explosives have only been present in the environment for 10 years, and with similar molecules not known in nature, the origin of enzymes specialized for the breakdown of explosives is of particular interest. screening of environmental isolates resulted in the dis ... | 2001 | 11573344 |
| rapid identification of yeasts in positive blood cultures by a multiplex pcr method. | yeasts are emerging as important etiological agents of nosocomial bloodstream infections. a multiplex pcr method was developed to rapidly identify clinically important yeasts that cause fungemia. the method amplified the internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) region between the 18s and 5.8s rrna genes and a specific dna fragment within the its2 region of candida albicans. with this method, c. albicans produced two amplicons, whereas other species produced only one. through sequence analysis, the p ... | 2001 | 11574557 |
| direct identification of bacteria from positive blood cultures by amplification and sequencing of the 16s rrna gene: evaluation of bactec 9240 instrument true-positive and false-positive results. | in a previous study which evaluated the bactec 9240 automated blood culture system (becton dickinson diagnostic instrument systems, sparks, md.), we noted a 1.3% "instrument false-positive" rate. that is, the bactec system signaled that a bottle (bactec plus aerobic/f bottle or bactec anaerobic lytic/10 bottle) culture was positive but a gram stain was negative and there was no growth of bacteria or yeasts on subculture to chocolate agar. furthermore, from the same sample of blood, cultures for ... | 2001 | 11574575 |
| increased prevalence of class i integrons in escherichia coli, klebsiella species, and enterobacter species isolates over a 7-year period in a german university hospital. | the prevalence of integrons in five enterobacterial species was analyzed in 900 blood culture isolates from 1993, 1996, and 1999. remarkably, the prevalence increased from 4.7% in 1993 to 9.7% in 1996 and finally to 17.4% in 1999 (p < 0.01). within 7 years the combined percentage of p1 strong promoters and p1 weak plus p2 active promoters with high transcription efficacies has increased from 23.1 to 33.3 and finally 60% (p < 0.05). | 2001 | 11574602 |
| contamination of the clinical microbiology laboratory with vancomycin-resistant enterococci and multidrug- resistant enterobacteriaceae: implications for hospital and laboratory workers. | we surveyed environmental surfaces in our clinical microbiology laboratory to determine the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) and multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae (mdre) during a routine working day. from a total of 193 surfaces, vre were present on 20 (10%) and mdre were present on 4 (2%) of the surfaces tested. in a subsequent survey after routine cleaning, all of the 24 prior positive surfaces were found to be negative. thus, those in the laboratory should recognize t ... | 2001 | 11574615 |
| blood components influence cytokine induction by bacterial substances. | while some studies clearly demonstrated transfer of cytokine-inducing substances (cis) through dialysis membranes, other authors were unable to reproduce such a transfer. this inconsistency may have been caused by marked differences in experimental design. we performed a systematic evaluation of cytokine induction in whole blood and from separated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) using either purified lipopolysaccharide (lps) or culture supernatants from various bacterial strains. an in ... | 2001 | 11574734 |
| involvement of gacs and rpos in enhancement of the plant growth-promoting capabilities of enterobacter cloacae cal2 and uw4. | the plant growth-promoting bacteria enterobacter cloacae cal2 and uw4 were genetically transformed with a multicopy plasmid containing an rpos or gacs gene from pseudomonas fluorescens. the transformed strains were compared with the nontransformed strains for growth, indoleacetic acid (iaa) production, antibiotic production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) deaminase activity, siderophore production, cell morphology, and the ability to promote canola root elongation. all transformed s ... | 2001 | 11575495 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat. | beta-lactamases continue to be the leading cause of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among gram-negative bacteria. in recent years there has been an increased incidence and prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls), enzymes that hydrolyze and cause resistance to oxyimino-cephalosporins and aztreonam. the majority of esbls are derived from the widespread broad-spectrum beta-lactamases tem-1 and shv-1. there are also new families of esbls, including the ctx-m and oxa-type enzyme ... | 2001 | 11585791 |
| lumbar spondylodiscitis secondary to enterobacter cloacae septicaemia after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. | | 2001 | 11589183 |
| the efficacy of chemical agents in cleaning and disinfection programs. | due to the growing number of outbreaks of infection in hospital nurseries, it becomes essential to set up a sanitation program that indicates that the appropriate chemical agent was chosen for application in the most effective way. | 2001 | 11591223 |
| [the change in bacterial flora and antibiotic resistance of bacteria of burn patients in our hospital during 1986-1996]. | in this article we investigated and analyzed the pathogenetic bacteria of burn infection and their drug resistance in recent 5 years from 1991. | 1999 | 11593615 |
| [utility of prolonged incubation and terminal subcultures of blood cultures from immunocompromised patients]. | the value of blind terminal subcultures (7 and 30 days) and prolonged incubation (30 days) of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients was analyzed in the fundación favaloro, the fundación para la lucha contra las enfermedades neurológicas de la infancia and the hospital de niños ricardo gutiérrez. a total of 2707 blood cultures and 369 patients were included (transplantation of solid organs 154, oncohematologic disorders 106 and solid tumors 109). bact-alert bottles were incubated at 35 de ... | 2001 | 11594009 |
| antibacterial activities and pharmacokinetics of e-4767 and e-5065, two new 8-chlorofluoroquinolones with a 7-azetidin ring substituent. | e-4767 [(-)-7-[3-(r)-amino-2-(s)-methyl-1-azetidinyl]-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid] and e-5065 [(-)-7-(3-amino-1-azetidinyl)-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid] are two new chlorofluoroquinolones with an azetidine moiety at position 7. their in vitro activities were evaluated in comparison with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, fleroxacin, and tosufloxacin, while ciprofloxacin was used as a reference for i ... | 2001 | 11600365 |
| bacteremia in hospitalized patients with human immunodeficiency virus: a prospective, cohort study. | bacterial infections complicate the course of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. the purpose of this study was to describe the bacterial pathogens causing blood stream infection, identify the risk factors for the development of blood stream infection and determine the impact of blood stream infection on the outcome of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | 2001 | 11602019 |
| in vitro activity of moxifloxacin against common clinical bacterial isolates in taiwan. | the in vitro antimicrobial activities of moxifloxacin were compared with 7 other antimicrobial agents. a total of 707 isolates of 11 common pathogenic bacteria were collected from the national taiwan university hospital; antimicrobial activities against these isolates were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration using an agar-dilution method. most common pathogenic bacteria were susceptible to moxifloxacin, including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus, methicillin ... | 2001 | 11605808 |
| mechanism of inhibition of the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 by cyclic acyl phosph(on)ates: rescue by return. | as previously described (pratt, r. f.; hammar, n. j. j. am. chem. soc. 1998, 120, 3004.), 1-hydroxy-4,5-benzo-2,6-dioxaphosphorinone(3)-1-oxide (salicyloyl cyclic phosphate) inactivates the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 in a covalent fashion. the inactivated enzyme slowly reverts to the active form. this paper shows that reactivation involves a recyclization reaction that regenerates salicyloyl cyclic phosphate rather than hydrolysis of the covalent intermediate. the inactiv ... | 2001 | 11673973 |
| expression of borrelia burgdorferi ospc and dbpa is controlled by a rpon-rpos regulatory pathway. | rpos and rpon are two alternative sigma factors typically associated with general stress responses in bacteria. to date, there has been no experimental evidence that rpos and rpon can directly control the expression of one another. herein, using a combined strategy of gene disruption and genetic complementation targeting rpon and rpos in borrelia burgdorferi strain 297, we describe a regulatory network for b. burgdorferi. in this network, rpon controls the expression of rpos, which, in turn, gov ... | 2001 | 11675503 |
| comparison of ofloxacin and norfloxacin concentration in prostatic tissues in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate. | to compare the concentrations of two fluoroquinolones, ofloxacin (oflx) and norfloxacin (nflx), in the prostate glands of patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (tur-p) after oral ingestion of both drugs for surgical prophylaxis. | 2001 | 11678006 |
| identification by subtractive hybridization of sequences specific for salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, a major cause of food poisoning, can be transmitted to humans through intact chicken eggs when the contents have not been thoroughly cooked. infection in chickens is asymptomatic; therefore, simple, sensitive, and specific detection methods are crucial for efforts to limit human exposure. suppression subtractive hybridization was used to isolate dna restriction fragments present in salmonella serovar enteritidis but absent in other bacteria found in poult ... | 2001 | 11679316 |
| peptide synthetase gene in trichoderma virens. | trichoderma virens (synonym, gliocladium virens), a deuteromycete fungus, suppresses soilborne plant diseases caused by a number of fungi and is used as a biocontrol agent. several traits that may contribute to the antagonistic interactions of t. virens with disease-causing fungi involve the production of peptide metabolites (e.g., the antibiotic gliotoxin and siderophores used for iron acquisition). we cloned a 5,056-bp partial cdna encoding a putative peptide synthetase (psy1) from t. virens u ... | 2001 | 11679326 |
| endophytic colonization and in planta nitrogen fixation by a herbaspirillum sp. isolated from wild rice species. | nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from the stems of wild and cultivated rice on a modified rennie medium. based on 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequences, the diazotrophic isolates were phylogenetically close to four genera: herbaspirillum, ideonella, enterobacter, and azospirillum. phenotypic properties and signature sequences of 16s rdna indicated that three isolates (b65, b501, and b512) belong to the herbaspirillum genus. to examine whether herbaspirillum sp. strain b501 isolated from wild ... | 2001 | 11679357 |
| pcr analyses of trna intergenic spacer, 16s-23s internal transcribed spacer, and randomly amplified polymorphic dna reveal inter- and intraspecific relationships of enterobacter cloacae strains. | pcr analysis of trna intergenic spacer (tdna-pcr) and of the 16s-23s internal transcribed spacer (its-pcr) and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis were evaluated for their usefulness in characterization of enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from both clinical origins and vaccine microbial contamination. tdna-pcr presented specific and reproducible patterns for enterobacter sakazakii atcc 29004, enterobacter aerogenes atcc 13048, and enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047 and 23355 that ... | 2001 | 11682499 |
| trends in quinolone susceptibility of enterobacteriaceae among inpatients of a large university hospital: 1992-98. | to assess trends in quinolone susceptibility of enterobacteriaceae isolated in a large university hospital. | 2001 | 11683796 |
| detection of amp c in enterobacter cloacae in china. | pcr amplification of 55 strains of enterobacter cloacae indicated 51 of them had amp c structural gene verified by dna sequence and southern blotting. all pcr products were cleaved into 666- and 328-bp fragments by kpn1 restriction enzyme. imipenem was the most potent inducer for mrna expression of amp c gene and beta-lactamase activity. the beta-lactamase inhibitor r0481220 strongly inhibited amp c beta-lactamases; 96.4% (53/55) of enterobacter cloacae producing amp c enzyme were susceptible to ... | 2001 | 11691570 |
| characterization of a shiga toxin-encoding temperate bacteriophage of shigella sonnei. | a shiga toxin (stx)-encoding temperate bacteriophage of shigella sonnei strain cb7888 was investigated for its morphology, dna similarity, host range, and lysogenization in shigella and escherichia coli strains. phage 7888 formed plaques on a broad spectrum of shigella strains belonging to different species and serotypes, including stx-producing shigella dysenteriae type 1. with e. coli, only strains with rough lipopolysaccharide were sensitive to this phage. the phage integrated into the genome ... | 2001 | 11705937 |
| binding properties of a peptide derived from beta-lactamase inhibitory protein. | to overcome the antibiotic resistance mechanism mediated by beta-lactamases, small-molecule beta-lactamase inhibitors, such as clavulanic acid, have been used. this approach, however, has applied selective pressure for mutations that result in beta-lactamases no longer sensitive to beta-lactamase inhibitors. on the basis of the structure of beta-lactamase inhibitor protein (blip), novel peptide inhibitors of beta-lactamase have been constructed. blip is a 165-amino-acid protein that is a potent ... | 2001 | 11709298 |
| systematic analysis of a conserved region of the aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase type ib. | alanine-scanning mutagenesis was applied to the aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase type ib conserved motif b, and the effects of the substitutions were analyzed by measuring the mics of kanamycin (kan) and its semisynthetic derivative, amikacin (amk). several substitutions resulted in no major change in mics. e167a and f171a resulted in derivatives that lost the ability to confer resistance to kan and amk. p155a, p157a, n159a, l160a, i163a, k168a, and g170a conferred intermediate levels of re ... | 2001 | 11709299 |
| ctx-m-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that hydrolyzes ceftazidime through a single amino acid substitution in the omega loop. | escherichia coli ilt-1, klebsiella pneumoniae ilt-2, and k. pneumoniae ilt-3 were isolated in may 1999 in paris, france, from a rectal swab of a hospitalized 5-month-old girl. these isolates had a clavulanic acid-inhibited substrate profile that included expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. the mics of cefotaxime were higher for e. coli ilt-1 and k. pneumoniae ilt-2 than for k. pneumoniae ilt-3, while the opposite was found for the mics of ceftazidime. genetic and biochemical analyses revealed that ... | 2001 | 11709308 |
| cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and the inoculum effect in tests with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae. | there is little information about the clinical effectiveness of cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam in the treatment of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing pathogens. some inferences have been drawn from laboratory studies, which have usually involved only one or a few strains of esbl-producing klebsiella pneumoniae or escherichia coli that produced only a limited range of esbls. such studies are indirect, sometimes conflicting, indicators of efficacy. to exte ... | 2001 | 11709338 |
| characterization of a chromosomally encoded extended-spectrum class a beta-lactamase from kluyvera cryocrescens. | a chromosomally located beta-lactamase gene, cloned and expressed in escherichia coli from a reference strain of the enterobacterial species kluyvera cryocrescens, encoded a clavulanic acid-inhibited ambler class a enzyme, kluc-1, with a pi value of 7.4. kluc-1 shared 86% amino acid identity with a subgroup of plasmid-mediated ctx-m-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ctx-m-1, -3, -10, -11, and -12), the most closely related enzymes, and 77% amino acid identity with klua-1 from kluyvera asco ... | 2001 | 11709346 |
| mechanism of action of the des-f(6) quinolone bms-284756 measured by supercoiling inhibition and cleavable complex assays. | bms-284756 (t-3811me), a novel des-f(6) quinolone, was tested in the supercoiling inhibition and cleavable complex assays against escherichia coli dna gyrase, a target of quinolones. the results suggest that bms-284756 has the same mechanism of action against dna gyrase as other quinolones and a similar level of potency. | 2001 | 11709365 |
| molecular epidemiological typing of enterobacter cloacae isolates from a neonatal intensive care unit: three-year prospective study. | since 1992, there has been an increase in the incidence of enterobacter sepsis in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) of the authors' hospital. from 1995 to 1997, a prospective molecular epidemiological survey of the colonizing and infecting strains isolated from neonates was conducted. enterobacter cloacae was the most frequent cause of neonatal sepsis, accounting for 19.2% of all neonatal infections, reaching a peak incidence of 2.2/1000 during 1996. fifty isolates from the nicu and four e ... | 2001 | 11716634 |
| oxidative transformation of aminodinitrotoluene isomers by multicomponent dioxygenases. | the electron-withdrawing nitro substituents of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) make the aromatic ring highly resistant to oxidative transformation. the typical biological transformation of tnt involves reduction of one or more of the nitro groups of the ring to produce the corresponding amine. reduction of a single nitro substituent of tnt to an amino substituent increases the electron density of the aromatic nucleus considerably. the comparatively electron-dense nuclei of the aminodinitrotoluene (a ... | 2001 | 11722893 |
| characterization of enterocoliticin, a phage tail-like bacteriocin, and its effect on pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica strains. | yersinia enterocolitica 29930 (biogroup 1a; serogroup o:7,8) produces a bacteriocin, designated enterocoliticin, that shows inhibitory activity against enteropathogenic strains of y. enterocolitica belonging to serogroups o:3, o:5,27 and o:9. enterocoliticin was purified, and electron micrographs of enterocoliticin preparations revealed the presence of phage tail-like particles. the particles did not contain nucleic acids and showed contraction upon contact with susceptible bacteria. enterocolit ... | 2001 | 11722917 |
| improved method for detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood. | we have developed a new, effective procedure for detecting vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafoods using enrichment and plating onto a chromogenic agar medium. samples were cultured in salt trypticase soy broth, which is a nonselective medium, and then a portion of the culture was cultured with salt polymyxin broth, which is a selective medium for v. parahaemolyticus. this two-step enrichment was more effective than the one-step enrichment in salt polymyxin broth alone. the enrichment cultures were ... | 2001 | 11722939 |
| laribacter hongkongensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel gram-negative bacterium isolated from a cirrhotic patient with bacteremia and empyema. | a bacterium was isolated from the blood and empyema of a cirrhotic patient. the cells were facultatively anaerobic, nonsporulating, gram-negative, seagull shaped or spiral rods. the bacterium grows on sheep blood agar as nonhemolytic, gray colonies 1 mm in diameter after 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees c in ambient air. growth also occurs on macconkey agar and at 25 and 42 degrees c but not at 4, 44, and 50 degrees c. the bacterium can grow in 1 or 2% but not 3, 4, or 5% nacl. no enhancement of ... | 2001 | 11724825 |
| multiplex pcr for detection of enterobacteriaceae in blood. | rapid and sensitive methods are needed to detect the small numbers of bacteria that may sometimes contaminate units of blood during collection. a multiplex 5'-nuclease taqman pcr assay (pe applied biosystems) was used to detect several bacterial species that may contaminate blood. | 2001 | 11724978 |
| development of a brucella suis specific hybridisation probe and pcr which distinguishes b. suis from brucella abortus. | a genomic library was prepared from brucella suis dna (mboi digested) and cloned into the bamhi site of puc18. colony hybridisation using a probe prepared from purified b. suis dna labelled with alpha 32p was carried out to identify colonies of interest. about 20 colonies, which gave an intense signal upon hybridisation with whole b. suis genomic dna as a probe, were selected. because of the high degree of dna homology between b. suis and brucella abortus, a short probe was chosen as it would mo ... | 2002 | 11731177 |
| antimicrobial peptides isolated from skin secretions of the diploid frog, xenopus tropicalis (pipidae). | seven peptides (xt-1-xt-7) with antimicrobial activity were isolated from norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of the diploid clawed frog, xenopus tropicalis. structural characterization of the peptides demonstrated that amino acid sequence similarity to antimicrobial peptides previously isolated from xenopus laevis was low, suggesting that the species are not closely related phylogenetically. peptides xt-5 and xt-3 are probably the orthologs of x. laevis peptide glycine-leucine amide (pgl( ... | 2001 | 11738090 |
| natural antibiotic susceptibility of strains of the enterobacter cloacae complex. | the natural susceptibility to 70 antibiotics of 104 strains of the enterobacter cloacae complex was examined using a microdilution procedure in isosensitest broth. one hundred and one clinical strains designated as 'e. cloacae' were identified as e. hormaechei (n=65), e. asburiae (n=20) and e. cloacae genospecies 1 or 2 (n=16). apart from fosfomycin susceptibility, there were only minor differences in natural antibiotic susceptibility patterns. all species were naturally sensitive or naturally s ... | 2001 | 11738341 |
| host and geographical factors influence the thermal niche of enteric bacteria isolated from native australian mammals. | the thermal profiles of 118 bacterial strains, representing six species of the family enterobacteriaceae, isolated from a variety of native australian mammals were determined under in vitro conditions. each of the bacterial species had a unique thermal profile and differed in their minimum or maximum temperature for growth and in their response to changing temperatures. the taxonomic classification of the host from which the bacterial strains were isolated explained a significant amount of the v ... | 2001 | 11742550 |
| rapid emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant enterobacteriaceae containing multiple gentamicin resistance-associated integrons in a dutch hospital. | in a hematology unit in the netherlands, the incidence of ciprofloxacin-resistant enterobacter cloacae and escherichia coli increased from from 1996 to 1999. clonal spread of single genotypes of both ciprofloxacin-resistant e. coli and enterobacter cloacae from patient to patient was documented by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and random amplification of polymorphic dna. in addition, genetically heterogeneous strains were isolated regularly. integrons associated with gentamicin resistance wer ... | 2001 | 11747700 |
| countrywide spread of ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms of the family enterobacteriaceae in poland. | eighty-four clinical isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae, recovered from 1998 to 2000 in 15 hospitals in 10 polish cities, were analyzed. all the isolates produced beta-lactamases with pis of 8.4 and 5.4, and the pi 8.4 enzymes were demonstrated to hydrolyze cefotaxime but not ceftazidime in the in vitro bioassay. pcr analysis and dna sequencing have revealed that in all cases the pi 8.4 beta-lactamase was probably the ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) variant, which was orig ... | 2002 | 11751126 |
| occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in members of the family enterobacteriaceae in italy: implications for resistance to beta-lactams and other antimicrobial drugs. | an italian nationwide survey was carried out to assess the prevalences and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of members of the family enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls). over a 6-month period, 8,015 isolates were obtained from hospitalized patients and screened for resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams. on the basis of a synergistic effect between clavulanate and selected beta-lactams (ceftazidime, aztreonam, cefotaxime, cefepime, and ... | 2002 | 11751134 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities among clinical isolates of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacteria in a taiwanese university hospital. | infections caused by gram-negative bacteria with resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins require the identification of effective alternative antimicrobial therapy. to determine the role of other pre-existing or currently available antimicrobial agents in treating infections caused by these multidrug-resistant pathogens, we evaluated the in vitro susceptibilities of these agents in 411 non-duplicate isolates of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacteria recovered betw ... | 2002 | 11751769 |
| retro-nitroreductase, a putative evolutionary precursor to enterobacter cloacae strain 96-3 nitroreductase. | enterobacter cloacae strain 96-3 nitroreductase (nr) is a homodimeric flavoenzyme that catalyzes the pyridine nucleotide-dependent four-electron reduction of a variety of nitroaromatic compounds, including the explosives tnt (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), rdx (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine), tetryl (2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-n-methylnitramine), and pentryl (2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-n-nitroaminoethylnitrate). the enzyme was initially characterized by bryant et al. from a strain of enterobacter that had been iso ... | 2001 | 11761325 |
| [bacteria isolated from surgical infections and their susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents. special references to bacteria isolated between april 1998 and march 1999]. | the annual multicenter studies on isolated bacteria from infections in general surgery and their antimicrobial susceptibility have been conducted in japan since july 1982. this paper describes the results obtained in fiscal 1998 (from april 1998 to march 1999). the number of cases investigated as objectives was 225 for one year. a total of 429 strains (121 strains from primary infections and 308 strains from postoperative infections) were isolated from 183 cases (81.3% of total cases). in primar ... | 2001 | 11771334 |
| homology of escherichia coli r773 arsa, arsb, and arsc genes in arsenic-resistant bacteria isolated from raw sewage and arsenic-enriched creek waters. | the occurrence and diversity of the escherichia coli r773 ars operon were investigated among arsenic-resistant enteric and nonenteric bacteria isolated from raw sewage and arsenic-enriched creek waters. selected isolates from each creek location were screened for ars genes by colony hybridization and pcr. the occurrence of arsa, arsb, and arsc determined by low-stringency colony hybridization (31 to 53% estimated mismatch) was 81, 87, and 86%, respectively, for 84 bacteria isolated on arsenate- ... | 2002 | 11772637 |
| betalasen: microdilution panel for identifying beta-lactamases present in isolates of enterobacteriaceae. | a dried investigational use-only microdilution panel named betalasen (a short named derived from the panel's purpose, to identify beta-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae) containing 10 beta-lactam drugs with and without beta-lactamase inhibitors was developed to identify beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter koseri, citrobacter freundii group, enterobacter spp., and serratia marcescens. the mics obtained with a collectio ... | 2002 | 11773104 |
| [detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and drug sensitivity test in clinical isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae in shanghai]. | to investigate extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) production in clinical isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae in shanghai, and compare the resistant rates of esbls-producing strains and non-esbls-producing strains to 11 antibiotics. | 2000 | 11778509 |
| characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in rendered animal products. | antibiotics are used in food animal production to treat diseases and also to improve performance. antibiotics are not used on all farms, and antibiotic resistance is occasionally found on farms that do not use antibiotics. rendered animal protein products are often included in poultry feeds and could potentially serve as a source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. one hundred sixty-five rendered animal protein products from cattle, poultry, and fish were aseptically collected from poultry feed mi ... | 2001 | 11785899 |
| molecular properties and metabolic effect on blood cells produced by a new toxin of enterobacter cloacae. | a new toxin of enterobacter cloacae able to lyse erythrocytes and leukocytes was found. purification of the toxin was performed by salt precipitation, gel filtration, ion exchange and hplc in c8 column. sds-page electrophoresis showed more than one bank corresponding to the leukotoxin able to form polymers and aggregate like some pore-forming cytotoxins (rtx). in culture supernatant the toxin showed 1 hu/ml (hemolytic unit) and 1.5 lu/ml (leukotoxic unit); after purification it reached 15 hu/ml ... | 2001 | 11787862 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi b rma gene, which confers multiple drug resistance in escherichia coli. | a genomic library from a strain of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi b that exhibits multiple drug resistance (mdr) was constructed in escherichia coli. two of the recombinant plasmids, pnor5 and pnor5, conferred resistance only to fluoroquinolones in e. coli, whereas the third, pnctr4, conferred the mdr phenotype. sequence and subcloning analysis showed that it is the presence of reca on the first two plasmids which confers resistance to fluoroquinolones in e. coli. a similar analysis estab ... | 2002 | 11796342 |
| ctx-m-1, ctx-m-3, and ctx-m-14 beta-lactamases from enterobacteriaceae isolated in france. | six clinical ctx-m-producing isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae were detected between 1999 and 2000 in different french hospitals. two strains produced ctx-m-1 and ctx-m-3 and four strains produced ctx-m-14, a mutant ala-231-->val of ctx-m-9. a putative transposable element, isecp-1, was located 43 bp upstream of all the bla(ctx-m) genes. two ctx-m-14-encoding plasmids exhibited similar restriction patterns. the ctx-m-1- and ctx-m-3-encoding plasmids were related to the ctx-m-1- and ctx-m ... | 2002 | 11796372 |
| antimicrobial activity of prosthetic heart valve sewing cuffs coated with minocycline and rifampin. | prosthetic heart valve sewing cuffs coated with minocycline and rifampin exhibited in vitro zones of inhibition against all 52 tested clinical isolates responsible for prosthetic valve endocarditis. an in vitro elution study of these coated sewing cuffs demonstrated residual zones of inhibition against staphylococcus epidermidis for at least 4 weeks. | 2002 | 11796374 |
| [the inducibility of amp c enzyme of enterobacter cloacae and its susceptibility to enzyme inhibitor]. | to study the inducibility of amp c enzyme of enterobacrter cloacae and its susceptibility to enzyme inhibitor. | 2001 | 11798880 |
| microbial killing activity of peracetic acid. | in vitro killing activity of peracetic acid (perasafe) at a concentration of 0.26 per cent w/v was tested against escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, salmonella paratyphi a, acinetobacter baumannii, sternotrophomonas maltophilia, enterococcus faecium, enterococcus faecalis, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), bacillus subtilis spore, mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immuno-deficiency virus type i. exposure t ... | 2001 | 11804244 |