Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| transposon tn21, flagship of the floating genome. | the transposon tn21 and a group of closely related transposons (the tn21 family) are involved in the global dissemination of antibiotic resistance determinants in gram-negative facultative bacteria. the molecular basis for their involvement is carriage by the tn21 family of a mobile dna element (the integron) encoding a site-specific system for the acquisition of multiple antibiotic resistance genes. the paradigm example, tn21, also carries genes for its own transposition and a mercury resistanc ... | 1999 | 10477306 |
| impact of antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy from 1972 to 1998. | 2000 | 10898668 | |
| monotherapy with intravenous followed by oral high-dose ciprofloxacin versus combination therapy with ceftazidime plus amikacin as initial empiric therapy for granulocytopenic patients with fever. | the aim of the present study was to obtain clinical experience with the use of high-dose ciprofloxacin as monotherapy for the treatment of febrile neutropenia episodes (granulocyte count, <500/mm(3)) compared to a standard regimen and to clarify whether ciprofloxacin administration may be switched to the oral route. in a prospective randomized study ciprofloxacin was given at 400 mg three times a day (t.i.d.) for at least 72 h followed by oral administration at 750 mg twice a day (b.i.d). that r ... | 2000 | 11083625 |
| postantibiotic leukocyte enhancement of meropenem against gram-positive and gram-negative strains. | the postantibiotic leukocyte enhancement (pale) of meropenem in vitro in comparison with that of imipenem was evaluated with 24 recently isolated gram-positive and gram-negative strains. in general, pre-exposure to carbapenems (at four times the mic for 2 h) led to increased polymorphonuclear cell phagocytic killing. the pale of imipenem was generally significantly less than that observed with meropenem. | 2000 | 11036045 |
| clinical comparison of nonvented aerobic bact/alert blood culture bottle and standard aerobic bottle for detection of microorganisms in blood. | the current bact/alert standard aerobic (va) blood culture bottle was redesigned and designated a nonvented aerobic (nva) culture bottle; this bottle does not require venting. a total of 3,873 sets of blood samples for culture were obtained from adult patients with suspected bacteremia or fungemia. the nva bottle showed performance equivalent to that of the va bottle for recovery and speed of detection of microorganisms from blood without the need for venting the bottle. | 2000 | 11015422 |
| in vitro activities of sitafloxacin (du-6859a) and six other fluoroquinolones against 8,796 clinical bacterial isolates. | the in vitro activities of sitafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trovafloxacin, levofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin against 5,046 gram-negative bacteria, 3,344 gram-positive cocci, and 406 anaerobes were determined. sitafloxacin was the most active agent against gram-positive cocci and anaerobes. against enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenters, its activity was either equivalent to or better than that of clinafloxacin. | 2000 | 10722524 |
| survival of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in purulent clinical specimens maintained in the copan venturi transystem and becton dickinson port-a-cul transport systems. | recovery of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens maintained in the copan venturi transystem and the becton dickinson port-a-cul transport was assessed. of 54 anaerobes, 53 were recovered after 4 h, and 52 were recovered after 24 h, from both systems. after 48 h, 45 and 50 were recovered from the two systems, respectively. | 2000 | 10655410 |
| fluorescent in situ hybridization allows rapid identification of microorganisms in blood cultures. | using fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) with rrna-targeted fluorescently labelled oligonucleotide probes, pathogens were rapidly detected and identified in positive blood culture bottles without cultivation and biotyping. in this study, 115 blood cultures with a positive growth index as determined by a continuous-reading automated blood culture system were examined by both conventional laboratory methods and fish. for this purpose, oligonucleotide probes that allowed identification of app ... | 2000 | 10655393 |
| ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, or levofloxacin as treatment for chronic osteomyelitis. | the efficacy and safety of three oral fluoroquinolones (lomefloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin) for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis were analyzed. twenty-seven patients had documented infections with quinolone-sensitive organisms and received either lomefloxacin, levofloxacin, or ciprofloxacin. levofloxacin was effective therapy for 9 of 15 (60%) patients. lomefloxacin was effective therapy for five of seven (71%) patients, and ciprofloxacin was effective therapy for two of five pa ... | 2000 | 10602739 |
| evaluation of the wider system, a new computer-assisted image-processing device for bacterial identification and susceptibility testing. | the wider system is a newly developed computer-assisted image-processing device for both bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. it has been adapted to be able to read and interpret commercial microscan panels. two hundred forty-four fresh consecutive clinical isolates (138 isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae, 25 nonfermentative gram-negative rods [nfgnrs], and 81 gram-positive cocci) were tested. in addition, 100 enterobacterial strains with known beta-lactam re ... | 2000 | 10747104 |
| rapid identification of bacteria from positive blood cultures by fluorescence-based pcr-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the 16s rrna gene. | bacteremia continues to result in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients who are immunocompromised. currently, patients with suspected bacteremia are empirically administered broad-spectrum antibiotics, as definitive diagnosis relies upon the use of blood cultures, which impose significant delays in and limitations to pathogen identification. to address the limitations of growth-based identification, the sequence variability of the 16s rrna gene of bacteria was targeted fo ... | 2000 | 10655337 |
| frequency of low-level bacteremia in children from birth to fifteen years of age. | a single blood culture inoculated with a small volume of blood is still frequently being used for the diagnosis of bacteremia in children because of the continued belief by many that bacteria are usually found in high concentrations in the blood of pediatric patients with sepsis. to determine the importance of both blood volume cultured and the number of culture devices required for the reliable detection of pathogens in our pediatric population, blood from children from birth to 15 years of age ... | 2000 | 10834973 |
| the n-terminal domain of nifa determines the temperature sensitivity of nifa in klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae. | the nifa protein is the central regulator of the nitrogen fixation genes. it activates transcription of nif genes by an alternative holoenzyme form of rna polymerase containing the sigma(54) factor. the nifa protein from klebsiella pneumoniae consists of the n-terminal domain of unknown function, the central catalytic domain with atpase activity and the c-terminal dna-binding domain. the kp nifa protein is sensitive to temperature, while the enterobacter cloacae nifa protein is less sensitive to ... | 2000 | 18763110 |
| microbiological surveillance and parenteral antibiotic use in a critical care unit. | to evaluate parenteral antibiotic utilization and bacterial resistance patterns in a critical care unit (crcu). | 2000 | 18159274 |
| in-vitro antibacterial activities of cefpiramide and other broad-spectrum antibiotics against 440 clinical isolates in china. | the in-vitro antibacterial activity of cefpiramide was compared with those of 15 other broad-spectrum cephalosporins. a total of 440 clinical strains of bacteria, including 9 bacterial species, were isolated from our hospital in 1998. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cefpiramide and five other antibiotics were determined for each species, using the agar-dilution method. the mic of cefpiramide for escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae was higher than those of three other third ... | 2000 | 11810540 |
| [detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and drug sensitivity test in clinical isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae in shanghai]. | to investigate extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) production in clinical isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae in shanghai, and compare the resistant rates of esbls-producing strains and non-esbls-producing strains to 11 antibiotics. | 2000 | 11778509 |
| identification of dna sequences that regulate the expression of the enterobacter cloacae uw4 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase gene. | analysis of the dna sequence upstream of the previously isolated enterobacter cloacae uw4 acc deaminase gene (shah et al. 1998) suggests that this segment contains several features that are thought to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of this gene. these features include half of a crp (camp receptor protein) binding site, an fnr (fumarate-nitrate reduction) regulatory protein binding site, an lrp (leucine responsive regulatory protein) binding site, and an lrp-like protein coding reg ... | 2000 | 11142408 |
| two-electron reduction of nitroaromatic compounds by enterobacter cloacae nad(p)h nitroreductase: description of quantitative structure-activity relationships. | enterobacter cloacae nad(p)h:nitroreductase catalyzes the reduction of a series of nitroaromatic compounds with steady-state bimolecular rate constants (kcat/km) ranging from 10(4) m(-1) s(-1) to 10(7) m(-1) s(-1), and oxidizing 2 moles nadh per mole mononitrocompound. oxidation of excess nadh by polynitrobenzenes including explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-n-methylnitramine (tetryl), has been observed as a slower secondary process, accompanied by o2 consumption. th ... | 2000 | 11996117 |
| larval and pupal induction and n-terminal amino acid sequence of lysozyme from heliothis virescens. | fifth instar larvae and prepupae of heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm) were injected with live enterobacter cloacae and bled at different times after vaccination. immune pupal hemolymph showed a 54 times increase in lysozyme activity when compared with normal larval hemolymph, and an 11 times increase of lysozyme activity when compared with immune larval hemolymph. lysozyme activity of the normal pupal hemolymph increased as greatly as did lysozyme activity of the immune larval hemolymph afte ... | 2000 | 12770220 |
| genetic-biochemical analysis and distribution of the ambler class a beta-lactamase cme-2, responsible for extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in chryseobacterium (flavobacterium) meningosepticum. | in vitro synergy between extended-spectrum cephalosporins and either clavulanic acid or cefoxitin was found for chryseobacterium meningosepticum isolates during a double-disk assay on an agar plate. an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) gene from a c. meningosepticum clinical isolate was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli dh10b. its protein conferred resistance to most beta-lactams including extended-spectrum cephalosporins but not to cephamycins or to imipenem. its activity was stron ... | 2000 | 10602714 |
| ineffectiveness of topoisomerase mutations in mediating clinically significant fluoroquinolone resistance in escherichia coli in the absence of the acrab efflux pump. | fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants, selected from a wild-type escherichia coli k-12 strain and its mar mutant by exposure to increasing levels of ofloxacin on solid medium, were analyzed by northern (rna) blot analysis, sequencing, and radiolabelled ciprofloxacin accumulation studies. mutations in the target gene gyra (dna gyrase), the regulatory gene marr, and additional, as yet unidentified genes (genes that probably affect efflux mediated by the multidrug efflux pump acrab) all contributed to ... | 2000 | 10602715 |
| role of penicillin-binding proteins in the initiation of the ampc beta-lactamase expression in enterobacter cloacae. | penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) are involved in the regulation of beta-lactamase expression by determining the level of anhydromuramylpeptides in the periplasmatic space. it was hypothesized that one or more pbps act as a sensor in the beta-lactamase induction pathway. we have performed induction studies with escherichia coli mutants lacking one to four pbps with dd-carboxypeptidase activity. therefore, we conclude that a strong beta-lactamase inducer must inhibit all dd-carboxypeptidases as ... | 2000 | 10602741 |
| comparison of the mics of cefepime for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and non-extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains of enterobacter cloacae. | 2000 | 10933668 | |
| antigen 43 from escherichia coli induces inter- and intraspecies cell aggregation and changes in colony morphology of pseudomonas fluorescens. | antigen 43 (ag43) is a surface-displayed autotransporter protein of escherichia coli. by virtue of its self-association characteristics, this protein is able to mediate autoaggregation and flocculation of e. coli cells in static cultures. additionally, surface display of ag43 is associated with a distinct frizzy colony morphology in e. coli. here we show that ag43 can be expressed in a functional form on the surface of the environmentally important pseudomonas fluorescens strain sbw25 with ensui ... | 2000 | 10940019 |
| occurrence and seasonal variation of airborne gram negative bacteria in a sewage treatment plant. | a study was carried out to determine the microbial density and the seasonal variation of airborne gram negative bacteria in a sewage treatment plant. sampling was made at 16 sites and the settle plate technique was used. of the 201 samples examined, 43.2% revealed fecal coliforms (mean value = 14 cfu/p/h), 53% pseudomonas spp. (mean value = 11 cfu/p/h), 46.5% shigella spp. (mean value = 13 cfu/p/h), 3% legionella spp. (mean value = 2 cfu/p/h) and 2% salmonella (mean value = < 1 cfu/p/h). 72% of ... | 2000 | 10946412 |
| enhancement of neonatal innate defense: effects of adding an n-terminal recombinant fragment of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein on growth and tumor necrosis factor-inducing activity of gram-negative bacteria tested in neonatal cord blood ex vivo. | innate defense against microbial infection requires the action of neutrophils, which have cytoplasmic granules replete with antibiotic proteins and peptides. bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi) is found in the primary granules of adult neutrophils, has a high affinity for lipopolysaccharides (or "endotoxins"), and exerts selective cytotoxic, antiendotoxic, and opsonic activity against gram-negative bacteria. we have previously reported that neutrophils derived from newborn cord bl ... | 2000 | 10948134 |
| ibc-1, a novel integron-associated class a beta-lactamase with extended-spectrum properties produced by an enterobacter cloacae clinical strain. | a transferable beta-lactamase produced by a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae was studied. the bla gene was carried by a large (>80-kb) transmissible plasmid. nucleotide sequence analysis of cloned fragments revealed that it was part of a gene cassette carried by a class 1 integron along with other resistance genes, including aac(6')-ib. the encoded beta-lactamase, designated ibc-1, was a novel class a enzyme that hydrolyzed ceftazidime and cefotaxime and was inhibited ... | 2000 | 10952563 |
| characterization of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase reference strain, klebsiella pneumoniae k6 (atcc 700603), which produces the novel enzyme shv-18. | klebsiella pneumoniae k6 (atcc 700603), a clinical isolate, is resistant to ceftazidime and other oxyimino-beta-lactams. a consistent reduction in the mics of oxyimino-beta-lactams by at least 3 twofold dilutions in the presence of clavulanic acid confirmed the utility of k. pneumoniae k6 as a quality control strain for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) detection. isoelectric-focusing analysis of crude lysates of k6 demonstrated a single beta-lactamase with a pi of 7.8 and a substrate prof ... | 2000 | 10952583 |
| concentration-dependent selection of small phenotypic differences in tem beta-lactamase-mediated antibiotic resistance. | in this paper, the first robust experimental evidence of in vitro and in vivo concentration-dependent selection of low-level antibiotic-resistant genetic variants is described. the work is based on the study of an asymmetric competition assay with pairs of isogenic escherichia coli strains, differing only (apart from a neutral chromosomal marker) in a single amino acid replacement in a plasmid-mediated tem-1 beta-lactamase enzyme, which results in the new tem-12 beta-lactamase. the mixture was c ... | 2000 | 10952599 |
| molecular characterization of fox-4, a new ampc-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase from an escherichia coli strain isolated in spain. | a clinical strain of escherichia coli (ec gce) displayed resistance to cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. susceptibility was not restored by the addition of clavulanic acid. two beta-lactamases with apparent pis of 5.4 and 6.4 were identified; the beta-lactamase with a pi of 6.4 was transferred by conjugation and associated with a 40-kb plasmid. analysis of the nucleotide sequence showed a new ampc beta-lactamase gene that is closely related to those encoding the fox-3, fox-2, an ... | 2000 | 10952615 |
| development of a fluorogenic 5' nuclease pcr assay for detection of the ail gene of pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica. | in this report we describe the development and evaluation of a fluorogenic pcr assay for the detection of pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica. the assay targets the chromosomally encoded attachment and invasion gene, ail. three primer-probe sets (tm1, tm2, and tm3) amplifying different, yet overlapping, regions of ail were examined for their specificity and sensitivity. all three primer-probe sets were able to detect between 0.25 and 0.5 pg of purified y. enterocolitica dna. tm1 identified all 26 ... | 2000 | 10966386 |
| intracellular accumulation of polyphosphate by the yeast candida humicola g-1 in response to acid ph. | cells of a newly isolated environmental strain of candida humicola accumulated 10-fold more polyphosphate (polyp), during active growth, when grown in complete glucose-mineral salts medium at ph 5.5 than when grown at ph 7.5. neither phosphate starvation, nutrient limitation, nor anaerobiosis was required to induce polyp formation. an increase in intracellular polyp was accompanied by a 4.5-fold increase in phosphate uptake from the medium and sixfold-higher levels of cellular polyphosphate kina ... | 2000 | 10966430 |
| [prevalence of microbiota in the digestive tract of wild females of lutzomyia longipalpis lutz & neiva, 1912) (diptera: psychodidae)]. | we dissected the digestive tract of 245 females in pools of 35 flies forming 7 groups. these flies were lutzomyia longipalpis originating from lapinha cave, lagoa santa, minas gerais. out of the 8 species of bacteria isolated there was a predominancy of gram negative bacterias (gnb) in the group of non-fermenters of sugar belonging to the following species: acinetobacter lwoffii, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, pseudomonas putida and flavimonas orizihabitans. the group of gnb fermenters were: ente ... | 2000 | 10967602 |
| development of a rapid pcr assay specific for staphylococcus saprophyticus and application to direct detection from urine samples. | staphylococcus saprophyticus is one of the most frequently encountered microorganisms associated with acute urinary tract infections (utis) in young, sexually active female outpatients. conventional identification methods based on biochemical characteristics can efficiently identify s. saprophyticus, but the rapidities of these methods need to be improved. rapid and direct identification of this bacterium from urine samples would be useful to improve time required for the diagnosis of s. saproph ... | 2000 | 10970371 |
| automated 5' nuclease pcr assay for identification of salmonella enterica. | a simple and ready-to-go test based on a 5' nuclease (taqman) pcr technique was developed for identification of presumptive salmonella enterica isolates. the results were compared with those of conventional methods. the taqman assay was evaluated for its ability to accurately detect 210 s. enterica isolates, including 100 problematic "rough" isolates. an internal positive control was designed to use the same salmonella primers for amplification of a spiked nonrelevant template (116 bp) in the sa ... | 2000 | 10970396 |
| bacteria in the leaf ecosystem with emphasis on pseudomonas syringae-a pathogen, ice nucleus, and epiphyte. | the extremely large number of leaves produced by terrestrial and aquatic plants provide habitats for colonization by a diversity of microorganisms. this review focuses on the bacterial component of leaf microbial communities, with emphasis on pseudomonas syringae-a species that participates in leaf ecosystems as a pathogen, ice nucleus, and epiphyte. among the diversity of bacteria that colonize leaves, none has received wider attention than p. syringae, as it gained notoriety for being the firs ... | 2000 | 10974129 |
| [bacteremia caused by enterobacter cloacae: emergence of antibiotic resistance after antibiotic prophylaxis]. | 2000 | 10976375 | |
| microbial evaluation of spanish potato omelette and cooked meat samples in university restaurants. | the focus of this study was to evaluate the microbial quality of spanish potato omelette and cooked meat samples including pork loin, chicken croquettes, long pork sausage, chicken breast, and meatballs from university restaurants. microbiological analyses of spanish potato omelette and cooked meat samples resulted in aerobic plate counts from <1.00 to 2.90 and from <1.00 to 6.04 log10 cfu g(-1), respectively. total coliforms ranged from <3 to 43 most probable number (mpn) g(-1) and from <3 to > ... | 2000 | 10983805 |
| use of oleic acid to reduce the population of the bacterial flora of poultry skin. | the effect of oleic acid on native bacterial flora of poultry skin was examined. skin from commercial broiler carcasses was washed once or twice in solutions of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10% (wt/vol) oleic acid and rinsed in peptone water. aerobic bacteria, enterobacteriaceae, campylobacter, and enterococci in the rinsates were enumerated. significantly fewer aerobic bacteria, enterobacteriaceae, campylobacter, and enterococci were recovered from rinsates of skin washed in oleic acid than from control s ... | 2000 | 10983807 |
| distribution and antimicrobial activity of fosfomycin in the interstitial fluid of human soft tissues. | fosfomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic which is established as therapy for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections. in addition, preliminary data indicate that fosfomycin has a potential role in the treatment of soft tissue infections. however, the use of fosfomycin has not been established for this condition, and it is unclear whether the level of fosfomycin penetration into human soft tissues is high enough to eradicate relevant pathogens. to better characterize the antibiotic potentia ... | 2000 | 10991852 |
| animal and human multidrug-resistant, cephalosporin-resistant salmonella isolates expressing a plasmid-mediated cmy-2 ampc beta-lactamase. | salmonella spp. are important food-borne pathogens that are demonstrating increasing antimicrobial resistance rates in isolates obtained from food animals and humans. in this study, 10 multidrug-resistant, cephalosporin-resistant salmonella isolates from bovine, porcine, and human sources from a single geographic region were identified. all isolates demonstrated resistance to cephamycins and extended-spectrum cephalosporins as well as tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfisoxazol ... | 2000 | 10991860 |
| [blood cultures: use of presumptive antiobiograms]. | mortality associated to bacteremia varies between 20 and 40% depending upon several factors, such as focus of infection, microorganism, host conditions, etc. it has also been documented that mortality may double when the patient does not receive antibiotic treatment to which the microorganism is susceptible. the objective of our work has been to determine the correlation between disk diffusion antibiogram according to nccls guidelines, from isolated colonies, and the one performed directly from ... | 2000 | 11008707 |
| evaluation of the microscan rapid neg id3 panel for identification of enterobacteriaceae and some common gram-negative nonfermenters. | the microscan rapid neg id3 panel (dade behring, inc., west sacramento, calif.) is designed for the identification of gram-negative bacilli. we evaluated its ability to accurately identify enterobacteriaceae that are routinely encountered in a clinical laboratory and glucose nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. using 511 stock cultures that were maintained at -70 degrees c and passaged three times before use, we inoculated panels according to the manufacturer's instructions and processed them in ... | 2000 | 11015366 |
| rapid differentiation of fermentative from nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli in positive blood cultures by an impedance method. | rapid differentiation of fermentative gram-negative bacilli (fermenters) from nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli (nonfermenters) in positive blood cultures may help physicians to narrow the choice of appropriate antibiotics for empiric treatment. an impedance method for direct differentiation of fermenters from nonfermenters was investigated. the bacterial suspensions (or positive culture broths containing gram-negative bacteria) were inoculated into the module wells of a bactometer (biomérie ... | 2000 | 11015369 |
| 16s ribosomal dna sequence analysis of a large collection of environmental and clinical unidentifiable bacterial isolates. | some bacteria are difficult to identify with phenotypic identification schemes commonly used outside reference laboratories. 16s ribosomal dna (rdna)-based identification of bacteria potentially offers a useful alternative when phenotypic characterization methods fail. however, as yet, the usefulness of 16s rdna sequence analysis in the identification of conventionally unidentifiable isolates has not been evaluated with a large collection of isolates. in this study, we evaluated the utility of 1 ... | 2000 | 11015374 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | after they were first identified in the mid-1980s, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) spread rapidly and became a major problem in many institutions both in europe and the united states. since vre have intrinsic resistance to most of the commonly used antibiotics and the ability to acquire resistance to most of the current available antibiotics, either by mutation or by receipt of foreign genetic material, they have a selective advantage over other microorganisms in the intestinal flora and ... | 2000 | 11023964 |
| determination of the pka value of c115 in mura (udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyltransferase) from enterobacter cloacae. | the enzyme udp-n-acetylglucosamine (udp-nag) enolpyruvyltransferase (mura) catalyzes the formation of enolpyruvyl-udp-nag, a precursor in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. the residue at position 115 in mura has been proposed to act as a general acid in the enzymatic reaction. this is also the primary site of action of the antibiotic fosfomycin. in this paper, the pk(a) of cys-115 has been determined to be 8.3, by titration of enterobacter cloacae mura with the alkylating agent iodoacetamide as a func ... | 2000 | 11027147 |
| an escherichia coli reference collection group b2- and uropathogen-associated polymorphism in the rpos-muts region of the e. coli chromosome. | chromosomal dnas of enterohemorrhagic, uropathogenic, and laboratory attenuated escherichia coli strains differ in the rpos-muts region. many uropathogens lack a deletion and an insertion characteristic of enterohemorrhagic strains. at the same chromosomal position, they harbor a 2.1-kb insertion of unknown origin with a base composition suggestive of horizontal gene transfer. unlike virulence determinants associated with urinary tract infection and/or neonatal meningitis (pap or prs, sfa, kps, ... | 2000 | 11029456 |
| sme-type carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamases from geographically diverse serratia marcescens strains. | three sets of carbapenem-resistant serratia marcescens isolates have been identified in the united states: 1 isolate in minnesota in 1985 (before approval of carbapenems for clinical use), 5 isolates in los angeles (university of california at los angeles [ucla]) in 1992, and 19 isolates in boston from 1994 to 1999. all isolates tested produced two beta-lactamases, an ampc-type enzyme with pi values of 8.6 to 9.0 and one with a pi value of approximately 9.5. the enzyme with the higher pi in each ... | 2000 | 11036019 |
| a novel class a extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (bes-1) in serratia marcescens isolated in brazil. | serratia marcescens rio-5, one of 18 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing strains isolated in several hospitals in rio de janeiro (brazil) in 1996 and 1997, exhibited a high level of resistance to aztreonam (mic, 512 microgram/ml) and a distinctly higher level of resistance to cefotaxime (mic, 64 microgram/ml) than to ceftazidime (mic, 8 microgram/ml). the strain produced a plasmid-encoded esbl with a pi of 7.5 whose bla gene was not related to those of other plasmid-mediated ambler ... | 2000 | 11036023 |
| cloning and characterization of smedef, a novel multidrug efflux pump from stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial bacterial pathogen intrinsically resistant to several antibiotics. the mechanisms involved in this intrinsic multiresistance phenotype are poorly understood. a library of chromosomal dna from a spontaneous multidrug-resistant s. maltophilia d457r mutant (a. alonso and j. l. martinez, antimicrob. agents chemother. 41:1140-1142, 1997) was screened for complementation of erythromycin susceptibility on an antibiotic-hypersusceptible escherichia coli delta ... | 2000 | 11036026 |
| biological cost of ampc production for salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. | chromosomally mediated ampc-type beta-lactamases are frequently found among enterobacteriaceae. hyperproduction of ampc beta-lactamase results in high-level resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. one striking feature of salmonella is the absence of the structural ampc gene, encoding ampc beta-lactamase, in contrast with other members in the enterobacteriaceae family, such as escherichia, citrobacter, or enterobacter. the horizontal acquisition of ampc genes is one of the causes of the increased ... | 2000 | 11036037 |
| aci-1 from acidaminococcus fermentans: characterization of the first beta-lactamase in anaerobic cocci. | acidaminococcus fermentans belongs to the group of strictly anaerobic gram-negative cocci. all previously described acidaminococcus strains are susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics. an a. fermentans strain (ryc-mr95) resistant to penicillin and expanded-spectrum cephalosporin (amoxicillin and cefotaxime mics, 64 microgram/ml) was isolated from a human perianal abscess. a fragment encoding a beta-lactamase from genomic dna was cloned in escherichia coli k-12 strain hb101, and the recombinant st ... | 2000 | 11036038 |
| nucleotide sequence of the chromosomal ampc gene of enterobacter aerogenes. | the ampc beta-lactamase gene and a small portion of the regulatory ampr sequence of enterobacter aerogenes 97b were cloned and sequenced. the beta-lactamase had an isoelectric point of 8 and conferred cephalosporin and cephamycin resistance on the host. the sequence of the cloned gene is most closely related to those of the ampc genes of e. cloacae and c. freundii. | 2000 | 11036041 |
| a 1998 survey of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae in france. the french study group. | in a 3-month period in 1998, 79 consecutive isolates of enterobacteriaceae producing an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) were collected. esbls were predominantly tem derivatives (74 of 79): tem-24-like (40 isolates), tem-3-like (29 isolates), tem-21 (3 isolates), and tem-4 and tem-52 (1 isolate each). four isolates produced shv derivatives shv-4 (three isolates) and shv-5 (one isolate), and one strain produced a ctx-m-3 enzyme. the high proportion of tem-24-like-producing enterobacter aer ... | 2000 | 11036046 |
| heterogeneity of ampc cephalosporinases of hafnia alvei clinical isolates expressing inducible or constitutive ceftazidime resistance phenotypes. | ten unrelated hafnia alvei clinical isolates were grouped according to either their low-level and inducible cephalosporinase production or their high-level and constitutive cephalosporinase production phenotype. their ampc sequences shared 85 to 100% amino acid identity. the immediate genetic environment of ampc genes was conserved in h. alvei isolates but was different from that found in other ampc-possessing enterobacterial species. | 2000 | 11036059 |
| oral yeasts and coliforms in hiv-infected individuals in hong kong. | the objective was to determine the oral carriage patterns of yeasts and coliforms and their relationships, if any, with age, risk group, cdc classification, cd4+ count and medications in a predominantly chinese, hiv-infected cohort in hong kong. a prospective longitudinal study was carried out over a 12-month period, of 32 predominantly chinese male hiv-infected cohort in a hospital setting in hong kong. oral carriage rates were determined by the concentrated rinse culture method and correlated ... | 2000 | 11036401 |
| detection and distribution of insertion sequence 1 (is1)-containing bacteria in the freshwater environment(1). | the distribution of insertion sequence 1 (is1)-containing bacteria was investigated in windermere (cumbria, uk), a freshwater body impacted by treated sewage discharge and run-off from the surrounding catchment. culturable is1-containing bacteria were recovered from the water column at three depths in windermere north basin (wnb) and south basin (wsb), and from sediment at both sites (at the sediment surface in wsb and to a depth of 12-13 cm in wnb). polymerase chain reaction amplification of is ... | 2000 | 11053739 |
| transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by purified xenobiotic reductase b from pseudomonas fluorescens i-c. | the enzymatic transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) by purified xenb, an nadph-dependent flavoprotein oxidoreductase from pseudomonas fluorescens i-c, was evaluated by using natural abundance and [u-(14)c]tnt preparations. xenb catalyzed the reduction of tnt either by hydride addition to the aromatic ring or by nitro group reduction, with the accumulation of various tautomers of the protonated dihydride-meisenheimer complex of tnt, 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, and 4-hydroxylamino- ... | 2000 | 11055918 |
| a novel selenite- and tellurite-inducible gene in escherichia coli. | selenium is both an essential and a toxic trace element, and the range of concentrations between the two is extremely narrow. although tellurium is not essential and is only rarely found in the environment, it is considered to be extremely toxic. several hypotheses have been proposed to account for the toxic effects of selenite and tellurite. however, these potential mechanisms have yet to be fully substantiated. through screening of an escherichia coli luxab transcriptional gene fusion library, ... | 2000 | 11055951 |
| outbreak of nosocomial infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains of enteric group 137, a new member of the family enterobacteriaceae closely related to citrobacter farmeri and citrobacter amalonaticus. | a member of the enterobacteriaceae initially identified as kluyvera cryocrescens by the microscan gram-negative combo 13 panel caused an outbreak of nosocomial infections in four patients (pneumonia, n = 2; urinary tract infection, n = 1; wound infection, n = 1) and urinary tract colonization in one patient. when the strains were tested by the enteric reference laboratory of the centers for disease control and prevention, biochemical results were most compatible with yersinia intermedia, kluyver ... | 2000 | 11060050 |
| identification of ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter jejuni by use of a fluorogenic pcr assay. | fluoroquinolones are one class of antimicrobial agents commonly used to treat severe campylobacter jejuni infection. c. jejuni strains resistant to high levels of the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin (mic >/=16 microg/ml) have been predominantly characterized with a c-->t transition in codon 86 of gyra. the gyra gene encodes one subunit of dna gyrase, which is a primary target for fluoroquinolone antibiotics. this study establishes a rapid pcr-based taqman method for identifying ciprofloxacin-resis ... | 2000 | 11060054 |
| detection and identification of mycobacteria by amplification of the internal transcribed spacer regions with genus- and species-specific pcr primers. | we evaluated the usefulness of pcr assays that target the internal transcribed spacer (its) region for identifying mycobacteria at the species level. the conservative and species-specific its sequences of 33 species of mycobacteria were analyzed in a multialignment analysis. one pair of panmycobacterial primers and seven pairs of mycobacterial species-specific primers were designed. all pcrs were performed under the same conditions. the specificities of the primers were tested with type strains ... | 2000 | 11060072 |
| antibacterial spectrum of a novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone, bms-284756. | the in vitro spectrum of a novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone, bms-284756, was compared with those of five fluoroquinolones (trovafloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin). bms-284756 was among the most active and often was the most active quinolone against staphylococci (including methicillin-resistant strains), streptococci, pneumococci (including ciprofloxacin-nonsusceptible and penicillin-resistant strains), and enterococcus faecalis. bms-284756 inhibited approximately 6 ... | 2000 | 11083639 |
| levofloxacin pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities against five enterobacterial species. | after oral administration of 500 mg of levofloxacin to 12 volunteers, we investigated the pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities (sbas) against five strains of members of the family enterobacteriaceae. pharmacokinetic data were as follows: maximum concentration in serum, 6.36 +/- 0.57 mg/liter; area under the concentration-time curve, 43.6 +/- 6.23 mg. h/liter; elimination half-life 4.23 +/- 0.87 h. sbas were present for 24 h against escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii. the sba ... | 2000 | 11083664 |
| coliform bacteria and nitrogen fixation in pulp and paper mill effluent treatment systems. | the majority of pulp and paper mills now biotreat their combined effluents using activated sludge. on the assumption that their wood-based effluents have negligible fixed n, and that activated-sludge microorganisms will not fix significant n, these mills routinely spend large amounts adding ammonia or urea to their aeration tanks (bioreactors) to permit normal biomass growth. n(2) fixation in seven eastern canadian pulp and paper mill effluent treatment systems was analyzed using acetylene reduc ... | 2000 | 11097883 |
| zoospore homing and infection events: effects of the biocontrol bacterium burkholderia cepacia ammdr1 on two oomycete pathogens of pea (pisum sativum l.). | burkholderia cepacia ammdr1 is a biocontrol agent that protects pea and sweet corn seeds from pythium damping-off in field experiments. the goal of this work was to understand the effect of b. cepacia ammdr1 on pythium aphanidermatum and aphanomyces euteiches zoospore homing events and on infection of pea seeds or roots. in vitro, b. cepacia ammdr1 caused zoospore lysis, prevented cyst germination, and inhibited germ tube growth of both oomycetes. b. cepacia ammdr1 also reduced the attractivenes ... | 2000 | 11097889 |
| suitability of pcr fingerprinting, infrequent-restriction-site pcr, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, combined with computerized gel analysis, in library typing of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | strains of salmonella enterica (n = 212) of different serovars and phage types were used to establish a library typing computerized system for serovar enteritidis on the basis of pcr fingerprinting, infrequent-restriction-site pcr (irs-pcr), or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the rate of pcr fingerprinting interassay and intercenter reproducibility was low and was only increased when dna samples were extracted at the same time and amplified with the same reaction mixtures. reproducibili ... | 2000 | 11097902 |
| fatty acid competition as a mechanism by which enterobacter cloacae suppresses pythium ultimum sporangium germination and damping-off. | interactions between plant-associated microorganisms play important roles in suppressing plant diseases and enhancing plant growth and development. while competition between plant-associated bacteria and plant pathogens has long been thought to be an important means of suppressing plant diseases microbiologically, unequivocal evidence supporting such a mechanism has been lacking. we present evidence here that competition for plant-derived unsaturated long-chain fatty acids between the biological ... | 2000 | 11097912 |
| evaluation of p-naphtholbenzein-beta-d-galactoside as a substrate for bacterial beta-galactosidase. | we describe the synthesis of a new substrate for the detection of beta-galactosidase and evaluate its performance in comparison with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (x-gal) and cyclohexenoesculetinbeta-d-galactoside (che-gal). of 206 enterobacteriaceae strains able to hydrolyze x-gal, 194 (94.2%) hydrolyzed che-gal and 192 (93.2%) hydrolyzed p-naphtholbenzein-beta-d-galactoside (pnb-gal). we conclude that pnb-gal is an effective substrate for the detection of beta-galactosida ... | 2000 | 11097942 |
| dissemination of ctx-m-3 and cmy-2 beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of escherichia coli in southern taiwan. | a total of 1,210 clinical isolates of escherichia coli collected from a university hospital in southern taiwan were screened for production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls). expression of classical esbls (resistant to extended-spectrum beta-lactam agents and susceptible to beta-lactam inhibitors) was inferred in 18 isolates by the phenotypic confirmatory test. these included 10 isolates producing ctx-m-3, 2 strains carrying shv-12, 1 strain harboring shv-5, 1 strain expressing tem-10 ... | 2000 | 11101558 |
| duodenal microflora in very-low-birth-weight neonates and relation to necrotizing enterocolitis. | necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in the neonatal period. small-bowel overgrowth with aerobic gram-negative bacteria has previously been implicated in the development of nec. this prospective study performed quantitative bacteriology on 422 duodenal aspirates collected from 122 very-low-birth-weight (<1,500-g) newborns, at the time of routine changing of nasogastric tubes. isolates of enterobacteriaceae were typed by repetitive extragenic, palindromic ... | 2000 | 11101593 |
| cost-effective and rapid presumptive identification of gram-negative bacilli in routine urine, pus, and stool cultures: evaluation of the use of chromagar orientation medium in conjunction with simple biochemical tests. | the algorithm for a new identification system was designed on the basis of colony color and morphology on chromagar orientation medium in conjunction with simple biochemical tests such as indole (ind), lysine decarboxylase (ldc), and ornithine decarboxylase (odc) utilization tests with gram-negative bacilli isolated from urine samples as well as pus, stool, and other clinical specimens by the following colony characteristics, biochemical reactions, and serological results: pinkish to red, ind po ... | 2000 | 11101600 |
| comparison of the rodac imprint method to selective enrichment broth for recovery of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and drug-resistant enterobacteriaceae from environmental surfaces. | we compared the rodac imprint technique to selective enrichment broth for detecting vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) and multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae (mdre) on surfaces. rodac plates contained tryptic soy agar with 5% sheep blood, vancomycin (6 microg/ml), ceftazidime (2 microg/ml), amphotericin b (2 microg/ml), and clindamycin (1 microg/ml). two types of broth were used: brain heart infusion (bhi) and bhi plus vancomycin (6 microg/ml) and ceftazidime (2 microg/ml) (bhivc). of th ... | 2000 | 11101613 |
| high-pathogenicity island of yersinia spp. in escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhea patients in china. | the high-pathogenicity island (hpi) of yersinia has been observed in 93% of 60 enteroadhesive escherichia coli strains and 80% of e. coli strains isolated from blood samples. in the present study we investigated 671 fecal samples from patients with diarrhea in shandong province, china, and isolated hpi-harboring e. coli from 6. 26% of the samples. the isolation rates for patients with diarrhea in three age groups, 10 to 20, 30 to 40, and 50 to 60 years, were 6. 70, 12.35, and 10.81%, respectivel ... | 2000 | 11101622 |
| convenient test for screening metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria by using thiol compounds. | a simple disk diffusion test was constructed for detection of imp-1-type metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria. two kirby-bauer disks containing ceftazidime (caz) and a filter disk containing a metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor were used in this test. several imp-1 inhibitors such as thiol compounds including 2-mercaptopropionic acid, heavy metal salts, and edta were evaluated for this test. two caz disks were placed on a mueller-hinton agar plate on which a bacterial suspension ... | 2000 | 10618060 |
| escherichia coli serotype o15:k52:h1 as a uropathogenic clone. | to clarify the clinical and bacteriological correlates of urinary-tract infection (uti) due to escherichia coli o15:k52:h1, during a 1-year surveillance period we prospectively screened all 1, 871 significant e. coli urine isolates at the hospital de la santa creu i sant pau, barcelona, spain, for this serotype and assessed the epidemiological features of community-acquired uti due to e. coli o15:k52:h1 versus other e. coli serotypes. we also compared the 25 o15:k52:h1 uti isolates from the pres ... | 2000 | 10618088 |
| detection of clarithromycin-resistant helicobacter pylori strains by a preferential homoduplex formation assay. | it has been shown that resistance to clarithromycin, a major cause of failure in helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, is associated with point mutations in the 23s rrna gene. we sought to apply the preferential homoduplex formation assay (phfa), a novel technique for the efficient detection of point mutations, to detection of the mutations. phfa was performed on streptavidin-coated microtiter plates with biotin- and dinitrophenyl-labeled amplicons to detect the wild-type gene or each mutant ... | 2000 | 10618089 |
| identification of a major cluster of klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from patients with liver abscess in taiwan. | klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged as the leading liver abscess pathogen in taiwan, with the percentage rising from 30% in the 1980s to over 80% in the 1990s. most of the patients with k. pneumoniae liver abscess are diabetic and without biliary tract disease. some patients develop serious extrahepatic complications such as endophthalmitis, meningitis, lung abscess, and necrotizing fasciitis. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was used for cluster analysis of 96 isolates from patients with l ... | 2000 | 10618128 |
| isolation of pantoea agglomerans in two cases of septic monoarthritis after plant thorn and wood sliver injuries. | arthritis after plant injury is often apparently aseptic. we report two cases due to pantoea agglomerans. in one case, the bacterium was isolated only from the pediatric blood culture media, bactec peds plus, monitored in bactec 9240, and not from the other media inoculated with the joint fluid. this procedure could help improve the diagnosis of septic arthritis. | 2000 | 10618144 |
| importance of pfka for rapid growth of enterobacter cloacae during colonization of crop seeds. | enterobacter cloacae a-11 is a prototrophic, glycolytic mutant of strain 501r3 with a single transposon insertion in pfka. the populations of strain a-11 on cucumber and radish seeds were smaller than the populations of strain 501r3 in natural soil, but the populations of these two strains on pea, soybean, sunflower, and sweet corn seeds were similar (d. p. roberts, p. d. dery, i. yucel, j. buyer, m. a. holtman, and d. y. kobayashi, appl. environ. microbiol. 65:2513-2519, 1999). the net effect o ... | 2000 | 10618207 |
| impact of an urban effluent on antibiotic resistance of riverine enterobacteriaceae and aeromonas spp. | in order to evaluate the impact of an urban effluent on antibiotic resistance of freshwater bacterial populations, water samples were collected from the arga river (spain), upstream and downstream from the wastewater discharge of the city of pamplona. strains of enterobacteriaceae (representative of the human and animal commensal flora) (110 isolates) and aeromonas (typically waterborne bacteria) (118 isolates) were selected for antibiotic susceptibility testing. most of the aeromonas strains (7 ... | 2000 | 10618213 |
| enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infections traced to contaminated human albumin. | in august 1996, a patient in kansas developed an enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infection (bsi) shortly after receiving albuminar, a brand of human albumin. albuminar contamination was suspected. a case-control study of patients with primary gram-negative bacterial bsis showed that patients with e. cloacae bsis were significantly more likely than patients with non-e. cloacae gram-negative bsis to have received albuminar within 3 days of developing their bsis (3 of 5 vs. 0 of 9; or, undefined; ... | 2000 | 10619730 |
| mixed infection in adult bacterial meningitis. | 12 adult patients suffering from bacterial meningitis caused by mixed infection were identified at kaohsiung chang gung memorial hospital over a period of 13 years (1986-1998), and they accounted for 6.5% (12/184) of our culture-proven adult bacterial meningitis. the 12 cases included seven males and five females, aged 17-74 years. six of the 12 cases had community-acquired infections and the other six had nosocomially-acquired infections. ten of the 12 cases had associated underlying diseases, ... | 2000 | 10697784 |
| gene cloning and nucleotide sequencing and properties of a cocaine esterase from rhodococcus sp. strain mb1. | a strain of rhodococcus designated mb1, which was capable of utilizing cocaine as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen for growth, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of the tropane alkaloid-producing plant erythroxylum coca. a cocaine esterase was found to initiate degradation of cocaine, which was hydrolyzed to ecgonine methyl ester and benzoate; both of these esterolytic products were further metabolized by rhodococcus sp. strain mb1. the structural gene encoding a cocaine esterase, designated ... | 2000 | 10698749 |
| frequency and biodiversity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing bacteria isolated from the maize rhizosphere at different stages of plant growth. | a pseudomonas 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (dapg)-producing population that occurred naturally on the roots, in rhizosphere soil of zea mays and in the nonrhizosphere soil was investigated in order to assess the microbial diversity at five stages of plant growth. a total of 1,716 isolates were obtained, and 188 of these isolates were able to produce dapg. dapg producers were isolated at each stage of plant growth, indicating that the maize rhizosphere is colonized by natural dapg producers through ... | 2000 | 10698757 |
| imipenem resistance of enterobacter aerogenes mediated by outer membrane permeability. | multidrug-resistant enterobacter aerogenes strains are increasingly isolated in europe and especially in france. treatment leads to imipenem resistance, because of a lack of porin. we studied the evolution of resistance in 29 strains isolated from four patients during their clinical course. these strains belonged to the prevalent epidemiological type observed in france in previous studies (c. bosi, et al., j. clin. microbiol. 37:2165-2169, 1999; a. davin-regli et al., j. clin. microbiol. 34:1474 ... | 2000 | 10698994 |
| novel screening method for urine cultures using a filter paper dilution system. | we have developed a novel method for urine culture for office practice based on the use of filter paper as a solid-phase dilution device. filtration dilutes and spreads the inoculum onto a solid culture surface. experiments were conducted to determine the optimum inoculum size, microbial permeability through filter papers, and ability to exclude vaginal epithelial cells. the filter paper dilution system was compared to the standard streak method to detect bacteriuria in specimens submitted to th ... | 2000 | 10699019 |
| [prosthetic valve endocarditis due to enterobacter cloacae]. | 2000 | 10721300 | |
| non-target gene mutations in the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in escherichia coli. | mutations in loci other than genes for the target topoisomerases of fluoroquinolones, gyra and parc, may play a role in the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in escherichia coli. a series of mutants with increasing resistance to ofloxacin was obtained from an e. coli k-12 strain and five clinical isolates. first-step mutants acquired a gyra mutation. second-step mutants reproducibly acquired a phenotype of multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) and organic solvent tolerance and showed enha ... | 2000 | 10722475 |
| antimicrobial activities of mefloquine and a series of related compounds. | mefloquine was found to have bactericidal activity against methicillin- and fluoroquinolone-susceptible and -resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis and gentamicin- and vancomycin-resistant strains of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium. the mics were 16 microg/ml, and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) were 16 to 32 microg/ml. these concentrations cannot be achieved in serum. mefloquine was active at a more achievable concentration agains ... | 2000 | 10722480 |
| efficacies of imipenem, meropenem, cefepime, and ceftazidime in rats with experimental pneumonia due to a carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase-producing strain of enterobacter cloacae. | the antibacterial activities of imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem-cilastatin, cefepime and ceftazidime against enterobacter cloacae nor-1, which produces the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase nmca and a cephalosporinase, and against one of its in vitro-obtained ceftazidime-resistant mutant were compared by using an experimental model of pneumonia with immunocompetent rats. the mics of the beta-lactams with an inoculum of 5 log(10) cfu/ml were as follows for e. cloacae nor-1 and its ceftazidime- ... | 2000 | 10722486 |
| nucleotide sequence of the bla(rtg-2) (carb-5) gene and phylogeny of a new group of carbenicillinases. | we determined the nucleotide sequence of the bla gene for the acinetobacter calcoaceticus beta-lactamase previously described as carb-5. alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence with those of known beta-lactamases revealed that carb-5 possesses an rtg triad in box vii, as described for the proteus mirabilis gn79 enzyme, instead of the rsg consensus characteristic of the other carbenicillinases. phylogenetic studies showed that these rtg enzymes constitute a new, separate group, possibly ance ... | 2000 | 10722515 |
| a canadian national surveillance study of urinary tract isolates from outpatients: comparison of the activities of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, mecillinam, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin. the canadian urinary isolate study group. | ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, mecillinam, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin mean resistance rates for 2,000 urinary tract isolates collected from outpatients across canada in 1998 were 41.1, 19.2, 14.7, 5.0, and 1.8%, respectively. for escherichia coli isolates alone (n = 1,681) comparable rates were 41. 0, 18.9, 7.4, 0.1, and 1.2%, respectively. the majority of e. coli isolates resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or ciprofloxacin were susceptible (mic, <16 micro ... | 2000 | 10722520 |
| cloning, sequencing, and role in serum susceptibility of porin ii from mesophilic aeromonas hydrophila. | we cloned and sequenced the structural gene for aeromonas hydrophila porin ii from strain ah-3 (serogroup o:34). the genetic position of this gene, like that of ompf in escherichia coli, is adjacent to aspc and transcribed in the same direction. however, upstream of the porin ii gene no similarities with e. coli were found. we obtained defined insertion mutants in porin ii gene either in a. hydrophila (o:34) or a. veronii sobria (serogroup o:11) serum-resistant or -sensitive strains. furthermore ... | 2000 | 10722573 |
| antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of feijoa sellowiana fruit. | the present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of an aqueous extract from the tropical feijoa sellowiana berg. fruit which is widely used for human food. the extract was tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by a broth dilution test and on human whole blood leukocytes, as well as isolated neutrophils using a chemiluminescence (cl) assay. the extract inhibited bacterial growth; pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter aerogenes and enterobact ... | 2000 | 10724024 |
| the phytopathogenic bacteria erwinia carotovora infects drosophila and activates an immune response. | although drosophila possesses potent immune responses, little is known about the microbial pathogens that infect drosophila. we have identified members of the bacterial genus erwinia that induce the systemic expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides in drosophila larvae after ingestion. these erwinia strains are phytopathogens and use flies as vectors; our data suggest that these strains have also evolved mechanisms for exploiting their insect vectors as hosts. erwinia infections induc ... | 2000 | 10725405 |
| biological control of an insect pest by gut-colonizing enterobacter cloacae transformed with ice nucleation gene. | the ice nucleation (in) gene inaa of epiphytic erwinia (pantoea) ananas in10 was transformed into enterobacter cloacae wbmh-3-cmr originated from the faeces of silkworms. the transformant designated as ent. cloacae wbmh-3-cmr(pice6s13) exhibited in activity, unlike the parent strain. the transgenic strain was ingested by mulberry pyralid larvae, fed on detached mulberry leaves, and the supercooling capacity and cold hardiness of these larvae were examined. the mean supercooling point (scp) of th ... | 2000 | 10735247 |
| three-year surveillance study of nosocomial bacterial resistance in argentina. the antimicrobial committee; and the national surveillance program (sir) participants group. | a national surveillance program (sir) was introduced in 1996 in argentina by the antimicrobial committee of the argentinean society for microbiology to assess bacterial resistance. the present study reports the rates of nosocomial bacterial resistance found by this program. | 2000 | 10737844 |
| target site concentrations after continuous infusion and bolus injection of cefpirome to healthy volunteers. | recent data indicate a higher level of effectivity of beta-lactam antibiotics if serum concentrations are kept above the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of the pathogen. this concept would favor continuous infusion over bolus dosing. however, it is usually not the serum concentration but the free interstitial concentration in the target tissue that determines antibiotic activity. we therefore set out to measure effective drug concentrations in the interstitial space of muscle and subcutan ... | 2000 | 10741625 |