| levofloxacin pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities against five enterobacterial species. | after oral administration of 500 mg of levofloxacin to 12 volunteers, we investigated the pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities (sbas) against five strains of members of the family enterobacteriaceae. pharmacokinetic data were as follows: maximum concentration in serum, 6.36 +/- 0.57 mg/liter; area under the concentration-time curve, 43.6 +/- 6.23 mg. h/liter; elimination half-life 4.23 +/- 0.87 h. sbas were present for 24 h against escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii. the sba ... | 2000 | 11083664 |
| coliform bacteria and nitrogen fixation in pulp and paper mill effluent treatment systems. | the majority of pulp and paper mills now biotreat their combined effluents using activated sludge. on the assumption that their wood-based effluents have negligible fixed n, and that activated-sludge microorganisms will not fix significant n, these mills routinely spend large amounts adding ammonia or urea to their aeration tanks (bioreactors) to permit normal biomass growth. n(2) fixation in seven eastern canadian pulp and paper mill effluent treatment systems was analyzed using acetylene reduc ... | 2000 | 11097883 |
| zoospore homing and infection events: effects of the biocontrol bacterium burkholderia cepacia ammdr1 on two oomycete pathogens of pea (pisum sativum l.). | burkholderia cepacia ammdr1 is a biocontrol agent that protects pea and sweet corn seeds from pythium damping-off in field experiments. the goal of this work was to understand the effect of b. cepacia ammdr1 on pythium aphanidermatum and aphanomyces euteiches zoospore homing events and on infection of pea seeds or roots. in vitro, b. cepacia ammdr1 caused zoospore lysis, prevented cyst germination, and inhibited germ tube growth of both oomycetes. b. cepacia ammdr1 also reduced the attractivenes ... | 2000 | 11097889 |
| suitability of pcr fingerprinting, infrequent-restriction-site pcr, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, combined with computerized gel analysis, in library typing of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | strains of salmonella enterica (n = 212) of different serovars and phage types were used to establish a library typing computerized system for serovar enteritidis on the basis of pcr fingerprinting, infrequent-restriction-site pcr (irs-pcr), or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the rate of pcr fingerprinting interassay and intercenter reproducibility was low and was only increased when dna samples were extracted at the same time and amplified with the same reaction mixtures. reproducibili ... | 2000 | 11097902 |
| fatty acid competition as a mechanism by which enterobacter cloacae suppresses pythium ultimum sporangium germination and damping-off. | interactions between plant-associated microorganisms play important roles in suppressing plant diseases and enhancing plant growth and development. while competition between plant-associated bacteria and plant pathogens has long been thought to be an important means of suppressing plant diseases microbiologically, unequivocal evidence supporting such a mechanism has been lacking. we present evidence here that competition for plant-derived unsaturated long-chain fatty acids between the biological ... | 2000 | 11097912 |
| evaluation of p-naphtholbenzein-beta-d-galactoside as a substrate for bacterial beta-galactosidase. | we describe the synthesis of a new substrate for the detection of beta-galactosidase and evaluate its performance in comparison with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (x-gal) and cyclohexenoesculetinbeta-d-galactoside (che-gal). of 206 enterobacteriaceae strains able to hydrolyze x-gal, 194 (94.2%) hydrolyzed che-gal and 192 (93.2%) hydrolyzed p-naphtholbenzein-beta-d-galactoside (pnb-gal). we conclude that pnb-gal is an effective substrate for the detection of beta-galactosida ... | 2000 | 11097942 |
| dissemination of ctx-m-3 and cmy-2 beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of escherichia coli in southern taiwan. | a total of 1,210 clinical isolates of escherichia coli collected from a university hospital in southern taiwan were screened for production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls). expression of classical esbls (resistant to extended-spectrum beta-lactam agents and susceptible to beta-lactam inhibitors) was inferred in 18 isolates by the phenotypic confirmatory test. these included 10 isolates producing ctx-m-3, 2 strains carrying shv-12, 1 strain harboring shv-5, 1 strain expressing tem-10 ... | 2000 | 11101558 |
| duodenal microflora in very-low-birth-weight neonates and relation to necrotizing enterocolitis. | necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in the neonatal period. small-bowel overgrowth with aerobic gram-negative bacteria has previously been implicated in the development of nec. this prospective study performed quantitative bacteriology on 422 duodenal aspirates collected from 122 very-low-birth-weight (<1,500-g) newborns, at the time of routine changing of nasogastric tubes. isolates of enterobacteriaceae were typed by repetitive extragenic, palindromic ... | 2000 | 11101593 |
| cost-effective and rapid presumptive identification of gram-negative bacilli in routine urine, pus, and stool cultures: evaluation of the use of chromagar orientation medium in conjunction with simple biochemical tests. | the algorithm for a new identification system was designed on the basis of colony color and morphology on chromagar orientation medium in conjunction with simple biochemical tests such as indole (ind), lysine decarboxylase (ldc), and ornithine decarboxylase (odc) utilization tests with gram-negative bacilli isolated from urine samples as well as pus, stool, and other clinical specimens by the following colony characteristics, biochemical reactions, and serological results: pinkish to red, ind po ... | 2000 | 11101600 |
| comparison of the rodac imprint method to selective enrichment broth for recovery of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and drug-resistant enterobacteriaceae from environmental surfaces. | we compared the rodac imprint technique to selective enrichment broth for detecting vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) and multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae (mdre) on surfaces. rodac plates contained tryptic soy agar with 5% sheep blood, vancomycin (6 microg/ml), ceftazidime (2 microg/ml), amphotericin b (2 microg/ml), and clindamycin (1 microg/ml). two types of broth were used: brain heart infusion (bhi) and bhi plus vancomycin (6 microg/ml) and ceftazidime (2 microg/ml) (bhivc). of th ... | 2000 | 11101613 |
| high-pathogenicity island of yersinia spp. in escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhea patients in china. | the high-pathogenicity island (hpi) of yersinia has been observed in 93% of 60 enteroadhesive escherichia coli strains and 80% of e. coli strains isolated from blood samples. in the present study we investigated 671 fecal samples from patients with diarrhea in shandong province, china, and isolated hpi-harboring e. coli from 6. 26% of the samples. the isolation rates for patients with diarrhea in three age groups, 10 to 20, 30 to 40, and 50 to 60 years, were 6. 70, 12.35, and 10.81%, respectivel ... | 2000 | 11101622 |
| methionine-to-cysteine recycling in klebsiella aerogenes. | in the enteric bacteria escherichia coli and salmonella enterica, sulfate is reduced to sulfide and assimilated into the amino acid cysteine; in turn, cysteine provides the sulfur atom for other sulfur-bearing molecules in the cell, including methionine. these organisms cannot use methionine as a sole source of sulfur. here we report that this constraint is not shared by many other enteric bacteria, which can use either cysteine or methionine as the sole source of sulfur. the enteric bacterium k ... | 2001 | 11114934 |
| phylogeny of the major head and tail genes of the wide-ranging t4-type bacteriophages. | we examined a number of bacteriophages with t4-type morphology that propagate in different genera of enterobacteria, aeromonas, burkholderia, and vibrio. most of these phages had a prolate icosahedral head, a contractile tail, and a genome size that was similar to that of t4. a few of them had more elongated heads and larger genomes. all these phages are phylogenetically related, since they each had sequences homologous to the capsid gene (gene 23), tail sheath gene (gene 18), and tail tube gene ... | 2001 | 11114936 |
| evaluation of current activities of fluoroquinolones against gram-negative bacilli using centralized in vitro testing and electronic surveillance. | given the propensity for enterobacteriaceae and clinically significant nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli to acquire antimicrobial resistance, consistent surveillance of the activities of agents commonly prescribed to treat infections arising from these organisms is imperative. this study determined the activities of two fluoroquinolones, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, and seven comparative agents against recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter b ... | 2001 | 11120976 |
| affinities of beta-lactams for penicillin binding proteins of chlamydia trachomatis and their antichlamydial activities. | binding affinities of beta-lactam antibiotics for the three penicillin binding proteins (pbps) from chlamydia trachomatis were determined in vitro and compared with their antichlamydial activities. mecillinam selectively inhibited pbp1, with a 50% inhibitory concentration for pbp1 binding (0.2 microg/ml) similar to the mic (0.1 microg/ml) and minimum bactericidal concentration (0.25 microg/ml). although the other beta-lactams inhibited a wider range of pbps than mecillinam, their antichlamydial ... | 2001 | 11120983 |
| analysis of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of chrysanthemum via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of pcr-amplified 16s rrna as well as dna fragments coding for 16s rrna. | the effect of developing chrysanthemum roots on the presence and activity of bacterial populations in the rhizosphere was examined by using culture-independent methods. nucleic acids were extracted from rhizosphere soil samples associated with the bases of roots or root tips of plants harvested at different stages of development. pcr and reverse transcriptase (rt) pcr were used to amplify 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) and 16s rrna, respectively, and the products were subjected to denaturing gradient ... | 2001 | 11133442 |
| rapid, quantitative pcr monitoring of growth of clostridium botulinum type e in modified-atmosphere-packaged fish. | a rapid, quantitative pcr assay (taqman assay) which quantifies clostridium botulinum type e by amplifying a 280-bp sequence from the botulinum neurotoxin type e (bont/e) gene is described. with this method, which uses the hydrolysis of an internal fluoregenic probe and monitors in real time the increase in the intensity of fluorescence during pcr by using the abi prism 7700 sequence detection system, it was possible to perform accurate and reproducible quantification of the c. botulinum type e ... | 2001 | 11133447 |
| vertical transmission of biosynthetic plasmids in aphid endosymbionts (buchnera). | this study tested for horizontal transfer of plasmids among buchnera aphidicola strains associated with ecologically and phylogenetically related aphid hosts (uroleucon species). phylogenetic congruence of buchnera plasmid (trpeg and leuabc) and chromosomal (dnan and trpb) genes supports strictly vertical long-term transmission of plasmids, which persist due to their contributions to host nutrition rather than capacity for infectious transfer. synonymous divergences indicate elevated mutation on ... | 2001 | 11133977 |
| expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of the native class c beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae 908r and two mutants. | crystals have been obtained of the enterobacter cloacae 908r beta-lactamase and two point mutants by the vapour-diffusion method using similar conditions [ph 9.0, polyethylene glycol (m(r) = 6000) as precipitant]. the three crystal forms belong to the orthorhombic space group p2(1)2(1)2, with roughly the same unit-cell parameters; i.e. for the wild-type crystals a = 46.46, b = 82.96, c = 95.31 a. in the best cases, the crystals diffract to about 2.1 a resolution on a rotating-anode x-ray source ... | 2001 | 11134945 |
| successful use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in a patient with relapsing peritonitis. | intraperitoneal (ip) administration of either streptokinase (sk) or urokinase (uk) has assumed an adjunctive role to antibiotic therapy in selected patients with relapsing peritonitis. in these circumstances, bacteria may be protected from antibiotics through sequestration in either fibrinous structures or biofilms within the lumen of the peritoneal dialysis (pd) catheter or the peritoneal cavity. in some cases, it appears that disruption of these sheltered microenvironments by thrombolytic agen ... | 2001 | 11136181 |
| molecular epidemiology of the integron-located veb-1 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in nosocomial enterobacterial isolates in bangkok, thailand. | over a 21/2-month period in 1999, 37 ceftazidime-resistant nonrepetitive enterobacterial isolates were collected from 37 patients in a bangkok hospital, thailand. eighty-one percent of these strains expressed a clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-cephalosporin resistance profile. an identical extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl), veb-1, was found in 16 unrelated enterobacterial isolates (escherichia coli, n = 10; enterobacter cloacae, n = 2; enterobacter sakazakii, n = 1; and klebsiella pneumo ... | 2001 | 11136767 |
| contemporary assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for polymyxin b and colistin: review of available interpretative criteria and quality control guidelines. | the emergence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter spp. has necessitated the search for alternative parenteral agents such as the polymyxins. the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) documents do not currently provide interpretative criteria for the testing of the polymyxins, colistin and polymyxin b. therefore, an evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of colistin and polymyxin b was initiated using 200 bloodstream infect ... | 2001 | 11136768 |
| ability of laboratories to detect emerging antimicrobial resistance: proficiency testing and quality control results from the world health organization's external quality assurance system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. | the accuracy of antimicrobial susceptibility data submitted by microbiology laboratories to national and international surveillance systems has been debated for a number of years. to assess the accuracy of data submitted to the world health organization by users of the whonet software, the centers for disease control and prevention distributed six bacterial isolates representing key antimicrobial-resistance phenotypes to approximately 130 laboratories, all but one of which were outside of the un ... | 2001 | 11136778 |
| outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis associated with enterobacter sakazakii in powdered milk formula. | we describe an outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) that occurred in the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital. a total of 12 neonates developed nec in june-july 1998. for two of them, twin brothers, the nec turned out to be fatal. enterobacter sakazakii, a known contaminant of powdered milk formula, was isolated from a stomach aspirate, anal swab, and/or blood sample for 6 of the 12 neonates. a review of feeding procedures revealed that 10 of the 12 patients were fed orally with t ... | 2001 | 11136786 |
| rapid detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli by real-time pcr with fluorescent hybridization probes. | in this report, we present a pcr protocol for rapid identification of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli on a lightcycler instrument. in a multiplex assay, the genes encoding shiga toxin 1 and shiga toxin 2 are detected in a single reaction capillary. a complete analysis of up to 32 samples takes about 45 min. | 2001 | 11136804 |
| ceftibuten stability to active-site serine and metallo-beta-lactamases. | ceftibuten is an oral third-generation cephalosporin active against a wide range of bacteria and shows an improved stability to hydrolysis by several beta-lactamases because of the carboxyethilidine moiety at position 7 of the ss-acyl side chain. the kinetic interactions between ceftibuten and active-site serine and metallo-ss-lactamases were investigated. the activity of several tem-derived extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbetals) against ceftibuten, cefotaxime and ceftazidime was compared ... | 2001 | 11137648 |
| influence of an infectious disease service on antibiotic prescription behavior and selection of multiresistant pathogens. | a routine infectious disease service was established in january 1998 in order to optimize the antibiotic usage and prescription pattern of a neurologic intensive care unit (nicu). | 2000 | 11139159 |
| conserved regulatory elements of the promoter sequence of the gene rpoh of enteric bacteria. | the rpoh regulatory region of different members of the enteric bacteria family was sequenced or downloaded from genbank and compared. in addition, the transcriptional start sites of rpoh of yersinia frederiksenii and proteus mirabilis, two distant members of this family, were determined. sequences similar to the sigma(70) promoters p1, p4 and p5, to the sigma(e) promoter p3 and to boxes dnaa1, dnaa2, camp receptor protein (crp) boxes crp1, crp2 and box cytr present in escherichia coli k12, were ... | 2001 | 11139607 |
| identification of dna sequences that regulate the expression of the enterobacter cloacae uw4 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase gene. | analysis of the dna sequence upstream of the previously isolated enterobacter cloacae uw4 acc deaminase gene (shah et al. 1998) suggests that this segment contains several features that are thought to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of this gene. these features include half of a crp (camp receptor protein) binding site, an fnr (fumarate-nitrate reduction) regulatory protein binding site, an lrp (leucine responsive regulatory protein) binding site, and an lrp-like protein coding reg ... | 2000 | 11142408 |
| protocol for detection of biofilms on needleless connectors attached to central venous catheters. | central venous catheter needleless connectors (ncs) have been shown to develop microbial contamination. a protocol was developed for the collection, processing, and examination of ncs to detect and measure biofilms on these devices. sixty-three percent of 24 ncs collected from a bone marrow transplant center contained biofilms comprised primarily of coagulase-negative staphylococci. | 2001 | 11158143 |
| clinafloxacin versus piperacillin-tazobactam in treatment of patients with severe skin and soft tissue infections. | patients (n = 409) with severe skin and soft tissue infections (sstis) were randomized to receive clinafloxacin or piperacillin-tazobactam (plus optional vancomycin for methicillin-resistant cocci), administered intravenously, with the option to switch to oral medication. most patients had cellulitis, wound infections, or diabetic foot infections. staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common baseline pathogens. fewer baseline pathogens were resist ... | 2001 | 11158750 |
| antimicrobial properties and mode of action of the pyrrothine holomycin. | holomycin, a member of the pyrrothine class of antibiotics, displayed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, inhibiting a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with the exception of enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the antibiotic lacked activity against the eukaryotic microorganisms saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida kefyr. holomycin exhibited a bacteriostatic response against escherichia coli that was associated with rapid inhibition of rna ... | 2001 | 11158751 |
| antibiotic activity and characterization of bb-3497, a novel peptide deformylase inhibitor. | peptide deformylase (pdf) is an essential bacterial metalloenzyme which deformylates the n-formylmethionine of newly synthesized polypeptides and as such represents a novel target for antibacterial chemotherapy. to identify novel pdf inhibitors, we screened a metalloenzyme inhibitor library and identified an n-formyl-hydroxylamine derivative, bb-3497, and a related natural hydroxamic acid antibiotic, actinonin, as potent and selective inhibitors of pdf. to elucidate the interactions that contrib ... | 2001 | 11158755 |
| nucleotide sequence and characterization of a novel cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase (ctx-m-10) isolated in spain. | a cefotaxime-resistant, ceftazidime-susceptible escherichia coli isolate was obtained from a patient with sepsis in 1997, from which a beta-lactamase with a pi of 8.1 was cloned. cephaloridine and cefotaxime relative hydrolysis rates were 167 and 81, respectively (penicillin g rate = 100), whereas ceftazidime hydrolysis was not detected. the nucleotide sequence revealed a bla gene related to that coding for ctx-m-3. despite 21 nucleotide substitutions, only 2 determined amino acid changes (ala27 ... | 2001 | 11158766 |
| the in vitro activity of sulbactam combined with third generation cephalosporins against third generation cephalosporin-resistant bacteria. | the in vitro activity of the beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam combined with cefuroxime, cefotaxime or ceftazidime in the ratio of 1:1 was studied against ceftazidime- or cefuroxime-resistant gram-negative rods and staphylococcus aureus. sulbactam enhanced the antibacterial activities of cefuroxime, cefotaxime and ceftazidime against gram-negative rods. the mic(90) of ceftazidime against escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, acinetobacter spp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa ... | 2001 | 11165119 |
| isolation and identification of bacteria associated with adult laboratory mexican fruit flies, anastrepha ludens (diptera: tephritidae). | from the guts of new and old colonies (female and male) of mexican fruit flies, anastrepha ludens (diptera: tephritidae), we identified a total of 18 different bacterial species belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonadaceae, vibrionaceae, micrococcaceae, deinococcacea, bacillaceae, and the genus listeria. enterobacter, providencia, serratia, and staphylococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated genera, with citrobacter, streptococcus, aerococcus, and listeria found less freque ... | 2001 | 11178731 |
| extension of resistance to cefepime and cefpirome associated to a six amino acid deletion in the h-10 helix of the cephalosporinase of an enterobacter cloacae clinical isolate. | enterobacter cloacae che, a clinical strain with overproduced cephalosporinase was found to be highly resistant to the new cephalosporins, cefepime and cefpirome (mics> or =128 microg ml(-1)). the strain was isolated from a child previously treated with cefepime. the catalytic efficiency of the purified enzyme with the third-generation cephalosporins, cefepime and cefpirome, was 10 times higher than that with the e. cloacae p99 enzyme. this was mostly due to a decrease in k(m) for these beta-lac ... | 2001 | 11179650 |
| enterobacter cloacae leukotoxin: modulation of reactive oxidant species generated by neutrophils. | a leukotoxin purified from enterobacter cloacae culture by saline precipitation, gel chromatography and hplc was studied as a modulator of reactive oxidant species (ros) produced by human neutrophils. chemiluminescence showed that stimulation of ros was achieved at a low leukotoxin concentration, but ros production decreased when the toxin was applied at concentrations above 30 microg/ml. also, the addition of 100 microg toxin/ml significantly reduced the activating effect of phorbol myristate a ... | 2001 | 11180656 |
| in vitro and in vivo properties of ro 63-9141, a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. | ro 63-9141 is a new member of the pyrrolidinone-3-ylidenemethyl cephem series of cephalosporins. its antibacterial spectrum was evaluated against significant gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens in comparison with those of reference drugs, including cefotaxime, cefepime, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin. ro 63-9141 showed high antibacterial in vitro activity against gram-positive bacteria except ampicillin-resistant enterococci, particularly vancomycin-resistant strains of enterococcus faecium. ... | 2001 | 11181368 |
| phenotypic resistance of staphylococcus aureus, selected enterobacteriaceae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa after single and multiple in vitro exposures to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and trovafloxacin. | the phenotypic resistance of selected organisms to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and trovafloxacin was defined as a mic of > or =4 microg/ml. the dynamics of resistance were studied after single and sequential drug exposures: clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mssa and mrsa), escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa were utilized. after a single 48-h exposure of a large ... | 2001 | 11181375 |
| first isolation of a ctx-m-3-producing enterobacter cloacae in france. | | 2000 | 11184230 |
| isolation of an shv-12 beta-lactamase-producing escherichia coli strain from a dog with recurrent urinary tract infections. | | 2000 | 11185493 |
| a case of persistent enterobacter cloacae bacteremia. | | 2000 | 11192534 |
| antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolone photodegradation products determined by parallel-line bioassay and high performance liquid chromatography. | the fluoroquinolones produce multiple photodegradation products. little is known about these products, particularly whether any possess antimicrobial activity. to investigate this, we used the parallel-line bioassay to investigate discrepancies in zone of inhibition size in conjunction with high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis. a continuous flow photochemical reaction unit ('beam-boost') was used to partially photodegrade the fluoroquinolones ofloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxa ... | 2001 | 11222559 |
| analysis of the pmsceab gene cluster involved in biosynthesis of salicylic acid and the siderophore pseudomonine in the biocontrol strain pseudomonas fluorescens wcs374. | mutants of pseudomonas fluorescens wcs374 defective in biosynthesis of the fluorescent siderophore pseudobactin still display siderophore activity, indicating the production of a second siderophore. a recombinant cosmid clone (pmb374-07) of a wcs374 gene library harboring loci necessary for the biosynthesis of salicylic acid (sa) and this second siderophore pseudomonine was isolated. the salicylate biosynthesis region of wcs374 was localized in a 5-kb ecori fragment of pmb374-07. the sa and pseu ... | 2001 | 11222588 |
| analysis of bacterial community structure in sulfurous-oil-containing soils and detection of species carrying dibenzothiophene desulfurization (dsz) genes. | the selective effects of sulfur-containing hydrocarbons, with respect to changes in bacterial community structure and selection of desulfurizing organisms and genes, were studied in soil. samples taken from a polluted field soil (a) along a concentration gradient of sulfurous oil and from soil microcosms treated with dibenzothiophene (dbt)-containing petroleum (fsl soil) were analyzed. analyses included plate counts of total bacteria and of dbt utilizers, molecular community profiling via soil d ... | 2001 | 11229891 |
| chromate reduction by a pseudomonad isolated from a site contaminated with chromated copper arsenate. | a pseudomonad (crb5) isolated from a decommissioned wood preservation site reduced toxic chromate [cr(vi)] to an insoluble cr(iii) precipitate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. crb5 tolerated up to 520 mg of cr(vi) liter(-1) and reduced chromate in the presence of copper and arsenate. under anaerobic conditions it also reduced co(iii) and u(vi), partially internalizing each metal. metal precipitates were also found on the surface of the outer membrane and (sometimes) on a capsule. the resu ... | 2001 | 11229894 |
| national epidemiologic surveys of enterobacter aerogenes in belgian hospitals from 1996 to 1998. | two national surveys were conducted to describe the incidence and prevalence of enterobacter aerogenes in 21 belgian hospitals in 1996 and 1997 and to characterize the genotypic diversity and the antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinical strains of e. aerogenes isolated from hospitalized patients in belgium in 1997 and 1998. twenty-nine hospitals collected 10 isolates of e. aerogenes, which were typed by arbitrarily primed pcr (ap-pcr) using two primers and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. ... | 2001 | 11230400 |
| controlled clinical comparison of bactec plus anaerobic/f to standard anaerobic/f as the anaerobic companion bottle to plus aerobic/f medium for culturing blood from adults. | to determine the optimal anaerobic companion bottle to pair with bactec plus aerobic/f medium for recovery of pathogenic microorganisms from adult patients with bacteremia and fungemia, we compared plus anaerobic/f bottles with standard anaerobic/f bottles, each of which was filled with 4 to 6 ml of blood. the two bottles were paired with a plus aerobic/f bottle filled with 8 to 12 ml of blood. a total of 14,011 blood culture sets were obtained. of these, 11,583 sets were received with all three ... | 2001 | 11230415 |
| characterisation of hafnia alvei isolates from human clinical extra-intestinal specimens: haemagglutinins, serum resistance and siderophore synthesis. | extra-intestinal hafnia alvei isolates are rarely considered to be pathogenic. to investigate whether such strains are able to produce virulence factors, a total of 70 clinical h. alvei isolates was compared with clinical extra-intestinal isolates of other members of the enterobacterial tribe klebsiellae (kiebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens). whereas mannose-sensitive haemagglutination (msha) was less common in h. alvei (59%) than in k. pneumoniae (86%) and e. cloaca ... | 2001 | 11232764 |
| identification by 16s ribosomal rna gene sequencing of an enterobacteriaceae species with ambiguous biochemical profile from a renal transplant recipient. | traditional ways of identification of bacteria by phenotypic characteristics cannot be used for non-cultivable organisms and organisms with unusual biochemical profiles. in this study, an enterobacteriaceae was isolated in pure growth from the mid-stream urine of a 67-year old renal transplant recipient with urinary tract infection. conventional biochemical tests did not reveal a pattern resembling any known member of the enterobacteriaceae family. the vitek system (gni+) showed that it was 18% ... | 2001 | 11248520 |
| carbapenem-resistant serratia marcescens isolates producing bush group 2f beta-lactamase (sme-1) in the united states: results from the mystic programme. | two carbapenem (imipenem, meropenem)-resistant serratia marcescens strains were isolated in the united states (chicago, il) through the 1999 mystic (meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection) programme. the s. marcescens antimicrobial susceptible patterns were: susceptible to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime (mics, < or = 0.25 microg/ml), and resistance to the carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem; mic, > 32 microg/ml) and aztreonam (mic, > = 16 microg/ml). each s. marcesce ... | 2001 | 11248526 |
| novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, kpc-1, from a carbapenem-resistant strain of klebsiella pneumoniae. | a klebsiella pneumoniae isolate showing moderate to high-level imipenem and meropenem resistance was investigated. the mics of both drugs were 16 microg/ml. the beta-lactamase activity against imipenem and meropenem was inhibited in the presence of clavulanic acid. the strain was also resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. isoelectric focusing studies demonstrated three beta-lactamases, with pis of 7.2 (shv-29), 6.7 (kpc-1), and 5.4 (tem-1). the presence of bla(shv) and bla ... | 2001 | 11257029 |
| hypersusceptibility of the pseudomonas aeruginosa nfxb mutant to beta-lactams due to reduced expression of the ampc beta-lactamase. | the pseudomonas aeruginosa nfxb mutant lacking mexab-oprm showed hypersusceptibility to 9 out of 24 beta-lactams tested. this hypersusceptibility was found for the nfxb mutant lacking mexab-oprm-mexxy (n108) but not for the nfxb mutant lacking both mexab-oprm-mexxy and ampc. the level of the ampc beta-lactamase induction was reduced in n108. thus, the reduced ampc induction must be the cause of the hypersusceptibility. | 2001 | 11257048 |
| interaction of bladder glycoprotein gp51 with uropathogenic bacteria. | a major component of bladder surface mucin is a glycoprotein gp51 (molecular weight 51 kd.). gp51, which has previously been isolated from rabbit mucosa, appears to function as part of the defense mechanism in an in vivo infection model. gp51 coats the epithelium and is secreted into the urine, as detected by immunohistochemical testing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). increased urinary gp51 occurs during urinary tract infection. to elucidate the role of gp51 as a component of the ... | 2001 | 11257713 |
| identification of a non-haem catalase in salmonella and its regulation by rpos (sigmas). | we report the identification and functional analysis of katn, a gene encoding a non-haem catalase of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. katn, which is not present in escherichia coli, is located between the ycigfe and ycid e. coli homologues in the salmonella genome. its predicted protein product has a molecular weight of 31 826 da and is similar to the mn-catalases of lactobacillus plantarum and thermus spp. its product, katn, was visualized as a 37 kda protein in e. coli maxicells. a ka ... | 2001 | 11260470 |
| isolation and 16s rrna sequence analysis of the beneficial bacteria from the rhizosphere of rice. | the present study deals with the isolation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) from rice (variety niab irri-9) and the beneficial effects of these inoculants on two basmati rice varieties. nitrogen-fixing activity (acetylene-reduction activity) was detected in the roots and submerged shoots of field-grown rice variety niab irri-9. estimation of the population size of diazotrophic bacteria by ara-based mpn (acetylene reduction assay-based most probable number) in roots and shoots indic ... | 2001 | 11261489 |
| adhesion of type 1-fimbriated escherichia coli to abiotic surfaces leads to altered composition of outer membrane proteins. | phenotypic differences between planktonic bacteria and those attached to abiotic surfaces exist, but the mechanisms involved in the adhesion response of bacteria are not well understood. by the use of two-dimensional (2d) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we have demonstrated that attachment of escherichia coli to abiotic surfaces leads to alteration in the composition of outer membrane proteins. a major decrease in the abundance of resolved proteins was observed during adhesion of type 1-fimb ... | 2001 | 11274103 |
| endophytic colonization of rice by a diazotrophic strain of serratia marcescens. | six closely related n2-fixing bacterial strains were isolated from surface-sterilized roots and stems of four different rice varieties. the strains were identified as serratia marcescens by 16s rrna gene analysis. one strain, irbg500, chosen for further analysis showed acetylene reduction activity (ara) only when inoculated into media containing low levels of fixed nitrogen (yeast extract). diazotrophy of irbg500 was confirmed by measurement of 15n2 incorporation and by sequence analysis of the ... | 2001 | 11274124 |
| genotypic analysis of escherichia coli strains from poultry carcasses and their susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents. | plasmid profiling and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis were used to genotype 50 escherichia coli strains from poultry carcasses. thirty different plasmid profiles were evident, and clustering of the aflp data showed that they were a distinctly heterogeneous group of strains. susceptibility testing against five antimicrobial agents used in the south african poultry industry showed all strains to be susceptible to danofloxacin and colistin, while the majority (96%) were resis ... | 2001 | 11282652 |
| simultaneous detection of neisseria meningitidis, haemophilus influenzae, and streptococcus pneumoniae in suspected cases of meningitis and septicemia using real-time pcr. | a single-tube 5' nuclease multiplex pcr assay was developed on the abi 7700 sequence detection system (taqman) for the detection of neisseria meningitidis, haemophilus influenzae, and streptococcus pneumoniae from clinical samples of cerebrospinal fluid (csf), plasma, serum, and whole blood. capsular transport (ctra), capsulation (bexa), and pneumolysin (ply) gene targets specific for n. meningitidis, h. influenzae, and s. pneumoniae, respectively, were selected. using sequence-specific fluoresc ... | 2001 | 11283086 |
| mechanism of reaction of acyl phosph(on)ates with the beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99. | a series of acyl phosph(on)ates has been prepared to more closely examine the details of the interactions of this class of molecule with beta-lactamases. in general, they were found to react with the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 in two ways, by acylation and by phosphylation. the acyl-enzymes generated by the former reaction were transiently stable with half-lives of between 3 and 45 s, of comparable lifetime therefore to those generated by the inhibitory beta-lactams cefot ... | 2001 | 11294628 |
| the relative catalytic efficiency of beta-lactamase catalyzed acyl and phosphyl transfer. | phosphonamidates which bear a simple resemblance to penicillin type structures have been synthesised as potential inhibitors of beta-lactamases: -ethyl n-(benzyloxycarbonyl) amidomethyl phosphonyl amides, phch(2)oconhch(2)p(o)(oet)nr(2), the amines hnr(2) being l-proline, d-proline, l-thiazolidine, and o-anthranilic acid. the proline derivatives completely and irreversibly inactivated the class c beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae p99, in a time-dependent manner, indicative of covalent inh ... | 2001 | 11300697 |
| isolation and characterization of the enterobacter cloacae cher mutant defective in phosphate taxis. | a chemotaxis-defective mutant of enterobacter cloacae ifo3320, designated ec1, was isolated after n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (ntg) mutagenesis. computer-assisted capillary assays showed that ec1 failed to show chemotactic responses to peptone and inorganic phosphate (pi). cloning and sequence analysis showed that ec1 is a cher mutant, suggesting that pi taxis by e. cloacae is dependent on a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein(s) (mcp). ec1 was further mutagenized with ntg to construct ... | 2001 | 11302189 |
| plasmid-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase (imp-6) conferring resistance to carbapenems, especially meropenem. | in 1996, serratia marcescens ku3838 was isolated from the urine of a patient with a urinary tract infection at a hospital in northern japan and was found to contain the plasmid pku501. previously, we determined that pku501 carries bla(imp) and the genes for tem-1-type beta-lactamases as well as producing both types of beta-lactamases (h. yano, a. kuga, k. irinoda, r. okamoto, t. kobayashi, and m. inoue, j. antibiot. 52:1135-1139, 1999). pku502 is a recombinant plasmid that contains a 1.5-kb dna ... | 2001 | 11302793 |
| prolonged antimicrobial activity of a catheter containing chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine extends protection against catheter infections in vivo. | the present study evaluated in vitro and in vivo a new chlorhexidine (c)-silver sulfadiazine (s) vascular catheter (the cs2 catheter) characterized by a higher c content and by the extended release of the surface-bound antimicrobials. the cs2 catheter was compared with a first-generation, commercially available cs catheter (the cs1 catheter). the cs2 catheter produced slightly smaller zones of inhibition (mean difference, 0.9 mm [p < 0.001]) at 24 h against staphylococcus aureus and five other m ... | 2001 | 11302823 |
| [enterobacter cloacae epidemic on a neonatal intensive care unit due to the use of contaminated thermometers]. | from december 1999 to march 2000 a nosocomial outbreak of multiresistant enterobacter cloacae occurred in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) at the vu medical center, amsterdam, the netherlands. twenty-six patients were infected or colonized with this strain resistant to third generation cephalosporins and with decreased sensitivity for aminoglycosides. three neonates experienced sepsis with e. cloacae with serious clinical symptoms and two of them died. comparison of the enterobacter isola ... | 2001 | 11305216 |
| variability and interactions between endophytic bacteria and fungi isolated from leaf tissues of citrus rootstocks. | fungi and bacteria were isolated from surface disinfected leaf tissues of several citrus rootstocks. the principal bacterial species isolated were alcaligenes sp., bacillus spp. (including b. cereus, b. lentus, b. megaterium, b. pumilus, and b. subtilis), burkholderia cepacia, curtobacterium flaccumfaciens, enterobacter cloacae, methylobacterium extorquens, and pantoea agglomerans, with p. agglomerans and b. pumilus being the most frequently isolated species. the most abundant fungal species wer ... | 2001 | 11315114 |
| probiotic activities of lactobacillus casei rhamnosus: in vitro adherence to intestinal cells and antimicrobial properties. | the interest of probiotics as remedies for a broad number of gastrointestinal and other infectious diseases has gained wide interest over the last few years, but little is known about their underlying mechanism of action. in this study, the probiotic activities of a human isolate of lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus strain (lcr35) were investigated. using intestinal caco-2 cell line in an in vitro model, we demonstrated that this strain exhibited adhesive properties. the inhibitory effects of ... | 2001 | 11316370 |
| evaluation of an automated culture system for detecting bacterial contamination of platelets: an analysis with 15 contaminating organisms. | approximately 1 in 2000 platelet components are bacterially contaminated. the time to detection of 15 seeded organisms in platelets recovered from an automated culture system was studied. | 2001 | 11316897 |
| h(2)o(2) produced by viridans group streptococci may contribute to inhibition of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus colonization of oral cavities in newborns. | in an accompanying report, we showed that viridans group streptococci may prevent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) colonization of the oral cavities of newborns. in the present study, we investigated the mechanism of prevention in vitro. most viridans group streptococci had bacteriocin-like activity and killed mrsa, burkholderia cepacia, enterobacter aerogenes, and pseudomonas aeruginosa; however, escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, and candida albicans were resistant. the ... | 2001 | 11317240 |
| [activity of cefepime compared with other antibiotics against major hospital bacterial pathogens]. | the aim of the study was to evaluate susceptibility of 976 bacterial isolates from nosocomial infections to cefepime and 9 other antibiotics used in the treatment of hospitalised patients. bacterial strains were mainly derived from wound and soft tissue infections, sputum, abscesses and blood. the most prevalent etiologic agents were: pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.7%), escherichia coli (13.8%), staphyloccocus aureus (9.7%, acinetobacter baumannii (9.12%), klebsiella pneumoniae (7.38%), enterobacter ... | 2001 | 11320582 |
| asparagine 23 and aspartate 305 are essential residues in the active site of udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase from enterobacter cloacae. | udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (mura) catalyzes the transfer of the intact enolpyruvyl moiety of phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) to the 3'-hydroxyl group of udp-n-acetylglucosamine (udpnag). this reaction constitutes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall component peptidoglycan (murein). the transfer reaction involves the nucleophilic attack of the 3'-hydroxyl group of udpnag at the c-2 of pep. the three-dimensional structure of mura complexed with ud ... | 2001 | 11327813 |
| enterobacter sakazakii infection in the newborn. | enterobacter sakazakii, a gram-negative bacillus, previously known as "yellow pigmented enterobacter cloacae", is a rare cause of neonatal infection. we describe the detailed clinical presentation of two cases in whom e. sakazakii was isolated in our neonatal service during the course of 1 mo. these include one case of sepsis and meningitis complicated by cerebral infarction, and one case of sepsis. in addition, three cases of intestinal colonization were identified. the source of the organism w ... | 2001 | 11332182 |
| antibiotic selective pressure and development of bacterial resistance. | this study evaluates the development of resistance in gram-negative rods to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and amikacin, meropenem and ampicillin/sulbactam over a five year period of use (1994-1998) at the university hospital in olomouc, czech republic. the development of bacterial resistance was linked with antibiotic use and hence selective pressure which was specific for the type of antibiotic and the bacterial species. statistically significant correlatio ... | 2001 | 11337221 |
| in vitro activities of ertapenem (mk-0826) against recent clinical bacteria collected in europe and australia. | ertapenem (mk-0826, l-749,345) is a 1-beta-methyl carbapenem with a long serum half-life. its in vitro activity was determined by broth microdilution against 3,478 bacteria from 12 centers in europe and australia, with imipenem, cefepime, ceftriaxone, and piperacillin-tazobactam used as comparators. ertapenem was the most active agent tested against members of the family enterobacteriaceae, with mics at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (mic(90)s) of < or =1 microg/ml for all species. ertapene ... | 2001 | 11353638 |
| centa as a chromogenic substrate for studying beta-lactamases. | centa, a chromogenic cephalosporin, is readily hydrolyzed by beta-lactamases of all classes except for the aeromonas hydrophila metalloenzyme. although it cannot practically be used for the detection of beta-lactamase-producing strains on agar plates, it should be quite useful for kinetic studies and the detection of the enzymes in crude extracts and chromatographic fractions. | 2001 | 11353639 |
| in vitro activities of three nonfluorinated quinolones against representative bacterial isolates. | in vitro susceptibility tests were performed to document the inhibitory activities of three nonfluorinated quinolone (nfq) compounds (pge 9262932, pge 9509924, and pge 4175997) compared to those of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and trovafloxacin against 3,030 bacterial isolates. the spectra of the nfq agents included most gram-positive species as well as quinolone-susceptible enterobacteriaceae. ciprofloxacin-resistant, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains were inhibited by the nfq ... | 2001 | 11353655 |
| transcriptional regulation of the enterobacter cloacae uw4 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase gene (acds). | based on dna sequence analysis and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase activity, the region of dna immediately upstream of the enterobacter cloacae uw4 acc deaminase gene (acds) contains several features that appear to be involved in its transcriptional regulation. in the present study, the 5' upstream region of acds was cloned into the promoter-probe vector, pqf70, which carries the promoterless luciferase gene (luxab), and luciferase expression was monitored. the data obtained fr ... | 2001 | 11358176 |
| levels of acc and related compounds in exudate and extracts of canola seeds treated with acc deaminase-containing plant growth-promoting bacteria. | it was previously proposed that plant growth-promoting bacteria that possess 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) deaminase could utilize acc that is present in the exudate of germinating canola seeds. the uptake and cleavage of acc by these bacteria would lower the level of acc, and thus ethylene within the plant, and reduce the extent of its inhibition on root elongation. to test part of the above mentioned model, acc levels were monitored in canola seed tissues and exudate during germi ... | 2001 | 11358177 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationships in two-electron reduction of nitroaromatic compounds by enterobacter cloacae nad(p)h:nitroreductase. | enterobacter cloacae nad(p)h:nitroreductase (nr; ec 1.6.99.7) catalyzes the reduction of a series of nitroaromatic compounds with steady-state bimolecular rate constants (kcat/km) ranging from 10(4) to 10(7) m(-1) s(-1). in agreement with a previously proposed scheme of two-step four-electron reduction of nitroaromatics by nr (koder, r. l., and miller, a.-f. (1998) biochim. biophys. acta 1387, 395-405), 2 mol nadh per mole mononitrocompound were oxidized. an oxidation of excess nadh by polinitro ... | 2001 | 11361014 |
| inhibition of class c beta-lactamases: structure of a reaction intermediate with a cephem sulfone. | the crystallographic structure of the enterobacter cloacae gc1 extended-spectrum class c beta-lactamase, inhibited by a new 7-alkylidenecephalosporin sulfone, has been determined by x-ray diffraction at 100 k to a resolution of 1.6 a. the crystal structure was solved by molecular replacement using the unliganded structure [crichlow et al. (1999) biochemistry 38, 10256-10261] and refined to a crystallographic r-factor equal to 0.183 (r(free) 0.208). cryoquenching of the reaction of the sulfone wi ... | 2001 | 11371184 |
| plasmid-encoded phthalate catabolic pathway in arthrobacter keyseri 12b. | several 2-substituted benzoates (including 2-trifluoromethyl-, 2-chloro-, 2-bromo-, 2-iodo-, 2-nitro-, 2-methoxy-, and 2-acetyl-benzoates) were converted by phthalate-grown arthrobacter keyseri (formerly micrococcus sp.) 12b to the corresponding 2-substituted 3,4-dihydroxybenzoates (protocatechuates). because these products lack a carboxyl group at the 2 position, they were not substrates for the next enzyme of the phthalate catabolic pathway, 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate 2-decarboxylase, and accumula ... | 2001 | 11371533 |
| hydrolysis of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens) and their aerobic transformation into phenol by the resistant enterobacter cloacae strain em. | enterobacter cloacae strain em was isolated from a commercial dietary mineral supplement stabilized by a mixture of methylparaben and propylparaben. it harbored a high-molecular-weight plasmid and was resistant to high concentrations of parabens. strain em was able to grow in liquid media containing similar amounts of parabens as found in the mineral supplement (1,700 and 180 mg of methyl and propylparaben, respectively, per liter or 11.2 and 1.0 mm) and in very high concentrations of methylpara ... | 2001 | 11375144 |
| complete denitration of nitroglycerin by bacteria isolated from a washwater soakaway. | four axenic bacterial species capable of biodegrading nitroglycerin (glycerol trinitrate [gtn]) were isolated from soil samples taken from a washwater soakaway at a disused gtn manufacturing plant. the isolates were identified by 16s rrna gene sequence homology as pseudomonas putida, an arthrobacter species, a klebsiella species, and a rhodococcus species. each of the isolates utilized gtn as its sole nitrogen source and removed nitro groups sequentially from gtn to produce glycerol dinitrates a ... | 2001 | 11375172 |
| burkholderia, a genus rich in plant-associated nitrogen fixers with wide environmental and geographic distribution. | the genus burkholderia comprises 19 species, including burkholderia vietnamiensis which is the only known n(2)-fixing species of this bacterial genus. the first isolates of b. vietnamiensis were recovered from the rhizosphere of rice plants grown in a phytotron, but its existence in natural environments and its geographic distribution were not reported. in the present study, most n(2)-fixing isolates recovered from the environment of field-grown maize and coffee plants cultivated in widely separ ... | 2001 | 11375196 |
| three days of incubation may be sufficient for routine blood cultures with bact/alert fan blood culture bottles. | bact/alert fan blood culture bottles have been shown to enhance the recovery of bacteria and yeast from blood compared with standard bact/alert bottles. it is well established that standard bact/alert blood culture bottles require no more than 5 days of incubation for the detection of routine bacteria and yeast. it is less clear, however, whether fan bottles also routinely require 5 days of incubation. to address this question, we recently reviewed the results of 17,887 blood culture sets collec ... | 2001 | 11376038 |
| controlled comparison of original vented aerobic fan medium with new nonvented bact/alert fa medium for culturing blood. | to evaluate the performance of bact/alert fa (fa) medium, a new aerobic bact/alert fan (fan) medium (organon teknika corporation, durham, n.c.) that does not require the added cost and inconvenience of a venting unit, we inoculated blood specimens from adult patients with suspected sepsis into an original fan aerobic culture bottle and an fa bottle. of 7,745 blood culture sets containing both bottles, 5,256 (68%) met the criteria for adequacy of filling. a total of 466 isolates judged to represe ... | 2001 | 11376041 |
| biofilm formation by gram-negative bacteria on central venous catheter connectors: effect of conditioning films in a laboratory model. | human blood components have been shown to enhance biofilm formation by gram-positive bacteria. we investigated the effect of human blood on biofilm formation on the inner lumen of needleless central venous catheter connectors by several gram-negative bacteria, specifically enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and pantoea agglomerans. results suggest that a conditioning film of blood components promotes biofilm formation by these organisms in an in vitro system. | 2001 | 11376074 |
| reduction in colonization and nosocomial infection by multiresistant bacteria in a neonatal unit after institution of educational measures and restriction in the use of cephalosporins. | previous administration of third-generation cephalosporins predisposes to colonization and infections by multiresistant enterobacter sp. the emergence of multiresistant bacteria infections in a neonatal unit during 1995, especially enterobacter cloacae, stimulated this study. | 2001 | 11391273 |
| expression of the acc deaminase gene fromenterobacter cloacae uw4 in azospirillum brasilense. | the acc deaminase structural gene (acds) from enterobacter cloacae uw4 was cloned in the broad host range plasmid prk415 under the control of the lac promoter and transferred into azospirillum brasilense cd and sp245. a. brasilensecd and sp245 transformants showed high acc deaminase activity, similar to that observed in enterobacter cloacae uw4. the expression of acc deaminase improved the existing growth promoting activity of azospirillum. the roots of tomato and canola seedlings were significa ... | 2001 | 11391466 |
| [antimicrobial resistance of coliform isolates from expressed human milk]. | the dispersion of potentially pathogenic, antibiotic-resistant microorganisms via expressed human milk can be considered a risk factor. the aim of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of coliform isolates from expressed human milk and their antimicrobial resistance profiles. the sampling scheme followed a totally randomized design, using 837 samples of expressed human milk. of these, 71 (8.48%) were identified as contaminated with total coliforms, although in none of the sample ... | 2001 | 11395808 |
| [isolation and characterization of injured coliforms from the drinking water distribution network of la plata, argentina]. | we screened the la plata drinking water distribution network for fecal and total coliform bacterial indicator by purification procedures, cultivating 66 membrane-filtered samples from the two networks on m-t7 agar. subterranean and river-derived water yielded 13 and 18 confirmed gram-negative bacillus isolates, with 54% and 72% representing total coliforms, respectively. those from the former source were klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter agglomerans, and enterobacter aerogenes and from the latter ... | 2001 | 11407022 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals high intrinsic resistance to penem antibiotics: penem resistance mechanisms and their interplay. | pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibits high intrinsic resistance to penem antibiotics such as faropenem, ritipenem, ama3176, sulopenem, sch29482, and sch34343. to investigate the mechanisms contributing to penem resistance, we used the laboratory strain pao1 to construct a series of isogenic mutants with an impaired multidrug efflux system mexab-oprm and/or impaired chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase. the outer membrane barrier of pao1 was partially eliminated by inducing the expression of the plasmid-enc ... | 2001 | 11408209 |
| molecular characterization of a novel plasmid-encoded cefotaximase (ctx-m-12) found in clinical klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from kenya. | nine klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, six from blood and three from cerebrospinal fluid of newborn babies at kenyatta national hospital, nairobi, kenya, were analyzed for the mechanism of cephalosporin resistance. by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of xbai-digested chromosomal dna, all the nine isolates were found to be clonal. pcr and direct sequencing revealed a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, which we designated ctx-m-12. it has a more potent hydrolytic activity against cefotaxi ... | 2001 | 11408239 |
| nosocomial necrotising enterocolitis outbreaks: epidemiology and control measures. | necrotising enterocolitis (nec) is one of the most serious gastrointestinal diseases among newborns and it mainly affects those in intensive care units. the aetiology of the disease has been reported to be multifactorial and both sporadic cases and nosocomial outbreaks have occurred. in this report, we review 17 epidemics of nec reported in the literature between 1973 and 1999. the number of confirmed cases ranged from 1 to 32 with an average of 10.5 confirmed cases. on average, 16.15% of cases ... | 2001 | 11421422 |
| standardized method of measuring acanthamoeba antibodies in sera from healthy human subjects. | acanthamoeba species can cause serious, debilitating, and sometimes life-threatening infections. three groups have been identified using morphological and immunological comparisons. previous serological studies have utilized a variety of antigen preparations and assay methods and reported disparate (3 to 100%) results. this study was designed to (i) optimize an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting serum antibodies to each of the acanthamoeba serogroups and (ii) test 55 healthy individ ... | 2001 | 11427418 |
| identification and strain differentiation of vibrio cholerae by using polyclonal antibodies against outer membrane proteins. | cholera is caused only by o1 and o139 vibrio cholerae strains. for diagnosis, 3 working days are needed for bacterial isolation from human feces and for biochemical characterization. here we describe the purification of bacterial outer membrane proteins (omp) from v. cholerae o1 ogawa, o1 inaba, and o139 strains, as well as the production of specific antisera and their use for fecal vibrio antigen detection. anti-omp antisera showed very high reactivity and specificity by enzyme-linked immunosor ... | 2001 | 11427424 |
| potential impact of the vitek 2 system and the advanced expert system on the clinical laboratory of a university-based hospital. | a study was designed to assess the impact of the vitek 2 automated system and the advanced expert system (aes) on the clinical laboratory of a typical university-based hospital. a total of 259 consecutive, nonduplicate isolates of enterobacteriaceae members, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus were collected and tested by the vitek 2 system for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and the results were analyzed by the aes. the results were also analyzed by a huma ... | 2001 | 11427542 |
| development of a pcr assay for identification of staphylococci at genus and species levels. | we have developed a pcr-based assay which allows the detection of staphylococci at the genus level by targeting the tuf gene, which encodes the elongation factor tu. degenerate pcr primers derived from consensus regions of several tuf genes were used to amplify a target region of 884 bp from 11 representative staphylococcal species. subsequently, the entire nucleotide sequence of these amplicons was determined. the analysis of a multiple alignment of these sequences revealed regions conserved am ... | 2001 | 11427566 |