| relative morphological effects induced by cefoxitin and other beta-lactam antibiotics in vitro. | cefoxitin, a new semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic, induced filament formation at subinhibitory concentrations with a beta-lactamaseless strain of enterobacter cloacae (hsc 18410 m66). the extent of filament induction by cefoxitin was similar to that seen with cephalothin, cefazolin, and benzylpenicillin. filament induction by cefoxitin was markedly less than that seen with cephalexin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, cephradine, and cephapirin. antibiotics which failed to induce filaments at any l ... | 1976 | 1267431 |
| nationwide epidemic of septicemia caused by contaminated intravenous products. i. epidemiologic and clinical features. | between mid-1970 and april 1, 1971, enterobacter cloacae or e. agglomerans septicemia developed in 378 patients in 25 american hospitals while they were receiving intravenous products manufactured by one company. each of the hospitals noted a marked increase in the incidence of such septicemia during this period. enterobacter agglomerans (formerly designated erwinia, herbicola-lathyri group) was better known as a plant pathogen and had been a human blood pathogen only rarely in the past. septice ... | 1976 | 1274981 |
| endocarditis due to accidental penetrating foreign bodies. | a 15 year old boy had an eight month history of recurrent fever, malaise and poor appetite. chest roentgenogram revealed a foreign object overlying the right ventricle. multiple blood cultures grew enterobacter cloacae. the patients condition improved and blood cultures became negative following gentamicin and carbenicillin therapy. e. cloacae was isolated from the foreign body (a finishing nail) at surgery. antimicrobial therapy was continued for a total of 30 days, and the patient made an unev ... | 1976 | 1274992 |
| beta-lactamase expression and cross-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in a nosocomial population of enterobacter. | this study sought to quantitatively describe the spectrum of constitutive and inducible beta-lactamase activity present in a tertiary care center's population of enterobacter species. beta-lactamase activity in the absence and presence of 2 recognized beta-lactamase-inducing antibiotics, cefoxitin and imipenem, was measured. the enterobacter cloacae (n = 35) population was strikingly bimodal, expressing 'all-or-none' cross-resistance to beta-lactams (except imipenem) corresponding to the baselin ... | 1992 | 1286572 |
| exposure effects of netilmicin on enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates. | the effects of netilmicin exposure on two aminoglycoside (amg)-resistant and two amg-susceptible enterobacter cloacae isolates were studied. it was found that 1 h incubation of bacterial suspensions with netilmicin at 16 mg/l reduces the amounts of lipopolysaccharides present on the bacterial surface. also, netilmicin pretreatment increased both the susceptibility to normal human serum and the adhesion to human epithelial cells of all four e. cloacae strains examined. | 1992 | 1288965 |
| detection of ciprofloxacin resistance in gram-negative bacteria due to alterations in gyra. | two plasmids containing the cloned escherichia coli wild-type gyra gene were used to transform ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative clinical isolates to screen for dna gyrase a-mediated quinolone resistance. the results show that the technique is simple and applicable to a wide range of gram-negative species including e. coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella aerogenes, morganella morganii, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, campylobacter jejuni and neisseria gonorrhoeae. the use of an ... | 1992 | 1310671 |
| detergent-shock response in enteric bacteria. | our work on bacterial detergent resistance started with the realization that bacteria growing in a sink full of soap must be resistant to the detergents in that soap. we chose sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds) as a model detergent and decided to see how much sds the bacterium growing in the sink could tolerate. the research program thus initiated has shown that bacteria such as enterobacter cloacae can grow in up to 25% sds and that sds-shock proteins constitute c. 8% of the proteins synthesized by ... | 1992 | 1316532 |
| plasmid profiles of acinetobacter and enterobacter species of hospital origin: restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid dna and transformation of escherichia coli by r plasmids. | a total of 37 multi-resistant strains (20 acinetobacter calcoaceticus and 17 enterobacter cloacae) were isolated from patients of the intensive care units. all the isolates were examined for resistance to a battery of antimicrobial agents by the disk diffusion method. plasmid profiles and restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid dna by ecor1 revealed the spread of one a. calcoaceticus and two e. cloacae endemic strains. transformation experiments on escherichia coli competent cells by three ... | 1992 | 1321240 |
| diversity of aminoglycoside resistance in enterobacter cloacae in greece. | ninety enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from 12 greek hospitals were examined in terms of epidemiological types and resistance mechanisms. using o serotyping 69% of the strains were assigned to a specific serotype and overall 16 different serotypes were identified. the combination of serotyping, phagetyping and biotyping efficiently discriminated most of the strains, indicating that single epidemic strains were not prevalent, although serotypes 3, 7, and group ii predominated. eight represe ... | 1992 | 1327784 |
| comparative in vitro activity of sparfloxacin (at 4140, rp 64206--spfx) against 275 multiresistant clinical isolates. | the in-vitro activity of sparfloxacin was compared with that of pefloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, ceftazidime, gentamicin and amikacin against 275 multiresistant nosocomial clinical isolates. they consisted of pseudomonas aeruginosa (37), enterobacter cloacae (42), acinetobacter anitratus (60), klebsiella pneumoniae (37) and staphylococcus sp (99). minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic90) and geometric mean mics for sparfloxacin were as follows (mg/l): p. aeruginosa 128-23.7, e. c ... | 1992 | 1328554 |
| epidemiological survey of genes encoding aminoglycoside phosphotransferases aph (3') i and aph (3') ii using dna probes. | the epidemiological survey of aph (3') i and aph (3') ii genes, at a time when the specific antibiotic pressure was very low, was carried out by dna-dna hybridization. the sample included 334 aminoglycoside resistant gram-negative bacteria collected from patients of a general hospital. of these, 251 hybridized with the aph (3') i-probe and 19 with the aph (3') ii-probe but only 190 strains showed high resistance levels (cim greater than 64 micrograms/ml) for kanamycin, neomycin and paromomycin. ... | 1992 | 1328557 |
| diffusion of beta-lactam antibiotics into proteoliposomes reconstituted with outer membranes of isogenic imipenem-susceptible and -resistant strains of enterobacter cloacae. | the influence of outer membrane (om) permeability on carbapenem susceptibility was studied in strains of enterobacter cloacae, a species in which carbapenem resistance depends upon the conjunction of overproduction of the chromosomal cephalosporinase and reduction of om permeability. relative trans-om diffusion rates were measured using the liposome swelling assay. proteoliposomes were reconstituted with om from the members of an isogenic set of e. cloacae strains, selected in vivo or in vitro, ... | 1992 | 1336033 |
| in vitro antibacterial activities of ticarcillin alone and ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid against beta-lactamase producing and non-producing microorganisms. | a total of 818 clinical bacterial isolates were tested for the production of beta-lactamase by rapid chromogenic cephalosporin method and for the susceptibility to ticarcillin alone and in combination with clavulanic acid (2 micrograms/ml) by agar dilution method. these included 83 strains of methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa), 31 of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), 49 of neisseria gonorrhoeae, 58 of haemophilus influenzae, 112 of escherichia coli, 118 of klebsiella pneumo ... | 1992 | 1342000 |
| effects of azadirachtin on rhodnius prolixus: immunity and trypanosoma interaction. | the effects of azadirachtin, a tetranortriterpenoid from the neem tree azadirachta indica j., on both immunity and trypanosoma cruzi interaction within rhodnius prolixus and other triatomines, were presented. given through a blood meal, azadirachtin affected the immune reactivity as shown by a significant reduction in numbers of hemocytes and consequently nodule formation following challenge with enterobacter cloacae beta 12, reduction in ability to produce antibacterial activities in the hemoly ... | 1992 | 1342719 |
| retrospective 6-year study of enterobacter bacteraemia in a danish university hospital. | in order to study the epidemiology of invasive enterobacter infections, data from 53 consecutive cases of bacteraemia due to this organism were compared with data from 72 randomly selected cases of escherichia coli bacteraemia. the cases occurred among patients admitted to a danish university hospital over a 6-year period. forty-eight cases were due to enterobacter cloacae and five were due to ent. aerogenes. enterobacter bacteraemia was more often of nosocomial origin than e. coli bacteraemia a ... | 1992 | 1348068 |
| sepsis associated with transhepatic cholangiography. | a retrospective study was carried out of 74 elderly patients with obstructive jaundice undergoing percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (ptc) and/or percutaneous biliary drainage (pbd) in order to assess the effect of prophylactic antibiotics on the incidence of fever and sepsis complicating these procedures. seventeen patients underwent ptc alone, while 57 had both ptc and pbd. fifty-three patients had either primary or metastatic malignancy. in the other patients with benign disease, chole ... | 1992 | 1348071 |
| epidemiological role of arthropods detectable in health facilities. | a total of 161 arthropod specimens were collected from 55 sites in a health care facility during july and september 1990. of the 116 bacterial isolates obtained from their body surfaces 6% were from parasites (mosquitoes), 59% from eusynanthropic arthropods (tenebrionid beetles, flies, german cockroaches, wasps), 16% from hemisynanthropic arthropods (ants, spiders) and 19% from occasionally encountered insects (non-biting midges, moths, beetles). most (88%) of the isolated bacteria were gram-neg ... | 1992 | 1350604 |
| handwashing and disinfection of heavily contaminated hands--effective or ineffective? | hands are among the principal vehicles for transfer of nosocomial pathogens in hospitals. often, outbreaks of infection are thought to be caused by a lack of compliance with handwashing guidelines, rather than due to the inadequacy of the handwashing agents used. in this study the effectiveness of proper handwashing and the use of three different hand disinfectants: ethanol 70% (e), isopropanol 40% (i) and alcoholic chlorhexidine (70%) (ac) was compared using three volunteers whose fingertips we ... | 1992 | 1351497 |
| molecular analysis provides evidence for the endogenous origin of bacteremia and meningitis due to enterobacter cloacae in an infant. | we analyzed the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of total dna and of ribosomal dna regions (ribotyping) to document the occurrence of endogenous, systemic bacteremia and meningitis due to enterobacter cloacae in a newborn. five strains of e. cloacae were isolated from this newborn. three of these strains were recovered from stool at counts of 10(8), 10(9), and 10(9) organisms/g of feces, respectively; one strain was isolated from blood; and one strain was isolated from cerebrospin ... | 1992 | 1352150 |
| rapid genotyping shows the absence of cross-contamination in enterobacter cloacae nosocomial infections. | restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (rflp) of total dna and rdna regions was used for the epidemiological evaluation of 10 enterobacter cloacae nosocomial isolates obtained from nine patients in our hospital. five of these patients were hospitalized during overlapping periods, thus raising the question of cross-contamination. a single biochemical pattern and antibiotic susceptibility profile was observed for all isolates but one. in contrast, based on the results of total dna and r ... | 1992 | 1353097 |
| characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-ic gene from serratia marcescens. | the dna sequence of the chromosomal aac(6')-ic gene from serratia marcescens, which had been previously cloned (h. m. champion, p. m. bennett, d. a. lewis, and d. s. reeves, j. antimicrob. chemother. 22:587-596, 1988) was determined. high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of extracts prepared from escherichia coli carrying the chromosomal aac(6')-ic gene on a plasmid confirmed the presence of 6'-n-acetyltransferase activity in this strain, which was suggested by the aminoglycoside resista ... | 1992 | 1354954 |
| [panophthalmitis as a nosocomial infection]. | the submitted paper deals with an epidemic of severe postoperative panophthalmitis, its development, course, causes and sequelae incl. epidemiological characteristics. the disease developed in four patients 40 hours after operation of cataract. despite treatment all four patients developed septicaemia and therefore the affected eyeballs were eviscerated. from smears of the conjunctival sac of the affected patients and from the contents of the eviscerated eyeball proteus mirabilis and enterobacte ... | 1991 | 1364655 |
| a method for removal of toxic chromium using dialysis-sac cultures of a chromate-reducing strain of enterobacter cloacae. | a method for removal of toxic hexavalent chromium (chromate: cro2-4) was developed by use of dialysis-sac cultures of a chromate-reducing strain of enterobacter cloacae (ho1). e. cloacae strain ho1 cells were put in dialysis (semipermeable membrane) sacs, and the sacs were submerged in water containing toxic cro2-4. the dialysis sacs allowed cro2-4 to diffuse into the culture, and cro2-4 was reduced anaerobically in the dialysis sacs by the e. cloacae cells. because reduced chromium readily form ... | 1990 | 1366562 |
| coupled reductive and oxidative degradation of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol by a co-immobilized mixed culture system. | the restriction of oxygen transfer in ca-alginate beads used for the immobilization of microbial cells was applied to a coupled reductive and oxidative microbial degradation of the xenobiotic 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol (cnp). the conversion of cnp by enterobacter cloacae under anaerobic conditions led to the formation of 4-chloro-2-aminophenol (cap, 81%) and 4-chloro-2-acetaminophenol (caap, 16%) after 50 h incubation. cap, the main reduction product, was further degraded under aerobic conditions by ... | 1990 | 1366971 |
| occurrence of aminoglycoside phosphotransferase subclass i and ii structural genes among enterobacteriaceae spp. isolated from meat samples. | 3'-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase [aph(3')] enzymes are a group responsible for resistance to the antibiotics kanamycin (km) and neomycin (nm) in bacteria. escherichia coli ect24, originally isolated from a meat sample, harboured an 83-kb conjugative r-plasmid (prpj24) that carries transferable resistance to km and nm. plasmid prpj24 was transferred by conjugation to enterobacter cloacae 94r, which was used as the source of plasmid dna in development of a probe for the km-resistance determina ... | 1990 | 1369284 |
| amino acid substitutions in naturally occurring variants of ail result in altered invasion activity. | yersinia enterocolitica is the causative agent of a variety of gastrointestinal syndromes ranging from acute enteritis to mesenteric lymphadenitis. in addition, systemic infections resulting in high mortality rates can occur in elderly and immunocompromised patients. more than 50 serotypes of y. enterocolitica have been identified, but only a few of them commonly cause disease in otherwise healthy hosts. those serotypes that cause disease have been divided into two groups, american and non-ameri ... | 1992 | 1370953 |
| application and assessment of cloacin typing of enterobacter cloacae. | three methods, o-serotyping, phage typing and susceptibility to bacteriocins, were used to type 357 clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae cultured from 219 patients. one hundred and sixty isolates were typed by serology and phage typing. when these two methods were used, primary classification of isolates was based on serology (65.7% typable) and phage typing for further subdivision (94.1% typable). when all the isolates were typed by cloacin susceptibility, 81.5% of them were typable. maxim ... | 1992 | 1373422 |
| sheen formation and growth response of groundwater bacteria to reduced oxygen concentrations during incubation of m-endo medium. | in vitro pure-culture studies were conducted to assess growth and sheen formation of groundwater bacteria on m-endo medium incubated under reduced oxygen concentrations (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16%). coliform and noncoliform bacteria were isolated from 17 untreated, rural groundwater supplies on m-endo medium. all 16 coliform isolates tested were capable of sheen formation at oxygen concentrations of 4% or greater, yet some of these same isolates (enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, and hafni ... | 1992 | 1393829 |
| postoperative posterior spinal wound infections. | the incidence of postoperative spinal infections increases with the complexity of the procedure. diskectomy is associated with less than a 1% risk of infection; spinal fusion without instrumentation is associated with a 1%-5% risk; and fusion with instrumentation may be associated with a risk of 6% or more. twenty-two postoperative posterior spinal infections that occurred during a three-year period were reviewed for this report. staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent organism cultured (mor ... | 1992 | 1395319 |
| cefclidin (e1040), a novel cephalosporin: lack of selection of beta-lactamase overproducing mutants in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model system. | the bactericidal activity of cefclidin (e1040), a new cephalosporin, against a clinical strain of citrobacter freundii was compared with that of ceftazidime in a two-compartment in vitro pharmacokinetic model system designed to simulate plasma concentrations in humans for 12 hours after intravenous administration of a 1 g dose. both cefclidin and ceftazidime showed rapid bactericidal activity against c. freundii. however, during the simulation of ceftazidime treatment, regrowth was observed afte ... | 1992 | 1399855 |
| characterization of the plasmid mediated beta-lactamase bil-1. | a multi-resistant strain of escherichia coli isolated from a patient from pakistan was shown to possess a new plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase. this enzyme, designated bil-1, conferred resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins such as cefotaxime and ceftazidime. however, unlike other plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases capable of conferring resistance to these drugs, the bil-1 was not a member of the tem or shv group of plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases and it also conferred resistance to beta-l ... | 1992 | 1399921 |
| hemorrhagic bullae in association with enterobacter cloacae septicemia. | | 1992 | 1401325 |
| changing patterns of blood culture isolates from patients with acute leukemia: a review of twenty years' experience. | during the 20-year period, 1972-1991, 286 episodes of bacteremia occurred in 200 (45%) of 445 patients with acute leukemia in a hematology ward, giving an incidence of 482 episodes per 1,000 hospital admissions. the frequency of bacteremia was almost unchanged throughout the study period. the frequency of gram-negative bacilli decreased significantly, however, from 81% of all the isolates for the first half of the study period to 50% for the latter half. despite the common use of ceftazidime and ... | 1992 | 1402104 |
| cefdinir (fk482), an orally administered cephalosporin in vitro activity comparison against recent clinical isolates from five medical centers and determination of mic quality control guidelines. | cefdinir, a new oral cephalosporin, was compared to cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefixime, and cefuroxime against greater than 5000 recent aerobic clinical isolates. this multicenter study revealed broad-spectrum cefdinir activity against all enterobacteriaceae (mic50s, 0.06-2 micrograms/ml) except enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marcescens (mic50s, greater than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml). oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci (mic90s, 0.5-2 micrograms/ml), bet ... | 1992 | 1424507 |
| outbreak of surgical wound infections associated with total hip arthroplasty. | describe an outbreak of surgical wound infections associated with total hip arthroplasty; identify risk factors for surgical wound infection during the pre-outbreak and outbreak periods. | 1992 | 1431000 |
| [antibacterial activities of sisomicin against fresh clinical isolates]. | to investigate antibacterial activities of sisomicin (siso), mics of siso as well as other aminoglycosides (ags) were determined against many clinical isolates which were obtained in 1991. results are summarized below: 1. no siso-resistant strains were observed among isolates of escherichia coli, citrobacter diversus, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus mirabilis and morganella morganii. 2. in comparison with the results of our previous study against isolat ... | 1992 | 1433905 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1988). i. susceptibility distribution]. | isolation frequencies and sensitivities to antibacterial and antibiotic agents were investigated on 801 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in 9 hospitals during the period of june to november 1988. of the above total bacterial population, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 29.3% and a majority of them were enterococcus spp. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 70.7% and most of them were escherichia coli. 1. enterococcus faecalis: vancomycin was most active ... | 1992 | 1433906 |
| microorganisms associated with natural fermentation of prosopis africana seeds for the production of okpiye. | okpiye is a food condiment prepared by the fermentation of prosopis africana seeds. the traditional process for the production and microbiological characteristics of the condiment were investigated. during laboratory fermentation that lasted 96 h, the mesquite seeds underwent a natural fermentation that was characterised by the growth of microorganisms to 10(6)-10(8) cfu/g. several species of bacteria especially b. subtilis, b. licheniformis, b. megaterium, staphylococcus epidermidis and microco ... | 1992 | 1438073 |
| comparative study of pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities of cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin. | we compared the pharmacokinetics and the serum bactericidal activities of cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin. fifteen healthy volunteers received 1 g of cefpirome, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone intravenously, 500 mg of imipenem-cilastatin intravenously, and 500 mg of ciprofloxacin orally. high-performance liquid chromatographic assays were used to quantitate unchanged antibiotic in plasma and urine. serum bactericidal activities were determined against six clinical i ... | 1992 | 1444289 |
| analysis of polar lipids from some representative enterobacteria, plesiomonas and acinetobacter by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry. | fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry (fab-ms) was used to analyse lipid extracts of bacteria to assess its usefulness for analysing anionic phospholipids of potential chemotaxonomic value. the following micro-organisms were tested: acinetobacter calcoaceticus, acinetobacter sp., citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae (2 strains), escherichia coli (3 strains), hafnia alvei, klebsiella oxytoca, klebsiella pneumoniae, morganella morganii, plesiomonas shigelloides, proteus mirabilis (3 strain ... | 1992 | 1447059 |
| phosphate starvation affects the synthesis of outer membrane proteins in thiobacillus ferrooxidans. | the outer membrane protein (omp40) component from the chemolithoautotrophic acidophilic thiobacillus ferrooxidans is apparently regulated by the external ph and the concentration of phosphorus. its amino-terminal sequence showed little identity with the escherichia coli ompc, ompf or phoe porins, but was 38.5% identical to the outer membrane channel-forming protein nosa from pseudomonas stutzeri, whose expression is also regulated environmentally. in addition, the partial amino acid sequence of ... | 1992 | 1459418 |
| cockroaches as carriers of bacteria in multi-family dwellings. | the potential risk of bacterial dissemination due to the presence of cockroaches (blattella germanica, blattellidae) in low-income flats was investigated. cockroaches can carry a great variety of bacterial species; we identified 30 different species from 52 different flats. klebsiella oxycytoca, k. pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae were the most frequently found. pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria represented 54% of all the bacterial identifications. bacteria were carried either on ... | 1992 | 1468532 |
| the bioactivation of 5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide (cb1954)--i. purification and properties of a nitroreductase enzyme from escherichia coli--a potential enzyme for antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (adept). | a nitroreductase enzyme has been isolated from escherichia coli b. this enzyme is an fmn-containing flavoprotein with a molecular mass of 24 kda and requires either nadh or nadph as a cofactor. partial protein sequence analysis showed extensive homology with the "classical nitroreductase" of salmonella typhimurium and a nitroreductase induced in enterobacter cloacae. in common with the salmonella enzyme, the e. coli b enzyme is capable of reducing nitrofurazone. the e. coli nitroreductase is als ... | 1992 | 1472094 |
| beta-lactamase stability and inhibitory activity of meropenem combined with a potent antibacterial activity. | the affinity of meropenem for various known types of beta-lactamases and its stability to them were tested in comparison with other beta-lactams, including imipenem. meropenem exhibited a marked stability to all beta-lactamases tested and was only hydrolyzed by xanthomonas maltophilia beta-lactamase, as were other beta-lactams. this was responsible for the potent antibacterial activities of meropenem against beta-lactamase-producing strains. meropenem and imipenem had almost the same, relatively ... | 1992 | 1473360 |
| [basic and clinical study of meropenem in pediatric field]. | meropenem (mepm), a novel parenteral carbapenem antibiotic, was examined in a cooperative study involving 12 pediatric and 1 neonatologic facilities. the results are summarized as follows. 1. antibacterial activity antibacterial activity of mepm against stock organisms including 31 strains of streptococcus agalactiae, 14 of listeria monocytogenes, 4 of bordetella pertussis and 3 of neisseria meningitidis ranged from 0.025 to 0.10 micrograms/ml in mic90's, which were equal or lower than those of ... | 1992 | 1479687 |
| [effect of meropenem on fecal flora in children]. | meropenem (mepm, sm-7338), a novel parenteral carbapenem antibiotic, was examined for its effect on intestinal flora in children. seven children with infectious diseases (3 male and 4 female children of age's ranging from 4 months to 8 years and 9 months weighing from 7.3 to 23.0 kg) were treated with mepm at doses ranging 10.3 to 40.5 mg/kg 3 or 4 times a day for 6 to 12 days. before, during and after the treatment, identities and numbers of various bacteria contained in 1 g of feces were deter ... | 1992 | 1479688 |
| chromogenic redox assay for beta-lactamases yielding water-insoluble products. i. kinetic behavior and redox chemistry. | we describe a chromogenic detection system for beta-lactamase which yields water-insoluble colored products. the assay is based on kinetic measurement of the appearance of color due to the beta-lactamase-initiated redox reaction. the substrates are c3' thiolate-substituted cephalosporins, which, after enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring, undergo elimination of the thiolate ion. this thiolate, in a postenzymatic step, reduces the tetrazolium salts, which are water-soluble colorles ... | 1992 | 1481987 |
| bacteremia and vegetative endocarditis associated with a heart murmur in a blue-and-gold macaw. | a 6-year-old male blue-and-gold macaw (ara ararauna) was presented with severe weakness, anorexia, and weight loss of 2 weeks duration. cardiac auscultation revealed a soft systolic murmur. blood cultures collected both antemortem and postmortem yielded pure isolates of enterobacter cloacae. at necropsy, vegetative endocarditis was found involving the left atrioventricular valve. microscopically, the lesion on the valve was characterized by a mixture of necrotic material, colonies of gram-negati ... | 1992 | 1485868 |
| survey of the prevalence of beta-lactamases amongst 1000 gram-negative bacilli isolated consecutively at the royal london hospital. | beta-lactamase expression was examined in 1000 consecutive gram-negative bacilli isolated from urine, wound swab, sputum or blood specimens received at the microbiology laboratory of the royal london hospital. this survey, performed between january and april, 1991, followed a similar study undertaken in early 1982. the distribution of species was similar in the two surveys, except that the proportion of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates had increased from 11% in 1982 to 17.5% in the present study. ... | 1992 | 1490917 |
| gas gangrene: an unusual cause of graft failure in an orthotopic pediatric liver transplant. | gas gangrene of the liver is a very unusual cause of graft failure, and gas gangrene caused by enterobacter cloacae is also exceedingly rare. although clostridial infection could not be excluded in this case, the literature and our case show that enterobacter cloacae can be present in gas gangrene tissue whether or not it is the only infecting organism. | 1992 | 1491933 |
| [synergistic action of cefodizime with other antimicrobial agents on clinically isolated microorganisms. ii. synergistic action with sisomicin]. | cefodizime (cdzm) possesses a broad antimicrobial spectrum and a relatively long half life in the blood. in addition, it shows excellent therapeutic efficacies in the treatment of infections in leukopenic animal models, hence it is expected that cdzm may have good efficacies against various infections in immunocompromised hosts. in the meantime, sisomicin (siso) not only has strong antibacterial activities against gram-negative rods (gnr), but has relatively low nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. t ... | 1992 | 1495193 |
| identification of factors affecting in vivo aminoglycoside activity in an experimental model of gram-negative endocarditis. | aminoglycoside bactericidal activity during the first 24 h of treatment probably is a determining parameter in the prognosis of severe gram-negative infections in immunocompromised patients. to identify the predictive factors involved in the definition of the best therapeutic regimen for enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens infections, we studied different gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin regimens by using an experimental model of rabbit endocarditis. two factors appear to play an im ... | 1992 | 1503436 |
| nucleotide sequence of the ampc-ampr region from the chromosome of yersinia enterocolitica. | the nucleotide sequence of a 3.1-kb region from the chromosome of the yersinia enterocolitica o:5b strain ip97 containing the gene for an inducible chromosomal cephalosporinase has been determined. the cephalosporinase gene was homologous to other enterobacterial chromosomal cephalosporinase genes, and it was accompanied by a gene homologous to the regulatory ampr gene. the arrangement of genes in the y. enterocolitica ampcr unit was identical to that in the enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter ... | 1992 | 1510392 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of sce-2787, a new parenteral cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum. | sce-2787, a new cephalosporin having a condensed azolium moiety in the 3 position and an aminothiadiazolyl group in the 7 beta side chain, was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo activities in comparison with those of ceftazidime, flomoxef, cefpirome, and e1040. against methicillin-susceptible strains of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, sce-2787 was more active than ceftazidime and e1040 and was as active as flomoxef and cefpirome, with mics for 90% of strains tested (mic ... | 1992 | 1510428 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of ljc 10,627. | the in vitro activity of ljc 10,627, a new carbapenem, was compared with those of imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and gentamicin. ljc 10,627 inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter agglomerans, enterobacter cloacae, hafnia alvei, citrobacter freundii, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, morganella morganii, proteus rettgeri, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas cepacia, salmonellae, shigellae, aeromonas, and yersiniae ... | 1992 | 1510436 |
| [pharmacokinetic, bacteriological, and clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron in children]. | pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies were performed on panipenem/betamipron (papm/bp) in children. the results are summarized as follow: 1. twelve patients with various bacterial infectious diseases were treated with papm/bp. each dose was 20 mg/20 mg/kg, administered 3 times daily, in 30-minute intravenous drip infusion. treatments were continued for 5-22 days. clinical efficacies of papm/bp in 12 patients with bacterial infections (1 with suspected sepsis, 5 with pneumonia, 1 ... | 1992 | 1512926 |
| nonspecific reactions of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (tecra) for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in foods. | a staphylococcal enterotoxin visual immunoassay kit (tecra) has recently become commercially available. since the kit is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system equipped with polyvalent antisera against staphylococcal enterotoxin types a to e (sea to see) and the test is simple and rapid to perform (4 h), it has been widely used for screening purposes. in this study, the sensitivity of the kit for detection of sea, seb, and sec in ham, cheese, and mushrooms was similar to those of kits based ... | 1992 | 1514798 |
| the threat of resistance to the new oral cephalosporins. | phenotypic resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is mainly due to the prevalence of beta-lactamases. the most common enzymes responsible for resistance to aminopenicillins and older (1st generation) cephalosporins are the tem-1, tem-2, oxa-1 and shv-1 enzymes, all of which are plasmid-mediated. the recent development of oral cephalosporins sharing structural features and an antimicrobial spectrum comparable to that of 3rd-generation cephalosporins has provided highly active compounds for the man ... | 1992 | 1516458 |
| homeostasis as regulated by activated macrophage. ii. lps of plant origin other than wheat flour and their concomitant bacteria. | in order to seek a macrophage-activating substance, lipopolysaccharide (lps) of plant origin other than that of wheat flour was surveyed. a large amount of lps (10-100 micrograms/g) was detected in laminaria japonica (kelp), curcuma longa (turmeric), undaria pinnatifida and other substances. since concomitant bacteria possibly existing in root of farm products can be considered to contribute to lps of plant origin, a count was taken of bacterial cells both dead and alive. this count revealed tha ... | 1992 | 1525958 |
| homeostasis as regulated by activated macrophage. iii. protective effect of lpsw (lipopolysaccharide (lps) of wheat flour) on gastric ulcer in mice as compared with those of other lps from various sources. | protective effect of lipopolysaccharide (lps) from various sources on gastric ulcer has been examined in mice using parenteral as well as oral route. ulcer is induced by indomethacin, stress or alcohol. lps was prepared from 6 species of bacteria (escherichia coli, pantoea agglomerans, serratia ficaria, enterobacter cloacae, bordetella pertussis, alcaligenes faecalis) and from wheat flour. when administered intravenously, lps of pantoea agglomerans was the most effective among other lps examined ... | 1992 | 1525959 |
| [apropos of the frequency of osteoarticular infections caused by enterobacter cloacae]. | | 1992 | 1531533 |
| fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry for bacterial chemotaxonomy: influence of culture age, growth temperature, gaseous environment and extraction technique. | extracted phospholipids of escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis and enterobacter cloacae were examined by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry which yielded major peaks between m/z 225 and 761. the result of extracting freeze-dried or 'wet' cells showed that freeze-drying may be omitted although weighing of dried cells offers a useful means of standardizing the extraction procedure. anaerobic growth quantitatively altered the chemical finger-print as a result of increase in ratio of saturated: ... | 1992 | 1541603 |
| impact of voluntary vs enforced compliance of third-generation cephalosporin use in a teaching hospital. | the purpose of this study was to assess and compare the impact of voluntary compliance and enforced compliance with institutional guidelines for initiating third-generation cephalosporin therapy. | 1992 | 1546918 |
| a diphasic immune response against bacteria in the american cockroach. | the adult cockroach generates an adaptive humoral immune response exhibiting specificity and immunological memory when immunized with soluble proteins. in contrast, the response induced by bacteria in holometabolous insects is non-specific and short term, generally losing activity after 72 hr. we have found that the roach generates a diphasic response when injected with bacteria, displaying an acute non-specific phase initially, which is then superseded by a second response that is relatively lo ... | 1992 | 1551700 |
| bacteriophage lytic patterns for identification of salmonellae, shigellae, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, and enterobacter cloacae. | a series of bacteriophages specific for escherichia coli (e-1, e-2, e-3, and e-4), citrobacter freundii (phi i, phi ii, and phi iii), enterobacter cloacae (ent), and shigella spp. (sh) have been isolated from hospital sewage. these bacteriophages, in combination with felix salmonella phage o-i, were used as a diagnostic phage typing set which included seven phage preparations: o-i, c (phi i and phi iii), sh, e (e-1 and e-2), ce (phi ii and e-3), e-4, and ent. after 20,280 cultures of 27 species ... | 1992 | 1551974 |
| comparative activity of meropenem (sm-7338) against major respiratory pathogens and amikacin-resistant nosocomial isolates. | meropenem, a new broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic, demonstrated excellent in vitro activity against major respiratory pathogens including moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae. minimal inhibitory concentrations of meropenem for moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae isolates were frequently less than those of imipenem. for nosocomial amikacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli, meropenem had eightfold lower mic90 values compared to imipenem against ... | 1992 | 1563388 |
| cellulitis caused by enterobacter cloacae. | | 1992 | 1569317 |
| the udp-n-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase of enterobacter cloacae. molecular cloning, sequencing of the gene and overexpression of the enzyme. | the udp-n-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (enolpyruvyltransferase, ec 2.5.1.7) which catalyses the first committed step in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan was purified to near homogeneity from enterobacter cloacae and the nh2-terminal amino-acid sequence determined. using the polymerase chain reaction a 53-bp dna fragment was synthesized; this fragment encodes the nh2-terminal sequence of the enzyme. a clone was then isolated which contained an open reading ... | 1992 | 1577165 |
| multicenter open-label study of parenteral ofloxacin in treatment of pyelonephritis in adults. | the efficacy and safety of parenteral ofloxacin were evaluated in an open, multicenter study of hospitalized patients with pyelonephritis. the patients received ofloxacin 400 mg iv as an initial dose followed by ofloxacin 200 mg iv b.i.d. for a minimum of three days. the patients could then continue ofloxacin orally 200 mg b.i.d. for a total of seven to fourteen days. the most common pathogens isolated were escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, and klebsiella pneumoniae. microbiologic eradicat ... | 1992 | 1580038 |
| ru 29 246, the active compound of the cephalosporin-prodrug-ester hr 916. ii. stability to beta-lactamases and affinity for penicillin-binding proteins. | the aminothiazolyl-cephalosporin ru 29 246, the active metabolite of the prodrug-ester hr 916, is active against strains producing the widespread plasmid-encoded tem-1, tem-2 and shv-1 beta-lactamases. except for tem-7 the activity of ru 29 246 against strains producing extended broad spectrum beta-lactamases (tem-3, tem-5, tem-6, shv-2, shv-4, shv-5, cmy-1, ctx-m), however, is low. relative hydrolysis rates of ru 29 246 are comparable with those of cefpodoxime, the active metabolite of cs-807, ... | 1992 | 1592684 |
| factors involved in the enhanced efficacy against gram-negative bacteria of fourth generation cephalosporins. | the fourth generation cephalosporins, cefpirome and cefepime, demonstrate better activity against strains of enterobacter cloacae with derepressed beta-lactamase than the third generation compounds cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. several methodological refinements were used to measure the parameters, predicted by the zimmermann-rosselet equation to be important in the efficacy of beta-lactams. outer membrane permeability was measured by a novel hplc method. the kinetics of interaction of purified be ... | 1992 | 1601751 |
| infectious complications after human small bowel transplantation. | | 1992 | 1604604 |
| pharmacokinetic disposition and bactericidal activities of cefepime, ceftazidime, and cefoperazone in serum and blister fluid. | cefepime is a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin with excellent gram-positive and gram-negative activity including activity against staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterobacter cloacae. the pharmacokinetic disposition of cefepime is similar to that of ceftazidime. we compared the pharmacokinetic characteristics and the extent and duration of bactericidal activity in serum and suction-induced blister fluid after single 2-g intravenous doses of cefepime, ceftazidime, and cefoperaz ... | 1992 | 1605609 |
| prevalence of a plasmid-mediated type ii dihydrofolate reductase gene among trimethoprim-resistant urinary pathogens in greek hospitals. | the genetic basis of trimethoprim resistance was examined in 24 klebsiella pneumoniae, 27 enterobacter cloacae, five enterobacter aerogenes and nine serratia marcescens urinary isolates from five hospitals in greece. analysis of the 65 isolates by serotyping and phage-typing identified 53 distinct strains. thirty-eight isolates (15 k. pneumoniae, 19 e. cloacae, two e. aerogenes and two s. marcescens) hybridized with a probe specific for a gene encoding type ii dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). thr ... | 1992 | 1607329 |
| mechanism of inhibition of the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 by phosphonate monoesters. | the class c serine beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 was inhibited by a series of aryl methylphosphonate monoester monoanions. the effectiveness of these inhibitors was promoted by an acylamido substituent on the methyl group and a good leaving group at phosphorus. the former preference suggests that noncovalent interaction of these inhibitors with the enzyme resembles that of substrates, while the latter suggests that nucleophilic displacement at phosphorus occurs as part of the inhibi ... | 1992 | 1610830 |
| bacterial mediastinitis after heart transplantation. | bacterial mediastinal abscess or mediastinitis developed in nine (2.5%) of 361 consecutive patients who underwent isolated heart transplantation at the texas heart institute. all nine patients had at least one predisposing factor that may have contributed to the development of mediastinitis. these included insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, repeat operation for postoperative mediastinal hemorrhage, staphylococcus aureus pneumonitis, and cardiac allograft rejection in the early postoperative pe ... | 1992 | 1610862 |
| use of a commercial double-test tablet (rosco pgua/indole) for screening of escherichia coli. | a commercial double-test tablet (rosco pgua/indole) for detection of beta-glucuronidase (beta-gur) activity and indole production was evaluated on a collection of 393 isolates of enterobacteria. both beta-gur and indole were positive on 96.6% of escherichia coli strains. beta-gur, only, was also detected in 25 shigella spp., four enterobacter cloacae, eight citrobacter freundii, and five salmonella enteritidis strains, none of which were indole producers. an additional 261 consecutive clinical i ... | 1992 | 1611844 |
| in vitro activity of cefquinome, a new cephalosporin, compared with other cephalosporin antibiotics. | the in vitro activity of cefquinome, a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with a c-3 bicyclic pyridinium group, was compared with ceftazidime, cefpirome, and cefepime. cefquinome inhibited members of the enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml for escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, salmonella shigella, proteus mirabilis, morganella, and providencia. although most citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae were inhibited by less than 2 ... | 1992 | 1611848 |
| [a clinical study on panipenem/betamipron in chronic respiratory tract infections]. | panipenem/betamipron (cs-976, papm/bp), a new carbapenem antibiotic, was administered a single dose of 500 mg or 750 mg via intravenous drip infusion twice a day for treatment of chronic respiratory infection to study its clinical efficacy, bacteriological efficacy and safety. twenty nine cases were studied for the efficacy evaluation. only the safety evaluation was made in 6 cases which were judged to be unsuitable, because in some of them pneumonia and other diseases were not specified as the ... | 1992 | 1613969 |
| mutation of serine residue 318 in the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae 908r. | the involvement of the serine residue 318 in the specificity of a class c beta-lactamase was investigated. multiple site-directed mutants at this position were generated using a polymerase chain reaction technique. these mutants were then probed for their activity towards various beta-lactam compounds. one mutant, s318g was further purified and its physico-chemical and catalytic properties determined. it was shown that the observed minimal inhibitory concentration values of this mutant could be ... | 1992 | 1624116 |
| development of resistance during ceftazidime and cefepime therapy in a murine peritonitis model. | resistance emerging after ceftazidime or cefepime therapy was investigated in a peritonitis model. mice were given a peritoneal challenge (10(8) cfu plus talcum) and treated by either antibiotic (50 mg/kg/dose, which produced similar antibiotic concentrations in peritoneal fluid in both cases). after one or three doses, resistance never developed in serratia marcescens or citrobacter freundii infections. after enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa challenge, ceftazidime selected more r ... | 1992 | 1624394 |
| cloacal flora isolated from wild black-bellied whistling ducks (dendrocygna autumnalis) in laguna la nacha, mexico. | cloacal swabs from 110 adult black-bellied whistling ducks trapped at laguna la nacha, tamaulipas, mexico, were cultured to determine the prevalence of normal and potentially pathogenic bacteria. twenty-five gram-negative enterobacteria and four gram-positive cocci were isolated. the most common isolates included escherichia coli (54%), staphylococcus spp. (29%), streptococcus spp. (22%), aeromonas hydrophila (15%) enterobacter cloacae (14%), and micrococcus sp. (14%). the implications of whistl ... | 1992 | 1627117 |
| high prevalence of stably derepressed class-i beta-lactamase expression in multiresistant clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae from greek hospitals. | susceptibilities to cefotaxime (ctx) and ceftazidime (caz) were examined for 90 recent clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae from greek hospitals. most (68%) of the isolates were resistant to both drugs, and all were resistant to cefoxitin. beta-lactamase activities against cephaloridine in crude extracts from ctx-caz-resistant isolates were high, irrespective of whether or not the cells were grown with cefoxitin as an inducer of the chromosomal beta-lactamase, indicating stable derepression ... | 1992 | 1629903 |
| infectious discitis caused by enterobacter cloacae. | the case is reported of a patient who developed a vertebral osteomyelitis caused by enterobacter cloacae. the organism was isolated in cultures of blood and vertebral puncture biopsy samples. the patient was satisfactorily treated with trimethroprim and sulphamethoxazole. enterobacter cloacae, a gram negative organism, has been confirmed as the cause of bacteremia in patients with burns, urinary infections, in adults with pneumonia, and in children with joint infections. spondylodiscitis caused ... | 1992 | 1632668 |
| a rapid-kinetic study of the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae 908r. | the individual rate constants for acylation and deacylation (k2 and k3, respectively) of the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae 908r by ampicillin and carbenicillin have been determined. for several other beta-lactams, the value of k2 was too high to be determined and the k2/k3 ratio could be larger than 10,000. branched pathways were also shown to occur with several penicillins and cephalosporins. | 1992 | 1633864 |
| septic arthritis following arthroscopy: clinical syndromes and analysis of risk factors. | during a 4-year study of 4,256 knee arthroscopies, eighteen patients became infected (infection rate 0.42%). occurrence of infection was strongly associated with use of long-acting intraarticular intraoperative corticosteroids. infection was more common among patients with longer surgery operating times, increased numbers of procedures during surgery, prior procedures, and performance of chondroplasty or soft tissue debridement. subsequent to the study, the infection rate fell to 0.1%. twenty-fo ... | 1992 | 1637435 |
| purification and characterization of indolepyruvate decarboxylase. a novel enzyme for indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in enterobacter cloacae. | indolepyruvate decarboxylase, a key enzyme for indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis, was found in extracts of enterobacter cloacae. the enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of indole-3-pyruvic acid to yield indole-3-acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide. the enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity from escherichia coli cells harboring the genetic locus for this enzyme obtained from e. cloacae. the results of gel filtration experiments showed that indolepyruvate decarboxylase is a tetramer with an m(r ... | 1992 | 1639814 |
| use of ciprofloxacin in an infant with ventriculitis. | ciprofloxacin was used successfully in a neonate with ventriculitis caused by a multiply resistant strain of enterobacter cloacae. limited pharmacokinetic data indicated that adequate concentrations of drug could be attained in cerebrospinal fluid. | 1992 | 1640304 |
| imipenem- and meropenem-resistant mutants of enterobacter cloacae and proteus rettgeri lack porins. | carbapenems such as imipenem and meropenem are not rapidly hydrolyzed by commonly occurring beta-lactamases. nevertheless, it was possible, by mutagenesis and selection, to isolate mutant strains of enterobacter cloacae and proteus rettgeri that are highly resistant to meropenem and imipenem. two alterations were noted in the e. cloacae mutants. first, the mutant strains appeared to be strongly derepressed in the production of beta-lactamases, which reached a very high level when the strains wer ... | 1991 | 1656855 |
| subgingival microflora of advanced periodontitis in the dominican republic. | a study of the predominant subgingival microflora was carried out in 24 periodontitis patients, 18 to 60 years of age, in santo domingo, dominican republic. paper point sampling, transport in vmga iii, and conventional microbiological techniques were utilized. direct microscopic examination revealed that cocci and nonmotile organisms made up 85% of the total organisms and spirochetes as little as 3%. nonselective culturing showed gram-negative organisms to constitute 53% of total isolates. fusob ... | 1991 | 1658290 |
| why are carbapenems active against enterobacter cloacae resistant to third generation cephalosporins? | the broad antibacterial activity of carbapenems includes gram-negative rods resistant to third generation cephalosporins. to increase the understanding of this improved activity, the factors involved in the efficacy of imipenem and ceftriaxone against enterobacter cloacae have been examined. resistance to ceftriaxone is primarily the result of a selection of resistant clones ("derepressed mutants"), pre-existing within the enterobacter populations. most of the resistant clones produce large amou ... | 1991 | 1658922 |
| multiple copies of is10 in the enterobacter cloacae md36 chromosome. | repetitive sequences were isolated and characterized as double-stranded dna fragments by treatment with s1 nuclease after denaturation and renaturation of the total dna of enterobacter cloacae md36. one repetitive sequence was identical to the nucleotide sequence of is10-right (is10r), which is the active element in the plasmid-associated transposon tn10. unexpectedly, 15 copies of is10r were found in the chromosomal dna of e. cloacae md36. one copy of the central region of tn10 was found in the ... | 1991 | 1660455 |
| increased resistance to multiple drugs by introduction of the enterobacter cloacae roma gene into ompf porin-deficient mutants of escherichia coli k-12. | introduction of the roma gene cloned from enterobacter cloacae into escherichia coli k-12 resulted in almost complete inhibition of ompf expression and a concomitant increase in resistance to quinolones, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, and tetracyclines. in addition, the roma gene reduced the susceptibility to these multiple drugs even in the ompf porin-deficient mutants of e. coli k-12. results indicate the presence of roma-sensitive penetration pathway(s) for these multiple drugs other than the ... | 1991 | 1662028 |
| phenotypic characterization of quinolone-resistant mutants of enterobacteriaceae selected from wild type, gyra type and multiply-resistant (mara) type strains. | the nctc type strains of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and klebsiella pneumoniae were exposed to 3, 5 and 10 x mic of nalidixic acid, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, pd 117596 and pd 127391. from each strain a mutant with a high mic of quinolones alone (gyra) and a mutant with intermediate resistance to quinolones, some beta-lactams, chloramphenicol and tetracycline (multiply resistant, m-r) were selected on agar containing antibiotics. the gyra mutants required a higher c ... | 1991 | 1663926 |
| in vitro activity and stability against novel beta-lactamases of investigational beta-lactams (cefepime, cefpirome, flomoxef, sce2787 and piperacillin plus tazobactam) in comparison with established compounds (cefotaxime, latamoxef and piperacillin). | the therapeutic perspectives of flomoxef, sce 2787, cefpirome, cefepime, latamoxef, cefotaxime and of piperacillin plus tazobactam were comparatively evaluated by their in vitro activity against 1119 clinical isolates of 83 bacterial species. escherichia coli, klebsiella spp. enterobacter sakazakii, proteus spp. and shigella spp. were about equally susceptible to the cephalosporins (mic90: 0.06 to 0.5 mg/l), while the mic90 for piperacillin plus tazobactam was between 2 and 16 mg/l. enterobacter ... | 1991 | 1664418 |
| the evaluation of residual antimicrobial activity on hands and its clinical relevance. | a model for evaluation of the residual activity of agents used for hygienic hand disinfection, which relates closely to the "in-use" setting, is described. we looked for residual activity following hand disinfection by a standard method with soap and water and four skin disinfectants in common use. two test organisms known to have caused cross-infection and having clinically-significant antibiotic resistance were used: a strain of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium and one of gentamicin-m ... | 1991 | 1679443 |
| hygienic hand disinfection for the removal of epidemic vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium and gentamicin-resistant enterobacter cloacae. | an outbreak strain of enterococcus faecium, bearing plasmid-mediated vancomycin resistance, and an epidemic gentamicin-resistant, multiply-resistant strain of enterobacter cloacae, both survived well on fingertips of three volunteers for up to 30 minutes after inoculation. hand disinfection of inoculated fingers with 60% isopropyl alcohol, or with alcoholic chlorhexidine, reliably gave a 4 log10 reduction of both test organisms. enterobacter cloacae could not be detected in any finger washings, ... | 1991 | 1680903 |
| surgical emphysema caused by enterobacter cloacae: a hazard of intravenous cannulation. | | 1991 | 1680909 |
| analysis of plasmid pattern in paediatric intensive care unit outbreaks of nosocomial infection due to enterobacter cloacae. | sequential outbreaks of nosocomial infection due to multiply-resistant enterobacter cloacae occurred in september 1987, and between december 1988 and january 1989, in a paediatric intensive care unit. a total of eight neonates were affected and most had received ventilatory support. initially, we were unable to determine whether the two outbreaks were caused by the same strain of e. cloacae. after applying plasmid profile analysis to identify epidemic strains, we established that the strain from ... | 1991 | 1684595 |
| fimbrial types among respiratory isolates belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae. | bacterial attachment is believed to be an early step in gram-negative nosocomial pneumonia. the frequency of fimbria-associated adhesins among respiratory pathogens has not been studied in detail. in this study isolates belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae, prospectively obtained from intensive care unit patients who were suspected of having nosocomial pneumonia, were examined for fimbria-associated adhesins. type 3, p, type 1, and other fimbrial phenotypes were identified by specific hema ... | 1991 | 1685495 |