Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| in vitro synergistic activities of tobramycin and selected beta-lactams against 75 gram-negative clinical isolates. | the microdilution checkerboard technique was utilized to distinguish synergistic activity between tobramycin and four beta-lactams: piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin-clavulanate, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone. beta-lactam-aminoglycoside combinations were tested against 75 clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumanii, citrobacterfreundii, serratia marcescens, and enterobacter cloacae. despite in vitro susceptibilities, all isolates demonstrated either synergism or indiffe ... | 1997 | 9371376 |
| detection of mutations in the gyra and parc genes in quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae. | we have determined partial sequences of the gyra and parc genes of enterobacter cloacae type strain including the regions analogous to the quinolone resistance-determining region of the escherichia coli gyra gene. the deduced 65- and 49-amino acid sequences of the determined regions of the e. cloacae gyra and parc genes were identical to the corresponding regions of the e. coli gyra and parc proteins, respectively. we examined 40 clinical strains of e. cloacae isolated from patients with urinary ... | 1997 | 9372424 |
| sequence of a melibiose transporter gene of enterobacter cloacae. | we cloned a fragment of the chromosomal dna of enterobacter cloacae, which enabled a melibiose-negative escherichia coli mutant lacking melb to grow on melibiose as the sole source of carbon. transformed cells harboring the hybrid plasmid carrying the cloned dna showed melibiose transport activity. the nucleotide sequence of the dna region was determined. one complete open reading frame (orf) and a part of another orf were found in the region, and the amino acid sequences were deduced. the compl ... | 1997 | 9375783 |
| [characterization of plasmids which mediate resistance to multiple antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria of nosocomial origin]. | the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in antimicrobial resistance of 10 strains of gramnegative bacilli (1 serratia marcescens; 2 escherichia coli; 1 proteus mirabilis; 4 klebsiella pneumoniae; 1 enterobacter cloacae y 1 alcaligenes faecalis), isolated from adult patients with nosocomial pulmonary infection at the in-patient facilities of the university hospital of los andes, mérida, venezuela, have been studied. | 1997 | 9376400 |
| ribotyping and random amplification of polymorphic dna for nosocomial enterobacter cloacae isolates in a pediatric intensive-care unit. | between 1987 and 1989, two sequential outbreaks of nosocomial infection caused by enterobacter cloacae occur-red in the pediatric intensive-care unit of a tertiary-care teaching hospital. seventeen strains retrieved from the outbreaks and two control strains identified in other wards were typed by ribotyping and random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd). the results indicated that the genomic pattern of strains identified between the first and second outbreaks was different. we conclude tha ... | 1997 | 9397373 |
| purification, properties, and sequence of glycerol trinitrate reductase from agrobacterium radiobacter. | glycerol trinitrate (gtn) reductase, which enables agrobacterium radiobacter to utilize gtn and related explosives as sources of nitrogen for growth, was purified and characterized, and its gene was cloned and sequenced. the enzyme was a 39-kda monomeric protein which catalyzed the nadh-dependent reductive scission of gtn (km = 23 microm) to glycerol dinitrates (mainly the 1,3-isomer) with a ph optimum of 6.5, a temperature optimum of 35 degrees c, and no dependence on metal ions for activity. i ... | 1997 | 9401040 |
| wild-type escherichia coli grows on the chitin disaccharide, n,n'-diacetylchitobiose, by expressing the cel operon. | we report here that wild-type escherichia coli can grow on the chitin disaccharide, n,n'-diacetylchitobiose (glcnac)2, as the sole source of carbon. transposon mutants were isolated that were unable to ferment (glcnac)2 but grew normally on the monosaccharide glcnac. one such mutant was used to screen a wild-type e. coli genomic cosmid library for restoration of (glcnac)2 fermentation. a partial sequence analysis of the isolated fragment mapped the clone to the (previously sequenced) e. coli gen ... | 1997 | 9405618 |
| [penetration of meropenem in gram-negative bacilli. differences in activity with imipenem]. | the outer membrane of gramnegative bacteria cell-wall contain channels formed by proteins known as porins, which facilitate the penetration of molecules into the cell. imipenem and meropenem possess an important intrinsic activity against most gramnegative bacteria due to their high affinity for the penicillin-binding proteins pbp-2 and/or pbp-3. meropenem is slightly more active against certain species of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and nonfermenters bacilli. in this sense the di ... | 1997 | 9410063 |
| [meropenem: microbiologic perspective]. | meropenem is a beta-lactamic carbapenem derived from thienamycin and is structurally characterized by the presence of a beta-methyl group in position c1 which confers stability to the molecule versus renal dehydropeptidase 1 (dhp-1), thereby making the coadministration of an enzyme inhibitor unnecessary. its esterochemical configuration of the lateral chain in c2 (dimethyl carbomoilpyrrolidenethium) increases the activity versus gram negative bacteria (enterobacteria and pseudomonas) and moreove ... | 1997 | 9410064 |
| [biovars and antibiotic resistance of enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from colonized newborns]. | a total of 120 strains of e. cloacae were isolated from colonized newborns in a maternity hospital (96 strains) and from inpatients of other hospitals (23 strains). biovars of these strains and of 1 reference strain were determined by two methods of biochemical typing and their sensitivity to 14 antibiotics assessed. the overwhelming majority of isolates from newborns were referred to type 2 according to typing after old (original) or to biovar 62 if typed using the modification of this method. ... | 1997 | 9410460 |
| production of escherichia coli group i-like heat-labile enterotoxin by enterobacteriaceae isolated from environmental water. | strains of klebsiella oxytoca (2), citrobacter freundii (2), enterobacter cloacae (1) and escherichia coli (1) isolated from environmental water were identified as heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) producing strains by immunological methods and polymerase chain amplification. a 322 bp amplified fragment was obtained with specific primers ltr and ltl, and hybridized to a digoxigenin-labelled ltb probe only under low stringency conditions, and not with a cholera toxin probe. these results suggest that ... | 1997 | 9418038 |
| molecular cloning of the nema gene encoding n-ethylmaleimide reductase from escherichia coli. | using the gene mapping membrane technique, we identified a gene (nema) that encodes n-ethylmaleimide reductase in escherichia coli. the open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 365 amino acids with a molecular mass of 39,514 da. the deduced amino acid sequence showed a high degree of homology (87% identical) with the pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase of enterobacter cloacae and the morphinone reductase of pseudomonas putida (52% identical). | 1997 | 9013822 |
| differential distributions in tissues and efficacies of aztreonam and ceftazidime and in vivo bacterial morphological changes following treatment. | the differential tissue distributions of aztreonam and ceftazidime within fibrin clots infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, and serratia marcescens, their efficacies, and the in vivo bacterial morphological changes induced by these drugs were evaluated. rabbits were given intravenously a single dose of 100 mg of either agents/kg of body weight. in the cores of the clots, the peak levels of both drugs were much lower than those observed in the peripheries and in serum. aztr ... | 1997 | 9021198 |
| bacterial strains isolated from eggs and their resistance to currently used antibiotics: is there a health hazard for consumers? | in order to study the putative transfer of antibiotic resistance from poultry to humans, hens' eggs were examined for the presence of various pathogens. staphylococcus, enterobacter, escherichia, proteus and pseudomonas spp. were the most frequently isolated genera. sensitivity tests, performed with the kirby-bauer technique, showed the presence of resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus (to penicillin-g, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, cefalosporins, oxacillin, gentamycin, chloramph ... | 1997 | 9023039 |
| bacterial and ureaplasma colonization of the airway: radiologic findings in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | we designed this retrospective study to compare radiologic findings in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) in whom gram-positive cocci (gpc), gram-negative bacilli (gnb), or ureaplasma urealyticum were colonized. another objective was to correlate the radiologic findings of these patients with the clinical severity of bpd. | 1997 | 9447527 |
| some properties and action mode of (1-->4)-alpha-l-guluronan lyase from enterobacter cloacae m-1. | an intracellular alginate lyase was purified from enterobacter cloacae m-1 by successive fractionation on q sepharose ff, sp sepharose ff, and sephacryl s-200 hr. the purified enzyme gave a single band on sds-page and isoelectric focusing. the enzyme easily degraded polyguluronate and produced unsaturated oligoguluronic acids with a wide range of dp. the major end product of the enzyme reaction on polyguluronate was unsaturated triuronic acid. the pattern of oligoguluronic acids (dp 2-9) generat ... | 1997 | 9449764 |
| a disulfide bridge near the active site of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamases might explain their unusual substrate profile. | bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, a clinically worrying and recurrent problem, is often due to the production of beta-lactamases, enzymes that efficiently hydrolyze the amide bond of the beta-lactam nucleus. imipenem and other carbapenems escape the activity of most active site serine beta-lactamases and have therefore become very popular drugs for antibacterial chemotherapy in the hospital environment. their usefulness is, however, threatened by the appearance of new beta-lactama ... | 1997 | 9037711 |
| enterobacter sakazakii: a review. | enterobacter sakazakii, previously referred to as a yellow-pigmented enterobacter cloacae was designated as a unique species in 1980. this reclassification was based on differences from e. cloacae in dna relatedness, pigment production and biochemical reactions. e. sakazakii has been implicated in a severe form of neonatal meningitis. although studies have failed to identify an environmental source for the organism, dried-infant formula has been implicated in both outbreaks and sporadic cases of ... | 1997 | 9039558 |
| antibacterial activity of t-5575, a novel 2-carboxypenam, and its stability to beta-lactamase. | the in-vitro activity of t-5575, 2-carboxypenam, a new parenteral antibiotic and its stability to beta-lactamases were compared with those of ceftazidime and imipenem. the activity of t-5575 was equal or superior to that of ceftazidime or imipenem against gram-negative bacteria that produced penicillinase with the exception of the enzyme oxa-1. against strains that produced cephalosporinase and zinc-dependent beta-lactamase, the activity of t-5575 was superior to that of ceftazidime or imipenem. ... | 1997 | 9044025 |
| coexpression of the long and short forms of chea, the chemotaxis histidine kinase, by members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | chea is the histidine protein kinase of a two-component signal transduction system required for bacterial chemotaxis. motile cells of the enteric species escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium synthesize two forms of chea by utilizing in-frame initiation sites within the gene chea. the full-length protein, cheal, plays an essential role in the chemotactic signaling pathway. in contrast, the function of the short form, cheas, remains elusive. although cheas lacks the histidine residue that b ... | 1997 | 9045846 |
| imipenem resistance in klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with the combination of act-1, a plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamase, and the foss of an outer membrane protein. | six escherichia coli and 12 klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from a single hospital expressed a common beta-lactamase with a pi of approximately 9.0 and were resistant to cefoxitin and cefotetan (mic ranges, 64 to > 128 and 16 to > 128 micrograms/ml, respectively). seventeen of the 18 strains produced multiple beta-lactamases. most significantly, three k. pneumoniae strains were also resistant to imipenem (mics, 8 to 32 micrograms/ml). spectrophotometric beta-lactamase assays with purified enzyme ... | 1997 | 9055993 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding the ampc beta-lactamase of morganella morganii. | the chromosomal beta-lactamase gene of a clinical isolate of morganella morganii was cloned in escherichia coli and sequenced. the beta-lactamase had a pi of 7.4 and conferred a typical ampc susceptibility pattern. the insert obtained was found to encode a protein of 379 amino acids. its deduced amino acid sequence revealed it to be a class c beta-lactamase: 39-56% identity with chromosomal ampc beta-lactamases of serratia marcescens, yersinia enterocolitica, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter c ... | 1997 | 9066104 |
| bactericidal activity of cefodizime on enterobacteriaceae in an in-vitro model simulating plasma pharmacokinetics in humans. | an in-vitro dialysis model was employed to assess the feasibility of once-daily dosing of cefodizime in the treatment of infections caused by various enterobacteriaceae: escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, morganella morganii, serratia marcescens, providencia stuartii and enterobacter cloacae. this model simulated the concentrations of cefodizime detected in human blood after an intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection of 1 g or 2 g of the antibiotic. validation of the model was undertaken to con ... | 1997 | 9069535 |
| cefepime and amikacin synergy against a cefotaxime-susceptible strain of enterobacter cloacae in vitro and in vivo. | we developed an experimental model of pneumonia to evaluate the efficacy of new antibiotic regimens against enterobacter cloacae. rats were infected by administering 8.5 log10 cfu e. cloacae intratracheally, and therapy was initiated 24 h later. at that time, animals' lungs showed bilateral pneumonia containing more than 7 log10 cfu/g of tissue. because rats eliminate amikacin and cefepime much more rapidly than humans, renal impairment was induced in all animals to simulate the pharmacokinetic ... | 1997 | 9096186 |
| antimicrobial resistance in isolates from inpatients and outpatients in the united states: increasing importance of the intensive care unit. | to compare the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals with that in the community, we analyzed data for isolates collected from inpatients and outpatients in eight u.s. hospitals. the percentage of resistant isolates from inpatients was higher than that from outpatients for the following combinations of antimicrobials and organisms: methicillin/coagulase-negative staphylococcus (49.0% vs. 36.0%, respectively; p < .01); methicillin/staphylococcus aureus (33.0% vs. 14.5%, respectively; ... | 1997 | 9114149 |
| isolation of an acanthamoeba strain with intracellular burkholderia pickettii infection. | burkholderia pickettii is a facultative pathogen that has been isolated from patient sources and environmental sources including respiratory therapy solutions, deionized water and aqueous disinfectants. the organism has been associated with septicemia and respiratory tract infections. in our investigation, burkholderia pickettii (biovar 2) was for the first time isolated from acanthamoeba sp. (group ii), a free living amoeba species recovered from the wet area of a physiotherapy unit. pathogenic ... | 1997 | 9144916 |
| a nosocomial outbreak due to enterobacter cloacae strains with the e. hormaechei genotype in patients treated with fluoroquinolones. | during a 7-month period, we isolated 21 highly fluoroquinolone-resistant enterobacter cloaecae strains in units from two hospitals in marseille, france. random amplification of polymorphic dna showed clonal identity between isolates which, furthermore, presented the enterobacter hormaechei genotype on dna-dna hybridization. the emergence of this clone was observed only in patients treated with fluoroquinolones. | 1997 | 9157119 |
| neonatal airway colonization with gram-negative bacilli: association with severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | airway colonization with gram-negative bacilli (gnb) and gram-positive cocci (gpc) is common in mechanically ventilated neonates. whether gnb are related to nosocomial bloodstream infection (bsi) and/or to the severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) is unknown. | 1997 | 9002095 |
| [development of resistance and utilization of fluoroquinolones in a university hospital]. | the results of a retrospective study in the faculty hospital, hradec králové (fhhk) show a steep increase in the consumption of fluoroquinolones in the course of six years. since 1989, when 360 defined daily doses (ddd) were administered, the consumption increased to 2,825 ddds in 1992 and 52,162 ddds in 1995. at the same time, resistance to ofloxacine and ciprofloxacine was increased many times in some bacterial species isolated from patients admitted to fhhk. in the strains pseudomonas aerugin ... | 1997 | 9600142 |
| in-vitro antimicrobial activity of hsr-903, a new fluoroquinolone, against clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae with fluoroquinolone resistance-associated amino acid alterations in gyra and parc. | 1997 | 9462448 | |
| reductive and hydrolytic activities of enteric bacteria on food colours. | reductive and hydrolytic activities on two food colours namely metanil yellow and indigo carmine by different strains of enteric bacteria were evaluated. enteric bacteria possessed both reductive and hydrolytic capabilities which depended upon the incubation period and the type of strain. in certain bacterial strains, (escherichia coli and vibrio sp.), reductive activity was visible after 3 hr. other enteric strains showed an increasing activity right from the beginning of incubation. enterobact ... | 1997 | 9475071 |
| [multiple organ failure with several weeks' persistence of ards: successful therapy with methylprednisolone]. | a 21-year-old female who had developed ileus underwent abdominal surgery for adhesiolysis. because of postoperative bleeding she required repeated surgical reexploration. subsequently, the patient developed abdominal sepsis (enterobacter cloacae) and, on day 11 of mechanical ventilation, severe adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards) (lung injury score 3.5, pao2/fio2 55 mmhg). despite clearing the abdominal situation, chest films showed persisting and new pulmonary infiltrates, leucocytosis, ... | 1997 | 9498890 |
| [occurrence and susceptibility of hospital strains producing enzymes with a wide spectrum of substrate profiles]. | in connection with more and more frequent occurrence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases an effort has been made to detect their presence in the biological materials coming from the patients of different wards of mining hospital in sosnowiec from january to september 1995. among 38 diagnostic materials, from which the strains in question were isolated, the following materials have been examined: bronchial lavage (52.6%), surgical wounds (18.4%), urines (15.8%) and others (13.2%). the examined d ... | 1997 | 9523463 |
| epidemiology and diagnosis of hiv-associated periodontal diseases. | a review of periodontal disease as a manifestation of hiv infection suggests a shift in emphasis over the past 5 years. initially the focus was on newly described forms of periodontal disease (i.e., hiv-associated gingivitis or linear gingival erythema (lge); hiv-associated periodontitis or necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (nup). while the clinical definition of lge varies from study to study, an association between lge and candida infection has been described. furthermore, the prevalence of ... | 1997 | 9456678 |
| [the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefozopran against clinically isolated bacteria]. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefozopran (czop) against recent clinical isolates was evaluated and compared with those of ceftazidime (caz), cefpirome (cpr), cefepime (cfpm), cefotaxime (ctx), sulbactam/cefoperazone (s/c), imipenem (ipm), oxacillin (mpipc), and flomoxef (fmox). mic80 values of czop for methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa, n = 41), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa, n = 57), streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 45), enterococus faecalis (n = 49), ... | 1997 | 9545668 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1995). i. susceptibility distribution]. | the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 704 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (utis) in 11 hospitals during the period of june 1995 to may 1996. of the above bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 29.8% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 70.2% and most of them were escherichia coli. susceptibilities of several isolated bacteria to anti ... | 1997 | 9575353 |
| eric-pcr typing profiles of enterobacter cloacae are stable after development of advanced cephalosporin resistance. | enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) sequence polymerase chain reaction genotype profiles of enterobacter cloacae were prepared for paired isolates which were obtained before and after the high level expression of the chromosomal cephalosporinase. these profiles were homologous within strain pairs which suggests that the acquired resistance does not lead to major chromosomal alterations. eric genotypes are therefore reliable markers in epidemiological investigations where antib ... | 1997 | 9552712 |
| dna-dependent rna polymerase from enterobacter cloacae is closely related to escherichia coli. | the rna polymerase holoenzyme (rnap) of enterobacter cloacae was purified by gel filtration and heparin affinity chromatography and shown to consist of four subunits (beta', beta, alpha and sigma) of 156, 151, 45 and 82 kda, as measured by sds-page. the 82 kda protein was shown to be related to the escherichia coli primary sigma factor by western blot analysis with polyclonal antisera raised against purified e. coli sigma 70. functional reconstitution of e. cloacae core enzyme with purified e. c ... | 1997 | 9570143 |
| [bacteremia after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with and without therapeutic procedure: frequency, associated factors and clinical significance]. | to determine the frequency, associate factors and clinical features of bacteremia in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp), with or without therapeutic procedures. | 1997 | 9595746 |
| in vitro activity of cefpirome against microorganisms isolated in haematology, oncology and intensive care units in switzerland. | the in vitro activity of cefpirome, a new parenteral fourth-generation cephalosporin, was investigated in the 5 university hospitals of switzerland, and compared to 9 other antibiotics mainly used in hospitals, such as ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, piperacillin, imipenem, gentamicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. a total number of 992 strains collected only from intensive care units and haematology-oncology units were tested by microdilution according to nccls. cefpirome showe ... | 1997 | 9571744 |
| immune responses in rhodnius prolixus: influence of nutrition and ecdysone. | starved larvae of rhodnius prolixus, when challenged with enterobacter cloacae b12, had their mortality related to their period of starvation. r. prolixus larvae fed on plasma alone, compared with insects fed on whole blood, had their immune reactivity affected as shown by: (i) a significant reduction in the ability to produce cecropin-like and lysozyme activities in the haemolymph when inoculated with e. cloacae; (ii) a reduction in numbers of haemocytes and nodule formation following challenge ... | 1997 | 12770413 |
| study of the comparative activity of piperacillin/tazobactam with currently available antibiotics against 8206 aerobic isolates. | to compare the activity of piperacillin-tazobactam with piperacillin and other parenterally administered antibiotics against aerobic gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci isolated from across canada, and to determine the prevalence of resistance mediated by extended-spectrum cephalosporinases. | 1997 | 22514487 |
| susceptibility of pseudomonas aeruginosa to a photodynamic effect of the arginine hematoporphyrin derivative. | the photodynamic effect of the arginine hematoporphyrin derivative (hpd-arg(2)) on the growth of selected pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates is described as compared to the effect of hematoporphyrin derivative (hpd). growth inhibition of hpd-arg(2) of three gram-positive strains (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and micrococcus luteus) and five laboratory strains of gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, p. aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter clo ... | 1997 | 18611781 |
| mechanisms of resistance to piperacillin of enterobacter cloacae strains differ by antibiotic prescription policy. | during a study of piperacillin resistance among aerobic gram-negative bacteria, 18 resistant strains of enterobacter cloacae were obtained from a general hospital in rotterdam and 13 from a university hospital in amsterdam. the patterns of antibiotic susceptibilities were different: the amsterdam strains were generally resistant to penicillins, the third generation cephalosporins and temocillin, whereas the rotterdam strains were more often sensitive to the third generation cephalosporins and te ... | 1997 | 18611803 |
| antimicrobial activity and durability of a novel antimicrobial-impregnated bladder catheter. | the main objective of this study was to examine the antimicrobial activity and durability of a novel indwelling bladder catheter impregnated with minocycline and rifampin. thirty antimicrobial-impregnated bladder catheters were inserted transurethrally in spinal cord-injured patients and removed, in six groups of five catheters each, at 3, 7, 10, 14, 17 or 21 days. removed catheters had detectable zones of inhibition against two different clinical isolates of each of the 10 tested uropathogens ( ... | 1997 | 18611809 |
| reduction of selenium oxyanions by enterobacter cloacae sld1a-1: isolation and growth of the bacterium and its expulsion of selenium particles. | a facultative bacterium capable of removing the selenium (se) oxyanions selenate (seo(inf4)(sup2-)) and selenite (seo(inf3)(sup2-)) from solution culture in flasks open to the atmosphere was isolated and studied with the goal of assessing its potential for use in bioremediation of seleniferous agricultural drainage water. elemental se (se(sup0)) was confirmed as a product of the reaction. the organism, identified as enterobacter cloacae and designated strain sld1a-1 (atcc 700258), removed from 6 ... | 1997 | 16535668 |
| nifl, an antagonistic regulator of nifa interacting with nifa. | nitrogen fixation (nif) genes of diazotrophic enteric bacteria,enterobacter cloacae orklebsiella pneumoniae, are regulated bynif la operon, in which thenif a product, nifa positively regulatesnif gene transcription, whereas the nifl product nifl represses it under oxygen or in excess of fixed nitrogen. two-hybrid system was used to detect the possible interaction between nifa and nifl. the preliminary results illustrate that nifl does interact with nifa. the interaction between nifl and ntrc has ... | 1998 | 18425637 |
| in vitro activities of membrane-active peptides against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic bacteria. | four peptides, cecropin p1, magainin ii, indolicidin, and ranalexin, were evaluated against 202 clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic bacteria by a microbroth dilution method. the gram-negative isolates were more susceptible to cecropin p1. ranalexin was the most active compound against the gram-positive strains. the bactericidal activity of each peptide was equivalent to, or 1 dilution above, the mic. in conclusion, the four peptides exhibited different in vitro activitie ... | 1998 | 9835539 |
| ciprofloxacin or imipenem use correlates with resistance in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | to investigate the relationship between ciprofloxacin or imipenem use and antimicrobial resistance in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 1998 | 22346558 |
| pmx-622 (polymyxin b-dextran 70) does not alter in vitro activities of 11 antimicrobial agents. | because of its capacity to neutralize the lethality of gram-negative bacterial endotoxic lipopolysaccharides, pmx-622 (polymyxin b bound to dextran 70) is being developed for possible adjunctive therapy of gram-negative sepsis. in this study, it was determined that the in vitro antimicrobial activity of pmx-622 was minimal and that it does not interfere with the in vitro antimicrobial activity of 11 antibiotics commonly used to treat gram-negative infections. | 1998 | 9756795 |
| imipenem and meropenem: comparison of in vitro activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials and adverse effects. | to compare and contrast imipenem and meropenem in terms of in vitro activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and adverse effects. | 1998 | 22346545 |
| in vitro activities of clinafloxacin against contemporary clinical bacterial isolates from 10 north american centers. | clinafloxacin was more active than ciprofloxacin against 4,213 aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacterial isolates from 10 medical centers, as tested by broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods. the percentage of 201 anaerobes susceptible to clinafloxacin by broth microdilution was comparable to cefoxitin. our data support the proposed disk diffusion interpretive criteria for aerobic bacteria with 5-microg clinafloxacin disks. | 1998 | 9593166 |
| double-blind evaluation of the safety and pharmacokinetics of multiple oral once-daily 750-milligram and 1-gram doses of levofloxacin in healthy volunteers. | the safety and pharmacokinetics of once-daily oral levofloxacin in 16 healthy male volunteers were investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. subjects were randomly assigned to the treatment (n = 10) or placebo group (n = 6). in study period 1, 750 mg of levofloxacin or a placebo was administered orally as a single dose on day 1, followed by a washout period on days 2 and 3; dosing resumed for days 4 to 10. following a 3-day washout period, 1 g of levofloxacin or a pla ... | 1998 | 9559801 |
| pharmacodynamic evaluation of factors associated with the development of bacterial resistance in acutely ill patients during therapy. | the selection of bacterial resistance was examined in relationship to antibiotic pharmacokinetics (pk) and organism mics in the patients from four nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection clinical trials. the evaluable database included 107 acutely ill patients, 128 pathogens, and five antimicrobial regimens. antimicrobial pharmacokinetics were characterized by using serum concentrations, and culture and sensitivity tests were performed daily on tracheal aspirates to examine resistance. phar ... | 1998 | 9517926 |
| cross-canada survey of resistance of 2747 aerobic blood culture isolates to piperacillin/tazobactam and other antibiotics. | to compare the activity of piperacillin/tazobactam with that of other broad parenteral antibiotics against aerobic and facultative anaerobic blood culture isolates in a canada-wide survey. | 1998 | 22346534 |
| earlier positivity of central-venous- versus peripheral-blood cultures is highly predictive of catheter-related sepsis. | to diagnose catheter-related sepsis without removing the catheter, we evaluated the differential positivity times of cultures of blood drawn simultaneously from central venous catheter and peripheral sites. in a 450-bed cancer reference center, simultaneous central- and peripheral-blood cultures were prospectively performed for patients with suspicion of catheter-related sepsis over an 18-month period. data for 64 patients for whom the same microorganisms were found when central- and peripheral- ... | 1998 | 9431930 |
| comparison of strategies using cefpirome and ceftazidime for empiric treatment of pneumonia in intensive care patients. the cefpirome pneumonia study group. | in an international, multicenter, open-label, randomized comparative study, adult patients in intensive care units were enrolled to receive cefpirome intravenously at 2 g twice daily or ceftazidime intravenously at 2 g three times daily for the empiric treatment of pneumonia. randomization was performed after a double stratification according to the investigator's initial choice of monotherapy or combination therapy and then on the basis of the severity of disease. the primary endpoint was the c ... | 1998 | 9449256 |
| comparison of vitek gni and gni+ cards for identification of gram-negative bacteria. | the gni+ card has been developed by biomerieux vitek as an improvement over the gni card for the identification of certain species of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. in this study, we tested 304 organisms from 30 different species on both the gni and gni+ cards. the gni card correctly identified 285 (93.8%) of the isolates tested, and the gni+ card correctly identified 287 (94.4%) of the isolates tested. the average time to reporting was 4.1 h for the gni+ card compared to 5.7 h for ... | 1998 | 9705437 |
| major facilitator superfamily. | the major facilitator superfamily (mfs) is one of the two largest families of membrane transporters found on earth. it is present ubiquitously in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya and includes members that can function by solute uniport, solute/cation symport, solute/cation antiport and/or solute/solute antiport with inwardly and/or outwardly directed polarity. all homologous mfs protein sequences in the public databases as of january 1997 were identified on the basis of sequence similarity and sho ... | 1998 | 9529885 |
| comparative activities of clinafloxacin against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. | activities of clinafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, trovafloxacin, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ceftazidime, and imipenem against 354 ciprofloxacin-susceptible and -intermediate-resistant organisms were tested by agar dilution. clinafloxacin yielded the lowest quinolone mics (< or = 0.5 microg/ml against ciprofloxacin-susceptible organisms and < or = 16.0 microg/ml against ciprofloxacin-intermediate-resistant organisms) compared to tho ... | 1998 | 9593165 |
| kinship and diversification of bacterial penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactamases. | 1998 | 9449253 | |
| analysis of the dynamics of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of the chrysanthemum via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and substrate utilization patterns | in order to gain a better understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of bacterial communities of the rhizosphere of the chrysanthemum, two complementary methods were used: a molecular bacterial community profiling method, i.e., 16s rrna gene-based pcr followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), and an agar plate method in which 11 sole-carbon-source utilization tests were used. the dgge patterns showed that the bacterial communities as determined from direct rhizosphere d ... | 1998 | 9835588 |
| aerobic growth on nitroglycerin as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source by a mixed bacterial culture. | nitroglycerin (glycerol trinitrate [gtn]), an explosive and vasodilatory compound, was metabolized by mixed microbial cultures from aeration tank sludge previously exposed to gtn. aerobic enrichment cultures removed gtn rapidly in the absence of a supplemental carbon source. complete denitration of gtn, provided as the sole c and n source, was observed in aerobic batch cultures and proceeded stepwise via the dinitrate and mononitrate isomers, with successive steps occurring at lower rates. the d ... | 1998 | 9726874 |
| analysis of biolog gn substrate utilization patterns by microbial communities. | biolog gn plates are increasingly used to characterize microbial communities by determining the ability of the communities to oxidize various carbon sources. studies were done to determine whether the biolog gn plate assay accurately reflects the catabolic potential of the inoculum used. to gain insight into which populations of microbial communities contribute to the biolog patterns, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (tgge) were used to assess ... | 1998 | 16349535 |
| pharmacokinetics in vivo and pharmacodynamics ex vivo/in vitro of meropenem and cefpirome in the yucatan micropig model: continuous infusion versus intermittent injection. | objective: to investigate the pharmacodynamic disposition of two recently developed beta-lactam antibiotics, meropenem and cefpirome, in the yucatan micropig model, and to compare the bactericidal activity of these drugs against bacteria in this in vitro/ex vivo micropig model after administration by both intermittent injection and continuous infusion. methods: cefpirome (1 g) was given to the micropig over a 12-h period by direct intravenous injection and 6-h continuous infusion (500 mg). merop ... | 1998 | 11864228 |
| prevalence of stably derepressed class i beta-lactamase in multiresistant clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae in two hungarian hospitals. | 1998 | 11864236 | |
| in vitro selective concentrations of cefepime and ceftazidime for ampc beta-lactamase hyperproducer enterobacter cloacae variants. | methods: a mixed culture of a wild-type ceftazidime/cefepime-susceptible (4x107 cfu/ml) strain and an ampc derepressed enterobacter cloacae (105 cfu/ml) strain (relative proportions 99.75% and 0.25%) was challenged for 4 h with different antibiotic concentrations of ceftazidime and cefepime (0.03-4096 mg/l), and then transferred to drug-free medium. the proportion of wild-type versus derepressed population was evaluated after 24 h. results: ceftazidime and cefepime selected the derepressed varia ... | 1998 | 11864247 |
| mechanisms of quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae. | objective: to study and evaluate changes in the gyra gene and the outer-membrane protein patterns in relation to evolution of resistance against the quinolones in enterobacter cloacae. methods: strains expressing gyra-mediated quinolone resistance become susceptible to quinolones upon insertion of the plasmid pnjr3-2. this plasmid (containing wild-type escherichia coli quinolone-susceptible dna gyrase a subunits) and pla2917 (the vector) were introduced into 10 resistant or moderately susceptibl ... | 1998 | 11864290 |
| overproduction of l-cysteine and l-cystine by escherichia coli strains with a genetically altered serine acetyltransferase. | organisms that overproduced l-cysteine and l-cystine from glucose were constructed by using escherichia coli k-12 strains. cyse genes coding for altered serine acetyltransferase, which was genetically desensitized to feedback inhibition by l-cysteine, were constructed by replacing the methionine residue at position 256 of the serine acetyltransferase protein with 19 other amino acid residues or the termination codon to truncate the carboxy terminus from amino acid residues 256 to 273 through sit ... | 1998 | 9572924 |
| persistence of a multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa clone in an intensive care burn unit. | long-term colonization of various body sites with a multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa clone (resistant to piperacillin, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem, cefepime, cefpirome, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, minocycline, and aminoglycosides) with subsequent severe infections in burn patients has not been reported previously. thirty-nine isolates of multidrug-resistant p. aeruginosa (resistant to ceftazidime and at least three of the agents listed above) recovered from various cli ... | 1998 | 9574703 |
| a six-domain structural model for escherichia coli translation initiation factor if2. characterisation of twelve surface epitopes. | the escherichia coli translation initiation factor if2 is a 97 kda protein which interacts with the initiator fmet-trnafmet, gtp and the ribosomal subunits during initiation of protein biosynthesis. for structural and functional investigations of the factor, we have raised and characterised monoclonal antibodies against e. coli if2. twelve epitopes have been localised at the surface of the protein molecule by three different methods: interactions of the monoclonal antibodies with nested deletion ... | 1998 | 9861457 |
| mechanism of inhibition of tannic acid and related compounds on the growth of intestinal bacteria. | tannic acid, propyl gallate and methyl gallate, but not gallic acid, were found to be inhibitory to the growth of intestinal bacteria bacteroides fragilis atcc 25285, clostridium clostridiiforme atcc 25537, c. perfringens atcc 13124, c. paraputrificum atcc 25780, escherichia coli atcc 25922, enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047, salmonella typhimurium ta98 and s. typhimurium yg1041 at 100-1000 microg/ml in culture broth. neither bifidobacterium infantis atcc 15697 nor lactobacillus acidophilus atcc 4 ... | 1998 | 9862646 |
| infective endocarditis in the premature neonate. | we describe a series of 11 high-risk neonates with infective endocarditis (ie) in this retrospective review. previously ie has rarely been diagnosed in newborns and is usually fatal. the frequency was 4.3 cases per 100 patients. five patients survived. microorganisms included gram positives such as s. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus, gram negatives such as klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, enterococcus faecalis, serratia marcescens, and acinetobacter calcoaceticus. echoca ... | 1998 | 9864649 |
| isolation and characterization of enterobacter cloacae capable of metabolizing asparagine. | a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium capable of utilizing l-asparagine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen was isolated from soil and identified as enterobacter cloacae. an intracellularly expressed l-asparaginase was detected and it deaminated l-asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia. high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of a cell-free asparaginase reaction mixture indicated that 2.8 mm l-asparagine was hydrolyzed to 2.2 and 2.8 mm aspartic acid and ammonia, respectively, within ... | 1998 | 9866175 |
| enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infections associated with contaminated prefilled saline syringes--california, november 1998. | 1998 | 9867522 | |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa lasr transcription correlates with the transcription of lasa, lasb, and toxa in chronic lung infections associated with cystic fibrosis. | the role of pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing systems in the lung infections associated with cystic fibrosis (cf) has not been examined. the purpose of this study was to determine if genes regulated by the lasr-lasi quorum-sensing system were coordinately regulated by the p. aeruginosa populations during the lung infections associated with cf. we also wanted to ascertain if there was a relationship between the expression of lasr, a transcriptional regulator, and some p. aeruginosa virulence ... | 1998 | 9596711 |
| characterization of the type 3 fimbrial adhesins of klebsiella strains. | the klebsiella pneumoniae fimbrial adhesin, mrkd, mediates adherence to the basolateral surfaces of renal and pulmonary epithelia and to the basement membranes of tissues. although all isolates possessing the mrkd adhesin mediate the agglutination, in vitro, of erythrocytes treated with tannic acid, the mrkd gene is not conserved within species. the ability of a plasmid-borne mrkd gene product to mediate binding to type v collagen is associated frequently with strains of k. oxytoca and rarely wi ... | 1998 | 9596764 |
| comparison of in vitro activity of trovafloxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms with quinolones and beta-lactam antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of trovafloxacin against 721 gram-negative and 498 gram-positive organisms was determined by the standard microdilution broth method using commercially prepared frozen microtiter plates. the activity of trovafloxacin was compared to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam (1:1), piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, and imipenem. trovafloxacin had equal or greater activity compared with the other agents tested against citrobacter diversus, en ... | 1998 | 9597391 |
| resistance to oxyimino beta-lactams due to a mutation of chromosomal beta-lactamase in citrobacter freundii. | the duplicative mutation of an ala-val-arg sequence at positions 208 to 210 in the loop structure of enterobacter cloacae class c beta-lactamase caused substrate specificity extension to oxyimino beta-lactam antibiotics and this chromosomal mutation provided bacterial cells with high resistance to the beta-lactams (m. nukaga et al, 1995, j. biol. chem. 270, 5729-5735). in order to confirm the universality of this phenomenon among other class c beta-lactamases, the duplicative mutation was applie ... | 1998 | 9570281 |
| therapeutic effects of monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates in combination with a nitrogen mustard anticancer prodrug in models of human renal cell carcinoma. | a panel of 13 renal cell carcinoma cell lines was evaluated for the expression of antigens recognized by the l6 and l49 monoclonal antibodies. all of the cell lines were strongly positive for the l6 antigen, and 9/13 bound 96.5, which, like the l49 monoclonal antibody, recognizes the p97 melanotransferrin antigen. the l6 and l49 antibodies were chemically conjugated to enterobacter cloacae beta-lactamase (bl), and their abilities to effect site-selective anticancer prodrug activation on two of t ... | 1998 | 9554883 |
| cefepime versus ceftriaxone for empiric treatment of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. the cefepime study group. | effective empiric treatment of pneumonia requires antibiotic coverage against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, including drug-resistant isolates. we compared the safety and efficacy of intravenous (i.v.) cefepime (2 g administered every 12 h) to those of i.v. ceftriaxone (1 g administered every 12 h) for the empiric treatment of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. of the 115 patients randomized to the study, 86 (cefepime recipients, n = 40; ceftriaxone recipients, ... | 1998 | 9559773 |
| haemolymph and fat body metallo-protease associated with enterobacter cloacae infection in the bloodsucking insect, rhodnius prolixus. | analysis of zymograms with sds-polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis containing gelatin as substrate, and performed on samples of haemolymph or fat body taken from rhodnius prolixus inoculated or not with enterobacter cloacae, demonstrated distinct patterns of protease activities: (i) in the haemolymph two proteases were induced in insects inoculated with bacteria; (ii) two proteases were detected in the fat bodies derived from non-inoculated controls or insect inoculated with sterile culture mediu ... | 1998 | 9921310 |
| changes in the incidence and etiological patterns of bacteremia associated with acute leukemia over a 25-year period. | during the 25-year period from 1972-1996, 360 episodes of bacteremia occurred in 248 (45%) of a total of 548 patients with acute leukemia on our hematology ward, with the rate of occurrence remaining almost unchanged. patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, however, had a significant decrease in the incidence of bacteremia during the last 5-year period. gram-negative bacilli decreased in relative frequency from 64% for the first 15-year period to 40% for the last 5-year period, whereas gram ... | 1998 | 9932631 |
| in vitro activity of meropenem against common pathogenic bacteria isolated in taiwan. | the in vitro antimicrobial activity of meropenem, in comparison with nine other antimicrobial agents, against 12 different common pathogenic bacteria were evaluated to know the susceptibility of common bacteria to meropenem in taiwan. meropenem was active against most gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria, including methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas ... | 1998 | 9934544 |
| [survey of the sensitivities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents (annual report)]. | research groups were formed in 21 institutions nationwide to investigate carbapenem resistance. the activities of various antibacterial agents, principally carbapenems were tested against clinical isolates collected from these institutions. the broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 17 antibacterial agents for 1,282 strains of 11 bacterial species isolated at all institutions between october and december 1995. the results were as follows: ... | 1998 | 9575436 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1996). i. susceptibility distribution]. | the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 680 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (utis) in 10 hospitals during the period of june 1996 to may 1997. of the above bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 30.4% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 69.6% and most of them were escherichia coli. susceptabilities of several isolated bacteria to anti ... | 1998 | 9575437 |
| cefepime and amikacin synergy in vitro and in vivo against a ceftazidime-resistant strain of enterobacter cloacae. | the activities of cefepime and amikacin alone or in combination against an isogenic pair of enterobacter cloacae strains (wild type and stably derepressed, ceftazidime-resistant mutant) were compared using an experimental model of pneumonia in non-leucopenic rats. animals were infected by administering 8.4 log10 cfu of e. cloacae intratracheally, and therapy was initiated 12 h later. at that time, the animals' lungs showed bilateral pneumonia and contained more than 7 log10 e. cloacae cfu/g tiss ... | 1998 | 9578163 |
| structural and functional implications of sequence diversity of pseudomonas aeruginosa genes oric, ampc and flic. | sequence analysis of three representative gene loci, oric, ampc and flic, in 19 pseudomonas aeruginosa strains revealed a low sequence diversity that does not correlate with the extensive diversity of p. aeruginosa habitats. single point mutations lead to a mean sequence diversity of 0.40%, 0.38% and 0.59% for oric, ampc and a-type flic, respectively, but of only 0.05% for b-type flagellin genes. the analyzed genes encode highly conserved functions that are subject to strong selective pressure. ... | 1998 | 9588800 |
| a237t as a modulating mutation in naturally occurring extended-spectrum tem-type beta-lactamases. | a tem-1 beta-lactamase derivative containing the single amino acid substitution a237t slightly increased (from 24 to 32 microg/ml) the cephalothin mic for escherichia coli ryc1000 but did not influence the activities of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and aztreonam (mics of 0.03, 0.12, and 0.06 microg/ml, respectively). despite its apparent neutrality, addition of the a237t mutation to the pair of mutations characterizing tem-10 (r164s and e240k) had a strong effect on substrate preference. ceftazidime ... | 1998 | 9593123 |
| chromosomally encoded ampc-type beta-lactamase in a clinical isolate of proteus mirabilis. | a clinical strain of proteus mirabilis (cf09) isolated from urine specimens of a patient displayed resistance to amoxicillin (mic >4,096 microg/ml), ticarcillin (4,096 microg/ml), cefoxitin (64 microg/ml), cefotaxime (256 microg/ml), and ceftazidime (128 microg/ml) and required an elevated mic of aztreonam (4 microg/ml). clavulanic acid did not act synergistically with cephalosporins. two beta-lactamases with apparent pis of 5.6 and 9.0 were identified by isoelectric focusing on a gel. substrate ... | 1998 | 9593136 |
| interactions of beta-lactamases with sanfetrinem (gv 104326) compared to those with imipenem and with oral beta-lactams. | sanfetrinem is a trinem beta-lactam which can be administered orally as a hexatil ester. we examined whether its beta-lactamase interactions resembled those of the available carbapenems, i.e., stable to ampc and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases but labile to class b and functional group 2f enzymes. the comparator drugs were imipenem, oral cephalosporins, and amoxicillin. mics were determined for beta-lactamase expression variants, and hydrolysis was examined directly with representative enzymes ... | 1998 | 9593145 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of msi-78, a magainin analog. | msi-78 is a cationic peptide with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and is being developed as a topical agent. we compared the in vitro activity of msi-78 with those of ofloxacin and other antibiotics against fresh clinical isolates. based on mic distribution statistics, strains for which the msi-78 mic was < or = 64 micro/ml were assumed to be susceptible for purposes of this report. of 411 aerobic isolates tested, 91% were susceptible to msi-78, compared to 91% for ofloxacin and 92% for ci ... | 1998 | 9593152 |
| meropenem versus cefuroxime plus gentamicin for treatment of serious infections in elderly patients. | in this multicenter study, the efficacy of and tolerability for meropenem were compared with those for the combination of cefuroxime-gentamicin (+/- metronidazole) for the treatment of serious bacterial infections in patients > or = 65 years of age. a total of 79 patients were randomized; thirty-nine received meropenem (1 g/8 h), and 40 received cefuroxime (1.5 g/8 h) plus gentamicin (4 mg/kg of body weight daily) for 5 to 10 days. metronidazole (500 mg/6 h) could be added to the cefuroxime-gent ... | 1998 | 9593156 |
| antibacterial activities and inhibitory effects of sitafloxacin (du-6859a) and its optical isomers against type ii topoisomerases. | the in vitro inhibitory effects of sitafloxacin (du-6859a) and its three stereoisomers on bacterial dna gyrase from escherichia coli, topoisomerase iv from staphylococcus aureus, and topoisomerase ii from human placenta were compared. no correlation was observed between the inhibitory activities of quinolones against bacterial type ii topoisomerases and those against human topoisomerase ii. sitafloxacin showed the most potent inhibitory activities against bacterial type ii topoisomerases and the ... | 1998 | 9593169 |
| self-transmissible mercury resistance plasmids with gene-mobilizing capacity in soil bacterial populations: influence of wheat roots and mercury addition. | a set of mercury resistance plasmids was obtained from wheat rhizosphere soil amended or not amended with mercuric chloride via exogenous plasmid isolation by using pseudomonas fluorescens r2f, pseudomonas putida uwc1, and enterobacter cloacae be1 as recipient strains. the isolation frequencies were highest from soil amended with high levels of mercury, and the isolation frequencies from unamended soil were low. with p. putida uwc1 as the recipient, the isolation frequency was significantly enha ... | 1998 | 9546155 |
| in vitro activity of enoxacin versus ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, and rufloxacin against uropathogens. | minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin and rufloxacin were determined against 400 uropathogens cultured from the urine of patients with complicated and/or hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (uti) using an agar dilution method. the bacterial spectrum consisted of entero-bacteriaceae (34.5%), enterococci (31.5%), staphylococci (21.2%) and non-fermenting bacteria (12.8%). enoxacin inhibited all but one strain (ente ... | 1998 | 9551236 |
| microbiological and clinical aspects of infection associated with stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | the gram-negative bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly recognized as an important cause of nosocomial infection. infection occurs principally, but not exclusively, in debilitated and immunosuppressed individuals. management of s. maltophilia-associated infection is problematic because many strains of the bacterium manifest resistance to multiple antibiotics. these difficulties are compounded by methodological problems in in vitro susceptibility testing for which there are, as y ... | 1998 | 9457429 |
| aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase variants of the ib type with altered substrate profile in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. | three clinical isolates, enterobacter cloacae ec1562 and ec1563 and citrobacter freundii cfr564, displayed an aminoglycoside resistance profile evocative of low-level 6'-n acetyltransferase type ii [aac(6')-ii] production, which conferred reduced susceptibility to gentamicin but not to amikacin or isepamicin. aminoglycoside acetyltransferase assays suggested the synthesis in the three strains of an aac(6') which acetylated amikacin practically as well as it acetylated gentamicin in vitro. both c ... | 1998 | 9527761 |
| differential release of lipoteichoic and teichoic acids from streptococcus pneumoniae as a result of exposure to beta-lactam antibiotics, rifamycins, trovafloxacin, and quinupristin-dalfopristin. | the release of lipoteichoic acid (lta) and teichoic acid (ta) from a streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 strain during exposure to ceftriaxone, meropenem, rifampin, rifabutin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and trovafloxacin in tryptic soy broth was monitored by a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. at a concentration of 10 microg/ml, a rapid and intense release of lta and ta occurred during exposure to ceftriaxone (3,248+/-1,688 ng/ml at 3 h and 3,827+/-2,133 ng/ml at 12 h) and meropenem ... | 1998 | 9527772 |
| beta-lactamase inhibitors are substrates for the multidrug efflux pumps of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the mexab-oprm multidrug efflux system exports a number of antimicrobial compounds, including beta-lactams. in an attempt to define more fully the range of antimicrobial compounds exported by this system, and, in particular, to determine whether beta-lactamase inhibitors were also accommodated by the mexab-oprm pump, the influence of pump status (its presence or absence) on the intrinsic antibacterial activities of these compounds and on their abilities to enhance beta-lactam susceptibility in i ... | 1998 | 9527793 |