| contribution of beta-lactamases to beta-lactam susceptibilities of susceptible and multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. | the beta-lactamases in 154 clinical mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were studied. susceptibilities to beta-lactam antibiotics, their combination with clavulanate (2:1), and two fluoroquinolones were determined in 24 m. tuberculosis strains susceptible to antimycobacterial drugs and in nine multiresistant strains. all 154 m. tuberculosis isolates showed a single chromosomal beta-lactamase pattern (pi 4.9 and 5.1). m. tuberculosis beta-lactamase hydrolyzes cefotaxime with a maximum rate of 22.5 ... | 1998 | 9624510 |
| overexpression, isotopic labeling, and spectral characterization of enterobacter cloacae nitroreductase. | bacterial nitroreductases have generated much interest recently due to their central roles in both nitroaromatic bioremediation and nitroaromatic toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. enterobacter cloacae nitroreductase (nr) has been subcloned into the pet overexpression system and purified to homogeneity via a four-step procedure resulting in a final yield of 65.7 mg per liter. overexpression in minimal media containing 15nh4cl as the sole source of nitrogen yielded 37.6 mg per liter of ... | 1998 | 9631515 |
| identification and sequence analysis of a 27-kilobase chromosomal fragment containing a salmonella pathogenicity island located at 92 minutes on the chromosome map of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2. | using a genomic approach, we have identified a new salmonella pathogenicity island, spi-4, which is the fourth salmonella pathogenicity island to be identified. spi-4 was located at 92 min on the chromosome map and was flanked by the ssb and soxsr loci. the dna sequence covering the entire spi-4 and both boundaries was determined. the size of spi-4 was about 25 kb and it contains 18 putative open reading frames (orfs). three of these orfs encode proteins that have significant homology with prote ... | 1998 | 9632606 |
| cloning, sequencing, and phenotypic characterization of the rpos gene from pseudomonas putida kt2440. | a gene homologous to the rpos gene of escherichia coli was cloned from a pseudomonas putida kt2440 gene bank by complementation of the rpos-deficient strain e. coli zk918. the rpos gene of p. putida complemented the acid sensitivity and catalase deficiency of the rpos mutant of e. coli and stimulated expression of the rpos-controlled promoter, bolap1. the gene was sequenced and found to be highly similar to the rpos genes of other gram-negative bacteria. like in other gram-negative bacteria, a h ... | 1998 | 9642197 |
| mutants of citrobacter freundii that transport and utilize melibiose. | we have isolated mutants of citrobacter freundii that can grow on melibiose. inducible alpha-galactosidase activity and melibiose transport activity were detected in the mutant cells but not in the wild-type cells. we detected a dna region which hybridized with melb (the gene for the melibiose transporter) dna of escherichia coli in the chromosomal dna of wild-type c. freundii. protons, but not sodium ions, were found to be the coupling cations for melibiose (and methyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside) t ... | 1998 | 9642207 |
| mycotic aneurysm in a free flap. | a 41-year-old man developed a 3 x 4 cm wound after corrective osteotomies of his distal tibia and fibula. the wound was debrided and covered with a free gracilis muscle flap. seven days after flap transfer, the arterial pedicle ruptured adjacent to the anastomosis. attempted repair of the aneurysm failed and the graft was subsequently debrided. intraoperative wound cultures grew pseudomonas and enterobacter cloacae, which were attributed to formation of the aneurysm. | 1998 | 9646374 |
| intergeneric transfer of conjugative and mobilizable plasmids harbored by escherichia coli in the gut of the soil microarthropod folsomia candida (collembola). | the gut of the soil microarthropod folsomia candida provides a habitat for a high density of bacterial cells (t. thimm, a. hoffmann, h. borkott, j. c. munch, and c. c. tebbe, appl. environ. microbiol. 64:2660-2669, 1998). we investigated whether these gut bacteria act as recipients for plasmids from escherichia coli. filter mating with e. coli donor cells and collected feces of f. candida revealed that the broad-host-range conjugative plasmid prp4-luc (prp4 with a luciferase marker gene) transfe ... | 1998 | 9647844 |
| bacteremia in patients with hematologic malignancies. | the decision regarding the appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy for bacteremia in patients with hematologic malignancies must be individualized in each institution, by taking into account variations in the patterns of microbial isolates and their resistance profiles. microbial isolates and antibiotic resistance patterns must be taken into account at each hospital. a shift from bacteremia due to infections caused by predominantly gram-negative organisms to predominantly gram-positive organism ... | 1998 | 9650469 |
| molecular epidemiological study of nosocomial enterobacter aerogenes isolates in a belgian hospital. | in 1995, the rate of isolation of enterobacter aerogenes in the saint-pierre university hospital in brussels, belgium, was higher than that in the preceding years. a total of 45 nosocomial e. aerogenes strains were collected from 33 patients of different units during that year, and they were isolated from 19 respiratory specimens, 13 pus specimens, 7 blood specimens, 4 urinary specimens, 1 catheter specimen, and 1 heparin vial. the strains were analyzed to determine their epidemiological related ... | 1998 | 9650923 |
| evaluation of the vitek 2 system for rapid identification of medically relevant gram-negative rods. | the new vitek 2 system (biomérieux) was evaluated at two independent sites with the identification card for gram-negative bacilli (id-gnb card). of the 845 strains tested, which represented 70 different taxa belonging to either the family enterobacteriaceae or the nonenteric bacilli, 716 (84.7%) were correctly identified at the species level. thirty-two (3.8%) additional strains were identified to the species level after the performance of simple, rapid manual tests (oxidase, hemolysis, indole r ... | 1998 | 9650942 |
| [legionella pneumonia caused by aspiration of hot spring water after sarin exposure]. | a 72-year-old man was exposed to the sarin gas attack in a tokyo subway on march 20 th, 1995. after exposure, he noticed eye discomfort, chest tightness, headache and weakness of the lower limbs and oropharyngeal muscles. despite these symptoms, he visited a hot spring on the same day with his family. on march 25 th, his muscle weakness progressed, and a low grade fever appeared. his muscle weakness disappeared 8 days after exposure to sarin, but respiratory failure rapidly developed, necessitat ... | 1998 | 9656677 |
| cefepime-aztreonam: a unique double beta-lactam combination for pseudomonas aeruginosa. | an in vitro pharmacokinetic model was used to determine if aztreonam could enhance the pharmacodynamics of cefepime or ceftazidime against an isogenic panel of pseudomonas aeruginosa 164, including wild-type (wt), partially derepressed (pd), and fully derepressed (fd) phenotypes. logarithmic-phase cultures were exposed to peak concentrations achieved in serum with 1- or 2-g intravenous doses, elimination pharmacokinetics were simulated, and viable bacterial counts were measured over three 8-h do ... | 1998 | 9660993 |
| outer membrane profiles of clonally related klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from clinical samples and activities of cephalosporins and carbapenems. | fifteen isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) isolated during a nosocomial outbreak were studied. the strains belonged to the same clonal type, as shown by pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis of chromosomal dna. all the isolates were resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, aztreonam, gentamicin, and fluoroquinolones and were susceptible to carbapenems, tobramycin, netilmicin, and amikacin. none of the isolates expressed the ompk36 pori ... | 1998 | 9660996 |
| bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with bloodstream infection: frequencies of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (united states and canada, 1997). | the sentry program was established in january 1997 to measure the predominant pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns of nosocomial and community-acquired infections over a broad network of sentinel hospitals in the united states (30 sites), canada (8 sites), south america (10 sites), and europe (24 sites). during the first 6-month study period (january to june 1997), a total of 5,058 bloodstream infections (bsi) were reported by north american sentry participants (4,119 from the united ... | 1998 | 9661018 |
| reconstituted recombinant factor viii can be safely infused continuously for at least three days: it is a poor microbial growth medium. | reconstituted recombinant factor viii (fviiirec) loses little biologic activity at room temperature for up to seven days and continuous infusion is convenient, effective hemostatically and requires less fviiirec concentrate than treatment by conventional bolus injections. however, the potential for bacterial contamination, with proliferation to high levels that can cause bacteremia, is a concern with continuous infusion. we studied the growth properties at 4, 25 and 35 degrees c in reconstituted ... | 1998 | 9663704 |
| pathogenesis and diagnosis of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli infections. | since their initial recognition 20 years ago, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains have emerged as an important cause of serious human gastrointestinal disease, which may result in life-threatening complications such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome. food-borne outbreaks of stec disease appear to be increasing and, when mass-produced and mass-distributed foods are concerned, can involve large numbers of people. development of therapeutic and preventative strategies to combat stec di ... | 1998 | 9665978 |
| enzyme immunoassay detecting teichoic and lipoteichoic acids versus cerebrospinal fluid culture and latex agglutination for diagnosis of streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. | a newly developed enzyme immunoassay (eia) was used to detect the presence of pneumococcal teichoic and lipoteichoic acids in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from patients with streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis who were being treated with antibiotics. all initial csf samples, which on culture grew s. pneumoniae, were positive in the eia. a total of 14 subsequent culture-negative samples gave clear signals in the eia up to day 15 after the onset of antibiotic treatment. for 11 csf specimens, culture, ... | 1998 | 9666020 |
| effect of an amino acid insertion into the omega loop region of a class c beta-lactamase on its substrate specificity. | the extended-substrate specificity of enterobacter cloacae gc1 beta-lactamase is entirely due to a three amino acid insertion after position 207. to clarify the reason for the extended-substrate specificity, ala, ala-ala, ala-ala-ala, and ala-ala-ala-ala were inserted after position 207 on the basis of the class c beta-lactamase from e. cloacae p99, respectively. the kcat and km values of all the mutant enzymes for cephalothin, benzylpenicillin and ampicillin were almost the same as those of the ... | 1998 | 9671516 |
| sparfloxacin vs ofloxacin in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, comparative study. sparfloxacin multicenter abecb study group. | comparison of efficacy and safety of sparfloxacin vs ofloxacin for treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (abecb). | 1998 | 9674458 |
| the regulated outer membrane protein omp21 from comamonas acidovorans is identified as a member of a new family of eight-stranded beta-sheet proteins by its sequence and properties. | omp21, a minor outer membrane protein of the soil bacterium comamonas acidovorans, was purified from a spontaneous mutant lacking a surface layer and long-chain lipopolysaccharide. omp21 synthesis is enhanced by oxygen depletion, and the protein has a variable electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis due to its heat-modifiable behavior. the structural gene omp21 encodes a precursor of 204 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 21 amino acids. m ... | 1998 | 9683466 |
| pancreatic fluid collections: diagnostic and therapeutic implications of percutaneous drainage guided by ultrasound. | the aim of the present study is to assess the usefulness of biochemical and bacteriological analysis of the pancreatic fluid obtained at percutaneous drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts and abscesses guided by ultrasound. | 1998 | 9684149 |
| in vivo activity and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a novel long-acting carbapenem antibiotic, mk-826 (l-749,345). | mk-826 (formerly l-749,345), is a potent 1-beta-methyl carbapenem with a long half-life and broad spectrum of activity. this compound is presently in phase-ii clinical trials. its activity against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms was compared to those of imipenem (ipm) and eight other beta-lactam agents in two in vivo murine infection models. the distribution in tissue and pharmacokinetic properties of mk-826 and ceftriaxone (ctrx) were also evaluated in cd-1 mice following ... | 1998 | 9687396 |
| rapid detection and evaluation of clinical characteristics of emerging multiple-drug-resistant gram-negative rods carrying the metallo-beta-lactamase gene blaimp. | gram-negative rods (gnr) carrying the transferable carbapenem resistance gene blaimp, including pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens, have been isolated from more than 20 hospitals in japan. although the emergence of such multiple-drug-resistant bacteria is of utmost clinical concern, little information in regard to the distribution of blaimp-positive gnr in hospitals and the clinical characteristics of infected patients is available. to address this, a system for the rapid detection o ... | 1998 | 9687398 |
| aerobic degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by enterobacter cloacae pb2 and by pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase. | enterobacter cloacae pb2 was originally isolated on the basis of its ability to utilize nitrate esters, such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate (petn) and glycerol trinitrate, as the sole nitrogen source for growth. the enzyme responsible is an nadph-dependent reductase designated petn reductase. e. cloacae pb2 was found to be capable of slow aerobic growth with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) as the sole nitrogen source. dinitrotoluenes were not produced and could not be used as nitrogen sources. puri ... | 1998 | 9687442 |
| activity of cefepime compared with other antibiotics against gram-positive bacteria and cefuroxime-resistant gram-negative bacteria. | cefepime is a new, parenteral, fourth-generation antibiotic that is stable in the presence of bush group 1 beta-lactamases. in vitro activity of cefepime, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and imipenem against gram-positive cocci and cefuroxime-resistant gram-negative bacilli was studied. | 1998 | 9699393 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of clinical strains of cdc group ivc-2. | cdc group ivc-2 is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative bacillus that has been implicated in human infections, including septicemia and peritonitis. biochemically it most closely resembles bordetella bronchiseptica and alcaligenes sp. results of cellular fatty acid (cfa) and 16s rrna gene analysis were combined with biochemical data to assist in identification and classification. the predominant cfas were hexadecanoic acid (16:0), cis-9-hexadecanoic acid (16:1omega7c), cis-11-octad ... | 1998 | 9705403 |
| controlled comparative evaluation of bact/alert fan and esp 80a aerobic media as means for detecting bacteremia and fungemia. | during a one-year period, a total of 6,305 blood cultures were processed in a tertiary-care teaching hospital; 6 to 12 ml of blood was inoculated into both a bact/alert fan aerobic bottle and an esp 80a aerobic bottle. the fan aerobic bottle contains an antimicrobial-absorbing material; the 80a aerobic bottle does not. bottles were processed on their respective continuous-monitoring blood culture instruments for up to five days of incubation. four hundred thirty-three cultures (6.9%) representin ... | 1998 | 9705414 |
| a peptidoglycan recognition protein in innate immunity conserved from insects to humans. | innate nonself recognition must rely on common structures of invading microbes. in a differential display screen for up-regulated immune genes in the moth trichoplusia ni we have found mechanisms for recognition of bacterial cell wall fragments. one bacteria-induced gene encodes a protein that, after expression in the baculovirus system, was shown to be a peptidoglycan recognition protein (pgrp). it binds strongly to gram-positive bacteria. we have also cloned the corresponding cdna from mouse a ... | 1998 | 9707603 |
| induction of beta-lactamase in enterobacter cloacae. | beta-lactamase induction in enterobacter cloacae, which is linked to peptidoglycan recycling, was investigated with use of high-performance liquid chromatography of cell wall fragments in genetically defined cells of escherichia coli. after treatment of cells with beta-lactams, we detected in the periplasm an increase of d-tripeptide (n-acetylglucosaminyl-1,6 anhydro n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid), d-tetrapeptide (n-acetylglucosaminyl-1, 6 anhydro n-acetylmuramyl-l ... | 1998 | 9710670 |
| trends in beta-lactam resistance among enterobacteriaceae. | beta-lactam resistance among enterobacteriaceae is related primarily to the emergence of novel beta-lactamases. the class a extended-spectrum beta-lactamases hydrolyze extended-spectrum beta-lactams and are inhibited by clavulanic acid. these beta-lactamases are divided in two groups: tem and shv derivatives and non-tem and non-shv extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ctx-m1, ctx-m2, men-1, per-1, per-2, toho-1, and veb-1). the plasmid-mediated cephalosporinases (mir-1, fox-1, mox-1, bil-1, cmy-1, ... | 1998 | 9710678 |
| an extended-spectrum ampc-type beta-lactamase obtained by in vitro antibiotic selection. | a predictive approach was assayed to evaluate the possibility of mutant amp-c beta-lactamase emergence with increased substrate spectrum (including new c-3' quaternary ammonium cephems). the ampc gene encoding the ampc beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae was cloned and expressed in an ampc-defective strain of e. coli. after the ampc containing strain was challenged with cefpirome, an ampc variant encoding an enzyme with increased resistance to cefpirome and cefepime was selected. in additio ... | 1998 | 9711843 |
| comparison of sample sequences of the salmonella typhi genome to the sequence of the complete escherichia coli k-12 genome. | raw sequence data representing the majority of a bacterial genome can be obtained at a tiny fraction of the cost of a completed sequence. to demonstrate the utility of such a resource, 870 single-stranded m13 clones were sequenced from a shotgun library of the salmonella typhi ty2 genome. the sequence reads averaged over 400 bases and sampled the genome with an average spacing of once every 5,000 bases. a total of 339,243 bases of unique sequence was generated (approximately 7% representation). ... | 1998 | 9712782 |
| in vivo transduction with shiga toxin 1-encoding phage. | to facilitate the study of intestinal transmission of the shiga toxin 1 (stx1)-converting phage h-19b, tn10d-bla mutagenesis of an escherichia coli h-19b lysogen was undertaken. two mutants containing insertions in the gene encoding the a subunit of stx1 were isolated. the resultant ampicillin-resistant e. coli strains lysogenic for these phages produced infectious h-19b particles but not active toxin. these lysogens were capable of transducing an e. coli recipient strain in the murine gastroint ... | 1998 | 9712806 |
| multidrug efflux pump acrab of salmonella typhimurium excretes only those beta-lactam antibiotics containing lipophilic side chains. | we found that the previously reported ss-b drug-supersusceptible mutant of salmonella typhimurium (s. sukupolvi, m. vaara, i. m. helander, p. viljanen, and p. h. mäkelä, j. bacteriol. 159:704-712, 1984) had a mutation in the acrab operon. comparison of this mutant with its parent strain and with an acrab-overproducing strain showed that the activity of the acrab efflux pump often produced significant resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in the complete absence of beta-lactamase. the effect of a ... | 1998 | 9721312 |
| discrimination of psychrotrophic and mesophilic strains of the bacillus cereus group by pcr targeting of major cold shock protein genes. | detection of psychrotrophic strains (those able to grow at or below 7 degreesc) of the bacillus cereus group (bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus mycoides) in food products is at present extremely slow with conventional microbiology. this is due to an inability to discriminate these cold-adapted strains from their mesophilic counterparts (those able to grow only above 7 degreesc) by means other than growth at low temperature, which takes 5 to 10 days for detection. here we repo ... | 1998 | 9726910 |
| purification and characterization of wild-type and mutant "classical" nitroreductases of salmonella typhimurium. l33r mutation greatly diminishes binding of fmn to the nitroreductase of s. typhimurium. | "classical" nitroreductase of salmonella typhimurium is a flavoprotein that catalyzes the reduction of nitroaromatics to metabolites that are toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic. this enzyme represents a new class of flavin-dependent enzymes, which includes nitroreductases of enterobacter cloacae and escherichia coli, flavin oxidoreductase of vibrio fischeri, and nadh oxidase of thermus thermophilus. to investigate the structure-function relation of this class of enzymes, the gene encoding a mutan ... | 1998 | 9727006 |
| radiological pulmonary changes during gram-negative bacillary nosocomial bloodstream infection in premature infants. | the objective of the study was to characterize the changes that occur in chest radiographs at the time of gram-negative bacilli (gnb) nosocomial bloodstream infection (bsi) and to determine the contribution of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) and airway gram-negative bacterial pathogens to the clinical diagnosis of gnb nosocomial pneumonia. | 1998 | 9730200 |
| the in vitro bactericidal effect of microwave energy on bacteria that cause prostatitis. | we investigated the in vitro nonthermal effects of microwaves delivered from prostatron 2.0 on escherichia coli and enterobacter cloacae. | 1998 | 9730452 |
| salmonella enteritidis: ampc plasmid-mediated inducible beta-lactamase (dha-1) with an ampr gene from morganella morganii. | dha-1, a plasmid-mediated cephalosporinase from a single clinical salmonella enteritidis isolate, conferred resistance to oxyimino-cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftazidime) and cephamycins (cefoxitin and moxalactam), and this resistance was transferable to escherichia coli hb101. an antagonism was observed between cefoxitin and aztreonam by the diffusion method. transformation of the transconjugant e. coli strain with plasmid pnh5 carrying the ampd gene (whose product decreases the level of ex ... | 1998 | 9736562 |
| in vitro pharmacodynamic studies of l-749,345 in comparison with imipenem and ceftriaxone against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | l-749,345 is a new parenteral carbapenem with a very long half-life similar to that of ceftriaxone. the aim of the present study was to investigate different pharmacodynamic parameters of l-749,345 in comparison with those of ceftriaxone and imipenem. the following studies were performed: (i) comparative studies of the mics of l-749, 345, imipenem, and ceftriaxone for 70 strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; (ii) comparative studies of the rate of killing of gram-positive and gram ... | 1998 | 9736564 |
| direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gram-negative bacilli in blood cultures by an electrochemical method. | nonfastidious aerobic gram-negative bacilli (gnb) are commonly isolated from blood cultures. the feasibility of using an electrochemical method for direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gnb in positive blood cultures was evaluated. an aliquot (10 microliter) of 1:10-diluted positive blood cultures containing gnb was inoculated into the bactometer module well (biomérieux vitek, hazelwood, mo.) containing 1 ml of mueller-hinton broth supplemented with an antibiotic. susceptibility tests w ... | 1998 | 9738038 |
| direct identification of vibrio vulnificus in clinical specimens by nested pcr. | this study was performed to establish optimal nested pcr conditions and a high-yield dna extraction method for the direct identification of vibrio vulnificus in clinical specimens. we designed two sets of primers targeting the v. vulnificus hemolysin/cytolysin gene. the target of the first primer set (p1-p2; sense, 5'-gac-tat-cgc-atc-aac-aac-cg-3', and antisense, 5'-agg-tag-cga-gta-tta-ctg-cc-3', respectively) is a 704-bp dna fragment. the second set (p3-p4; sense, 5'-gct-att-tca-ccg-ccg-ctc-ac- ... | 1998 | 9738039 |
| isolation of enterobacter intermedium from the gallbladder of a patient with cholecystitis. | we describe the isolation and identification of enterobacter intermedium from the gallbladder of a patient with cholecystitis. there have been only four documented isolations of this organism from humans; it normally occurs in surface water and unpolluted soils. the identification was initially made by a microscan walk/away system with a neg combo 18 conventional identification-susceptibility panel. the organism is susceptible to the aminoglycosides and imipenem but resistant to the cephalospori ... | 1998 | 9738068 |
| molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae in the neonatal intensive care unit of a provincial hospital in gauteng, south africa. | an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae in the neonatal intensive care unit of a provincial hospital in gauteng, south africa, resulting in nine deaths was investigated. macrorestriction analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that three isolates of e. cloacae from blood cultures of patients, six from environmental sources, and one from the hands of a staff member belonged to the same genotypic cluster. | 1998 | 9738077 |
| total nutrient admixtures appear safer than lipid emulsion alone as regards microbial contamination: growth properties of microbial pathogens at room temperature. | the extraordinary growth properties of most microorganisms in 10% and 20% lipid emulsions has led to the centers for disease control and prevention recommendation that if lipids are given through an i.v. line, the administration set should be replaced every 24 hours rather than the usual 72-hour interval used for crystalloid solutions, including those used for conventional total parenteral nutrition. for nearly 15 years, parenteral alimentation has been given as a total nutrient admixture (tna), ... | 1998 | 9739032 |
| the ecl18ki restriction-modification system: cloning, expression, properties of the purified enzymes. | ecl18ki is a type ii restriction-modification system isolated from enterobacter cloaceae 18ki strain. genes encoding ecl18ki methyltransferase (m.ecl18ki) and ecl18ki restriction endonuclease (r.ecl18ki) have been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. these enzymes recognize the 5'.../ccngg...3' sequence in dna; m.ecl18ki methylates the c5 carbon atom of the inner dc residue and r.ecl18ki cuts dna as shown by the arrow. the restriction endonuclease and the methyltransferase were purified fro ... | 1998 | 9744801 |
| steady-state kinetic mechanism, stereospecificity, substrate and inhibitor specificity of enterobacter cloacae nitroreductase. | enterobacter cloacae nitroreductase (nr) is a flavoprotein which catalyzes the pyridine nucleotide-dependent reduction of nitroaromatics. initial velocity and inhibition studies have been performed which establish unambiguously a ping-pong kinetic mechanism. nadh oxidation proceeds stereospecifically with the transfer of the pro-r hydrogen to the enzyme and the amide moiety of the nicotinamide appears to be the principal mediator of the interaction between nr and nadh. 2,4-dinitrotoluene is the ... | 1998 | 9748656 |
| role of antimicrobial-impregnated polymer and teflon in the prevention of biliary stent blockage. | biliary stent blockage and microbial colonization is a common complication associated with polyurethane stents used for the relief of bile-duct obstruction caused by benign or malignant disease. in an attempt to overcome this problem the application of a 'teflon' (polytetrafluoroethylene) stent and an antimicrobial benzalkonium chloride (bzc) impregnated polymer were investigated. the effects of these materials on microbial colonization were compared to a polyurethane stent in vitro in broth or ... | 1998 | 9749404 |
| gyra mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in eight species of enterobacteriaceae. | fluoroquinolone resistance (fq-r) in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae species has been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. two mechanisms of fq-r have been identified in gram-negative organisms: mutations in dna gyrase and reduced intracellular drug accumulation. a single point mutation in gyra has been shown to reduce susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. to determine the extent of gyra mutations associated with fq-r in enteric bacteria, one set of oligonucleotide primers w ... | 1998 | 9756773 |
| bacteraemia in the adult intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in nottingham, uk, 1985-1996. | bacteraemia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit. in this study the distribution of organisms causing bacteraemic episodes in patients in the adult intensive care unit of a large teaching hospital was determined. particular emphasis was placed on the type of organisms isolated from community- and hospital-acquired bacteraemia, the suspected source of infection, the possible risk factors associated with bacteraemia, and outcome. the incidence of bacteraemia ... | 1998 | 9758274 |
| development of pcr primer systems for amplification of nitrite reductase genes (nirk and nirs) to detect denitrifying bacteria in environmental samples. | a system was developed for the detection of denitrifying bacteria by the amplification of specific nitrite reductase gene fragments with pcr. primer sequences were found for the amplification of fragments from both nitrite reductase genes (nirk and nirs) after comparative sequence analysis. whenever amplification was tried with these primers, the known nir type of denitrifying laboratory cultures could be confirmed. likewise, the method allowed a determination of the nir type of five laboratory ... | 1998 | 9758798 |
| comparison of paenibacillus azotofixans strains isolated from rhizoplane, rhizosphere, and non-root-associated soil from maize planted in two different brazilian soils | paenibacillus azotofixans is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium often found in soil and in the rhizospheres of different grasses. in this study, two brazilian clay soils were planted with cross-hybrid maize (br-201) and four stages of plant growth were analyzed to characterize the p. azotofixans populations present in the rhizoplanes, rhizospheres, and non-root-associated soils (herein called nonrhizospheres). a total of 106 strains were isolated and identified as p. azotofixans with an api 50ch kit, b ... | 1998 | 9758811 |
| a new operation for producing disease-suppressive compost from grass clippings | this study evaluated the use of grass clippings discharged from golf courses as the raw material for production of a suppressive compost to control rhizoctonia large-patch disease in mascarene grass. bacillus subtilis n4, a mesophilic bacterium with suppressive effects on the pathogenic fungus rhizoctonia solani ag2-2, was used as an inoculum in a procedure developed with the aim of controlling composting temperatures and inoculation timing. the population density of mesophilic bacteria in the r ... | 1998 | 9758834 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity to isolated bacteria in pediatric urinary tract infections]. | of the childhood urinary tract infections, more than 50% are caused by escherichia coli (e coli), followed by proteus mirabilis (p mirabilis), klebsiella sp, other enterobacteria, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococci. of e coli isolates, 50 to 60% are resistant to ampicillin (ampi-r), 10% being susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (amc). for p mirabilis, ampi-r isolates are less frequent and more often susceptible to amc. klebsiella sp is resistant to ampicillin, 75% of ... | 1998 | 9759315 |
| crystallization and preliminary diffraction studies of pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase from enterobacter cloacae pb2. | pentaerythritol tetranitrate (petn) reductase of enterobacter cloacae pb2, a flavoprotein involved in the biodegradation of the explosive petn, ethylene glycol dinitrate (egdn) and glycerol trinitrate (gtn), was purified from an overexpressing strain of e. coli and crystallized at 293 k using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. diffraction data can be seen at 1.8 a. the primitive orthorhombic cell has a monomer in the asymmetric unit. preliminary molecular-replacement calculations have bee ... | 1998 | 9761872 |
| elective delayed reduction and no anesthesia: 'minimal intervention management' for gastrochisis. | in a pilot study of 14 children, born when the authors were on a 1:5 "on take" for neonatal referrals, a policy evolved of elective delayed midgut reduction without anaesthesia or sedation in the incubator on the neonatal surgical unit. there was no other form of selection, and it was fortunate that the authors did not encountered any adverse criteria in this small series. | 1998 | 9766348 |
| plasmid-mediated gene transfer between insect-resident bacteria, enterobacter cloacae, and plant-epiphytic bacteria, erwinia herbicola, in guts of silkworm larvae. | five strains of enterobacter cloacae isolated from several species of plants and insects were able to grow in the guts of silkworm larvae. a much larger population of ent. cloacae strains was detected in the insect guts and feces collected 3 and 6 days than in samples collected 1 day after feeding artificial diets contaminating these bacteria. furthermore, insect-origin strains of ent. cloacae were mated with a donor strain, epiphytic erwinia herbicola, harboring rsf1010 and pbpw1::tn7 plasmids ... | 1998 | 9767717 |
| inducible beta-lactam resistance in aeromonas hydrophila: therapeutic challenge for antimicrobial therapy. | despite the abundant amount of knowledge about inducible chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases among aeromonas species, extended-spectrum beta-lactam-resistant a. hydrophila strains selected in clinical practice were rarely reported. in the present study, two strains of a. hydrophila, a136 and a139, with markedly different susceptibilities to extended-spectrum cephalosporins were isolated from blood and the tip segment of an arterial catheter of a burn patient. another strain (a136m) was select ... | 1998 | 9774563 |
| detection of ureaplasma urealyticum by pcr and biovar determination by liquid hybridization. | an assay which combines the direct detection of ureaplasma urealyticum with biovar determination was developed and applied to 618 urogenital specimens. u. urealyticum was detected by inhibitor-controlled pcr. a 429-bp fragment of the urease gene was amplified. the amplicons were labelled with digoxigenin during pcr. biovar determination was performed by liquid hybridization with biotin-labelled biovar-specific probes, and the hybrids were detected with peroxidase-conjugated sheep anti-digoxigeni ... | 1998 | 9774567 |
| use of the bact/alert blood culture system for culture of sterile body fluids other than blood. | studies have demonstrated that large-volume culture methods for sterile body fluids other than blood increase recovery compared to traditional plated-medium methods. bact/alert is a fully automated blood culture system for detecting bacteremia and fungemia. in this study, we compared culture in bact/alert standard aerobic and anaerobic bottles, bact/alert fan aerobic and fan anaerobic bottles, and culture on routine media for six specimen types, i.e., continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysate ( ... | 1998 | 9774578 |
| identification of new verocytotoxin type 2 variant b-subunit genes in human and animal escherichia coli isolates. | the sequence of a verocytotoxin 2 (vt2) variant gene that was untypeable by the b subunit pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (pcr-rflp) method described by tyler et al. (s. d. tyler, w. m. johnson, h. lior, g. wang, and k. r. rozee, j. clin. microbiol. 29:1339-1343, 1991) was determined and compared with published sequences. it was highly homologous to two recently reported vt2 variant sequences. the pcr-rflp method described by tyler et al. was extended to include these n ... | 1998 | 9774585 |
| the prognostic factors of adult gram-negative bacillary meningitis. | seventy-seven patients with gram-negative bacillary meningitis (gnbm), 57 males and 20 females, aged 17-86 years, were identified at kaohsiung chang gung memorial hospital, over an 11-year period. fifty-four infections were community-acquired, and 23 were nosocomial; 49 were spontaneous and 28 occurred after head surgery or neurosurgery. the organisms most frequently involved were klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, and acinetobacter. rarer pathogens included citroba ... | 1998 | 9777518 |
| oxygen-insensitive nitroreductases: analysis of the roles of nfsa and nfsb in development of resistance to 5-nitrofuran derivatives in escherichia coli. | nitroheterocyclic and nitroaromatic compounds constitute an enormous range of chemicals whose potent biological activity has significant human health and environmental implications. the biological activity of nitro-substituted compounds is derived from reductive metabolism of the nitro moiety, a process catalyzed by a variety of nitroreductase activities. resistance of bacteria to nitro-substituted compounds is believed to result primarily from mutations in genes encoding oxygen-insensitive nitr ... | 1998 | 9791100 |
| metal accumulation and vanadium-induced multidrug resistance by environmental isolates of escherichia hermannii and enterobacter cloacae. | contaminated soils from an oil refinery were screened for the presence of microorganisms capable of accumulating either nickel, vanadium, or both metals. three strains of bacteria that belonged to the family enterobacteriaceae were selected. two of them were escherichia hermannii strains, and outer membrane profile (omp) analysis showed that they were similar to a strain of clinical origin; the other one was an enterobacter cloacae strain that differed from clinical isolates. the selected bacter ... | 1998 | 9797283 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of oral isolates of enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella pneumoniae from a southern chinese population. | the antibiotic susceptibilities of 59 enterobacter cloacae and 39 klebsiella pneumoniae human oral isolates collected from a southern chinese population in hong kong were investigated for their susceptibility to eight antibiotics: ampicillin, cephalothin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole using the e-test method for direct quantification of minimum inhibitory concentrations. most strains were sensitive to all antibiotics except amp ... | 1998 | 9807124 |
| ciprofloxacin in preterm neonates: case report and review of the literature. | we report the use of ciprofloxacin in a preterm boy suffering from an invasive multiple resistant enterobacter cloacae infection. the treatment was effective, after other antibiotics failed, and no adverse effects were observed during 3 years of follow up. the literature on compassionate ciprofloxacin use in 28 preterm or low birth weight infants is reviewed. ciprofloxacin has been used to treat neonatal pneumonia, meningitis and septicaemia and was effective in all cases. side-effects were limi ... | 1998 | 9809826 |
| bacteria causing septicaemia in neonates with tetanus. | 105 consecutively admitted neonates with tetanus were screened for sepsis to determine the prevalence of sepsis in neonatal tetanus (nnt) patients and identify the bacterial pathogens causing septicaemia in them. the presence of omphalitis, poor colour, hypothermia and hyperthermia were found to be sensitive predictors of septicaemia in nnt patients. 50 bacterial pathogens were isolated from 50 babies. klebsiella pneumoniae (20.7%), and enterobacter cloacae (19.0%) were the leading gram negative ... | 1998 | 9814079 |
| comparison of phenotypic and genotypic techniques for identification of unusual aerobic pathogenic gram-negative bacilli. | rapid and accurate identification of bacterial pathogens is a fundamental goal of clinical microbiology, but one that is difficult or impossible for many slow-growing and fastidious organisms. we used identification systems based on cellular fatty acid profiles (sherlock; midi, inc., newark, del.), carbon source utilization (microlog; biolog, inc., hayward, calif.), and 16s rrna gene sequence (microseq; perkin-elmer applied biosystems division, foster city, calif.) to evaluate 72 unusual aerobic ... | 1998 | 9817894 |
| three-dimensional structure of ampc beta-lactamase from escherichia coli bound to a transition-state analogue: possible implications for the oxyanion hypothesis and for inhibitor design. | the structures of ampc beta-lactamase from escherichia coli, alone and in complex with a transition-state analogue, have been determined by x-ray crystallography. the native enzyme was determined to 2.0 a resolution, and the structure with the transition-state analogue m-aminophenylboronic acid was determined to 2.3 a resolution. the structure of ampc from e. coli resembles those previously determined for the class c enzymes from enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. the transition-stat ... | 1998 | 9819201 |
| enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa polymicrobial bloodstream infections traced to extrinsic contamination of a dextrose multidose vial. | to identify risk factors for polymicrobial bloodstream infections (bsis) in neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) patients during an outbreak of bsis. | 1998 | 9821421 |
| control of an outbreak of a highly beta-lactam-resistant enterobacter cloacae strain in a neonatal special care unit. | two successive outbreaks of colonization and infection with enterobacter cloacae resistant to third generation cephalosporins (cephalosporin-resistant e. cloacae, crec) and involving 15 infants occurred within 12 months in a neonatal special care unit. isolates of clinical significance were obtained from four infants (urine 2 cases, blood, pleural drainage). according to epidemiological typing using computerized biochemical fingerprinting and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) the same crec ... | 1998 | 9825975 |
| risk factors for enterobacter septicemia in a neonatal unit: case-control study. | thirty cases of enterobacter aerogenes or enterobacter cloacae septicemia diagnosed over a 32-month period in a tertiary care neonatal unit were enrolled in a case-control study. each case patient was matched with two controls (patients occupying the cots nearest the case patient when the latter developed septicemia). of the 32 perinatal characteristics evaluated, 11 were identified by univariate analysis to be significantly associated with the infection. these included parents being residents o ... | 1998 | 9827270 |
| mechanism of cross-contamination of blood culture bottles in a pseudoepidemic of enterobacter cloacae bacteremia. | | 1998 | 9827303 |
| comparison of five days versus seven days of incubation for detection of positive blood cultures by the bactec 9240 system. | the specimen capacity of blood culture systems is determined by the length of time that blood cultures are incubated. since the patient populations served by hospitals vary, individual laboratories should evaluate the relative cost and benefits of different testing regimens for their particular setting. to be cost-effective, the use of a 5-day rather than a 7-day protocol for the bactec 9240 system (becton dickinson diagnostic instrument systems, usa) has been recommended. to evaluate whether th ... | 1998 | 9832265 |
| novel oxa-10-derived extended-spectrum beta-lactamases selected in vivo or in vitro. | a clinical isolate of pseudomonas aeruginosa, pae191, was found to be highly resistant to all anti-pseudomonas beta-lactam antibiotics (except imipenem) and resistant also to aminoglycosides. it produced a beta-lactamase (with an apparent pi of 7.6) which was not inhibited by clavulanic acid. cloning and characterization of the beta-lactamase gene showed that it coded for a novel extended-spectrum oxa-10 variant, called oxa-19, which differed from oxa-10 by nine amino acids and from oxa-13 by tw ... | 1998 | 9835500 |
| an ampd gene in pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes a negative regulator of ampc beta-lactamase expression. | the ampd and ampe genes of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 were cloned and characterized. these genes are transcribed in the same orientation and form an operon. the deduced polypeptide of p. aeruginosa ampd exhibited more than 60% similarity to the ampd proteins of enterobacteria and haemophilus influenzae. the ampd product transcomplemented escherichia coli ampd mutants to wild-type beta-lactamase expression. | 1998 | 9835532 |
| efficacies of cefepime, ceftazidime, and imipenem alone or in combination with amikacin in rats with experimental pneumonia due to ceftazidime-susceptible or -resistant enterobacter cloacae strains. | the antibacterial activities of human regimens of cefepime, ceftazidime, and imipenem alone or in combination with amikacin against an isogenic pair of enterobacter cloacae strains (wild type and its corresponding derepressed cephalosporinase mutant) were compared by using our nonlethal model of pneumonia with 180 immunocompetent rats. compared with untreated animals, all beta-lactam-treated rats, except those inoculated with the mutant isolate and receiving ceftazidime, had significantly lower ... | 1998 | 9835534 |
| effect of canavanine from alfalfa seeds on the population biology of bacillus cereus | bacillus cereus uw85 suppresses diseases of alfalfa seedlings, although alfalfa seed exudate inhibits the growth of uw85 in culture (j. l. milner, s. j. raffel, b. j. lethbridge, and j. handelsman, appl. microbiol. biotechnol. 43:685-691, 1995). in this study, we determined the chemical basis for and biological role of the inhibitory activity. all of the alfalfa germ plasm tested included seeds that released inhibitory material. we purified the inhibitory material from one alfalfa cultivar and i ... | 1998 | 9835549 |
| microbial populations associated with the retting of melon pods (colocynthis citrullus l.) during seed recovery. | the traditional process for the retting of melon pulp and microbiological characteristics in the recovery of melon seeds (colocynthis citrullus l.) were investigated. melon pods were sliced open and exposed for seven days. the pulp underwent a natural fermentation that was characterized by the growth of microorganisms to 10(8)-10(10) cfu/g. the ph fluctuated between 4.8 and 5.1 with a lactic acid content of 0.72%. bacillus subtilis, b. polymyxa, lactobacillus fermentum, l. brevis and streptococc ... | 1998 | 9839833 |
| characterization of the galu gene of streptococcus pneumoniae encoding a uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase: a gene essential for capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis. | the galu gene of streptococcus pneumoniae has been cloned and sequenced. escherichia coli cells harboring the recombinant plasmid pmmg2 (galu) overproduced a protein that has been shown to correspond to a uridine 5'-triphosphate:glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (uridine diphosphoglucose [udp-glc] pyrophosphorylase) responsible for the synthesis of udp-glc, a key compound in the biosynthesis of polysaccharides. a gene very similar to the s. pneumoniae galu has been found in a partial nucle ... | 1998 | 9841918 |
| a cluster of bloodstream infections and pyrogenic reactions among hemodialysis patients traced to dialysis machine waste-handling option units. | from june 17 through november 15, 1995, ten episodes of enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infection and three pyrogenic reactions occurred in patients at a hospital-based hemodialysis center. in a case-control study limited to events occurring during october 1-31, 1995, seven dialysis sessions resulting in e. cloacae bacteremia or pyrogenic reaction without bacteremia were compared with 241 randomly selected control sessions. dialysis machines were examined, dialysis fluid and equipment were cult ... | 1998 | 9845821 |
| isolation and characterization of acc deaminase genes from two different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. | we have recently proposed that one way that plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) stimulate plant growth is through the activity of the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase, which causes a lowering of plant ethylene levels resulting in longer roots. as part of an effort to understand the role of this enzyme in pgpr, the genes for acc deaminase from two pgpr, enterobacter cloacae cal2 and uw4, have been isolated. these genes are highly homologous to the acc deaminase gen ... | 1998 | 9851025 |
| rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei by latex agglutination based on an exopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody. | we recently identified a constitutively expressed exopolysaccharide of burkholderia pseudomallei which is composed of a unique linear tetrasaccharide repeating unit consisting of three galactose residues and one 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid residue. in this study we developed a latex agglutination test based on monoclonal antibody 3015, which is specific for this exopolysaccharide, and evaluated this test for rapid identification of b. pseudomallei grown on agar plates. all 74 environmenta ... | 1999 | 9854098 |
| a six-domain structural model for escherichia coli translation initiation factor if2. characterisation of twelve surface epitopes. | the escherichia coli translation initiation factor if2 is a 97 kda protein which interacts with the initiator fmet-trnafmet, gtp and the ribosomal subunits during initiation of protein biosynthesis. for structural and functional investigations of the factor, we have raised and characterised monoclonal antibodies against e. coli if2. twelve epitopes have been localised at the surface of the protein molecule by three different methods: interactions of the monoclonal antibodies with nested deletion ... | 1998 | 9861457 |
| mechanism of inhibition of tannic acid and related compounds on the growth of intestinal bacteria. | tannic acid, propyl gallate and methyl gallate, but not gallic acid, were found to be inhibitory to the growth of intestinal bacteria bacteroides fragilis atcc 25285, clostridium clostridiiforme atcc 25537, c. perfringens atcc 13124, c. paraputrificum atcc 25780, escherichia coli atcc 25922, enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047, salmonella typhimurium ta98 and s. typhimurium yg1041 at 100-1000 microg/ml in culture broth. neither bifidobacterium infantis atcc 15697 nor lactobacillus acidophilus atcc 4 ... | 1998 | 9862646 |
| convergent pathways for utilization of the amino sugars n-acetylglucosamine, n-acetylmannosamine, and n-acetylneuraminic acid by escherichia coli. | n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) and n-acetylneuraminic acid (nana) are good carbon sources for escherichia coli k-12, whereas n-acetylmannosamine (mannac) is metabolized very slowly. the isolation of regulatory mutations which enhanced utilization of mannac allowed us to elucidate the pathway of its degradation. mannac is transported by the manxyz-encoded phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (pts) transporter producing intracellular mannac-6-p. this phosphorylated hexosamine is s ... | 1999 | 9864311 |
| infective endocarditis in the premature neonate. | we describe a series of 11 high-risk neonates with infective endocarditis (ie) in this retrospective review. previously ie has rarely been diagnosed in newborns and is usually fatal. the frequency was 4.3 cases per 100 patients. five patients survived. microorganisms included gram positives such as s. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus, gram negatives such as klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, enterococcus faecalis, serratia marcescens, and acinetobacter calcoaceticus. echoca ... | 1998 | 9864649 |
| isolation and characterization of enterobacter cloacae capable of metabolizing asparagine. | a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium capable of utilizing l-asparagine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen was isolated from soil and identified as enterobacter cloacae. an intracellularly expressed l-asparaginase was detected and it deaminated l-asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia. high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of a cell-free asparaginase reaction mixture indicated that 2.8 mm l-asparagine was hydrolyzed to 2.2 and 2.8 mm aspartic acid and ammonia, respectively, within ... | 1998 | 9866175 |
| enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infections associated with contaminated prefilled saline syringes--california, november 1998. | | 1998 | 9867522 |
| type ii topoisomerase mutations in ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | we determined the sequences of the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyra, gyrb, and parc genes for 30 clinical strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to ciprofloxacin that were previously complemented by wild-type gyra and gyrb plasmid-borne alleles and studied for their coresistance to imipenem (e. cambau, e. perani, c. dib, c. petinon, j. trias, and v. jarlier, antimicrob. agents chemother. 39:2248-2252, 1995). in the present study, we found mutations in type ii topoisomerase g ... | 1999 | 9869566 |
| effect of probenecid on the renal excretion mechanism of a new carbapenem, da-1131, in rats and rabbits. | the effects of probenecid, an anion transport inhibitor, on the renal excretion mechanism of a new anionic carbapenem, da-1131, were investigated after a 1-min intravenous infusion of da-1131 at 100 mg/kg of body weight to rabbits and 50 mg/kg to rats with or without probenecid at 50 mg/kg for both species. in control rabbits, the renal clearance (clr) of da-1131 and the glomerular filtration rate based on creatinine clearance (clcr) were 6.14 +/- 2.09 and 2.26 +/- 0.589 ml/min/kg, respectively. ... | 1999 | 9869572 |
| evaluation of several dosing regimens of cefepime, with various simulations of renal function, against clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa in a pharmacodynamic infection model. | the objectives of this study were as follows: (i) to examine the killing activity of 2-g doses of cefepime against two clinical isolates (mucoid and nonmucoid) of pseudomonas aeruginosa in a pharmacodynamic in vitro infection model, (ii) to compare the percentage of time above the mic (t > mic) for each of the regimens against p. aeruginosa, and (iii) to evaluate the area under the bactericidal curve for each regimen. cefepime was administered at intervals of 8, 12, and 24 h with and without tob ... | 1999 | 9869577 |
| [enzymatic resistance to imipenem in gram-negative bacilli: nmc-a, an original carbapenemase]. | carbapenems such as imipenem are beta-lactam antibiotics usually stable to the hydrolytic activity of beta-lactamases. nevertheless, resistance to imipenem by production of carbapenemases has been described in few species of gram negative bacilli. this mechanism of resistance remains exceptional in enterobacteriaceae. these carbapenemases are principally metallo-enzymes that possess a zinc ion in their active site. enterobacter cloacae strain nor-1, is resistant to imipenem by production of an i ... | 1998 | 9872010 |
| development of a pcr assay for detection of yersinia ruckeri in tissues of inoculated and naturally infected trout. | a pcr-based method was developed for the specific detection of yersinia ruckeri in tissues of inoculated trout and naturally infected trout. no amplification products were obtained with other yersiniae, bacterial fish pathogens, or phylogenetically related bacteria (n = 34). the sensitivity of pcr detection was 60 to 65 bacterial cells per pcr tube, which was decreased to 10 to 20 cells by hybridization with a nonradioactive probe. the pcr assay proved to be as reliable as and faster than the co ... | 1999 | 9872807 |
| chlorine inactivation of sphingomonas cells attached to goethite particles in drinking water. | bacteria in drinking water, attached or not attached to goethite particles, were disinfected with chlorine. no additional protection was provided to the bacteria by their attachment to particles, and the limited efficiency of inactivation by chlorine was attributed to the presence of bacterial aggregates in both types of suspension. | 1999 | 9872809 |
| investigation of the presence of different broad-spectrum beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of enterobacteriacae. | chromosomal or plasmid-encoded beta-lactamases are the most frequent causes of resistance to broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics in clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria. different screening methods can be used for their detection during routine laboratory work, while molecular biological methods may help in the detection of the genetic background of the phenotypic resistance. clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae (170) and enterobacter cloaceae (82) were obtained from different pa ... | 1998 | 9873949 |
| analysis of mutations to gyra in quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae. | the gyra subgenes of a quinolone-resistant enterobacter cloacae clinical isolate (ofloxacin mic, 16 mg/l) and of a control, e. cloacae nctc 10005 (ofloxacin mic, 0.03 mg/l), were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequenced. the resistant isolate had mutations at the codons for amino acids 83, 89 and 90. the first of these mutations led to replacement of serine-83 by tyrosine, whereas the other mutations were silent. digestion of pcr-amplified dna fragments with the restriction enz ... | 1999 | 9920128 |
| haemolymph and fat body metallo-protease associated with enterobacter cloacae infection in the bloodsucking insect, rhodnius prolixus. | analysis of zymograms with sds-polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis containing gelatin as substrate, and performed on samples of haemolymph or fat body taken from rhodnius prolixus inoculated or not with enterobacter cloacae, demonstrated distinct patterns of protease activities: (i) in the haemolymph two proteases were induced in insects inoculated with bacteria; (ii) two proteases were detected in the fat bodies derived from non-inoculated controls or insect inoculated with sterile culture mediu ... | 1998 | 9921310 |
| thermoregulated expression and characterization of an nad(p)h-dependent 2-cyclohexen-1-one reductase in the plant pathogenic bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | the phytopathogenic bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180.n9 causes bacterial blight of soybeans and preferably infects its host plant during periods of cold, humid weather conditions. to identify proteins differentially expressed at low temperatures, total cellular protein fractions derived from pg4180.n9 grown at 18 and 28 degreesc were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. of several proteins which appeared to be preferentially present at 18 degreesc, a 40-kda protein ... | 1999 | 9922244 |
| the mutk gene of vibrio cholerae: a new gene involved in dna mismatch repair. | a new gene, mutk, of vibrio cholerae, encoding a 19-kda protein which is involved in repairing mismatches in dna via a presumably methyl-independent pathway, has been identified. the product of the mutk gene cloned in either high- or low-copy-number vectors can reduce the spontaneous mutation frequency of escherichia coli muts, mutl, mutu, and dam mutants. the spontaneous mutation frequency of a chromosomal mutk knockout mutant was almost identical to that of wild-type v. cholerae cells, indicat ... | 1999 | 9922251 |