| construction, expression, and activities of l49-sfv-beta-lactamase, a single-chain antibody fusion protein for anticancer prodrug activation. | the l49 (igg1) monoclonal antibody binds to p97 (melanotransferrin), a tumor-selective antigen that is expressed on human melanomas and carcinomas. a recombinant fusion protein, l49-sfv-bl, that contains the antibody binding regions of l49 fused to the enterobacter cloacae r2-1 beta-lactamase (bl) was constructed, expressed, and purified to homogeneity in an escherichia coli soluble expression system. the variable regions of l49 were cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from ... | 1997 | 9258449 |
| immunologically specific activation of a cephalosporin derivative of mitomycin c by monoclonal antibody beta-lactamase conjugates. | the syntheses of two cephalosporin derivatives 2 and 3 of mitomycin c (1) containing 7-phenylacetamido and 7-delta-carboxybutanamido side chains, respectively, are described. these compounds were prepared for evaluation as cephalosporin prodrugs capable of being activated by mab-beta-lactamase conjugates. in vitro cytotoxicity assays performed on h2987 lung adenocarcinoma and clone 62 melanoma cell lines indicated that compound 2 was comparable in cytotoxicity to the parent drug. in an effort to ... | 1997 | 9276025 |
| the antimicrobial activity of 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone isolated from the shoots of helichrysum aureonitens. | extracts from helichrysum aureonitens are used topically by the indigenous people of south africa against infections. the antimicrobial activity-guided fractionation by bioautography of the acetone extract from the aerial parts of h. aureonitens led to the isolation of 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone (galangin). evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the compound against ten randomly selected bacteria indicated significant activity against all the gram-positive bacteria tested with the minimum inhi ... | 1997 | 9292410 |
| purification and characterization of a cytotoxin from enterobacter cloacae. | leukotoxic activity was assayed in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae. two strains were selected out of 38 by their greater hemolytic activity in blood agar plates. leukotoxin was purified by salt precipitation, dialysis, chromatography by gel filtration, and high pressure liquid chromatography (hplc). human leukocytes, when incubated with purified e. cloacae toxin, showed high percentages of death and lysis, with time and dose dependence. the chromatographic profile of gel filtration pre ... | 1997 | 9304783 |
| induction of gram-negative bacterial growth by neurochemical containing banana (musa x paradisiaca) extracts. | bananas contain large quantities of neurochemicals. extracts from the peel and pulp of bananas in increasing stages of ripening were prepared and evaluated for their ability to modulate the growth of non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria. extracts from the peel, and to a much lesser degree the pulp, increased the growth of gram-negative bacterial strains escherichia coli o157:h7, shigella flexneri, enterobacter cloacae and salmonella typhimurium, as well as two non-pathogenic e. coli strains, i ... | 1997 | 9311120 |
| molecular epidemiology of acquisition of ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli in a nonoutbreak setting. | we prospectively studied the acquisition of ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli (caz-rgn) in two surgical intensive care units (sicu) during a nonoutbreak period. surveillance cultures were obtained from patients at the time of admission and serially thereafter. caz-rgn isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). three hundred and forty-three patients were enrolled from whom 1,621 baseline and follow-up cultures were obtained. the most common species isolated from pat ... | 1997 | 9316915 |
| specificity of the high-mannose recognition site between enterobacter cloacae pili adhesin and ht-29 cell membranes. | enterobacter cloacae has been implicated as one of the causative agents in neonatal infection and causes a septicemia thought to be initiated via the gastrointestinal tract. the adhesion of radiolabeled e. cloacae to ht-29 cells was concentration and temperature dependent and was effectively blocked by unlabeled bacteria or by millimolar concentrations of alpha-mannosides and micromolar concentrations of high-mannose oligosaccharides. a variety of well-characterized mannose oligosaccharides were ... | 1997 | 9317027 |
| isolation and characterization of enterobacter cloacae mutants which are defective in chemotaxis toward inorganic phosphate. | enterobacter cloacae ifo3320 is attracted to pi when cells are starved for pi. two tn1737kh-induced mutants, which were constitutive for alkaline phosphatase, failed to exhibit pi taxis even under conditions of pi limitation. both of the mutant strains exhibited normal chemotactic responses to peptone, suggesting that they are specifically defective in pi taxis. cloning and sequence analysis showed that the tn1737kh insertions were located in either the psta or pstb genes which encode the channe ... | 1997 | 9324271 |
| inducible amp c beta-lactamase producing gram-negative bacilli from blood stream infections: frequency, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular epidemiology in a national surveillance program (scope). | a surveillance study of nosocomial blood stream infections [surveillance and control of pathogens of epidemiologic importance (scope)] was conducted during a 14-month period in 1995 to 1996 in approximately 50 american medical centers. among the 4725 blood stream infections, the etiologic agent was enterobacter spp. in 230, citrobacter freundii in 24, and serratia marcescens in 65. the vast majority of these isolates (89%) had been sent to the university of iowa including 198 enterobacter spp. ( ... | 1997 | 9327251 |
| incidence and epidemiology of nosocomial infections in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | in a prospective study, we investigated the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of nosocomial infections (nis) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease. there was a total of 528 admissions of 405 eligible patients; 46 nis (8.7% per discharge) were identified in 39 patients. the proportional frequencies of nis were as follows: 16 skin and/or soft-tissue infections (including localized catheter-associated infections), 3.0%; 14 respiratory tract infections, 2.7%; 11 bloodstrea ... | 1997 | 9332532 |
| the signal molecule for beta-lactamase induction in enterobacter cloacae is the anhydromuramyl-pentapeptide. | beta-lactamase induction in enterobacter cloacae, which is linked to peptidoglycan recycling, was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of cell wall fragments in genetically defined cells of escherichia coli. after treatment of cells with beta-lactams, we detected an increase in a d-tripeptide (disaccharide-tripeptide, n-acetylglucosaminyl-1,6-anhydro-n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-glutamyl-mes o-diaminopimelic acid), ad-tetrapeptide (disaccharide-tetrapeptide, n-acetylglu ... | 1997 | 9333034 |
| mechanism of suppression of piperacillin resistance in enterobacteria by tazobactam. | resistance to piperacillin in several isolates of citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae was investigated and confirmed to occur at a frequency of 10(-7) to 10(-6). development of resistance to piperacillin was significantly suppressed by tazobactam but not by clavulanic acid. to elucidate the mechanism by which resistance suppression occurs, the effect of piperacillin plus tazobactam on the induction of ampc beta-lactamase was analyzed by monitoring the beta-galactosidase activity of an ... | 1997 | 9333044 |
| in-vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens from respiratory tract infections. | trovafloxacin, sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were equally active against moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, legionella pneumophila, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens. ciprofloxacin was the most active compound against pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic90 = 1 mg/l), followed by trovafloxacin (mic90 = 4 mg/l). trovafloxacin was twice as active as sparfloxacin against streptococcus pyogenes (mic90 = 0.12 mg/l), streptococcus pneumoniae (mic90 = ... | 1997 | 9338498 |
| [survey of sensitivities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents (annual report)]. | research groups were formed in 20 institutions nationwide to investigate carbapenem resistance of clinical isolates. activities of various antibacterial agents, principally carbapenems, were tested against clinical isolates collected from these institutions. the broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 17 antibacterial agents for 1,326 strains of 11 bacterial species isolated at the institutions between october and december 1994. the result ... | 1997 | 9339395 |
| [molecular typing by pulsed field gel electrophoresis of enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from osteoarticular infections at the nancy university hospital 1990-1994]. | enterobacteriaceae represent more than 11% of bacteria involved in osteoarticular infections in adult and, among them, enterobacter cloacae is found in 12% of the cases. the increased evolution of the antibiotic resistance rate of this species is worrying. however, all isolates responsible for this type of infection at the university hospital of nancy from 1990 to 1994 (24 strains isolated from 22 patients presented an identical antibiotype with especially a natural resistance phenotype to beta- ... | 1997 | 9347015 |
| novel fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents containing oxime-substituted (aminomethyl)pyrrolidines: synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7-(4-(aminomethyl)-3-(methoxyimino)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6- fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro[1,8]naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid (lb20304). | new pyrrolidine derivatives, which bear an alkyloxime substituent in the 4-position and an aminomethyl substituent in the 3-position of the pyrrolidine ring, have been synthesized and coupled with various quinolinecarboxylic acids to produce a series of new fluoroquinolone antibacterials. these fluoroquinolones were found to possess potent antimicrobial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, including methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). variations at the ... | 1997 | 9357525 |
| improved antimicrobial activity of du-6859a, a new fluoroquinolone, against quinolone-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae isolates with alterations in gyra and parc proteins. | mics of du-6859a, a novel fluoroquinolone, for 18 klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and 21 enterobacter cloacae isolates with altered gyra or altered gyra and parc ranged from < or =0.025 to 6.25 microg/ml and from 0.1 to 3.13 microg/ml, respectively. based on the mics at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited for these strains of k. pneumoniae and e. cloacae, du-6859a exhibited 16- to 256-fold-greater activity than currently available fluoroquinolones. | 1997 | 9371364 |
| in vitro synergistic activities of tobramycin and selected beta-lactams against 75 gram-negative clinical isolates. | the microdilution checkerboard technique was utilized to distinguish synergistic activity between tobramycin and four beta-lactams: piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin-clavulanate, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone. beta-lactam-aminoglycoside combinations were tested against 75 clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumanii, citrobacterfreundii, serratia marcescens, and enterobacter cloacae. despite in vitro susceptibilities, all isolates demonstrated either synergism or indiffe ... | 1997 | 9371376 |
| detection of mutations in the gyra and parc genes in quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae. | we have determined partial sequences of the gyra and parc genes of enterobacter cloacae type strain including the regions analogous to the quinolone resistance-determining region of the escherichia coli gyra gene. the deduced 65- and 49-amino acid sequences of the determined regions of the e. cloacae gyra and parc genes were identical to the corresponding regions of the e. coli gyra and parc proteins, respectively. we examined 40 clinical strains of e. cloacae isolated from patients with urinary ... | 1997 | 9372424 |
| sequence of a melibiose transporter gene of enterobacter cloacae. | we cloned a fragment of the chromosomal dna of enterobacter cloacae, which enabled a melibiose-negative escherichia coli mutant lacking melb to grow on melibiose as the sole source of carbon. transformed cells harboring the hybrid plasmid carrying the cloned dna showed melibiose transport activity. the nucleotide sequence of the dna region was determined. one complete open reading frame (orf) and a part of another orf were found in the region, and the amino acid sequences were deduced. the compl ... | 1997 | 9375783 |
| [characterization of plasmids which mediate resistance to multiple antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria of nosocomial origin]. | the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in antimicrobial resistance of 10 strains of gramnegative bacilli (1 serratia marcescens; 2 escherichia coli; 1 proteus mirabilis; 4 klebsiella pneumoniae; 1 enterobacter cloacae y 1 alcaligenes faecalis), isolated from adult patients with nosocomial pulmonary infection at the in-patient facilities of the university hospital of los andes, mérida, venezuela, have been studied. | 1997 | 9376400 |
| ribotyping and random amplification of polymorphic dna for nosocomial enterobacter cloacae isolates in a pediatric intensive-care unit. | between 1987 and 1989, two sequential outbreaks of nosocomial infection caused by enterobacter cloacae occur-red in the pediatric intensive-care unit of a tertiary-care teaching hospital. seventeen strains retrieved from the outbreaks and two control strains identified in other wards were typed by ribotyping and random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd). the results indicated that the genomic pattern of strains identified between the first and second outbreaks was different. we conclude tha ... | 1997 | 9397373 |
| purification, properties, and sequence of glycerol trinitrate reductase from agrobacterium radiobacter. | glycerol trinitrate (gtn) reductase, which enables agrobacterium radiobacter to utilize gtn and related explosives as sources of nitrogen for growth, was purified and characterized, and its gene was cloned and sequenced. the enzyme was a 39-kda monomeric protein which catalyzed the nadh-dependent reductive scission of gtn (km = 23 microm) to glycerol dinitrates (mainly the 1,3-isomer) with a ph optimum of 6.5, a temperature optimum of 35 degrees c, and no dependence on metal ions for activity. i ... | 1997 | 9401040 |
| wild-type escherichia coli grows on the chitin disaccharide, n,n'-diacetylchitobiose, by expressing the cel operon. | we report here that wild-type escherichia coli can grow on the chitin disaccharide, n,n'-diacetylchitobiose (glcnac)2, as the sole source of carbon. transposon mutants were isolated that were unable to ferment (glcnac)2 but grew normally on the monosaccharide glcnac. one such mutant was used to screen a wild-type e. coli genomic cosmid library for restoration of (glcnac)2 fermentation. a partial sequence analysis of the isolated fragment mapped the clone to the (previously sequenced) e. coli gen ... | 1997 | 9405618 |
| [penetration of meropenem in gram-negative bacilli. differences in activity with imipenem]. | the outer membrane of gramnegative bacteria cell-wall contain channels formed by proteins known as porins, which facilitate the penetration of molecules into the cell. imipenem and meropenem possess an important intrinsic activity against most gramnegative bacteria due to their high affinity for the penicillin-binding proteins pbp-2 and/or pbp-3. meropenem is slightly more active against certain species of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and nonfermenters bacilli. in this sense the di ... | 1997 | 9410063 |
| [meropenem: microbiologic perspective]. | meropenem is a beta-lactamic carbapenem derived from thienamycin and is structurally characterized by the presence of a beta-methyl group in position c1 which confers stability to the molecule versus renal dehydropeptidase 1 (dhp-1), thereby making the coadministration of an enzyme inhibitor unnecessary. its esterochemical configuration of the lateral chain in c2 (dimethyl carbomoilpyrrolidenethium) increases the activity versus gram negative bacteria (enterobacteria and pseudomonas) and moreove ... | 1997 | 9410064 |
| [biovars and antibiotic resistance of enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from colonized newborns]. | a total of 120 strains of e. cloacae were isolated from colonized newborns in a maternity hospital (96 strains) and from inpatients of other hospitals (23 strains). biovars of these strains and of 1 reference strain were determined by two methods of biochemical typing and their sensitivity to 14 antibiotics assessed. the overwhelming majority of isolates from newborns were referred to type 2 according to typing after old (original) or to biovar 62 if typed using the modification of this method. ... | 1997 | 9410460 |
| production of escherichia coli group i-like heat-labile enterotoxin by enterobacteriaceae isolated from environmental water. | strains of klebsiella oxytoca (2), citrobacter freundii (2), enterobacter cloacae (1) and escherichia coli (1) isolated from environmental water were identified as heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) producing strains by immunological methods and polymerase chain amplification. a 322 bp amplified fragment was obtained with specific primers ltr and ltl, and hybridized to a digoxigenin-labelled ltb probe only under low stringency conditions, and not with a cholera toxin probe. these results suggest that ... | 1997 | 9418038 |
| enterobacter cloacae endophthalmitis: report of four cases. | members of the genus enterobacter are commensal organisms of the gastrointestinal tract and are considered pathogenic only for patients with lowered resistance to infection (e.g., chronic infection, cancer, or diabetes mellitus) or those with impaired immunity (congenital, acquired, or impaired immunity secondary to therapy). we report on four cases of endophthalmitis caused by enterobacter cloacae: two in patients with acute postoperative endophthalmitis, one in a patient with delayed bleb-rela ... | 1998 | 9431918 |
| repetitive sequence-based pcr versus pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for typing of enterococcus faecalis at the subspecies level. | repetitive sequence-based pcr was compared to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) for the ability to discriminate enterococcus faecalis isolates at the subspecies level. the boxa2r primer, derived from repetitive sequences in streptococcus pneumoniae, was applied to 41 isolates of e. faecalis collected from various sources. the rep1r-dt and rep2-dt primers, derived from the gram-negative repetitive extragenic palindromic element, were also applied to 18 selected isolates. of the 41 isolates ... | 1998 | 9431949 |
| first report of a human isolate of erwinia persicinus. | erwinia persicinus was first described in 1990 after being isolated from a variety of fruits and vegetables, including bananas, cucumbers, and tomatoes. in 1994, it was shown to be the causative agent of necrosis of bean pods. we now report the first human isolate of e. persicinus. the strain was isolated from the urine of an 88-year-old woman who presented with a urinary tract infection. by the hydroxyapatite method, dna from this strain was shown to be 94.5% related at 60 degrees c and 86% rel ... | 1998 | 9431957 |
| bacterial and ureaplasma colonization of the airway: radiologic findings in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | we designed this retrospective study to compare radiologic findings in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) in whom gram-positive cocci (gpc), gram-negative bacilli (gnb), or ureaplasma urealyticum were colonized. another objective was to correlate the radiologic findings of these patients with the clinical severity of bpd. | 1997 | 9447527 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of s-4661, a new carbapenem. | the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of s-4661, a new 1beta-methylcarbapenem, were compared with those of imipenem, meropenem, biapenem, cefpirome, and ceftazidime. the activity of s-4661 against methicillin-susceptible staphylococci and streptococci was comparable to that of imipenem, with an mic at which 90% of the strains tested were inhibited (mic90) equal to 0.5 microg/ml or less. s-4661 was highly active against members of the family enterobacteriaceae, haemophilus influenzae, ... | 1998 | 9449267 |
| sequences of homologous beta-lactamases from clinical isolates of serratia marcescens with different substrate specificities. | genes for two group 1 beta-lactamases, srt-1 and sst-1, were sequenced. these beta-lactamases were produced by clinical isolates of serratia marcescens, isolates gn16694 and gn19450, respectively. the resulting enzymes were 96% identical. srt-1 hydrolyzed oxyimino cephalosporins, but sst-1 hardly hydrolyzed them. at residue 213 in the third motif, which is conserved among group 1 beta-lactamases, srt-1 and sst-1 had lys and glu, respectively. by site-directed mutagenesis, the substitution of glu ... | 1998 | 9449282 |
| some properties and action mode of (1-->4)-alpha-l-guluronan lyase from enterobacter cloacae m-1. | an intracellular alginate lyase was purified from enterobacter cloacae m-1 by successive fractionation on q sepharose ff, sp sepharose ff, and sephacryl s-200 hr. the purified enzyme gave a single band on sds-page and isoelectric focusing. the enzyme easily degraded polyguluronate and produced unsaturated oligoguluronic acids with a wide range of dp. the major end product of the enzyme reaction on polyguluronate was unsaturated triuronic acid. the pattern of oligoguluronic acids (dp 2-9) generat ... | 1997 | 9449764 |
| immuno-detection of the virulence determinant ompx at the cell surface of enterobacter cloacae. | a model for the topology of the enterobacter cloacae outer membrane protein ompx has been proposed, based on the primary sequence and on analogy to homologous proteins. according to this model the membrane embedded part of the protein consists of eight antiparallel beta-strands. four random coil loops are located at the bacterial surface and three beta-turns at the periplasmic side of the membrane. antibodies were raised against synthetic peptides representing five ompx domains, four of which ar ... | 1998 | 9453162 |
| occurrence of virulence-associated properties in enterobacter cloacae. | enterobacter cloacae is not a primary human pathogen but has been considered to be an important cause of nosocomial infections. even so, there are almost no reports on its ability to produce recognized virulence-associated properties. in this study, we show that most of the e. cloacae strains examined were resistant to serum bactericidal activity and were able to produce aerobactin and mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin, and all of them could adhere to and invade hep-2 cells. since e. cloacae is pa ... | 1998 | 9453621 |
| epidemiology and diagnosis of hiv-associated periodontal diseases. | a review of periodontal disease as a manifestation of hiv infection suggests a shift in emphasis over the past 5 years. initially the focus was on newly described forms of periodontal disease (i.e., hiv-associated gingivitis or linear gingival erythema (lge); hiv-associated periodontitis or necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (nup). while the clinical definition of lge varies from study to study, an association between lge and candida infection has been described. furthermore, the prevalence of ... | 1997 | 9456678 |
| microbiological and clinical aspects of infection associated with stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | the gram-negative bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly recognized as an important cause of nosocomial infection. infection occurs principally, but not exclusively, in debilitated and immunosuppressed individuals. management of s. maltophilia-associated infection is problematic because many strains of the bacterium manifest resistance to multiple antibiotics. these difficulties are compounded by methodological problems in in vitro susceptibility testing for which there are, as y ... | 1998 | 9457429 |
| in-vitro antimicrobial activity of hsr-903, a new fluoroquinolone, against clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae with fluoroquinolone resistance-associated amino acid alterations in gyra and parc. | | 1997 | 9462448 |
| alcaligenes eutrophus as a bacterial chromate sensor. | in alcaligenes eutrophus ch34, determinants encoding inducible resistance to chromate (chr) and to cobalt and nickel (cnr) are located adjacent to each other on plasmid pmol28. to develop metal-sensing bacterial strains, a cloned part of plasmid pmol28, which contains both determinants, was mutated with tn5-lacz. the chr::lacz fusions were specifically induced by chromium; cnr was induced best by ni2+ but was also induced by co2+, mn2+, chromate, cu2+, cd2+, and zn2+. the broad-host-range incp1 ... | 1998 | 9464379 |
| prevalence of broad-host-range lytic bacteriophages of sphaerotilus natans, escherichia coli, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | two bacteriophage collections were examined with regard to their ability to form plaques on multiple bacterial host species. nine of 10 phages studied were found to be broad-host-range bacteriophages. these phages fell into two groups. group 1, the sn series, was isolated from sewage treatment plant samples with sphaerotilus natans atcc 13338 as a host. the dnas of these bacteriophages contained modified bases and were insensitive to cleavage by type i and ii restriction endonucleases. the effic ... | 1998 | 9464396 |
| identification of bacterial isolates obtained from intestinal contents associated with 12,000-year-old mastodon remains. | mastodon (mammut americanum) remains unearthed during excavation of ancient sediments usually consist only of skeletal material, due to postmortem decomposition of soft tissues by microorganisms. two recent excavations of skeletal remains in anoxic sediments in ohio and michigan, however, have uncovered organic masses which appear to be remnants of the small and large intestines, respectively. macrobotanical examinations of the composition of these masses revealed assemblages of plant material r ... | 1998 | 9464403 |
| rapid detection of candida albicans in clinical samples by dna amplification of common regions from c. albicans-secreted aspartic proteinase genes. | laboratory diagnosis based on genomic amplification methods such as pcr may provide an alternative and more sensitive method than conventional culture for the early detection of deep-seated candidiasis, an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. a novel method of dna extraction from clinical samples based on treatment with proteinase k and isolation of dna on a silica membrane was developed. the targets used for dna amplification were the candida albicans-se ... | 1998 | 9466748 |
| involvement of outer membrane protein tolc, a possible member of the mar-sox regulon, in maintenance and improvement of organic solvent tolerance of escherichia coli k-12. | escherichia coli mutants with improved organic solvent tolerance levels showed high levels of outer membrane protein tolc and inner membrane protein acra. the tolc level was regulated positively by mara, rob, or soxs. a possible mar-rob-sox box sequence was found upstream of the tolc gene. these findings suggest that tolc is a member of the mar-sox regulon responsive to stress conditions. when a defective tolc gene was transferred to n-hexane- or cyclohexane-tolerant strains by p1 transduction, ... | 1998 | 9473050 |
| identification of the fucose synthetase gene in the colanic acid gene cluster of escherichia coli k-12. | gdp-l-fucose, the substrate for fucosyltransferases for addition of fucose to polysaccharides or glycoproteins in both procaryotes and eucaryotes, is made from gdp-d-mannose. l-fucose is a component of bacterial surface antigens, including the extracellular polysaccharide colanic acid produced by most escherichia coli strains. we previously sequenced the e. coli colanic acid gene cluster and identified one of the gdp-l-fucose biosynthetic pathway genes, gmd. we report here the identification of ... | 1998 | 9473059 |
| reductive and hydrolytic activities of enteric bacteria on food colours. | reductive and hydrolytic activities on two food colours namely metanil yellow and indigo carmine by different strains of enteric bacteria were evaluated. enteric bacteria possessed both reductive and hydrolytic capabilities which depended upon the incubation period and the type of strain. in certain bacterial strains, (escherichia coli and vibrio sp.), reductive activity was visible after 3 hr. other enteric strains showed an increasing activity right from the beginning of incubation. enterobact ... | 1997 | 9475071 |
| course and management of renal subcapsular abscess in a 63-year-old diabetic woman. | renal subcapsular abscess is a very rare disease that is defined by a suppurative process localized to a space between the renal capsule and the renal parenchyma. the course and management of subcapsular abscesses have received less attention than those of renal and perirenal abscesses. we describe a 63-year-old diabetic woman who presented with intermittent fever of 1 month's duration. she was initially treated for suspected acute pyelonephritis then referred to our hospital because of poor cli ... | 1998 | 9481071 |
| salmonella typhimurium encodes an sdia homolog, a putative quorum sensor of the luxr family, that regulates genes on the virulence plasmid. | quorum sensing is a phenomenon in which bacteria sense and respond to their own population density by releasing and sensing pheromones. in gram-negative bacteria, quorum sensing is often performed by the luxr family of transcriptional regulators, which affect phenotypes as diverse as conjugation, bioluminescence, and virulence gene expression. the gene encoding one luxr family member, named sdia (suppressor of cell division inhibition), is present in the escherichia coli genome. in this report, ... | 1998 | 9495757 |
| mppa, a periplasmic binding protein essential for import of the bacterial cell wall peptide l-alanyl-gamma-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelate. | mutants of a diaminopimelic acid (dap)-requiring strain of escherichia coli were isolated which failed to grow on media in which dap was replaced by the cell wall murein tripeptide, l-alanyl-gamma-d-glutamyl-mesodiaminopimelate. in one such mutant, which is oligopeptide permease (opp) positive, we have identified a new gene product, designated mppa (murein peptide permease a), that is about 46% identical to oppa, the periplasmic binding protein for opp. a plasmid carrying the wild-type mppa gene ... | 1998 | 9495761 |
| [multiple organ failure with several weeks' persistence of ards: successful therapy with methylprednisolone]. | a 21-year-old female who had developed ileus underwent abdominal surgery for adhesiolysis. because of postoperative bleeding she required repeated surgical reexploration. subsequently, the patient developed abdominal sepsis (enterobacter cloacae) and, on day 11 of mechanical ventilation, severe adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards) (lung injury score 3.5, pao2/fio2 55 mmhg). despite clearing the abdominal situation, chest films showed persisting and new pulmonary infiltrates, leucocytosis, ... | 1997 | 9498890 |
| isolation, characterization, and transfer of cryptic gene-mobilizing plasmids in the wheat rhizosphere. | a set of self-transmissible plasmids with incq plasmid-mobilizing capacity was isolated by triparental exogenous isolation from the wheat rhizosphere with an escherichia coli incq plasmid host and a ralstonia eutropha recipient. three plasmids of 38 to 45 kb, denoted pipo1, pipo2, and pipo3, were selected for further study. no selectable traits (antibiotic or heavy-metal resistance) were identified in these plasmids. the plasmids were characterized by replicon typing via pcr and hybridization wi ... | 1998 | 9501428 |
| enzyme characteristics of beta-d-galactosidase- and beta-d-glucuronidase-positive bacteria and their interference in rapid methods for detection of waterborne coliforms and escherichia coli. | bacteria which were beta-d-galactosidase and beta-d-glucuronidase positive or expressed only one of these enzymes were isolated from environmental water samples. the enzymatic activity of these bacteria was measured in 25-min assays by using the fluorogenic substrates 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-galactoside and 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide. the enzyme activity, enzyme induction, and enzyme temperature characteristics of target and nontarget bacteria in assays aimed at detecting colifo ... | 1998 | 9501441 |
| species-specific and ubiquitous-dna-based assays for rapid identification of staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus is the cause of serious infections in humans, including endocarditis, deep-seated abscesses, and bacteremia, which lead to toxic and septic shock syndromes. rapid and direct identification of this bacterium specifically and ubiquitously directly from clinical specimens would be useful in improving the diagnosis of s. aureus infections in the clinical microbiology laboratory. a wide variety of kits based on biochemical characteristics efficiently identify s. aureus, but the ... | 1998 | 9508283 |
| transtorine, a new quinoline alkaloid from ephedra transitoria. | transtorine (1), a new quinoline alkaloid, isolated from the aerial part of ephedra transitoria by column chromatography, was identified as 4-quinolone-2-carboxylic acid. the structure was determined by spectroscopic methods. transtorine exhibited growth inhibitory activity against the common bacteria, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus. | 1998 | 9514010 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cs-834, a new oral carbapenem. | cs-834 is a prodrug of the carbapenem r-95867, developed by sankyo co., ltd., tokyo, japan. to investigate the possibility that cs-834 may be the first carbapenem usable in an oral dosage form, its in vitro antibacterial activity (as r-95867) and in vivo antibacterial activity were compared with those of cefpodoxime proxetil, cefditoren pivoxil, cefdinir, ofloxacin, imipenem, and amoxicillin. r-95867 had high levels of activity against methicillin-susceptible staphylococci and streptococci, incl ... | 1998 | 9517932 |
| plasmid-mediated resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins among enterobacter aerogenes strains. | resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins commonly develops in enterobacter aerogenes during therapy due to selection of mutants producing high levels of the chromosomal bush group 1 beta-lactamase. recently, resistant strains producing plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) have been isolated as well. a study was designed to investigate esbl production among 31 clinical isolates of e. aerogenes from richmond, va., with decreased susceptibility to expanded-spectrum cepha ... | 1998 | 9517938 |
| antimicrobial activity of novel furanonaphthoquinone analogs. | analogs of furanonaphthoquinone (fnq) from tecoma ipe mart had mics ranging from 1.56 to 25 microg/ml against gram-positive bacteria. fnq showed significantly lower mics against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus than against methicillin-sensitive s. aureus. fnq inhibited helicobacter pylori with an mic of 0.1 microg/ml. fungi, including pathogenic species, were sensitive to fnq with mics similar to those of amphotericin b. | 1998 | 9517956 |
| immunoreactivity of five monoclonal antibodies against the 37-kilodalton common cell wall protein (psaa) of streptococcus pneumoniae. | five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against the streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococcal surface adhesin a (psaa) 37-kda common cell wall protein. these antibodies were used in a dot immunoblot and western blot study of clinical isolates of s. pneumoniae to detect the presence of the protein. by both assays, the mabs reacted with clinical isolates representing the 23 type-specific serotypes present in the licensed pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. western blot analysis confirmed the ... | 1998 | 9521144 |
| [occurrence and susceptibility of hospital strains producing enzymes with a wide spectrum of substrate profiles]. | in connection with more and more frequent occurrence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases an effort has been made to detect their presence in the biological materials coming from the patients of different wards of mining hospital in sosnowiec from january to september 1995. among 38 diagnostic materials, from which the strains in question were isolated, the following materials have been examined: bronchial lavage (52.6%), surgical wounds (18.4%), urines (15.8%) and others (13.2%). the examined d ... | 1997 | 9523463 |
| aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase variants of the ib type with altered substrate profile in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. | three clinical isolates, enterobacter cloacae ec1562 and ec1563 and citrobacter freundii cfr564, displayed an aminoglycoside resistance profile evocative of low-level 6'-n acetyltransferase type ii [aac(6')-ii] production, which conferred reduced susceptibility to gentamicin but not to amikacin or isepamicin. aminoglycoside acetyltransferase assays suggested the synthesis in the three strains of an aac(6') which acetylated amikacin practically as well as it acetylated gentamicin in vitro. both c ... | 1998 | 9527761 |
| differential release of lipoteichoic and teichoic acids from streptococcus pneumoniae as a result of exposure to beta-lactam antibiotics, rifamycins, trovafloxacin, and quinupristin-dalfopristin. | the release of lipoteichoic acid (lta) and teichoic acid (ta) from a streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 strain during exposure to ceftriaxone, meropenem, rifampin, rifabutin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and trovafloxacin in tryptic soy broth was monitored by a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. at a concentration of 10 microg/ml, a rapid and intense release of lta and ta occurred during exposure to ceftriaxone (3,248+/-1,688 ng/ml at 3 h and 3,827+/-2,133 ng/ml at 12 h) and meropenem ... | 1998 | 9527772 |
| beta-lactamase inhibitors are substrates for the multidrug efflux pumps of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the mexab-oprm multidrug efflux system exports a number of antimicrobial compounds, including beta-lactams. in an attempt to define more fully the range of antimicrobial compounds exported by this system, and, in particular, to determine whether beta-lactamase inhibitors were also accommodated by the mexab-oprm pump, the influence of pump status (its presence or absence) on the intrinsic antibacterial activities of these compounds and on their abilities to enhance beta-lactam susceptibility in i ... | 1998 | 9527793 |
| characterization of fox-3, an ampc-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase from an italian isolate of klebsiella oxytoca. | klebsiella oxytoca 1731, which showed a wide spectrum of resistance to beta-lactams, including cefoxitin, was isolated in 1994 from a patient in genoa, italy. this strain contained a plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamase with a pi of 7.25. sequencing of the corresponding dna of k. oxytoca 1731 revealed 96 and 97% identities of the deduced amino acid sequence with fox-1 and fox-2, respectively. | 1998 | 9527810 |
| in-vitro and in-vivo antibacterial activity of cfc-222, a new fluoroquinolone. | cfc-222 is a novel fluoroquinolone with potent and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. the in-vitro and in-vivo activities of cfc-222 were compared with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin and sparfloxacin. against gram-positive bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus (quinolone-susceptible and quinolone-resistant), staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae and enterococcus faecalis, cfc-222 was more active than ciprofloxacin and similar to sparfloxacin. against gram-neg ... | 1998 | 9533464 |
| differential patterns of acquired virulence genes distinguish salmonella strains. | analysis of several salmonella typhimurium in vivo-induced genes located in regions of atypical base composition has uncovered acquired genetic elements that cumulatively engender pathogenicity. many of these regions are associated with mobile elements, encode predicted adhesin and invasin-like functions, and are required for full virulence. some of these regions distinguish broad host range from host-adapted salmonella serovars and may contribute to inherent differences in host specificity, tis ... | 1998 | 9539791 |
| [the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefozopran against clinically isolated bacteria]. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefozopran (czop) against recent clinical isolates was evaluated and compared with those of ceftazidime (caz), cefpirome (cpr), cefepime (cfpm), cefotaxime (ctx), sulbactam/cefoperazone (s/c), imipenem (ipm), oxacillin (mpipc), and flomoxef (fmox). mic80 values of czop for methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa, n = 41), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa, n = 57), streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 45), enterococus faecalis (n = 49), ... | 1997 | 9545668 |
| self-transmissible mercury resistance plasmids with gene-mobilizing capacity in soil bacterial populations: influence of wheat roots and mercury addition. | a set of mercury resistance plasmids was obtained from wheat rhizosphere soil amended or not amended with mercuric chloride via exogenous plasmid isolation by using pseudomonas fluorescens r2f, pseudomonas putida uwc1, and enterobacter cloacae be1 as recipient strains. the isolation frequencies were highest from soil amended with high levels of mercury, and the isolation frequencies from unamended soil were low. with p. putida uwc1 as the recipient, the isolation frequency was significantly enha ... | 1998 | 9546155 |
| in vitro activity of enoxacin versus ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, and rufloxacin against uropathogens. | minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin and rufloxacin were determined against 400 uropathogens cultured from the urine of patients with complicated and/or hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (uti) using an agar dilution method. the bacterial spectrum consisted of entero-bacteriaceae (34.5%), enterococci (31.5%), staphylococci (21.2%) and non-fermenting bacteria (12.8%). enoxacin inhibited all but one strain (ente ... | 1998 | 9551236 |
| eric-pcr typing profiles of enterobacter cloacae are stable after development of advanced cephalosporin resistance. | enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) sequence polymerase chain reaction genotype profiles of enterobacter cloacae were prepared for paired isolates which were obtained before and after the high level expression of the chromosomal cephalosporinase. these profiles were homologous within strain pairs which suggests that the acquired resistance does not lead to major chromosomal alterations. eric genotypes are therefore reliable markers in epidemiological investigations where antib ... | 1997 | 9552712 |
| therapeutic effects of monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates in combination with a nitrogen mustard anticancer prodrug in models of human renal cell carcinoma. | a panel of 13 renal cell carcinoma cell lines was evaluated for the expression of antigens recognized by the l6 and l49 monoclonal antibodies. all of the cell lines were strongly positive for the l6 antigen, and 9/13 bound 96.5, which, like the l49 monoclonal antibody, recognizes the p97 melanotransferrin antigen. the l6 and l49 antibodies were chemically conjugated to enterobacter cloacae beta-lactamase (bl), and their abilities to effect site-selective anticancer prodrug activation on two of t ... | 1998 | 9554883 |
| cefepime versus ceftriaxone for empiric treatment of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. the cefepime study group. | effective empiric treatment of pneumonia requires antibiotic coverage against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, including drug-resistant isolates. we compared the safety and efficacy of intravenous (i.v.) cefepime (2 g administered every 12 h) to those of i.v. ceftriaxone (1 g administered every 12 h) for the empiric treatment of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. of the 115 patients randomized to the study, 86 (cefepime recipients, n = 40; ceftriaxone recipients, ... | 1998 | 9559773 |
| dna-dependent rna polymerase from enterobacter cloacae is closely related to escherichia coli. | the rna polymerase holoenzyme (rnap) of enterobacter cloacae was purified by gel filtration and heparin affinity chromatography and shown to consist of four subunits (beta', beta, alpha and sigma) of 156, 151, 45 and 82 kda, as measured by sds-page. the 82 kda protein was shown to be related to the escherichia coli primary sigma factor by western blot analysis with polyclonal antisera raised against purified e. coli sigma 70. functional reconstitution of e. cloacae core enzyme with purified e. c ... | 1997 | 9570143 |
| resistance to oxyimino beta-lactams due to a mutation of chromosomal beta-lactamase in citrobacter freundii. | the duplicative mutation of an ala-val-arg sequence at positions 208 to 210 in the loop structure of enterobacter cloacae class c beta-lactamase caused substrate specificity extension to oxyimino beta-lactam antibiotics and this chromosomal mutation provided bacterial cells with high resistance to the beta-lactams (m. nukaga et al, 1995, j. biol. chem. 270, 5729-5735). in order to confirm the universality of this phenomenon among other class c beta-lactamases, the duplicative mutation was applie ... | 1998 | 9570281 |
| in vitro activity of cefpirome against microorganisms isolated in haematology, oncology and intensive care units in switzerland. | the in vitro activity of cefpirome, a new parenteral fourth-generation cephalosporin, was investigated in the 5 university hospitals of switzerland, and compared to 9 other antibiotics mainly used in hospitals, such as ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, piperacillin, imipenem, gentamicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. a total number of 992 strains collected only from intensive care units and haematology-oncology units were tested by microdilution according to nccls. cefpirome showe ... | 1997 | 9571744 |
| overproduction of l-cysteine and l-cystine by escherichia coli strains with a genetically altered serine acetyltransferase. | organisms that overproduced l-cysteine and l-cystine from glucose were constructed by using escherichia coli k-12 strains. cyse genes coding for altered serine acetyltransferase, which was genetically desensitized to feedback inhibition by l-cysteine, were constructed by replacing the methionine residue at position 256 of the serine acetyltransferase protein with 19 other amino acid residues or the termination codon to truncate the carboxy terminus from amino acid residues 256 to 273 through sit ... | 1998 | 9572924 |
| persistence of a multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa clone in an intensive care burn unit. | long-term colonization of various body sites with a multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa clone (resistant to piperacillin, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem, cefepime, cefpirome, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, minocycline, and aminoglycosides) with subsequent severe infections in burn patients has not been reported previously. thirty-nine isolates of multidrug-resistant p. aeruginosa (resistant to ceftazidime and at least three of the agents listed above) recovered from various cli ... | 1998 | 9574703 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1995). i. susceptibility distribution]. | the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 704 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (utis) in 11 hospitals during the period of june 1995 to may 1996. of the above bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 29.8% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 70.2% and most of them were escherichia coli. susceptibilities of several isolated bacteria to anti ... | 1997 | 9575353 |
| [survey of the sensitivities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents (annual report)]. | research groups were formed in 21 institutions nationwide to investigate carbapenem resistance. the activities of various antibacterial agents, principally carbapenems were tested against clinical isolates collected from these institutions. the broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 17 antibacterial agents for 1,282 strains of 11 bacterial species isolated at all institutions between october and december 1995. the results were as follows: ... | 1998 | 9575436 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1996). i. susceptibility distribution]. | the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 680 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (utis) in 10 hospitals during the period of june 1996 to may 1997. of the above bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 30.4% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 69.6% and most of them were escherichia coli. susceptabilities of several isolated bacteria to anti ... | 1998 | 9575437 |
| cefepime and amikacin synergy in vitro and in vivo against a ceftazidime-resistant strain of enterobacter cloacae. | the activities of cefepime and amikacin alone or in combination against an isogenic pair of enterobacter cloacae strains (wild type and stably derepressed, ceftazidime-resistant mutant) were compared using an experimental model of pneumonia in non-leucopenic rats. animals were infected by administering 8.4 log10 cfu of e. cloacae intratracheally, and therapy was initiated 12 h later. at that time, the animals' lungs showed bilateral pneumonia and contained more than 7 log10 e. cloacae cfu/g tiss ... | 1998 | 9578163 |
| structural and functional implications of sequence diversity of pseudomonas aeruginosa genes oric, ampc and flic. | sequence analysis of three representative gene loci, oric, ampc and flic, in 19 pseudomonas aeruginosa strains revealed a low sequence diversity that does not correlate with the extensive diversity of p. aeruginosa habitats. single point mutations lead to a mean sequence diversity of 0.40%, 0.38% and 0.59% for oric, ampc and a-type flic, respectively, but of only 0.05% for b-type flagellin genes. the analyzed genes encode highly conserved functions that are subject to strong selective pressure. ... | 1998 | 9588800 |
| a237t as a modulating mutation in naturally occurring extended-spectrum tem-type beta-lactamases. | a tem-1 beta-lactamase derivative containing the single amino acid substitution a237t slightly increased (from 24 to 32 microg/ml) the cephalothin mic for escherichia coli ryc1000 but did not influence the activities of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and aztreonam (mics of 0.03, 0.12, and 0.06 microg/ml, respectively). despite its apparent neutrality, addition of the a237t mutation to the pair of mutations characterizing tem-10 (r164s and e240k) had a strong effect on substrate preference. ceftazidime ... | 1998 | 9593123 |
| chromosomally encoded ampc-type beta-lactamase in a clinical isolate of proteus mirabilis. | a clinical strain of proteus mirabilis (cf09) isolated from urine specimens of a patient displayed resistance to amoxicillin (mic >4,096 microg/ml), ticarcillin (4,096 microg/ml), cefoxitin (64 microg/ml), cefotaxime (256 microg/ml), and ceftazidime (128 microg/ml) and required an elevated mic of aztreonam (4 microg/ml). clavulanic acid did not act synergistically with cephalosporins. two beta-lactamases with apparent pis of 5.6 and 9.0 were identified by isoelectric focusing on a gel. substrate ... | 1998 | 9593136 |
| interactions of beta-lactamases with sanfetrinem (gv 104326) compared to those with imipenem and with oral beta-lactams. | sanfetrinem is a trinem beta-lactam which can be administered orally as a hexatil ester. we examined whether its beta-lactamase interactions resembled those of the available carbapenems, i.e., stable to ampc and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases but labile to class b and functional group 2f enzymes. the comparator drugs were imipenem, oral cephalosporins, and amoxicillin. mics were determined for beta-lactamase expression variants, and hydrolysis was examined directly with representative enzymes ... | 1998 | 9593145 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of msi-78, a magainin analog. | msi-78 is a cationic peptide with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and is being developed as a topical agent. we compared the in vitro activity of msi-78 with those of ofloxacin and other antibiotics against fresh clinical isolates. based on mic distribution statistics, strains for which the msi-78 mic was < or = 64 micro/ml were assumed to be susceptible for purposes of this report. of 411 aerobic isolates tested, 91% were susceptible to msi-78, compared to 91% for ofloxacin and 92% for ci ... | 1998 | 9593152 |
| meropenem versus cefuroxime plus gentamicin for treatment of serious infections in elderly patients. | in this multicenter study, the efficacy of and tolerability for meropenem were compared with those for the combination of cefuroxime-gentamicin (+/- metronidazole) for the treatment of serious bacterial infections in patients > or = 65 years of age. a total of 79 patients were randomized; thirty-nine received meropenem (1 g/8 h), and 40 received cefuroxime (1.5 g/8 h) plus gentamicin (4 mg/kg of body weight daily) for 5 to 10 days. metronidazole (500 mg/6 h) could be added to the cefuroxime-gent ... | 1998 | 9593156 |
| antibacterial activities and inhibitory effects of sitafloxacin (du-6859a) and its optical isomers against type ii topoisomerases. | the in vitro inhibitory effects of sitafloxacin (du-6859a) and its three stereoisomers on bacterial dna gyrase from escherichia coli, topoisomerase iv from staphylococcus aureus, and topoisomerase ii from human placenta were compared. no correlation was observed between the inhibitory activities of quinolones against bacterial type ii topoisomerases and those against human topoisomerase ii. sitafloxacin showed the most potent inhibitory activities against bacterial type ii topoisomerases and the ... | 1998 | 9593169 |
| [bacteremia after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with and without therapeutic procedure: frequency, associated factors and clinical significance]. | to determine the frequency, associate factors and clinical features of bacteremia in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp), with or without therapeutic procedures. | 1997 | 9595746 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa lasr transcription correlates with the transcription of lasa, lasb, and toxa in chronic lung infections associated with cystic fibrosis. | the role of pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing systems in the lung infections associated with cystic fibrosis (cf) has not been examined. the purpose of this study was to determine if genes regulated by the lasr-lasi quorum-sensing system were coordinately regulated by the p. aeruginosa populations during the lung infections associated with cf. we also wanted to ascertain if there was a relationship between the expression of lasr, a transcriptional regulator, and some p. aeruginosa virulence ... | 1998 | 9596711 |
| characterization of the type 3 fimbrial adhesins of klebsiella strains. | the klebsiella pneumoniae fimbrial adhesin, mrkd, mediates adherence to the basolateral surfaces of renal and pulmonary epithelia and to the basement membranes of tissues. although all isolates possessing the mrkd adhesin mediate the agglutination, in vitro, of erythrocytes treated with tannic acid, the mrkd gene is not conserved within species. the ability of a plasmid-borne mrkd gene product to mediate binding to type v collagen is associated frequently with strains of k. oxytoca and rarely wi ... | 1998 | 9596764 |
| comparison of in vitro activity of trovafloxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms with quinolones and beta-lactam antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of trovafloxacin against 721 gram-negative and 498 gram-positive organisms was determined by the standard microdilution broth method using commercially prepared frozen microtiter plates. the activity of trovafloxacin was compared to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam (1:1), piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, and imipenem. trovafloxacin had equal or greater activity compared with the other agents tested against citrobacter diversus, en ... | 1998 | 9597391 |
| [development of resistance and utilization of fluoroquinolones in a university hospital]. | the results of a retrospective study in the faculty hospital, hradec králové (fhhk) show a steep increase in the consumption of fluoroquinolones in the course of six years. since 1989, when 360 defined daily doses (ddd) were administered, the consumption increased to 2,825 ddds in 1992 and 52,162 ddds in 1995. at the same time, resistance to ofloxacine and ciprofloxacine was increased many times in some bacterial species isolated from patients admitted to fhhk. in the strains pseudomonas aerugin ... | 1997 | 9600142 |
| imipenem resistance in aerobic gram-negative bacteria. | a prospective study was undertaken to observe the emergence of resistance to imipenem, if any, among aerobic gram-negative bacteria. a total of 736 isolates were tested during 1994-95 and less than 1% of them were resistant to imipenem, whereas the next year ('95-'96) the rate increased to 11 of the 903 isolates tested. the resistant isolates during '94-'95 were all stenotrophomonas maltophilia whereas the spectrum of resistant bacterial species increased in '95-'96 to include pseudomonas aerugi ... | 1998 | 9603633 |
| phosphoenolpyruvate phosphomutase activity in an l-phosphonoalanine-mineralizing strain of burkholderia cepacia | a strain of burkholderia cepacia isolated by enrichment culture utilized l-2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid (phosphonoalanine) at concentrations up to 20 mm as a carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus source in a phosphate-insensitive manner. cells contained phosphoenolpyruvate phosphomutase activity, presumed to be responsible for cleavage of the c---p bond of phosphonopyruvate, the transamination product of l-phosphonoalanine; this was inducible in the presence of phosphonoalanine. | 1998 | 9603854 |
| sensitivities and specificities of premier e. coli o157 and premier ehec enzyme immunoassays for diagnosis of infection with verotxin (shiga-like toxin)-producing escherichia coli. the synsorb pk study investigators. | this study describes the performance of two rapid enzyme immunoassays, premier e. coli o157 and premier ehec (meridian diagnostics inc., cincinnati, ohio) for the detection in stools of escherichia coli o157 and verotoxins (shiga-like toxins), respectively. both tests were performed on stools from 876 children presenting to eight emergency departments with diarrhea. standard culture, including e. coli o157:h7 isolation, was performed, and paired sera were taken for anti-o157-lipopolysaccharide a ... | 1998 | 9620386 |
| microscopic examination and broth culture of cerebrospinal fluid in diagnosis of meningitis. | we reviewed the results of microscopic gram stain examination and routine culture for 2,635 cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples processed in an adult hospital microbiology laboratory during 55 months. there were 56 instances of bacterial or fungal meningitis (16 associated with central nervous system [cns] shunt infection), four infections adjacent to the subarachnoid space, four cases of sepsis without meningitis, and an additional 220 csf specimens with positive cultures in which the organism is ... | 1998 | 9620388 |
| factors affecting attachment of enterobacter cloacae to germinating cotton seed | | 1998 | 9622569 |
| initial concentration-time profile of gentamicin determines efficacy against enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047. | in vitro studies were designed to investigate the influence of peak drug concentration (cmax), the area under the concentration-time curve (auc), and, consequently, the trough concentration on the bactericidal effects of gentamicin against enterobacter cloacae (mic, 0.5 mg/liter) by simulating bolus versus infusion administration and bolus dosing with altered drug clearance. bacteria in the lag phase were exposed to gentamicin concentration-time profiles modelling either bolus or infusion dosing ... | 1998 | 9624478 |
| oral antimicrobial prophylaxis in bone marrow transplant recipients: randomized trial of ciprofloxacin versus ciprofloxacin-vancomycin. | the optimal oral antimicrobial prophylactic regimen for bone marrow transplant recipients remains to be elucidated. we randomized 84 patients to receive either oral ciprofloxacin or ciprofloxacin plus vancomycin at hospital admission. patients were monitored for bacteremias and clinical parameters, and stool and throat swab surveillance cultures were performed. the addition of vancomycin resulted in a significant decrease in the frequency of patients with surveillance cultures positive for coagu ... | 1998 | 9624484 |