Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| infectious discitis caused by enterobacter cloacae. | the case is reported of a patient who developed a vertebral osteomyelitis caused by enterobacter cloacae. the organism was isolated in cultures of blood and vertebral puncture biopsy samples. the patient was satisfactorily treated with trimethroprim and sulphamethoxazole. enterobacter cloacae, a gram negative organism, has been confirmed as the cause of bacteremia in patients with burns, urinary infections, in adults with pneumonia, and in children with joint infections. spondylodiscitis caused ... | 1992 | 1632668 |
| factors involved in the enhanced efficacy against gram-negative bacteria of fourth generation cephalosporins. | the fourth generation cephalosporins, cefpirome and cefepime, demonstrate better activity against strains of enterobacter cloacae with derepressed beta-lactamase than the third generation compounds cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. several methodological refinements were used to measure the parameters, predicted by the zimmermann-rosselet equation to be important in the efficacy of beta-lactams. outer membrane permeability was measured by a novel hplc method. the kinetics of interaction of purified be ... | 1992 | 1601751 |
| infectious complications after human small bowel transplantation. | 1992 | 1604604 | |
| bacterial mediastinitis after heart transplantation. | bacterial mediastinal abscess or mediastinitis developed in nine (2.5%) of 361 consecutive patients who underwent isolated heart transplantation at the texas heart institute. all nine patients had at least one predisposing factor that may have contributed to the development of mediastinitis. these included insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, repeat operation for postoperative mediastinal hemorrhage, staphylococcus aureus pneumonitis, and cardiac allograft rejection in the early postoperative pe ... | 1992 | 1610862 |
| a diphasic immune response against bacteria in the american cockroach. | the adult cockroach generates an adaptive humoral immune response exhibiting specificity and immunological memory when immunized with soluble proteins. in contrast, the response induced by bacteria in holometabolous insects is non-specific and short term, generally losing activity after 72 hr. we have found that the roach generates a diphasic response when injected with bacteria, displaying an acute non-specific phase initially, which is then superseded by a second response that is relatively lo ... | 1992 | 1551700 |
| cellulitis caused by enterobacter cloacae. | 1992 | 1569317 | |
| the udp-n-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase of enterobacter cloacae. molecular cloning, sequencing of the gene and overexpression of the enzyme. | the udp-n-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (enolpyruvyltransferase, ec 2.5.1.7) which catalyses the first committed step in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan was purified to near homogeneity from enterobacter cloacae and the nh2-terminal amino-acid sequence determined. using the polymerase chain reaction a 53-bp dna fragment was synthesized; this fragment encodes the nh2-terminal sequence of the enzyme. a clone was then isolated which contained an open reading ... | 1992 | 1577165 |
| multicenter open-label study of parenteral ofloxacin in treatment of pyelonephritis in adults. | the efficacy and safety of parenteral ofloxacin were evaluated in an open, multicenter study of hospitalized patients with pyelonephritis. the patients received ofloxacin 400 mg iv as an initial dose followed by ofloxacin 200 mg iv b.i.d. for a minimum of three days. the patients could then continue ofloxacin orally 200 mg b.i.d. for a total of seven to fourteen days. the most common pathogens isolated were escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, and klebsiella pneumoniae. microbiologic eradicat ... | 1992 | 1580038 |
| application and assessment of cloacin typing of enterobacter cloacae. | three methods, o-serotyping, phage typing and susceptibility to bacteriocins, were used to type 357 clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae cultured from 219 patients. one hundred and sixty isolates were typed by serology and phage typing. when these two methods were used, primary classification of isolates was based on serology (65.7% typable) and phage typing for further subdivision (94.1% typable). when all the isolates were typed by cloacin susceptibility, 81.5% of them were typable. maxim ... | 1992 | 1373422 |
| use of a commercial double-test tablet (rosco pgua/indole) for screening of escherichia coli. | a commercial double-test tablet (rosco pgua/indole) for detection of beta-glucuronidase (beta-gur) activity and indole production was evaluated on a collection of 393 isolates of enterobacteria. both beta-gur and indole were positive on 96.6% of escherichia coli strains. beta-gur, only, was also detected in 25 shigella spp., four enterobacter cloacae, eight citrobacter freundii, and five salmonella enteritidis strains, none of which were indole producers. an additional 261 consecutive clinical i ... | 1992 | 1611844 |
| in vitro activity of cefquinome, a new cephalosporin, compared with other cephalosporin antibiotics. | the in vitro activity of cefquinome, a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with a c-3 bicyclic pyridinium group, was compared with ceftazidime, cefpirome, and cefepime. cefquinome inhibited members of the enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml for escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, salmonella shigella, proteus mirabilis, morganella, and providencia. although most citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae were inhibited by less than 2 ... | 1992 | 1611848 |
| outbreak of surgical wound infections associated with total hip arthroplasty. | describe an outbreak of surgical wound infections associated with total hip arthroplasty; identify risk factors for surgical wound infection during the pre-outbreak and outbreak periods. | 1992 | 1431000 |
| high prevalence of stably derepressed class-i beta-lactamase expression in multiresistant clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae from greek hospitals. | susceptibilities to cefotaxime (ctx) and ceftazidime (caz) were examined for 90 recent clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae from greek hospitals. most (68%) of the isolates were resistant to both drugs, and all were resistant to cefoxitin. beta-lactamase activities against cephaloridine in crude extracts from ctx-caz-resistant isolates were high, irrespective of whether or not the cells were grown with cefoxitin as an inducer of the chromosomal beta-lactamase, indicating stable derepression ... | 1992 | 1629903 |
| [a clinical study on panipenem/betamipron in chronic respiratory tract infections]. | panipenem/betamipron (cs-976, papm/bp), a new carbapenem antibiotic, was administered a single dose of 500 mg or 750 mg via intravenous drip infusion twice a day for treatment of chronic respiratory infection to study its clinical efficacy, bacteriological efficacy and safety. twenty nine cases were studied for the efficacy evaluation. only the safety evaluation was made in 6 cases which were judged to be unsuitable, because in some of them pneumonia and other diseases were not specified as the ... | 1992 | 1613969 |
| ru 29 246, the active compound of the cephalosporin-prodrug-ester hr 916. ii. stability to beta-lactamases and affinity for penicillin-binding proteins. | the aminothiazolyl-cephalosporin ru 29 246, the active metabolite of the prodrug-ester hr 916, is active against strains producing the widespread plasmid-encoded tem-1, tem-2 and shv-1 beta-lactamases. except for tem-7 the activity of ru 29 246 against strains producing extended broad spectrum beta-lactamases (tem-3, tem-5, tem-6, shv-2, shv-4, shv-5, cmy-1, ctx-m), however, is low. relative hydrolysis rates of ru 29 246 are comparable with those of cefpodoxime, the active metabolite of cs-807, ... | 1992 | 1592684 |
| pharmacokinetic disposition and bactericidal activities of cefepime, ceftazidime, and cefoperazone in serum and blister fluid. | cefepime is a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin with excellent gram-positive and gram-negative activity including activity against staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterobacter cloacae. the pharmacokinetic disposition of cefepime is similar to that of ceftazidime. we compared the pharmacokinetic characteristics and the extent and duration of bactericidal activity in serum and suction-induced blister fluid after single 2-g intravenous doses of cefepime, ceftazidime, and cefoperaz ... | 1992 | 1605609 |
| mechanism of inhibition of the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 by phosphonate monoesters. | the class c serine beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 was inhibited by a series of aryl methylphosphonate monoester monoanions. the effectiveness of these inhibitors was promoted by an acylamido substituent on the methyl group and a good leaving group at phosphorus. the former preference suggests that noncovalent interaction of these inhibitors with the enzyme resembles that of substrates, while the latter suggests that nucleophilic displacement at phosphorus occurs as part of the inhibi ... | 1992 | 1610830 |
| prevalence of a plasmid-mediated type ii dihydrofolate reductase gene among trimethoprim-resistant urinary pathogens in greek hospitals. | the genetic basis of trimethoprim resistance was examined in 24 klebsiella pneumoniae, 27 enterobacter cloacae, five enterobacter aerogenes and nine serratia marcescens urinary isolates from five hospitals in greece. analysis of the 65 isolates by serotyping and phage-typing identified 53 distinct strains. thirty-eight isolates (15 k. pneumoniae, 19 e. cloacae, two e. aerogenes and two s. marcescens) hybridized with a probe specific for a gene encoding type ii dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). thr ... | 1992 | 1607329 |
| trends in antibiotic utilization and bacterial resistance. report of the national nosocomial resistance surveillance group. | the increasing use of "third-generation" cephalosporins has been associated with a rising prevalence of resistant bacteria possessing type-i beta-lactamases. at millard fillmore hospital (buffalo, new york), we observed an unusually high occurrence of multiply resistant enterobacter cloacae infections, especially in the intensive care unit. susceptibilities were found to have declined substantially from 1988 to 1990, most notably for ceftazidime and mezlocillin, which decreased from 83% to 54% a ... | 1992 | 1737442 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of new quinolones against clinical isolates and resistant mutants. | the in-vitro activity of five new fluoroquinolones, win 57273, sparfloxacin, fleroxacin, temafloxacin and ciprofloxacin was determined against 543 recent clinical isolates and eight quinolone resistant strains derived by mutation and their five parent strains. win 57273 was the most active compound against gram-positive bacteria, sparfloxacin had a broad spectrum which was similar to that of ciprofloxacin. ciprofloxacin showed the greatest activity against gram-negative bacteria. temafloxacin sh ... | 1992 | 1737723 |
| use of ciprofloxacin in an infant with ventriculitis. | ciprofloxacin was used successfully in a neonate with ventriculitis caused by a multiply resistant strain of enterobacter cloacae. limited pharmacokinetic data indicated that adequate concentrations of drug could be attained in cerebrospinal fluid. | 1992 | 1640304 |
| infections during a randomized trial comparing cyclosporine to fk 506 immunosuppression in liver transplantation. | 1992 | 1371626 | |
| imipenem/cilastatin : a reappraisal of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. | imipenem is an antibacterial agent of the carbapenem class of β-lactams, with a very broad spectrum of activity that includes most gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, aerobes and anaerobes, and with marked activity against species producing β-lactamases. it is coadministered with cilastatin, a renal dehydropeptidase inhibitor that prevents renal metabolism of imipenem. as initial monotherapy, imipenem/cilastatin provides effective and well-tolerated treatment of moderate to severe infecti ... | 1992 | 28634918 |
| biotyping, phage typing, and o-serotyping of clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae. | the purpose of this study was to make an independent evaluation of the methods of bio-, phage-, and o-serotyping which had been used only in the laboratory of origin, and to assess the extent of possible cross-infection of enterobacter cloacae in a danish university hospital. the material consisted of 237 clinical isolates of e. cloacae from the clinical microbiology laboratory at hvidovre hospital. the typability of bio-, phage-, and serotyping was 100%, 83%, and 85%, respectively. reproducibil ... | 1993 | 7506916 |
| ribotyping of selected isolates of enterobacter cloacae and clinical data related to biotype, phage type, o-serotype, and ribotype. | in order to evaluate if ribotyping of selected isolates of enterobacter cloacae could further elucidate the epidemiology, we performed ribotyping of 109 isolates indistinguishable by bio-, phage-, and o-serotyping, with inconclusive typing results, or from patients with more than one isolate. ribotyping provided additional information, and some cases of cross-infection or common source of infection were revealed. under the supposition that isolates sharing the same ribotype were of the same orig ... | 1993 | 7506918 |
| lipopolysaccharide profile typing as a technique for comparative typing of gram-negative bacteria. | we have applied the technique of lipopolysaccharide (lps) profiling in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to the typing of 124 isolates of 12 gram-negative species from suspected outbreaks of infection. lps was prepared by proteinase k digestion or micro-phenol-water extraction. a total of 11 of the 12 species gave clear ladder band profiles, the exception being acinetobacter baumannii. when compared with conventional typing for enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa ... | 1993 | 7684751 |
| transducer related enterobacter cloacae sepsis in post-operative cardiothoracic patients. | the use of intra-arterial pressure monitoring devices in patients undergoing major cardiac surgery is on the increase. here we document an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae septicaemia among seven post-operative cardiothoracic patients. detailed investigations revealed the source of this nosocomial problem to be contaminated transducer heads. the need to follow strict aseptic measures in handling intra-arterial devices is emphasized, in order to minimize the morbidity and mortality in otherwise l ... | 1993 | 7905893 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones against clinical isolates obtained in 1989 and 1990. | the in vitro activity of nine fluoroquinolones, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, tosufloxacin, sparfloxacin, fleroxacin and levofloxacin, and two earlier quinolones, nalidixic acid and pipemidic acid, against 1,346 bacterial strains isolated clinically between 1989 and 1990, was evaluated by agar dilution method. the bacteria studied were staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains), staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus specie ... | 1993 | 7911351 |
| bacterial galvanotropism: mechanisms and applications. | galvanotropism is the process by which a cell alters its shape to grow directionally in response to an electric field. this phenomenon is known for a wide variety of eukaryotic cells but the first report of bacterial galvanotropism appeared only recently. escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae and (to a lesser extent) bacillus subtilis curve rapidly and reversibly towards the anode of a uniform electric field. the mechanism for the response is not known but two observations permit a degree of sp ... | 1993 | 7801091 |
| dna-based diagnostic tests for salmonella species targeting agfa, the structural gene for thin, aggregative fimbriae. | salmonella enteritidis 27655-3b and a few diarrheagenic escherichia coli strains produce morphologically and antigenically related, thin, aggregative fimbriae, collectively named gvvpq fimbriae (s. k. collinson, l. emödy, t. j. trust, and w. w. kay, j. bacteriol. 174:4490-4495, 1992). to determine whether gvvpq fimbriae are common to salmonella spp. and other enteropathogenic members of the family enterobacteriaceae, 113 isolates were phenotypically screened for congo red binding and aggregative ... | 1993 | 8104955 |
| transfer of plasmid rp4 from escherichia coli k-12 to indigenous bacteria of seawater. | transfer of plasmid rp4 from escherichia coli k-12 donor strain to bacteria isolated from seawater was shown to occur on filters and in sterile seawater incubated at 24 degrees c. ten of 12 seawater isolates tested were recipient active for rp4 when the plasmid transfers were assessed by filter matings. when matings were performed in sterile seawater, seven of the 12 isolates received rp4. in sterile seawater, the transfer of rp4 from e. coli to pseudomonads was more efficient than transfer betw ... | 1993 | 8111533 |
| molecular typing of enterobacter cloacae by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic restriction fragments. | eleven multiply resistant enterobacter cloacae isolates were obtained from eight preterm neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) of one hospital in osnabrück, together with one sensitive strain from another infant. the presence of similar antibiograms and biotypes in 11 isolates prompted further characterization of the isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of noti generated genomic restriction fragments. for assessment of the discriminatory power of this typing method 50 ... | 1993 | 7903083 |
| multipoint identification of enterobacteriaceae: report of the british society for microbial technology collaborative study. | to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of multipoint identification schemes in a multicentre trial. | 1993 | 8157751 |
| [bacterial reducing qualities of copper-containing and non-copper-containing materials. i. contamination and sedimentation in humid and dry conditions]. | in this examination the bactericide qualities of different materials were tested. particularly the effect of humidity was examined. 3 materials containing copper ("copper", "brass" and "brass sheet") and 2 materials not containing copper ("polyamide b" and "high-grade steel") were tested. the surfaces of the 5 types of material were contaminated with a suspension of 2 different bacteria species (staphylococcus aureus and micrococcus luteus). after defined exposure times the survival rate of the ... | 1993 | 8117392 |
| nosocomial infections in intensive care units: an overview of their epidemiology, outcome, and prevention. | among all hospitalized patients, icu patients are at greatest risk for both endemic and epidemic nosocomial infections. the highest infection rates are seen in surgical, burn, trauma, and neonatal icus. acquisition of infection is a major determinant of mortality in icus, and prolongs the length of icu stay. predominant pathogens include pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, and candida spp. they are more likely to be resistant to antimicrobial agents ... | 1993 | 7922399 |
| in-vitro activities of cefepime against enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas aeruginosa and other aerobic gram-negative bacilli. | infections caused by resistant bacterial pathogens such as citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa have become an increasing problem with respect to therapy in large medical centres in korea. the mics of cefepime for aerobic gram-negative bacilli isolated during 1991, mostly from in-patients in a hospital in seoul, were determined by the agar dilution method and compared with those of several other antimicrobials. of the agents tested, cefepime ... | 1993 | 8150765 |
| in-vitro activity of cefepime and other antimicrobials: survey of european isolates. | cefepime, a new cephalosporin which has a broad-spectrum of activity was tested in vitro against 1961 gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates obtained from european hospitals. cefepime was highly active against gram-negative organisms, inhibiting over 94% of strains tested. the overall susceptibility rate for cefepime against all isolates was 81%. cefepime was more active than any of the third-generation cephalosporins tested against species capable of producing type i beta-lactamases, ... | 1993 | 8150766 |
| multicenter comparison of in vitro activities of fk-037, cefepime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefuroxime. | in a multicenter study, the mics of fk-037 for 90% of the strains tested (mic90s) were < or = 1 microgram/ml for members of the family enterobacteriaceae other than citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp., and serratia marcescens. activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa was variable, with a mic50 and a mic90 of 4 and 32 micrograms/ml, respectively. relative to cefepime, however, fk-037 was less active against ceftazidime-resistant isolates of enterobacter cloacae. the mic90 of fk-037 for methici ... | 1993 | 8215286 |
| early bacterial infections in lung transplant recipients. | early bacterial pulmonary infections within 2 weeks after lung transplantation were studied in 29 patients undergoing surgery between december 1989 and may 1992. suspected pulmonary infections occurred in 11 patients (38 percent). the most common bacterial organisms isolated were klebsiella pneumoniae (45 percent; 5/11), pseudomonas aeruginosa (36 percent; 4/11), escherichia coli (27 percent; 3/11), staphylococcus aureus (18 percent; 2/11), and enterobacter cloacae (18 percent; 2/11). the mortal ... | 1993 | 8222797 |
| ampg, a signal transducer in chromosomal beta-lactamase induction. | the chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase in citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae is inducible by beta-lactam antibiotics. when an inducible ampc gene is introduced on a plasmid into escherichia coli together with its transcriptional regulator ampr, the plasmid-borne beta-lactamase is still inducible. we have isolated mutants, containing alterations in a novel e. coli gene, ampg, in which a cloned c. freundii ampc gene is unable to respond to beta-lactam inducers. the ampg gene was cloned, se ... | 1993 | 8231804 |
| an outbreak of gram-negative bacteremia traced to contaminated o-rings in reprocessed dialyzers. | to investigate an outbreak of gram-negative bacteremia in an outpatient hemodialysis unit and to identify the source of contaminating bacteria and the route by which bacteria gained access to the bloodstream. | 1993 | 8239225 |
| epidemiological fingerprinting of enterobacter cloacae by small-fragment restriction endonuclease analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic restriction fragments. | a cluster of infections caused by enterobacter cloacae was observed among preterm neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) of a pediatric hospital in osnabrück, germany. the presence of similar antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among the bacterial isolates prompted an investigation to determine whether a limited spread of a single strain existed. all 12 e. cloacae isolates from the nicu and 50 nonrelated strains were fingerprinted by small-fragment restriction endonuclease analysis ... | 1993 | 8093251 |
| enterobacter cloacae cross-colonization in neonates demonstrated by ribotyping. | the intestinal colonization by enterobacter cloacae strains with a derepressed cephalosporinase was studied in a paediatric ward between february 1990 and january 1991. environmental sampling was performed simultaneously. fifty-two isolates were recovered from 200 neonates (stool, blood) and 14 strains were isolated from the neonatal environment. an epidemiological study based on the typing of 36 enterobacter cloacae isolates was carried out using antibiotyping, biotyping and ribotyping methods. ... | 1993 | 8112352 |
| induction kinetics of immune antibacterial proteins in pupae of galleria mellonella and pieris brassicae. | 1. pupae of galleria mellonella and pieris brassicae given an injection with live, non-pathogenic enterobacter cloacae or abiotic foreign molecules induce an acquired immunity that corresponds with the synthesis of haemolymph proteins of antibacterial activity. 2. this humoral defensive response which persists for several days, differs quantitatively between insect species and between the inducers used, although very different foreign bodies induced the same immune proteins in both lepidopteran ... | 1993 | 8243062 |
| a comparative study of the numbers of bacteria present in enteral feeds prepared and administered in hospital and the home. | levels and types of bacterial contamination were compared in enteral feeds prepared and administered in hospital or in the home. samples of feed administered to children suffering from cystic fibrosis were collected for microbiological analysis immediately after preparation, immediately prior to use (unless administered after preparation) and at the end of feeding. no bacteria were detected in 51 (70%) of the 73 feeds sampled on the hospital ward, and in most of the remaining feeds viable counts ... | 1993 | 8095947 |
| the occurrence of inducible anti-escherichia coli activity in hemolymph from the migratory grasshopper, melanoplus sanguinipes. | 1. inducible antibacterial activity against an escherichia coli strain has been shown to occur in the hemolymph of melanoplus sanguinipes. 2. this anti-e. coli activity was induced by the infection with serratia marcescens or e. coli k12 but not enterobacter cloacae. 3. the greatest anti-e. coli activity was observed in hemolymph extracted from grasshoppers 6 hr after the injection of any of the two species of bacteria. 4. anti-e. coli activity disappeared in hemolymph extracted from grasshopper ... | 1993 | 8097445 |
| the use of colonization rate and epidemic index as tools to illustrate the epidemiology of faecal enterobacteriaceae strains in swedish neonatal wards. | the epidemiology of faecal gram-negative bacteria was studied in 953 infants from 22 neonatal special care wards in swedish hospitals. two complementary methods to measure presumed nosocomial transmission of bacterial strains were used: the prevalence rate of major (m) phenotypes (strains that had colonized at least 10% of the infants in a particular ward) and the epidemic index (ei) (which measures the probability of isolating identical strains from different infants in a ward). about 1500 stra ... | 1993 | 8099928 |
| evaluation of five different methods to prepare bacterial extracts for the identification of beta-lactamases by isoelectric focusing. | the x-press, osmotic shock, chloroform treatment, lysozyme treatment and ultrasonic disruption methods to release five different plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases from escherichia coli and one chromosomal beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae were compared. the main activities of tem-1, shv-1, oxa-1, oxa-2, pse-4 and chromosomal p99 beta-lactamases were found at the same isoelectric point irrespective of the method used. however, additional satellite bands were found with tem-1, oxa-1, oxa-2 a ... | 1993 | 8144421 |
| low-dosage cefepime as treatment for serious bacterial infections. | since infection develops in significant numbers of hospitalized patients, the problem of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins is of increasing concern. we evaluated the efficacy of cefepime 1 g bd as treatment for acute, moderately severe bacterial infection in 239 hospitalized patients (mean age 60 years). of these patients, 204 were evaluated clinically for urinary tract infection (uti) (n = 90), lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) (n = 70), skin and soft tissue infection (s/sti) ... | 1993 | 8150755 |
| in-vitro antibacterial activity of cefepime: a multicentre study. | the antimicrobial activity of cefepime, a new broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin, was evaluated in vitro against 1757 recent clinical gram-positive and gram-negative isolates. cefepime was active at low concentrations (mic50 values < or = 0.06 mg/l and mic90 values < or = 0.12 mg/l) against non-cephalosporinase-producing enterobacteriaceae (escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, salmonella spp. and shigella spp.). for klebsiella pneumoniae, mics were between 0.016 and 16 mg/l; the highest mic ... | 1993 | 8150767 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of cp-70,429 a new penem antibiotic. | in in vitro susceptibility tests, the new penem cp-70,429 showed potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria except pseudomonas aeruginosa and xanthomonas maltophilia. cp-70,429 was stable to various types of beta-lactamases except for the enzyme from x. maltophilia and was 16- to 128-fold more active than the other compounds against beta-lactamase-producing strains of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. | 1993 | 8363389 |
| resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in barbados. | resistance to third-generation, or extended-spectrum, cephalosporins caused by induction of class i beta-lactamases has been reported rarely from developing countries. seven isolates of cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative rods were recovered recently from urine, burns and ulcers in the queen elizabeth hospital, barbados. the isolates were identified as acinetobacter calcoaceticus (2), citrobacter freundii (1), enterobacter cloacae (1), morganella morganii (1), providencia stuartii (1) and prot ... | 1993 | 8367967 |
| endophthalmitis caused by enterobacter cloacae. | cataract extraction with placement of intraocular lenses is the most common intraocular procedure done today, with endophthalmitis as its most devastating complication. to our knowledge, this is only the third reported case of postoperative endophthalmitis caused by the gram-negative bacillus, enterobacter cloacae. the course of infection, the treatment, and the laboratory identification of this organism are presented. it is important to add this proven case of gram-negative endophthalmitis to o ... | 1993 | 8239327 |
| ex vivo pharmacodynamic study of piperacillin alone and in combination with tazobactam, compared with ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid. | ten volunteers received piperacillin (4 g), piperacillin (4 g) plus tazobactam (0.5 g) (tazocin), and ticarcillin (3 g) plus clavulanic acid (0.2 g) (timentin) intravenously over 30 min in a cross-over blinded scheme. blood samples were obtained 0.5 and 3 h after the end of infusion to measure by (high-pressure liquid chromatography) the concentration and bactericidal titers against 70 gram-negative bacilli. serum time-kill curves were done against 35 strains to measure killing rates and area un ... | 1993 | 8239597 |
| enterobacter cloacae vertebral infection in a heroin addict with hiv infection. | 1993 | 8239768 | |
| evaluation of a commercial dna purification system for plasmid analysis of nosocomial bacterial pathogens. | this study evaluated the promega magic minipreps (mm) (promega corporation, madison, wi) dna purification system for use in plasmid analysis of common nosocomial bacterial pathogens. the mm system is a kit that includes lysis solutions and buffers and incorporates a minicolumn of dna binding resin for recovery of plasmid dna. the mm system was used according to the manufacturer's directions to recover plasmids for agarose gel electrophoresis from clinical isolates of acinetobacter calcoaceticus, ... | 1993 | 8379541 |
| sequences of wild-type and mutant ampd genes of citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae. | the ampd gene product regulates the expression of ampc beta-lactamase in gram-negative bacteria and is proposed to be involved in peptidoglycan metabolism. in this study, we sequenced the ampd wild type and three mutant genes of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. they exhibited a high degree of homology with the corresponding gene of escherichia coli except in the carboxy termini, where, in the wild-type genes of e. cloacae and c. freundii, four additional amino acids yielding the se ... | 1993 | 8383940 |
| comparative antimicrobial activity of lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin against > 500 bacterial isolates. | an agar dilution technique was used to compare the antimicrobial activities of lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin against 544 strains of bacterial isolates. among the five quinolone agents tested, ciprofloxacin was the most active. enoxacin was the most active after ciprofloxacin against escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus mirabilis, shigella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, and haemophilus influenzae with an mic90 of < or = 0.25 micrograms/ml. ofloxacin ... | 1993 | 8396196 |
| the north american component (the united states and canada) of an international comparative mic trial monitoring ofloxacin resistance. | common lots of reference mic (minimum inhibitory concentration) method reagents were used to monitor ofloxacin, a newer fluoroquinolone, and 13 other drugs against 3200 recent clinical isolates in february-april 1992. five medical centers in the united states and canada contributed 640 strains per facility as follows: escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, klebsiella spp., and pseudomonas aeruginosa (100 strains each); streptococcus pneumoniae (40 strains); an ... | 1993 | 8243037 |
| onset of life-threatening ventriculitis during ceftazidime therapy for nosocomial pneumonia due to enterobacter cloacae. | 1993 | 8399893 | |
| female genital tract abscess formation in the rat. use of pathogens including enterococci. | previous animal experiments utilizing bowel flora have demonstrated synergy between various aerobes and anaerobes in the formation of intraabdominal abscesses. in these experiments, human female genital tract isolates were inserted into the abdominal and pelvic cavities of 151 female sprague-dawley rats. inoculation with any single species of organism--streptococcus faecalis, enterobacter cloacae or bacteroides bivius or a combination of two facultative organisms (s faecalis plus e cloacae)--did ... | 1993 | 8254596 |
| analysis of the aac(3)-via gene encoding a novel 3-n-acetyltransferase. | biochemical analysis (g. a. papanicolaou, r. s. hare, r. mierzwa, and g. h. miller, abstr. 152, program abstr. 29th intersci. conf. antimicrob. agents chemother., 1989) demonstrated the presence of a novel 3-n-acetyltransferase in enterobacter cloacae 88020217. this organism was resistant to gentamicin, and the mic of 2'-n-ethylnetilmicin for it was fourfold lower than that of 6'-n-ethylnetilmicin, a resistance pattern which suggested 2'-acetylating activity. however, high-pressure liquid chroma ... | 1993 | 8257126 |
| structure-activity relationships in the inhibition of serine beta-lactamases by phosphonic acid derivatives. | a new series of phosphonyl derivatives has been prepared and tested for inhibition of serine (classes a and c) beta-lactamases. the results were compared with those previously acquired with aryl phosphonate monoesters and with alkaline hydrolysis rates. a methyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate monoanion was markedly poorer as an inhibitor of the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 than a comparable p-nitrophenyl phosphonate. phosphonyl fluorides, thiophenyl esters, n-phenylphosphonamidate ... | 1993 | 8257429 |
| evolution of an enzyme activity: crystallographic structure at 2-a resolution of cephalosporinase from the ampc gene of enterobacter cloacae p99 and comparison with a class a penicillinase. | the structure of the class c ampc beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase) from enterobacter cloacae strain p99 has been established by x-ray crystallography to 2-a resolution and compared to a class a beta-lactamase (penicillinase) structure. the binding site for beta-lactam (penicillinase) structure. the binding site for beta-lactam antibiotics is generally more open than that in penicillinases, in agreement with the ability of the class c beta-lactamases to better bind third-generation cephalosporin ... | 1993 | 8248237 |
| antitumor activities of a cephalosporin prodrug in combination with monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates. | 7-(phenylacetamido)cephalosporin mustard (cm) and 7-(4-carboxybutanamido)cephalosporin mustard (ccm) were developed as anticancer prodrugs that could be activated site selectively by monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates targeted to antigens present on tumor cell surfaces. both cm and ccm were hydrolyzed by purified beta-lactamases from escherichia coli (ec beta l), bacillus cereus (bc beta l), and enterobacter cloacae (ecl beta l). this resulted in the release of phenylenediamine mustar ... | 1993 | 8274516 |
| peptidoglycan tripeptide content and cross-linking are altered in enterobacter cloacae induced to produce ampc beta-lactamase by glycine and d-amino acids. | induction of ampc beta-lactamase in enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047 by d-methionine, glycine, or d-tryptophan was accompanied by alterations in peptidoglycan composition and structure; in the case of d-methionine, it was also accompanied by morphologic changes. a decrease in peptidoglycan tripeptides was seen. with glycine, there was an increase in the proportion of diaminopimelic-diaminopimelic cross-links. the possible implications of these changes for beta-lactamase induction are discussed. | 1993 | 8444815 |
| pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal titers of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin following multiple oral doses in healthy volunteers. | fourteen adult males participated in a randomized three-way crossover study to compare the pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal titers (sbts) of 500 mg of ciprofloxacin (regimen a), 750 mg of ciprofloxacin (regimen b), and 400 mg of ofloxacin (regimen c) administered every 12 h for seven doses. mean steady-state peak concentrations in serum for regimens a, b, and c were 3.0, 4.4, and 6.5 micrograms/ml, respectively (p < 0.01, all comparisons) and mean half-lives were 4.5, 4.3, and 6.5 h, resp ... | 1993 | 8257144 |
| serum bactericidal activity after administration of four cephalosporins in healthy volunteers. | serum bactericidal activity (sba) was determined against ten strains each of staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus vulgaris and enterobacter cloacae in six volunteers 1 h and 4 h after intravenous infusion of 1 g and 2 g cefotaxime and cefmenoxime, and 2 g flomoxef, and against ten strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa after infusion of 1 g and 2 g ceftazidime. flomoxef showed the highest sba against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus. all cephalosporins had high sba again ... | 1993 | 8112358 |
| [ciprofloxacin resistance in gram negative bacilli. epidemiologic aspects]. | the aim of the present was to study the resistance to ciprofloxacin (cip) in gram negative bacilli (april 1990-march 1992) and to determine the temporary distribution of the resistant strains by species, samples and departments. | 1993 | 8305553 |
| a non-comparative, multicentre study of cefepime in the treatment of serious bacterial infections. | multi-resistant strains of gram-negative bacteria are rapidly emerging as a frequent cause of serious bacterial infection in the hospital environment. effective treatment must include an antibiotic with activity against these organisms. in an open multicentre study, cefepime was evaluated as empirical therapy in 156 hospitalized patients (mean age 57 years) with serious infection of the urinary tract (n = 43), lower respiratory tract (n = 101) and skin and soft tissue (n = 12). in 18 patients, s ... | 1993 | 8150757 |
| [a clinical study of lomefloxacin on the patients with urinary tract infections--focused on lomefloxacin-induced photosensitivity reaction]. | between april and october 1990, photosensitivity reactions were observed in 19 out of 338 patients who were administered lomefloxacin (lflx) for the treatment of urinary tract infections (uti) in our hospital. to certify the effectiveness and safety of lflx to uti, we carried out a controlled study with fixed dosages and durations. patients with acute uncomplicated uti and chronic complicated uti were enrolled and lflx dosages of 200 mg b.i.d. for 7 days and 14 days, respectively, were administe ... | 1993 | 8213373 |
| emergence of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacilli causing bacteremia during therapy. | treatment of serious infections caused by gram-negative bacilli with beta-lactam antimicrobial agents can induce class i beta-lactamase production. this phenomenon can result in resistant microorganisms, and has been postulated to be a cause of therapeutic failure. the charts of patients bacteremic with pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, proteus vulgaris, and providencia species (n = 120) during a 3-year period were reviewed to determine how ... | 1993 | 8346736 |
| emergence of resistance to imipenem in enterobacter isolates masquerading as klebsiella pneumoniae during therapy with imipenem/cilastatin. | clinical isolates identified as klebsiella pneumoniae by the vitek, enterotube ii, and api 20e systems were recovered from a patient undergoing therapy with imipenem/cilastatin. these isolates were resistant to multiple beta-lactam agents, and some were even resistant to imipenem. analysis revealed a bush group 1 beta-lactamase, and imipenem resistance corresponded to the loss of outer-membrane proteins in strains expressing high levels of this beta-lactamase. further characterization efforts yi ... | 1993 | 8353231 |
| infection and antibiotic therapy in 4000 burned patients treated in milan, italy, between 1976 and 1988. | the pathogenic flora, isolated from burn wounds of patients admitted to a burn care unit during the years between 1976 and 1988 were typed and the in vitro susceptibility to antibacterial agents was recorded. between 1976 and 1988 the general therapeutic approach was changed three times, in congruence with the prevalent nosocomial bacterial resistance. the most frequent isolates were: pseud. aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus spp., proteus mirabilis, escherichia coli, enterobacter c ... | 1993 | 8357483 |
| a two-part energy burden imposed by growth of enterobacter cloacae and escherichia coli in sodium dodecyl sulfate. | enterobacter cloacae, like most enteric bacteria, can grow in the presence of 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds). the bacteria tolerate the detergent and do not metabolize it. in a defined glucose-salts medium the growth rate remained unchanged (g = 55 min) as the detergent concentration was increased from 0 to 10% sds. however, growth in sds exhibited a two-part energy dependence. in part 1, the sds-grown cells underwent rapid lysis when they ran out of energy. cells that had entered stationary p ... | 1993 | 8358668 |
| investigation of cell envelope damage to pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacter cloacae by dibromopropamidine isethionate. | electron micrographs of log-phase pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacter cloacae cultured for 4 h in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of dibromopropamidine isethionate indicate that this antibacterial agent can cause marked damage to the cell envelope structures of both species. this result provides an explanation of how dibromopropamidine can enhance the uptake and thus the activity of a second antibacterial agent used in combination with it. | 1993 | 8229701 |
| cluster of enterobacter cloacae pseudobacteremias associated with use of an agar slant blood culturing system. | from 1 february through 12 october 1990, 27 blood cultures processed at shiprock hospital were positive for enterobacter cloacae; only 3 had been reported in the preceding 12 months. twenty (74%) of the cultures were obtained from patients without clinical evidence of gram-negative septicemia. the increase in e. cloacae-positive blood cultures was temporally associated with the introduction of a new blood culturing system. to evaluate potential risk factors for an e. cloacae-positive blood cultu ... | 1993 | 8253954 |
| effects on cell morphology of growing pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae and staphylococcus aureus in subinhibitory concentrations of p-aminobenzoic acid. | light microscopy and electron microscopy studies with enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus grown in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of p-aminobenzoic acid indicate that p-aminobenzoic acid may have a direct or indirect effect on the cell walls. the morphological effects of p-aminobenzoic acid varied with different bacterial species. e. cloacae grown in the presence of p-aminobenzoic acid produced filaments while p. aeruginosa cells were elongated an ... | 1993 | 8459778 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of fk-037, a parenteral cephalosporin. | the in vitro activity of fk-037, 5-amino-2-[[(6r, 7r)-7-[[(z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2- methoxyimino) acetyl] amino]-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1- azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl]methyl]-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1h-pyrazoli um hydroxide, inner salt, sulfate (1:1), a new parenteral cephem, was compared with those of cefepime, ceftazidime, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin. fk-037 inhibited methicillin-susceptible staphylocci at < or = 4 micrograms/ml. of 98 isolates of homogenous methicillin-resistant staphyloco ... | 1993 | 8460925 |
| phospholipid impregnation of abdominal rubber drains: resistance to bacterial adherence but no effect on drain-induced bacterial translocation. | in order to evaluate the effect of surface modification of biomaterials on bacterial adherence and bacterial translocation after intraperitoneal biomaterial implantation, phosphatidylcholine- or phosphatidylinositol-impregnated rubber drain pieces, which had been intraperitoneally implanted in the rat for 2 and 7 days, or unimplanted, were incubated in vitro with 3h-labelled escherichia coli and enterobacter cloacae. as compared with unimpregnated pieces, the adherence of bacteria significantly ... | 1993 | 8278675 |
| evidence that the reaction of the udp-n-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase proceeds through the o-phosphothioketal of pyruvic acid bound to cys115 of the enzyme. | the enzyme udp-n-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (enolpyruvyltransferase, ec 2.5.1.7) catalyses the transfer of the intact 1-carboxyvinyl moiety of phosphoenolpyruvate to the 3'-hydroxyl group of the glucosamine moiety of udp-(2')-n-acetylglucosamine with the concomitant release of inorganic phosphate, the first committed step in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. overexpression of the enzyme from enterobacter cloacae in escherichia coli allowed the isolation ... | 1993 | 8281938 |
| [restriction system--type ii modification in enterobacter cloacae strains]. | various clinical strains of enterobacter cloacae have been examined for the presence of site-specific endonuclease activities. restriction endonucleases of class ii have been isolated from six strains. recognition sequences for all of these endonucleases were determined and the cleavage sites were identified for two of them. the enzymes prove to be isoschizomers of ecorii and psti. restriction endonucleases ecl2zi and ecl37ki recognise the nucleotide sequences ctga/g and are true isoschizomers o ... | 1993 | 8289838 |
| the pseudomonas cepacia 249 chromosomal penicillinase is a member of the ampc family of chromosomal beta-lactamases. | pseudomonas cepacia 249 produces an inducible beta-lactamase with penicillinase activity. the nucleotide sequence of the pena gene, which encodes this beta-lactamase, was determined and found to include regions with a significant homology to the ampc-encoded beta-lactamases of members of the family enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the predicted amino acid sequence of the pena beta-lactamase contained 17 amino acids immediately preceding the putative active-site serine which were hi ... | 1993 | 8494361 |
| single-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of ha-1a, a human igm anti-lipid-a monoclonal antibody, in pediatric patients with sepsis syndrome. | the pharmacokinetics and safety of ha-1a (nebacumab), a human igm monoclonal antibody with specificity for the lipid a region of endotoxin, were evaluated in a multicenter trial of pediatric patients with sepsis syndrome or septic shock. forty-two patients received a total of 44 infusions of drug, at a dose of 3 mg/kg (maximum 100 mg). the mean age was 7 years 10 months (range, 11 months to 16 years 7 months). the pharmacokinetic behavior of ha-1a during 36 hours was best described by a one-comp ... | 1993 | 8501580 |
| [monotherapy using amoxicillin/clavulanic acid as treatment of first choice in community-acquired lung abscess. apropos of 57 cases]. | in a multicentre open prospective trial the effectiveness of am-ca as first-line treatment of community-acquired lung abscess was evaluated in immunocompetent adult patients. am-ca was administered intravenously in doses of 4 g/day for at least 7 days, then orally in doses of 2 g/day for at least 14 days. radio-clinical and laboratory evaluations were made during treatment, and 30 and 60 days after it was discontinued. the results of this trial concerned 57 patients (48 men, 9 women; mean age 52 ... | 1993 | 8296141 |
| piperacillin versus cefazolin given perioperatively to high-risk patients who undergo open cholecystectomy: a double-blind, randomized trial. | to study the efficacy, microbiologic features and toxicity of prophylactic cefazolin versus prophylactic piperacillin in high-risk patients who undergo open cholecystectomy. | 1993 | 8324671 |
| biochemical properties of a carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae and cloning of the gene into escherichia coli. | a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae, strain nor-1, exhibited resistance to imipenem and remained susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. clavulanic acid partially restored the susceptibility of the strain to imipenem. two beta-lactamases with isoelectric points (pi) of 6.9 and > 9.2 were detected in strain e. cloacae nor-1; the higher pi corresponded to ampc cephalosporinase. plasmid dna was not detected in e. cloacae nor-1 and imipenem resistance could not be transferred into es ... | 1993 | 8517720 |
| role of the integument in insect immunity: epicuticular abrasion and induction of cecropin synthesis in cuticular epithelial cells. | when the epicuticle of a silkworm larva, bombyx mori, was lightly abraded in the presence of live bacillus licheniformis, enterobacter cloacae, or bacterial cell wall components, cecropin mrnas were detected in the underlying epithelial cells and in fat body cells remote from the abraded area. antibacterial activity due to cecropin was detected in the matrix of the lightly abraded cuticle but not in nonabraded portions of the cuticular matrix or in the hemolymph surrounding the fat body, unless ... | 1993 | 8327509 |
| identification of a novel plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase with chromosomal cephalosporinase characteristics from klebsiella pneumoniae. | a clinical isolate of klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to a wide variety of beta-lactams, including third generation cephalosporins, aztreonam and cephamycins, as well as to beta-lactam/clavulanate and sulbactam combinations was examined. it was found that this resistance was transmissible to escherichia coli recipients via a small 5.3 mda plasmid encoding for an unusual beta-lactamase produced in relatively large quantities. the enzyme, designated lat-1, exhibited a highly basic isoelectric poin ... | 1993 | 8335495 |
| bacterial flora detected of the uterine endometrial cavity of diabetic patients with myoma uteri. | patients with diabetes frequently suffer from various postoperative complications, especially infection. diabetic patients also have a high incidence of uterine endometrial cancer. the nature of the intrauterine bacterial flora may be related to both infection and carcinogenesis. therefore, identification of the intrauterine bacterial flora in diabetic patients may be useful. bacteria were detected in the uterine endometrial cavity of 100% of ten diabetic patients with myoma uteri. however, amon ... | 1993 | 8360520 |
| controlled clinical comparison of two lysis-based blood culture systems, isolator and septi-chek release, for detection of bloodstream infections. | a controlled clinical comparison was made of the isolator (wampole laboratories, cranbury, n.j.) and the septi-chek release bottle (roche diagnostics, nutley, n.j.). from 6,345 blood culture sets fulfilling minimum criteria for volume of blood cultured, 840 strains were isolated, of which only 691 (82%) were considered to be representative of bloodstream infection according to centers for disease control definitions. statistically significant differences were found between the systems for the fo ... | 1993 | 8370739 |
| [a nationwide survey of antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibiotics in japan (1988-1990)]. | this study was conducted to investigate susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents at 149 hospitals throughout japan from september to december in both 1989 and 1990. in this study, identifications and susceptibility testings were carried out at each hospital laboratory. the susceptibility testings were performed according to the disk diffusion method recommended by nccls. staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci showed high or moderate resistance rates to be ... | 1993 | 8360981 |
| in vitro experiments on catheter-related infections due to gram-negative rods. | although many complications may arise with the use of central venous catheters, catheter-related bacteremia is considered to be the most serious complication. microflora on the patient's skin (coagulase-negative staphylococci, staphylococcus aureus) is thought to represent the major source of microorganisms causing catheter-related infections. gram-negative rods are increasingly observed as causative agents. we therefore performed an in vitro study to elucidate the pathogenesis of polymer-associ ... | 1993 | 8370325 |
| further observations on the induction of immunity by hemolymph transfer in galleria mellonella. | humoral immune responses of galleria mellonella larvae were provoked by transfer of hemolymph lysate supernatant preparations (hls) from untreated donor larvae to recipient larvae. eighteen hours after transfer the antibacterial activity in cell-free hemolymph of recipient larvae was as high as after injection of high dosages of living enterobacter cloacae beta 12 bacteria. filtration of hls (fhls; 0.2 microns filter) prior to injection enhanced its induction capacity. injection of fhls concentr ... | 1993 | 8375564 |
| kinetics and mechanism of beta-lactamase inhibition by phosphonamidates: the quest for a proton. | four phosphonamidates were synthesized as potential beta-lactamase inhibitors. three were methanephosphonamidates [ch3po2-nhr/ar, where r/ar = 4-methoxybenzyl (3a), phenyl (3b), and m-nitrophenyl (3c)], while the fourth, phch2oconhch2po2-nhph (2a), also contained a beta-lactamase active site-directed amido side chain. the ph-rate profiles for the hydrolyses of these compounds in the absence of enzyme demonstrated the necessity of nitrogen protonation in the transition state; the reactive neutral ... | 1993 | 8399224 |
| antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of unripe papaya. | the meat, seed and pulp of carica papaya linn., a popular traditional medicinal herb grown in the tropics, was shown by the agar-cup method to be bacteriostatic against several enteropathogens such as bacillus subtilis, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus, proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and klebsiella pneumoniae. the same parts of papaya were unequivocably demonstrated by electron spin resonance spectrometry to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl ... | 1993 | 8412504 |
| gas gangrene in a pediatric liver transplant due to infection by enterobacter cloacae. | 1993 | 8414771 | |
| an electronmicroscope study of the effect of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim on enterobacter cloacae. | electronmicroscopy of thin sections of log phase cells of enterobacter cloacae nctc 10005 grown for 4 h in the presence of sulphadiazine 250 micrograms/ml, trimethoprim 12.5 microliters/ml or the combination of sulphadiazine 250 micrograms/ml plus trimethoprim 12.5 micrograms/ml indicated that both agents caused marked morphological damage even though the mic of sulphadiazine for the e. cloacae strain was > 3000 micrograms/ml. the damage took the form of electron-transparent areas devoid of ribo ... | 1993 | 8418297 |
| [a case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with ascites caused by hypoproteinemia after a massive bleeding from a gastric ulcer]. | a case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) developed in an old man whose ascitic fluid was related neither to portal hypertension nor nephrotic syndrome, but with severe hypoalbuminemia emerged after a massive bleeding from a gastric ulcer in a malnutrition state. ascitic fluid, increasing day by day, yielded enterobacter cloacae and bacteroides fragilis. though autopsy was not carried out because of refusal of his family, neither liver necropsy, nor abdominal ct scan nor repeated abdomin ... | 1993 | 8450277 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of e1077, a novel parenteral cephalosporin. | e1077, a new injectable cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum and potent antibacterial activity, was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities in comparison with those of cefpirome, cefuzonam, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime. e1077 showed broad in vitro antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, e1077 was as active as cefpirome; the mic for 90% of strains tested (mic90) was 1.0 micr ... | 1993 | 8431019 |