| cephalosporin derivatives of doxorubicin as prodrugs for activation by monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates. | the synthesis of a series of cephalosporin doxorubicin derivatives that differ with respect to the substituent at position 7 of the cephem nucleus is described. these compounds are designed as prodrugs of doxorubicin for activation by monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates. the key step in the synthesis of this series of compounds involves the use of the phenylacetamido group as an enzymatically removable protecting group for the 7-amino group on the cephem. in vitro cytotoxicity assays w ... | 1995 | 7731023 |
| the microbial flora in venous leg ulcers without clinical signs of infection. repeated culture using a validated standardised microbiological technique. | the change of ulcer size in relation to the presence of species and quantities of microorganisms was analysed in 58 patients with venous leg ulcers, all without clinical signs of infection. microbiological samples were taken on the day of inclusion and then repeated 4 times at monthly intervals or until the ulcer had healed or was too small to be cultured from. there was growth of microorganisms in all ulcers, and the numbers were below 10(4) per mm2 of ulcer surface in all cases. no correlation ... | 1995 | 7747531 |
| [nationwide survey on susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents in 1991]. | this study was conducted to investigate susceptibilities of clinical isolates to different antibacterial agents at 123 hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1991. in this study, identifications and susceptibility testings were carried out at each hospital laboratory. the susceptibility testing were performed using the disk dilution method recommended by nccls. staphylococcus aureus and cns showed high or moderate resistance rates to methicillin (dmppc). streptococc ... | 1995 | 7752454 |
| emergence and mechanisms of bacterial resistance in surgical infections. | antimicrobial resistance is commonplace among bacteria involved in surgical infections, including staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, and bacteroides species. resistance traits can be encoded on chromosomes or transmissible plasmids. the basic mechanisms of resistance are alteration of drug target, prevention of drug access to target, and drug inactivation. examples include alteration of penicillin-binding proteins in resistance to p ... | 1995 | 7755162 |
| bacteremia due to vancomycin-dependent enterococcus faecium. | a recipient of small-bowel and liver transplants developed recurrent fever and polymicrobial bacteremia due to multiply resistant enterobacter cloacae and an inducible vanb strain of enterococcus faecium while receiving therapy with amikacin, imipenem, and vancomycin. these organisms could not be subcultured onto blood agar but did grow around the vancomyin disk on a direct-susceptibility test plate. additional testing confirmed the strain as e. faecium, which would not grow in the absence of va ... | 1995 | 7756503 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of a doxorubicin prodrug in combination with monoclonal antibody beta-lactamase conjugates. | a cephalosporin derivative of doxorubicin (c-dox) was evaluated as a prodrug for activation by mab conjugates of the beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae p99 (beta l; ec 3.5.2.6). the conjugates consisted of beta l and the f(ab') fragments of either of the mabs l6, p1.17, or 96.5. l6 binds to antigens on a variety of carcinomas, including the two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines h2981 and h2987 used in this study. 96.5 binds to the melanoma-associated antigen p97, and p1.17 was used for the co ... | 1995 | 7757987 |
| a pseudoepidemic due to laboratory contamination deciphered by molecular analysis. | a clinical, microbiological, and molecular analysis to identify the source of a cluster of pseudoinfections. | 1995 | 7759823 |
| molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the beta-galactosidase gene from enterobacter cloacae gao. | the gene encoding a beta-galactosidase from enterobacter cloacae gao was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the nucleotide sequence of the insert of a positive clone had an open reading frame of 3084 bp that encoded a polypeptide of 1028 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 116,677 daltons. the amino acid sequence of beta-galactosidase deduced from the nucleotide sequence, especially the sequence around the putative active site and of the fourteen regions, showed signif ... | 1994 | 7765512 |
| purification and characterization of extracellular alginate lyase from enterobacter cloacae m-1. | an alginate lyase from the culture supernatant of enterobacter cloacae m-1 was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation-exchange chromatography (sp-toyopearl), and gel filtration (ultrogel aca44). the final preparation thus obtained showed a single band on sds-page. the purified enzyme had the molecular weight of 38,000 and 32,000 by sds-page and gel filtration, respectively. the pi of the enzyme was 8.9. the optimum ph and temperature for the enzyme reaction were around 7.8 and 30 deg ... | 1995 | 7772828 |
| [preliminary considerations in a semiquantitative microbiological study in catheter-related infection]. | in the interval september 1993-april 1994, 38 catheters from children admitted to the children's hospital of iaşi were examined microscopically and by semiquantitative culture, in the children with sepsis and/or positive catheters hemocultures being performed concurrently. twenty eight of these catheters proved to be sterile, the other 10 being positive to coagulase-negative staphylococci, gram-negative bacilli from klebsiella-enterobacter group, candida species, the number of colonies/plate var ... | 1994 | 7772895 |
| investigation of helicobacter pylori ascorbic acid oxidating activity. | helicobacter pylori sonicate was shown to oxidize ascorbic acid. ascorbic acid oxidation was determined by chromatography combined with electrochemical detection. water soluble ascorbic acid oxidase activity was rather independent of ph with a ph optimum around 2. by gel filtration the oxidizing activity co-eluted with an absorbency peak at 408 nm. the relative molecular mass (mr) was approximately 14,000. it is suggested that this oxidating activity was caused by a cytochrome c-like molecule. a ... | 1995 | 7773246 |
| characterization of an lysr family protein, smer from serratia marcescens s6, its effect on expression of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase sme-1, and comparison of this regulator with other beta-lactamase regulators. | serratia marcescens s6 produces a chromosomally encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase, sme-1 (t. naas, l. vandel, w. sougakoff, d. m. livermore, and p. nordmann, antimicrob. agents chemother. 38:1262-1270, 1994). upstream from smea we identified a second open reading frame (embl accession number z30237). this encodes a 33.1-kda protein, smer, which has a high degree of homology with nmcr, the lysr regulatory protein of the only other sequenced carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta- ... | 1995 | 7793864 |
| bacterial galvanotropism: mechanisms and applications. | galvanotropism is the process by which a cell alters its shape to grow directionally in response to an electric field. this phenomenon is known for a wide variety of eukaryotic cells but the first report of bacterial galvanotropism appeared only recently. escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae and (to a lesser extent) bacillus subtilis curve rapidly and reversibly towards the anode of a uniform electric field. the mechanism for the response is not known but two observations permit a degree of sp ... | 1993 | 7801091 |
| [nosocomial colonization and infection by multiresistant enterobacter cloacae strains on a pediatric oncological unit]. | a multiresistant e. cloacae strain spread during a six month period in a paediatric oncology ward amongst nine children, who had different tumors and malformations. three children who had shared a room were especially affected. e. cloacae was isolated 122 times from the children with tumors and five times from their environment. specimens from which the bacteria were isolated, included blood cultures, catheter tips, wound swabs, drains, skin and mucous membranes from most parts of the body. the ... | 1994 | 7802900 |
| increasing enterobacter bacteremia in pediatric patients. | thirty-two episodes of enterobacter bacteremia were identified in 30 patients at children's hospital of michigan between september, 1989, and november, 1992. fifty-six percent of the episodes were nosocomial. enterobacter accounted for 14% of all nosocomial bacteremias and was the most common gram-negative organism causing such infections. enterobacter cloacae was the most commonly isolated species (72%). twenty-nine (97%) patients had underlying risk factors for infection, including central ven ... | 1994 | 7808847 |
| [gentamycin resistant enterobacteriaceae at a neonatal care unit]. | a case of septicaemia in a seven-day-old infant with a gentamicin-resistant strain of enterobacter cloacae prompted an epidemiological survey in a neonatal unit. another 18 patients harboured gentamicin-resistant enterobacteriaceae without symptoms. control of the outbreak was achieved by cohort nursing, strict hygiene and reduction of aminoglycoside consumption by 50%. efficiency of the measures was monitored by weekly faecal samples from all patients. all strains produced the aminoglycoside mo ... | 1994 | 7810013 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of sy5555, a new oral penem antibiotic. | the antibacterial activity of sy5555, a new oral penem antibiotic, was compared with those of cefaclor, cefixime, and cefteram. sy5555 was more active than the comparison agents against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, enterococcus faecalis, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, clostridium spp., and bacteroides fragilis. against providencia spp., proteus spp., and haemophi ... | 1994 | 7811005 |
| gene sequence and biochemical characterization of fox-1 from klebsiella pneumoniae, a new ampc-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase with two molecular variants. | klebsiella pneumoniae ba32, a clinical isolate from buenos aires, argentina, was found to produce a plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase (fox-1) which conferred resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and cephamycins. resistance could be transferred by conjugation or transformation into escherichia coli k-12 via a 48.5-kb plasmid (pglk1) that produced two fox-1 molecular variants with isoelectric points of 6.8 and 7.2 and apparent molecular sizes of 37 and 35 kda, respectively. the kinetic study r ... | 1994 | 7811034 |
| involvement of l-tryptophan aminotransferase in indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in enterobacter cloacae. | l-tryptophan aminotransferase (l-tryptophan:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase; ec 2.6.1.27) from enterobacter cloacae was purified 62-fold and characterized to determine its role in indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis. the enzyme reversibly catalyzed the transamination of l-tryptophan with 2-oxoglutarate as the amino acceptor to yield indole-3-pyruvic acid and l-glutamate, and the km values for l-tryptophan and indole-3-pyruvic acid were 3.3 mm and 24 microm, respectively. in the indole-3-acetaldehy ... | 1994 | 7811697 |
| physical characterisation of the escherichia coli b gene encoding nitroreductase and its over-expression in escherichia coli k12. | the escherichia coli b gene (nfnb) encoding nitroreductase has been cloned in escherichia coli k-12 and its nucleotide sequence determined. the translated amino acid sequence was found to share substantial identity (88.5%) with the equivalent proteins of enterobacter cloacae and salmonella typhimurium. when the structural gene was placed under the transcriptional control of either the trp or lac promoter, recombinant nitroreductase was accumulated to 33% and 25% of the cell's soluble protein, re ... | 1994 | 7813889 |
| suppressive effect of clindamycin on development of beta-lactam resistance in enterobacter cloacae atcc 23355. | | 1994 | 7814290 |
| detection of resistance due to inducible beta-lactamase in enterobacter aerogenes and enterobacter cloacae. | thirty-six of 36 strains of enterobacter cloacae and e. aerogenes with inducible beta-lactamase developed resistance when cefoxitin (inducer) was added to cefuroxime disks. constitutive beta-lactamase producers (n = 23) were all resistant to cefuroxime. cefuroxime resistance correlated with the amount of induced or constitutive beta-lactamase. cefuroxime was a better indicator of induced resistance than cefamandole, cefazolin, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ticarcillin with or without cla ... | 1994 | 7814486 |
| separation and quantification of murein and precursors from enterobacter cloacae after treatment with trimethoprim and sulphadiazine. | the intracellular concentrations of the soluble murein precursors udp-mur-nac-pentapeptide in the cytoplasm, the membrane-bound lipid precursor disaccharide pentapeptide and the muropeptides of enterobacter cloacae cultures treated with trimethoprim (12.5 micrograms ml-1) and sulphadiazine (250 micrograms ml-1) were determined by using capillary zone electrophoresis analysis. in the presence of trimethoprim, udp-mur-nac-pentapeptide as well as disaccharide pentapeptide accumulated. in the case o ... | 1994 | 7815286 |
| enterobacter cloacae causing pneumatocele in a neonate. | pneumatocele formation, a cyst-like rarefaction that develops within the lung parenchyma, is an unusual complication of pneumonia in the neonate. it has been reported to occur with staphlococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. we describe a case of a premature neonate with pneumonia and subsequent pneumatocele formation caused by enterobacter cloacae. | 1994 | 7819699 |
| genetics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. | bacteria have adapted to the introduction of aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and other oxyimino-beta-lactams by altering existing plasmid-mediated class a and class d beta-lactamases so as to expand their spectrum of activity. in the tem and shv families of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, relative activity toward oxyimino-substrates increases with the number of amino acid substitutions but at the price of lowered intrinsic efficiency, so that compensatory up-promoter events ar ... | 1994 | 7821301 |
| [fingerprinting with the polymerase chain reaction: confirmation of a enterobacter cloacae epidemic in a neonatal intensive care unit]. | between end december 1993 and end january 1994 a cluster of children infected/colonized with enterobacter cloacae was seen in the neonatal intensive care unit of the university hospital nijmegen. the results of the epidemiological investigation are reported, which was aimed to differentiate between a random cluster of endogenously acquired enterobacter strains and those possibly acquired exogenously via cross-infection. 5 isolates of the 7 patients were available for fingerprinting using interre ... | 1994 | 7821951 |
| the pattern of respiratory infection in patients with lung cancer. | we examined retrospectively the pattern of respiratory infection in 579 patients with lung cancer admitted to nagasaki university hospital during the past 15 years. a total of 139 patients (24.0%) developed respiratory infection. the rates of pulmonary infection associated with large (36.2%) and small cell carcinomas (33.6%) were significantly higher than those with squamous cell carcinoma (26.0%) and adenocarcinoma (17.3%). advanced stages of lung cancer were associated with higher complication ... | 1994 | 7825174 |
| identification and characterization of an outer membrane protein, ompx, in escherichia coli that is homologous to a family of outer membrane proteins including ail of yersinia enterocolitica. | we previously reported that a region of the escherichia coli chromosome at 18 min increased e sigma e activity when cloned in multicopy (j. mecsas, p. e. rouviere, j. w. erickson, t. j. donohue, and c. a. gross, genes dev. 7:2618-2628, 1993). in the present report, we identify and characterize the gene responsible for the increase in e sigma e activity. this gene is in a monocistronic operon with two promoters and a rho-independent terminator. sequence analysis of this gene indicated that it enc ... | 1995 | 7836315 |
| the spectrum of myositis and rhabdomyolysis associated with bacterial infection. | (1) to describe the clinical and radiographic features of 6 patients with myositis or rhabdomyolysis associated with bacterial infection. (2) to analyze the role of computed tomography (ct) in myositis associated with bacterial infection. | 1994 | 7837162 |
| improvement of outer membrane-permeabilizing and lipopolysaccharide-binding activities of an antimicrobial cationic peptide by c-terminal modification. | antimicrobial cationic peptides have been discovered in many different organisms and often possess a broad range of activity. in this study, we investigated the mechanisms of actions of melittin and two synthetic peptides, ceme (a cecropin-melittin hybrid) and cema, against gram-negative bacteria. cema was produced by recombinant dna procedures and is an analog of ceme with a modified c terminus resulting in two additional positive charges. all three peptides showed good antimicrobial activity a ... | 1994 | 7840562 |
| [enterobacteria in mineral, spring and table water]. | whereas coliform bacteria rank first, non-coliform enterobacteria can be isolated second in frequency from bottled mineral, spring and table waters in south bavaria. escherichia coli were found in 8, coliforms in 44 and non-coliform enterobacteria in 41 of 54 manufactories with hygienic problems. 11 different bacterial species were determined from coliforms with enterobacter cloacae occurring most numerous in 19, citrobacter freundii in 12 and enterobacter amnigenus in 7 manufactories. from non- ... | 1994 | 7841680 |
| [ribosomal dna fingerprinting analysis of enterobacter cloacae isolated from an outbreak of nosocomial infection]. | 16s and 23s ribosomal dna (rdna) genes were amplified form e. coli, labelled with [alpha- 32p] datp by nick translation, and applied as conserved gene probes to detecting broad-spectrum rdna. rdna fingerprinting analysis of enterobacter cloacae (e. cloacae) isolated form an outbreak of nosocomial infection and other hospital environmental sources was conducted with digestion by different restrictive endonuclease, such as hind iii, ecori, bamhi, bgl i, et al. results showed rdna fingerprinting of ... | 1994 | 7842891 |
| in vitro activity of cefpodoxime in comparison with other oral beta-lactam antibiotics. | the aim of our study was to re-evaluate the in vitro activity of cefpodoxime in comparison with other oral beta-lactam antibiotics against bacteria causing respiratory tract infections. the study drugs were cefpodoxime, cefaclor, cefixime, cefuroxime, cefetamet, cefprozil, and the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (= augmentin). in addition, cefotaxime as the standard agent of parenteral third generation cephalosporins was examined. the organisms tested were staphylococcus aureus, s ... | 1994 | 7843823 |
| in vitro activity of cp-99,219, a novel 7-(3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl) naphthyridone antimicrobial. | the in vitro activity of cp-99,219 was compared with that of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin against 814 clinical bacterial isolates using a microdilution method with brain-heart infusion broth. cp-99,219 was the most potent agent tested against methicillin-resistant, ciprofloxacin-susceptible staphylocci (minimum inhibitory concentration [mic]90 < or = 0.25 microgram/ml). cp-99,219 was 32-fold and fourfold more potent than ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin, respectively, against streptococcus pneum ... | 1994 | 7851087 |
| clinical and bacteriological survey after change in aminoglycoside treatment to control an epidemic of enterobacter cloacae. | the effect of a change in the first line antibiotic treatment in a neonatal unit was studied. a total of 238 neonates (g1), admitted between 1 january and 31 july 1989, and treated with gentamicin, were compared with 398 (g2) admitted between 1 august 1989 and 31 july 1990 who received amikacin, in the combination of ampicillin plus an aminoglycoside. this change was implemented in an attempt to prevent the spread of an epidemic strain of enterobacter cloacae resistant to third generation cephal ... | 1994 | 7852735 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of gram negative bacilli isolated from urinary tract infections at nuhc of cotonou (benin) from march to december 1992]. | eleven antibiotics were tested against 1,194 gram negative bacilli isolated from urinary tract infections at the national university hospital center at cotonou. among the betalactams tested, only cefotaxime remained active against most of the bacteria tested: 90% of the strains of escherichia coli and 75% of the strains of enterobacter cloacae were sensitive. ampicilline, on the other hand, had lost its activity even on strains which are usually the most susceptible. thirteen percent of the e. c ... | 1994 | 7866038 |
| potential of genes and gene products from trichoderma sp. and gliocladium sp. for the development of biological pesticides. | fungal cell wall degrading enzymes produced by the biocontrol fungi trichoderma harzianum and gliocladium virens are strong inhibitors of spore germination and hyphal elongation of a number of phytopathogenic fungi. the purified enzymes include chitinolytic enzymes with different modes of action or different substrate specificity and glucanolytic enzymes with exo-activity. a variety of synergistic interactions were found when different enzymes were combined or associated with biotic or abiotic a ... | 1994 | 7866877 |
| cefquinome (hr 111v). in vitro evaluation of a broad-spectrum cephalosporin indicated for infections in animals. | cefquinome (formerly hr 111v), an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was compared with cefepime, cefpirome, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime against 681 clinical cultures and a challenge set of bacteria with well-characterized resistance mechanisms. cefquinome minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic90) for the enterobacteriaceae ranged from < or = 0.12-2 micrograms/ml with the highest mic (4 micrograms/ml) obtained among citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, and providencia stuartii strains. a total ... | 1994 | 7867299 |
| variability of peptidoglycan structural parameters in gram-negative bacteria. | muropeptide composition of peptidoglycan from the gram-negative bacteria aeromonas sp., acinetobacter acetoaceticus, agrobacterium tumefaciens, enterobacter cloacae, proteus morganii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas putida, vibrio parahaemolyticus yersinia enterocolitica and escherichia coli, was analyzed by hplc. in all instances peptidoglycan was built up from the same subunits. a wide disparity in the relative abundance of muropeptides and all structural parameters was observed. the contr ... | 1995 | 7867925 |
| synthesis and biological activity of novel cephalosporins containing a (z)-vinyl dimethylphosphonate group. | a series of cephalosporins containing a novel 7-[2-(z)-(2-amino-thiazol-4- yl)-3-(dimethoxy-phosphoryl)-acryloylamino] group were prepared and their antibacterial activity measured against a range of pathogens. in general the compounds displayed a broad spectrum of activity against both gram positive and gram negative organisms, except pseudomonas aeruginosa. activity against the latter could be achieved by introducing a catechol moiety at the 3 position of the cephalosporin. the methyl phosphon ... | 1995 | 7868393 |
| high yield, site-specific coupling of n-terminally modified beta-lactamase to a proteolytically derived single-sulfhydryl murine fab'. | the preparation of bispecific protein conjugates capable of performing diverse biological functions is an area of active investigation. such conjugates are routinely prepared using techniques which employ random derivatization of lysine residues, but the overall utility of these methods is limited due to poor yields and heterogeneous conjugates. in this report we describe the development of site-specific linkage methodology for the chemical synthesis of a homogeneous enzyme-antibody fab' conjuga ... | 1994 | 7873667 |
| antibacterial activity of sucralfate versus aluminum chloride in simulated gastric fluid. | studies have previously demonstrated that sucralfate possesses intrinsic antibacterial activity. this study was designed to indirectly assess whether aluminum is the active antibacterial component of sucralfate and to further evaluate factors that may influence this agent's antibacterial activity. utilizing an in vitro model, the antibacterial activity of sucralfate, an equivalent quantity of aluminum in the form of aluminum chloride, and a control were compared. in addition, the influences of b ... | 1994 | 7889966 |
| molecular evolution of a class c beta-lactamase extending its substrate specificity. | enterobacter cloacae gc1, a clinical strain isolated in 1992 in japan, was found to produce a chromosomal class c beta-lactamase with extended substrate specificity to oxyimino beta-lactam antibiotics, significantly differing from the known e. cloacae beta-lactamases such as the p99 beta-lactamase. the 1560 nucleotides including the gc1 beta-lactamase gene were sequenced, and the amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme comprising 364 amino acids was deduced. a comparison of the amino acid seque ... | 1995 | 7890700 |
| steady-state kinetics of the binding of beta-lactams and penicilloates to the second binding site of the enterobacter cloacae p99 beta-lactamase. | previous research has shown that the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 is able to catalyze the hydrolysis and aminolysis of acyclic depsipeptides. the steady kinetics of these reactions are complicated by the presence of an additional (depsi)peptide binding site in addition to the active site [pazhanisamy, s., & pratt, r. f. (1989) biochemistry 28, 6875-6882]. the present paper presents a steady-state kinetic analysis of the inhibition of depsipeptide hydrolysis by sodium benzyl ... | 1995 | 7893652 |
| inactivation of the enterobacter cloacae p99 beta-lactamase by a fluorescent phosphonate: direct detection of ligand binding at the second site. | the synthesis of a fluorescent beta-lactamase inhibitor, p-nitrophenyl [(dansylamido)methyl]-phosphonate is described. the compound inactivated the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 with stoichiometric release of p-nitrophenol, presumably, as with other phosphonate inhibitors, by phosphonylation of the active site serine. the inhibited enzyme exhibited typical dansyl fluorescence emission at 533 nm with excitation maxima at 345 and 283 nm; the latter excitation peak probably ari ... | 1995 | 7893653 |
| interrepeat fingerprinting of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant enterobacter cloacae isolated during an outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. | to investigate an outbreak in neonates of enterobacter cloacae infection resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. | 1995 | 7897170 |
| enterobacter cloacae in a neonatal intensive care unit: account of an outbreak and its relationship to use of third generation cephalosporins. | after uneventful use of cefotaxime and ceftazidime as first line therapy for three years in our neonatal intensive care unit we isolated cephalosporin-resistant enterobacter cloacae (crec) strains which caused clusters of cases or colonization and/or serious neonatal infection. by using two or more typing methods, at least five different strains with similar patterns of antimicrobial sensitivities were identified. the results of a case-control study did not support the notion that the use of thi ... | 1994 | 7897189 |
| molecular typing of enterobacter cloacae by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic restriction fragments. | eleven multiply resistant enterobacter cloacae isolates were obtained from eight preterm neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) of one hospital in osnabrück, together with one sensitive strain from another infant. the presence of similar antibiograms and biotypes in 11 isolates prompted further characterization of the isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of noti generated genomic restriction fragments. for assessment of the discriminatory power of this typing method 50 ... | 1993 | 7903083 |
| transducer related enterobacter cloacae sepsis in post-operative cardiothoracic patients. | the use of intra-arterial pressure monitoring devices in patients undergoing major cardiac surgery is on the increase. here we document an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae septicaemia among seven post-operative cardiothoracic patients. detailed investigations revealed the source of this nosocomial problem to be contaminated transducer heads. the need to follow strict aseptic measures in handling intra-arterial devices is emphasized, in order to minimize the morbidity and mortality in otherwise l ... | 1993 | 7905893 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones against clinical isolates obtained in 1989 and 1990. | the in vitro activity of nine fluoroquinolones, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, tosufloxacin, sparfloxacin, fleroxacin and levofloxacin, and two earlier quinolones, nalidixic acid and pipemidic acid, against 1,346 bacterial strains isolated clinically between 1989 and 1990, was evaluated by agar dilution method. the bacteria studied were staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains), staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus specie ... | 1993 | 7911351 |
| [bacteria-reducing properties of copper-containing and non-copper-containing materials. ii. relationship between microbiocide effect of copper-containing materials and copper ion concentration after contamination with moist and dry hands]. | the bactericide quality of different materials containing copper (copper, brass, brass-sheet) was tested and particularly the effect of humidity and copper-concentration was examined. in first examinations (i. communication) (19) the materials were contaminated by hands, which were dipped into a suspension of different microorganisms (micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecium, escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa). the survival rate of the microorg ... | 1994 | 7916880 |
| synthesis and characterization of monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates. | beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae (beta l) was conjugated to the fab'2 fragment of the monoclonal antibody l6 through a thioether linkage. although l6-fab'2-beta l was capable of activating the antitumor prodrug, 7-(phenylacetamido)cephalosporin mustard, it was impaired in its ability to bind to antigens on the h2981 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. as a result, studies were undertaken to prepare conjugates with preserved binding activities. l6-fab'-beta l and a dimeric conjugate cons ... | 1994 | 7918745 |
| inhibitory effect of clindamycin on production of beta-lactamase in beta-lactam-resistant bacteria. | the inhibitory effect of clindamycin on beta-lactamase biosynthesis was investigated in beta-lactam resistant bacteria with inducible and/or constitutive production of the enzyme(s). clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae (e. cloacae) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (p. aeruginosa) were examined. three strains of each, against which sulbactam at 8 micrograms/ml reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of cefoperazone (cpz) at least 4 fold, were studied in greater detail. although clindam ... | 1994 | 7920440 |
| nosocomial infections in intensive care units: an overview of their epidemiology, outcome, and prevention. | among all hospitalized patients, icu patients are at greatest risk for both endemic and epidemic nosocomial infections. the highest infection rates are seen in surgical, burn, trauma, and neonatal icus. acquisition of infection is a major determinant of mortality in icus, and prolongs the length of icu stay. predominant pathogens include pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, and candida spp. they are more likely to be resistant to antimicrobial agents ... | 1993 | 7922399 |
| invasion of rabbit ileal tissue by enterobacter cloacae varies with the concentration of ompx in the outer membrane. | the outer membrane protein ompx of enterobacter cloacae shows high amino acid homology with virulence proteins pagc and rck from salmonella typhimurium and with ail from yersinia enterocolitica. here we demonstrate a role for ompx in the invasion of rabbit ileal tissue by e. cloacae. an organ culture system was used for maintenance of rabbit gut tissue during the experiments. the invasiveness of three e. cloacae strains, which differed in ompx content, were compared with each other and with that ... | 1994 | 7927747 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria in intensive care units in switzerland]. | the sensitivity to the major antimicrobial agents of consecutively isolated gram-negative rods in intensive care units in switzerland was investigated. a majority of strains originated from clinical specimens where infection or colonization could not be distinguished from each other. a total of 1024 isolates from 482 patients were tested by a standardized microtiter method. of the beta-lactam antibiotics, imipenem (92% of bacteria sensitive), ceftazidime (90%), and aztreonam (85%) showed the gre ... | 1994 | 7939535 |
| antimicrobial activity of cefepime tested against bush group i beta-lactamase-producing strains resistant to ceftazidime. a multilaboratory national and international clinical isolate study. | the potency of cefepime, a parenteral aminothiazolyl methoxyimino cephalosporin, was assessed against 256 ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli from five medical centers in the united states. in addition, cefepime activity was compared with that of ciprofloxacin and imipenem against 506 ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli collected during an 11-medical-center international study. all us clinical isolates were susceptible (< or = 8 micrograms/ml) to cefepime except enterobacter cloa ... | 1994 | 7956010 |
| in vitro activity of cefpirome against beta-lactamase-inducible and stably derepressed enterobacteriaceae. | most members of the enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa possess an inducible chromosomal class i beta-lactamase. bacterial strains which produce high levels of beta-lactamase constitutively can be isolated from infections; these derepressed mutants are responsible for resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and ureidopenicillins. minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefpirome, a fourth-generation cephalosporin, and other beta-lactam antibiotics were determined for a series of mut ... | 1994 | 7956454 |
| pcr based fingerprinting of enterobacter cloacae. | an outbreak of lower respiratory tract infection with enterobacter cloacae occurred in an intensive care unit in a university teaching hospital. random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) was used to assist in the investigation of the outbreak. the technique was readily applied to this organism and permitted differentiation between strains which had identical biochemical profiles and antibiograms. the versatility of this technique makes it attractive for use in hospitals where fingerprinting ... | 1994 | 7963464 |
| kinetic and physical studies of beta-lactamase inhibition by a novel penem, brl 42715. | the interactions of staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus i, tem, klebsiella pneumoniae k1 and enterobacter cloacae p99 beta-lactamases with the novel penem inhibitor brl 42715 were investigated kinetically and, in some cases, by electrospray mass spectrometry (e.s.m.s.). all the beta-lactamases were rapidly inactivated by brl 42715, with second-order rate constants ranging from 0.17 to 6.4 microm-1.s-1. the initial stoichiometry of beta-lactamase inhibition was essentially 1:1, with the except ... | 1994 | 7980451 |
| resistance of bacterial strains to dry conditions: use of anhydrous silica gel in a desiccation model system. | the viability of 18 bacterial strains desiccated on anhydrous silica gel and stored at a temperature of 22 degrees c for at least 3 months was determined. according to their stability in the dried state, these strains could be classified into three typical groups. group 1, containing gram-positive strains and salmonella serotypes, was marked by a very slow decrease of the concentration of culturable cells from day 14 on (respectively day 21 for salmonella thompson). the rate of decrease expresse ... | 1994 | 7989258 |
| survival of allochthonous bacteria in still mineral water bottled in polyvinyl chloride (pvc) and glass. | the mortality of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa, based on the culturability of these bacteria, was assessed in non-carbonated mineral water, bottled in polyvinyl chloride (pvc) containing the indigenous flora, sterile mineral water bottled in pvc, sterile mineral water in glass containers, and sterile tap water in glass containers. there was a general decrease in the culturability of these organisms in the four test waters, except that ps ... | 1994 | 7989260 |
| [clinical evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone for infections during the chemotherapy of hematologic malignancy]. | in 28 patients with hematologic malignancy, the clinical effect and the safety of sulbactam/cefoperazone (sbt/cpz) were studied on 45 episodes during granulocytopenic stage after antineoplastic chemotherapy. the overall efficacy rate obtained with sbt/cpz in combination with other drugs was 62%. the rates for sepsis, suspected sepsis and pneumonia were 67%, 94% and 38%, respectively. the efficacy in those cases that showed granulocyte count less than 300/microliters during the course of administ ... | 1994 | 7990260 |
| investigation of synergism with combinations of dibromopropamidine isethionate or propamidine isethionate and polymyxin b. | combinations of polymyxin b and dibromopropamidine isethionate exhibited synergistic inhibitory and bactericidal activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, proteus mirabilis, escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. similar results were obtained with polymyxin b plus propamidine combinations except that propamidine was not as active as dibromopropamidine and the combination of polymyxin b plus propamidine against s. aureus only had additive activity. the antibacterial agen ... | 1994 | 7996383 |
| detection of the covalent intermediate of udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase by solution-state and time-resolved solid-state nmr spectroscopy. | uridine diphosphate-n-acetylglucosamine (udp-nag) enolpyruvyl transferase from enterobacter cloacae catalyzes the transfer of an enolpyruvyl moiety from phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) to the 3-hydroxyl of udp-nag to form enolpyruvyl udp-nag and inorganic phosphate. indirect evidence for the involvement of a covalent intermediate, in which the c-2 of o-phosphothioketal moiety is attached to cys-115, in the reaction catalyzed by udp-nag enolpyruvyl transferase has been reported by wanke and amrhein [wa ... | 1994 | 7999765 |
| the energy dependence of detergent resistance in enterobacter cloacae: a likely requirement for atp rather than a proton gradient or a membrane potential. | the enteric bacterium enterobacter cloacae was grown both aerobically and anaerobically in the presence of up to 1% of the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds). a continuous energy supply was necessary to maintain cell integrity and cells grown in sds (0.1-1%) lysed during carbon-limited stationary phase. the respiratory inhibitor kcn (3 mm) caused rapid lysis when added to aerobic, log phase, sds-containing cultures growing on glucose as the carbon source. however, when the sds (0.5%) ... | 1994 | 8012906 |
| resistance characteristics of blood culture isolates of enterobacter cloacae with special reference to beta-lactamases and relation to preceding antimicrobial therapy. | resistance characteristics of 53 blood culture isolates of e. cloacae were examined and correlated with antimicrobial treatment preceding bacteraemia. resistance patterns of 22 antimicrobial agents, presence of resistant mutants, and inducibility of beta-lactamase were investigated; furthermore, population analysis and investigation of beta-lactamase production of selected isolates were performed. thirty-two isolates (60%) were resistant to cephalothin and/or cefoxitin and/or ampicillin, and 14 ... | 1994 | 8024737 |
| evaluation of rapid one system for identification of 379 strains in the family enterobacteriaceae and oxidase-negative, gram-negative nonfermenters. | the ability of the rapid one system (innovative diagnostic systems, inc., norcross, ga.) to identify 364 strains in the family enterobacteriaceae and 15 oxidase-negative, gram-negative, nonfermentative rods was evaluated. kits were inoculated with no. 2 mcfarland standard suspensions, and reactions were interpreted after 4 h of incubation at 35 degrees c. overall, the method correctly identified (to the species level or to the genus level for salmonellas and non-shigella sonnei shigella species) ... | 1994 | 8027345 |
| comparative serum bactericidal activities of three doses of ciprofloxacin administered intravenously. | the pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities of three intravenous doses of ciprofloxacin were studied comparatively in 30 patients. single 200-, 300-, and 400-mg intravenous doses of ciprofloxacin were given over 30 min to 10 patients each, and serum samples were obtained at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 h after the start of the infusion. serum drug concentrations were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by using noncompartmental an ... | 1994 | 8031055 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of biapenem against enterobacteria with beta-lactamase-mediated antibiotic resistance. | the effects of enterobacterial beta-lactamases were studied for biapenem (l627), a new carbapenem. susceptibility tests were performed for isogenic mutant series of citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, serratia marcescens and proteus vulgaris which varied only in chromosomal beta-lactamase expression. beta-lactamase-derepressed organisms in these series were as susceptible as beta-lactamase-inducible strains to biapenem; beta-lactamase-basal mutants were up to eight-f ... | 1994 | 8040111 |
| [antibacterial activity of aztreonam against clinical isolates]. | to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a monobactam antibiotic, aztreonam (azt), mics of azt and other antibiotics against clinical isolates collected at 36 participating institutions after january 1992 were determined using the agar plate dilution method (size of inoculum, 10(6) cfu/ml) according to the japan society of chemotherapy standard. the antibiotics that were tested along with azt included piperacillin (pipc), cefoperazone (cpz), and amikacin (amk). azt was found to be more active a ... | 1994 | 8051793 |
| analysis of a carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae and of its lysr-type regulatory protein. | carbapenems such as imipenem are extended-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics, which are not hydrolyzed by the beta-lactamases commonly found in enterobacteriaceae. here we report a gene encoding a carbapenemase, which was cloned from the chromosome of a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae, strain nor-1, into pacyc184 plasmid in escherichia coli. unlike all the sequenced carbapenemases, which are class b metallo-beta-lactamases, the mature protein (nmca) is a class a serine beta-lactamase. nmc ... | 1994 | 8052644 |
| the oral prevalence of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods and yeasts in hong kong chinese. | saline oral rinse samples were obtained from 300 community-dwelling hong kong chinese attending an outpatient dental clinic to determine the oral prevalence of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods (agnr) and yeasts. the oral prevalence of agnr was 41.7%. enterobacteriaceae species comprised 73% of all agnr isolated, with an overall prevalence of 32%. there was no difference in prevalence between females (n = 190) and males (n = 110). morning samples (n = 154) yielded a signific ... | 1994 | 8067914 |
| combination effect of clindamycin with ceftazidime and cefoperazone in inducing filamentous growth of enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | | 1994 | 8071132 |
| the in vitro activity of fce 22101 against gram-negative aerobic isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporins. | the in vitro activity of fce 22101 against 97 gram-negative aerobic nosocomial isolates was compared with that of ceftriaxone using the agar dilution method. thirty-four (79%) of the 43 ceftriaxone resistant (mic > 16 mg/l) isolates were found to be fce 22101 susceptible (mic < or = 8 mg/l), while of the ceftriaxone susceptible isolates, only seven enterobacter cloacae and one serratia spp strain were fce 22101 resistant. the new penem may offer an alternative for treating nosocomial infections ... | 1994 | 8077992 |
| assessment of bacterial cross-transmission as a cause of infections in patients in intensive care units. | the prevalence of possible cross-transmission of selected bacteria (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, and enterococci) among infected patients was evaluated in five intensive care units (icus) over 6 months. a total of 284 isolates from clinical specimens were typed by plasmid profile analysis (e. coli, k. pneumoniae, and e. cloacae), restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid dna (s. aureus), and/or pulse-field gel el ... | 1994 | 8086555 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the gene for a carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase, sme-1, from serratia marcescens s6. | serratia marcescens s6 produces a pi 9.7 carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase that is probably encoded by the chromosome (y. yang, p. wu, and d. m. livermore, antimicrob. agents chemother. 34:755-758, 1990). a total of 11.3 kb of genomic dna from this strain was cloned into plasmid pacyc184 in escherichia coli. after further subclonings, the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase gene (blasme-1) was sequenced (embl accession number z28968). the gene corresponded to an 882-bp open reading frame w ... | 1994 | 8092824 |
| epidemiological fingerprinting of enterobacter cloacae by small-fragment restriction endonuclease analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic restriction fragments. | a cluster of infections caused by enterobacter cloacae was observed among preterm neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) of a pediatric hospital in osnabrück, germany. the presence of similar antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among the bacterial isolates prompted an investigation to determine whether a limited spread of a single strain existed. all 12 e. cloacae isolates from the nicu and 50 nonrelated strains were fingerprinted by small-fragment restriction endonuclease analysis ... | 1993 | 8093251 |
| a comparative study of the numbers of bacteria present in enteral feeds prepared and administered in hospital and the home. | levels and types of bacterial contamination were compared in enteral feeds prepared and administered in hospital or in the home. samples of feed administered to children suffering from cystic fibrosis were collected for microbiological analysis immediately after preparation, immediately prior to use (unless administered after preparation) and at the end of feeding. no bacteria were detected in 51 (70%) of the 73 feeds sampled on the hospital ward, and in most of the remaining feeds viable counts ... | 1993 | 8095947 |
| the occurrence of inducible anti-escherichia coli activity in hemolymph from the migratory grasshopper, melanoplus sanguinipes. | 1. inducible antibacterial activity against an escherichia coli strain has been shown to occur in the hemolymph of melanoplus sanguinipes. 2. this anti-e. coli activity was induced by the infection with serratia marcescens or e. coli k12 but not enterobacter cloacae. 3. the greatest anti-e. coli activity was observed in hemolymph extracted from grasshoppers 6 hr after the injection of any of the two species of bacteria. 4. anti-e. coli activity disappeared in hemolymph extracted from grasshopper ... | 1993 | 8097445 |
| the use of colonization rate and epidemic index as tools to illustrate the epidemiology of faecal enterobacteriaceae strains in swedish neonatal wards. | the epidemiology of faecal gram-negative bacteria was studied in 953 infants from 22 neonatal special care wards in swedish hospitals. two complementary methods to measure presumed nosocomial transmission of bacterial strains were used: the prevalence rate of major (m) phenotypes (strains that had colonized at least 10% of the infants in a particular ward) and the epidemic index (ei) (which measures the probability of isolating identical strains from different infants in a ward). about 1500 stra ... | 1993 | 8099928 |
| dna-based diagnostic tests for salmonella species targeting agfa, the structural gene for thin, aggregative fimbriae. | salmonella enteritidis 27655-3b and a few diarrheagenic escherichia coli strains produce morphologically and antigenically related, thin, aggregative fimbriae, collectively named gvvpq fimbriae (s. k. collinson, l. emödy, t. j. trust, and w. w. kay, j. bacteriol. 174:4490-4495, 1992). to determine whether gvvpq fimbriae are common to salmonella spp. and other enteropathogenic members of the family enterobacteriaceae, 113 isolates were phenotypically screened for congo red binding and aggregative ... | 1993 | 8104955 |
| transfer of plasmid rp4 from escherichia coli k-12 to indigenous bacteria of seawater. | transfer of plasmid rp4 from escherichia coli k-12 donor strain to bacteria isolated from seawater was shown to occur on filters and in sterile seawater incubated at 24 degrees c. ten of 12 seawater isolates tested were recipient active for rp4 when the plasmid transfers were assessed by filter matings. when matings were performed in sterile seawater, seven of the 12 isolates received rp4. in sterile seawater, the transfer of rp4 from e. coli to pseudomonads was more efficient than transfer betw ... | 1993 | 8111533 |
| [bacterial resistance to antibiotics in the czech republic. the working group for monitoring resistance in the czech republic]. | in 1991 the authors made an investigation on the resistance of clinically important bacteria. seventeen antibiotic centres in the czech republic participated in the investigation. the resistance to antibiotics of 32,567 strains of twelve bacterial species isolated from hospitalized patients depends on 1. the type of bacteria and antibiotics, 2. the source (specimen of pathological material) and 3. the locality (hospital). the resistance of staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin with the exception of ... | 1994 | 8111828 |
| enterobacter cloacae cross-colonization in neonates demonstrated by ribotyping. | the intestinal colonization by enterobacter cloacae strains with a derepressed cephalosporinase was studied in a paediatric ward between february 1990 and january 1991. environmental sampling was performed simultaneously. fifty-two isolates were recovered from 200 neonates (stool, blood) and 14 strains were isolated from the neonatal environment. an epidemiological study based on the typing of 36 enterobacter cloacae isolates was carried out using antibiotyping, biotyping and ribotyping methods. ... | 1993 | 8112352 |
| serum bactericidal activity after administration of four cephalosporins in healthy volunteers. | serum bactericidal activity (sba) was determined against ten strains each of staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus vulgaris and enterobacter cloacae in six volunteers 1 h and 4 h after intravenous infusion of 1 g and 2 g cefotaxime and cefmenoxime, and 2 g flomoxef, and against ten strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa after infusion of 1 g and 2 g ceftazidime. flomoxef showed the highest sba against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus. all cephalosporins had high sba again ... | 1993 | 8112358 |
| characterization of a plasmid-borne and constitutively expressed blamox-1 gene encoding ampc-type beta-lactamase. | a 1954-bp dna fragment containing the blamox-1 gene, identified on a large resident plasmid (prmox-1) of klebsiella pneumoniae nu2936, was sequenced and an open reading frame (orf) coding for a 390-amino-acid (aa) mox-1 was found. the total deduced aa sequence of mox-1 shared considerable homology with that of ampc-type class c beta-lactamases of gram- bacteria, especially of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 [51.3%; 63.8% at the nucleotide (nt) level]. however, the regulatory gene ampr and a 38-bp am ... | 1994 | 8112596 |
| [bacterial reducing qualities of copper-containing and non-copper-containing materials. i. contamination and sedimentation in humid and dry conditions]. | in this examination the bactericide qualities of different materials were tested. particularly the effect of humidity was examined. 3 materials containing copper ("copper", "brass" and "brass sheet") and 2 materials not containing copper ("polyamide b" and "high-grade steel") were tested. the surfaces of the 5 types of material were contaminated with a suspension of 2 different bacteria species (staphylococcus aureus and micrococcus luteus). after defined exposure times the survival rate of the ... | 1993 | 8117392 |
| differentiation of distribution systems, source water, and clinical coliforms by dna analysis. | during a 2-week period, enterobacter cloacae was isolated from throughout the water distribution system in new haven county, connecticut. there was no forewarning of this event and no apparent reasons for it. several epidemiologic and public health questions required rapid answers. were these e. cloacae isolates the result of treatment failure and breakthrough or was regrowth occurring within the system? did the e. cloacae isolates represent a health threat and were they causing infection? pulse ... | 1994 | 8126169 |
| cytotoxic and antibacterial labdane-type diterpenes from the aerial parts of cistus incanus subsp. creticus. | seven labdane-type diterpenoids were isolated from the leaves of cistus incanus subsp. creticus; their structures were established by spectroscopic means. all compounds were tested in vitro for their cytotoxicity against three cell line systems: kb, p-388; and nsclc-n6. their antibacterial and antifungal activities were tested against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, pseudomonas aeruginosae, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia, torulopsis glabrata, sacc ... | 1994 | 8134413 |
| evaluation of five different methods to prepare bacterial extracts for the identification of beta-lactamases by isoelectric focusing. | the x-press, osmotic shock, chloroform treatment, lysozyme treatment and ultrasonic disruption methods to release five different plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases from escherichia coli and one chromosomal beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae were compared. the main activities of tem-1, shv-1, oxa-1, oxa-2, pse-4 and chromosomal p99 beta-lactamases were found at the same isoelectric point irrespective of the method used. however, additional satellite bands were found with tem-1, oxa-1, oxa-2 a ... | 1993 | 8144421 |
| low-dosage cefepime as treatment for serious bacterial infections. | since infection develops in significant numbers of hospitalized patients, the problem of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins is of increasing concern. we evaluated the efficacy of cefepime 1 g bd as treatment for acute, moderately severe bacterial infection in 239 hospitalized patients (mean age 60 years). of these patients, 204 were evaluated clinically for urinary tract infection (uti) (n = 90), lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) (n = 70), skin and soft tissue infection (s/sti) ... | 1993 | 8150755 |
| a non-comparative, multicentre study of cefepime in the treatment of serious bacterial infections. | multi-resistant strains of gram-negative bacteria are rapidly emerging as a frequent cause of serious bacterial infection in the hospital environment. effective treatment must include an antibiotic with activity against these organisms. in an open multicentre study, cefepime was evaluated as empirical therapy in 156 hospitalized patients (mean age 57 years) with serious infection of the urinary tract (n = 43), lower respiratory tract (n = 101) and skin and soft tissue (n = 12). in 18 patients, s ... | 1993 | 8150757 |
| in-vitro activities of cefepime against enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas aeruginosa and other aerobic gram-negative bacilli. | infections caused by resistant bacterial pathogens such as citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa have become an increasing problem with respect to therapy in large medical centres in korea. the mics of cefepime for aerobic gram-negative bacilli isolated during 1991, mostly from in-patients in a hospital in seoul, were determined by the agar dilution method and compared with those of several other antimicrobials. of the agents tested, cefepime ... | 1993 | 8150765 |
| in-vitro activity of cefepime and other antimicrobials: survey of european isolates. | cefepime, a new cephalosporin which has a broad-spectrum of activity was tested in vitro against 1961 gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates obtained from european hospitals. cefepime was highly active against gram-negative organisms, inhibiting over 94% of strains tested. the overall susceptibility rate for cefepime against all isolates was 81%. cefepime was more active than any of the third-generation cephalosporins tested against species capable of producing type i beta-lactamases, ... | 1993 | 8150766 |
| in-vitro antibacterial activity of cefepime: a multicentre study. | the antimicrobial activity of cefepime, a new broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin, was evaluated in vitro against 1757 recent clinical gram-positive and gram-negative isolates. cefepime was active at low concentrations (mic50 values < or = 0.06 mg/l and mic90 values < or = 0.12 mg/l) against non-cephalosporinase-producing enterobacteriaceae (escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, salmonella spp. and shigella spp.). for klebsiella pneumoniae, mics were between 0.016 and 16 mg/l; the highest mic ... | 1993 | 8150767 |
| multipoint identification of enterobacteriaceae: report of the british society for microbial technology collaborative study. | to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of multipoint identification schemes in a multicentre trial. | 1993 | 8157751 |
| bacteremia due to transplantation of contaminated cryopreserved pancreatic islets. | to report two cases of pancreatic islet transplantation-related septicemia, and the results of an investigative protocol to identify potential sources of contamination. | 1994 | 8162286 |
| induction of cecropin-like and attacin-like antibacterial but not antiviral activity in heliothis virescens larvae. | inducible cecropin-like and attacin-like proteins were isolated from immune hemolymph obtained from vaccinated heliothis virescens larvae. the attacin-like protein had a molecular weight of approximately 25,000 daltons and was not dialyzable. the cecropin-like peptide had an estimated molecular weight of 6,000-7,000 daltons and was dialyzable, heat-stable and sensitive to trypsin digestion. the cecropin-like peptide showed bactericidal activity against escherichia coli and enterobacter cloacae, ... | 1994 | 8166704 |
| photochemical inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in human platelet concentrates. | platelet concentrates (pc) may be infrequently contaminated with low levels of bacteria that can cause septicemia and death in patients receiving transfusion therapy. we evaluated the efficacy of a photochemical decontamination (pcd) technique using 8-methoxypsoralen (8-mop) and long wavelength uv light (uva) to inactivate bacteria in standard therapeutic pc. twelve phylogenetically distinct pathogenic bacteria, 5 gram-positive and 7 gram-negative organisms, were seeded into pc to a final challe ... | 1994 | 8167348 |