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influence of extended-spectrum beta-lactams on gram-negative bacterial resistance.the influence of extended- spectrum beta-lactams on gram-negative bacterial resistance was studied.200818541686
comparative study of thermostability and ester synthesis ability of free and immobilized lipases on cross linked silica gel.a novel support has been utilized for immobilization of lipase, which was prepared by amination of silica with ethanolamine followed by cross linking with glutaraldehyde. lipases from rhizopus oryzae 3562 and enterobacter aerogenes were immobilized on activated silica gel, where they retained 60 and 50% of respective original activity. the thermal stability of the immobilized lipases was significantly improved in comparison to the free forms while the ph stability remained unchanged. e. aerogene ...200817882456
update on antimicrobial susceptibility rates among gram-negative and gram-positive organisms in the united states: results from the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (test) 2005 to 2007.the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (ttest) is a global surveillance study initiated in 2004.its goal is to assess the in vitro activity of the glycylcycline, tigecycline, and comparator antimicrobials. objective: the aim of this study was to measure the in vitro activity of a panel of antimicrobial agents against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms collected in the united states in 2005, 2006, and 2007.200819108792
combined physico-chemical treatments based on enterocin as-48 for inactivation of gram-negative bacteria in soybean sprouts.enterocin as-48 was tested for decontamination of soybean sprouts against gram-negative bacteria. although treatment with bacteriocin alone had no effect on salmonella enterica, a synergistic antimicrobial effect was detected at ph 9.0 and in combination with moderate heat treatment. greatest inactivation was achieved for sprouts heated for 5 min at 65 degrees c in an alkaline (ph 9.0) enterocin as-48 solution of 25 microg/ml. bactericidal activity against s. enterica increased greatly when ente ...200818577412
efficacy of contact lens systems against recent clinical and tap water acanthamoeba isolates.a recent increase in acanthamoeba keratitis (ak) cases has been associated with complete moistureplus, although many cases used other solutions. complete moistureplus contains taurine and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, unlike other multipurpose solutions (mpss). the purpose of this study is to (1) determine contact lens solution efficacy against recent clinical and tap water acanthamoeba isolates and (2) determine whether taurine inclusion increases acanthamoeba survival against contact lens sol ...200818580265
dictyostelium transcriptional responses to pseudomonas aeruginosa: common and specific effects from pao1 and pa14 strains.pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most relevant human opportunistic bacterial pathogens. two strains (pao1 and pa14) have been mainly used as models for studying virulence of p. aeruginosa. the strain pa14 is more virulent than pao1 in a wide range of hosts including insects, nematodes and plants. whereas some of the differences might be attributable to concerted action of determinants encoded in pathogenicity islands present in the genome of pa14, a global analysis of the differential host r ...200818590548
induction of nucleoside phosphorylase in enterobacter aerogenes and enzymatic synthesis of adenine arabinoside.nucleoside phosphorylases (npases) were found to be induced in enterobacter aerogenes dgo-04, and cytidine and cytidine 5'-monophosphate (cmp) were the best inducers. five mmol/l to fifteen mmol/l cytidine or cmp could distinctly increase the activities of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (pnpase), uridine phosphorylase (upase) and thymidine phosphorylase (tpase) when they were added into medium from 0 to 8 h. in the process of enzymatic synthesis of adenine arabinoside from adenine and uracil ar ...200818600781
maintenance metabolism and carbon fluxes in bacillus species.abstract:200818564406
the culture site of the gallbladder affects recovery of bacteria in symptomatic cholelithiasis.traditional methods for bile culturing may miss a large number of underlying bacterial infections that could lead to acute or chronic cholecystitis.200818568139
fluoroquinolone resistance during 2000-2005: an observational study.moxifloxacin is a respiratory fluoroquinolone with a community acquired pneumonia indication. unlike other fluoroquinolones used in our healthcare system, moxifloxacin's urinary excretion is low and thus we hypothesized that increased use of moxifloxacin is associated with an increase in fluoroquinolone resistance amongst gram negative uropathogens.200818501015
wound healing, anti-microbial and antioxidant potential of dendrophthoe falcata (l.f) ettingsh.dendrophthoe falcata (l.f) ettingsh (loranthaceae) of the order santalales, is used ethnomedicinally for treating ulcers, asthma, impotence, paralysis, skin diseases, and wounds. in this context, validations of the ethnotherapeutic claims of the plant in wound healing activity was studied, besides anti-microbial activity and antioxidant activity were performed to understand the mechanism of wound healing potency. the ethanolic extract of aerial parts of dendrophthoe falcata ethanolic extract (df ...200818790035
cadmium(ii) complexes of the glycerophosphodiester-degrading enzyme gpdq and a biomimetic n,o ligand.the glycerophosphodiester-degrading enzyme gpdq from enterobacter aerogenes is a promising bioremediator owing to its ability to degrade some organophosphate pesticides and diester products originating from the hydrolysis of nerve agents such as vx. here, the cadmium derivative of gpdq was prepared by reconstituting the apoenzyme. catalytic measurements with (cd(2+))(2)-gpdq and the phosphodiester substrate bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate yield k(cat) = 15 s(-1). the pk(a) of 9.4, determined from th ...200818535849
efficacy of plant essential oils against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria associated with ready-to-eat vegetables: antimicrobial and sensory screening.the objectives of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils (eos) against foodborne pathogens and key spoilage bacteria pertinent to ready-to-eat vegetables and to screen the selected eos for sensory acceptability. the eos basil, caraway, fennel, lemon balm, marjoram, nutmeg, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage, and thyme were evaluated. the bacteria evaluated were listeria spp., staphylococcus aureus, lactobacillus spp., bacillus cereus, salmonella, enterobacte ...200818810868
digestion of rice straw and oil palm fronds by microflora from rumen and termite bacteria, in vitro.the digestion and volatile fatty acid (vfa) production from rice straw and oil palm fronds by cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the termite coptotermes curvignathus were investigated. the bacteria were acinetobacter strain raminalimon, enterobacter aerogenes strain razmin c, enterobacter cloacae strain razmin b, bacillus cereus strain razmin a and chryseobacterium kwangyangense strain cb. acinetobacter strain raminalimon is an aerobic bacterium, while the other species are facultative anaerobe ...200818817130
the structure of urease activation complexes examined by flexibility analysis, mutagenesis, and small-angle x-ray scattering.conformational changes of klebsiella aerogenes urease apoprotein (ureabc)(3) induced upon binding of the ured and uref accessory proteins were examined by a combination of flexibility analysis, mutagenesis, and small-angle x-ray scattering (saxs). proflex analysis of urease provided evidence that the major domain of ureb can move in a hinge-like motion to account for prior chemical cross-linking results. rigidification of the ureb hinge region, accomplished through a g11p mutation, reduced the e ...200818823937
antibacterial activity of some medicinal plant extracts.antibacterial activity of hot aqueous and methanolic extracts prepared from six plants (terminallia chebula, terminallia bellerica, phyllanthus emblica, punica granatum, lawsonia alba and mikania micrantha) used in traditional folk medicines of india were screened against five pathogenic bacteria (staphylococcus aureus mtcc 2940, bacillus subtilis mtcc 441, escherichia coli mtcc 739, proteus vulgaris mtcc 426 and enterobacter aerogenes mtcc 111). the highest antibacterial potentiality was exhibi ...200818404337
in vivo development of carbapenem resistance in clinical isolates of enterobacter aerogenes producing multiple beta-lactamases.four clinical strains of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and ampc-producing enterobacter aerogenes were isolated successively from a liver transplantation patient. isolates c(1) and c(2) were isolated prior to carbapenem therapy, whilst isolates c(3) and c(4) were recovered after 40 days of carbapenem therapy. the homology of these strains was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). beta-lactamases were analysed by isoelectric focusing, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequenci ...200818556176
a versatile plasmid biosensor useful to identify quorum sensing luxr-family orphans in bacterial strains.eight luxi-family gene promoters (luxi, cvii, ahli, rhli, cepi, phzi, trai and ppui) were cloned in tandem, upstream a promoterless lacz gene in a promoter probe vector yielding pmultiahlprom. this unique construct is useful in determining whether a bacterial strain not producing n-acyl homoserine lactone signal molecules (ahls) possesses orphan luxr type proteins able to respond to ahls and activate transcription from quorum sensing target genes. using pmultiahlprom, it was demonstrated that en ...200818420295
evaluation of reuterin production in urogenital probiotic lactobacillus reuteri rc-14.classified as a distinct species in 1980, lactobacillus reuteri strains have been used in probiotic formulations for intestinal and urogenital applications. in the former, the primary mechanism of action of l. reuteri sd2112 (atcc 55730) has been purported to be its ability to produce the antibiotic 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-hpa), also known as reuterin. in the vagina, it has been postulated that probiotic lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 does not require reuterin production but mediates a restorat ...200818539802
antibacterial and preliminary phytochemical and physico-chemical analysis of eucalyptus citriodora hk leaf.the present communication deals with some studies on the antibacterial, physico-chemical and phytochemical parameters of different extracts of eucalyptus citriodora leaf. the antibacterial study was performed using the agar ditch method on some clinically important bacteria, namely pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, proteus vulgaris, citrobacter freundii, staphylococcus subflava, bacillus megaterium, and enterobacter aerogenes. physico-chemical parameters namely water, methanol, 1,4-dioxane, dmf, ac ...200818569717
type 3 fimbriae, encoded by the conjugative plasmid pola52, enhance biofilm formation and transfer frequencies in enterobacteriaceae strains.the conjugative plasmid pola52, which confers resistance to olaquindox and other antimicrobial agents through a multidrug efflux pump, was investigated for its ability to promote biofilm formation in escherichia coli. screening of a transposon-mutagenized pola52 clone library revealed several biofilm-deficient mutants, which all mapped within a putative operon with high homology to the mrkabcdf operon of klebsiella pneumoniae, where these genes are responsible for type 3 fimbriae expression, att ...200818174137
successive emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenemase-producing enterobacter aerogenes isolates in a university hospital.sixty-two clinical isolates of enterobacter aerogenes resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins were collected between july 2003 and may 2005. among these isolates, 23 (37.1%) were imipenem (ipm) susceptible, and 39 (62.9%) were ipm insusceptible, of which 89.7% (35/39) were resistant and 10.3% (4/39) were intermediate. isolate genotypes were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. of 62 isolates, 48 belonged to epidemic pulsotype a (77.4%). this pulsotype included 37.5% and 58.4% of b ...200818234876
molecular and descriptive epidemiologyof multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae in hospitalized infants.to investigate the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae (mdre) in hospitalized infants.200818251685
bacteriocin-producing lactobacillus strains isolated from poto poto, a congolese fermented maize product, and genetic fingerprinting of their plantaricin operons.thirty one bacteriocin-producing lactobacillus isolates were identified among 135 lactobacilli isolated from the congolese fermented maize product poto poto, during the preparation and from the finished product. using species-specific pcr and 16s rrna gene sequencing, 28 and 3 isolates were identified as l. plantarum and l. fermentum, respectively. cluster analysis of rapd-pcr fingerprints revealed two main groups (g1 and g2) plus the l. fermentum isolate c4-13. group g1 contained 23 isolates wi ...200818620772
viper metalloproteinase (agkistrodon halys pallas) with antimicrobial activity against multi-drug resistant human pathogens.metalloproteinases are abundant enzymes in crotalidae and viperidae snake venoms. snake venom metalloproteinases (svmps) comprise a family of zinc-dependent enzymes, which display many different biological activities. a 23.1 kda protein was isolated from agkistrodon halys (pallas, chinese viper) snake venom. the toxin is a single chain polypeptide with a molecular weight of 23146.61 and an n-terminal sequence (miqvllvticlavfpyqgssiiles) relatively similar to that of other metalloprotein-like pro ...200818297685
antimicrobial activity and synergism of some substituted flavonoids.natural and synthetic substituted chalcones, flavones and flavanones were tested for antibacterial activity. in order to determine synergism, new combinations of substituted flavonoids against staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and enterobacter aerogenes were assayed. the results allow us to establish relationships between antimicrobial effect of the compounds and membrane structures of these microorganisms. when flavonoid combinations were employed a stronger effect was found against e. co ...200818481214
occurrence of esbl & amp-c beta-lactamases & susceptibility to newer antimicrobial agents in complicated uti.production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) and ampc beta-lactamases are the most common mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in gram negative bacilli. a prospective study was undertaken to know the occurrence of esbl and ampc producing strains and their antibiotic susceptibilities to newer agents to guide empirical therapy for complicated urinary tract infections.200818316858
hypoxia-independent activation of hif-1 by enterobacteriaceae and their siderophores.hypoxia inducible factor-1 (hif-1) is the key transcriptional regulator during adaptation to hypoxia. recent studies provide evidence for hif-1 activation during bacterial infections. however, molecular details of how bacteria activate hif-1 remain unclear. here, we pursued the role of bacterial siderophores in hif-1 activation during infection with enterobacteriaceae.200818325389
ethanolamine activates a sensor histidine kinase regulating its utilization in enterococcus faecalis.enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive commensal bacterium of the human intestinal tract. its opportunistic pathogenicity has been enhanced by the acquisition of multiple antibiotic resistances, making the treatment of enterococcal infections an increasingly difficult problem. the extraordinary capacity of this organism to colonize and survive in a wide variety of ecological niches is attributable, at least in part, to signal transduction pathways mediated by two-component systems (tcs). here, ...200818776017
[recent evolution and characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteria in the chu of nice (2005-2007)].esbl producing enterobacteria (e-esbl+) are always a public health concern, mainly due to increase of ctx-m beta-lactamase. so, 542 new strains were isolated in the chu de nice during the 2005-2007 period. the aim of this work was to characterize the esbl and to type isolates suspected to be implicated in outbreaks.200818848404
malonate-bound structure of the glycerophosphodiesterase from enterobacter aerogenes (gpdq) and characterization of the native fe2+ metal-ion preference.the structure of a malonate-bound form of the glycerophosphodiesterase from enterobacter aerogenes, gpdq, has been refined at a resolution of 2.2 a to a final r factor of 17.1%. the structure was originally solved to 2.9 a resolution using sad phases from zn2+ metal ions introduced into the active site of the apoenzyme [jackson et al. (2007), j. mol. biol. 367, 1047-1062]. however, the 2.9 a resolution was insufficient to discern significant details of the architecture of the binuclear metal cen ...200818678932
nxl104 combinations versus enterobacteriaceae with ctx-m extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases.the beta-lactamase landscape is changing radically, with ctx-m types now the most prevalent extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) worldwide, except maybe in the usa. in addition, there are growing numbers of enterobacteriaceae with kpc and metallo-carbapenemases. we examined whether combinations of oxyimino-cephalosporins with nxl104, a novel non-beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor, overcame these resistances.200818689875
kinetic flux profiling for quantitation of cellular metabolic fluxes.this protocol enables quantitation of metabolic fluxes in cultured cells. measurements are based on the kinetics of cellular incorporation of stable isotope from nutrient into downstream metabolites. at multiple time points, after cells are rapidly switched from unlabeled to isotope-labeled nutrient, metabolism is quenched, metabolites are extracted and the extract is analyzed by chromatography-mass spectrometry. resulting plots of unlabeled compound versus time follow variants of exponential de ...200818714301
identification and evolution of drug efflux pump in clinical enterobacter aerogenes strains isolated in 1995 and 2003.the high mortality impact of infectious diseases will increase due to accelerated evolution of antibiotic resistance in important human pathogens. development of antibiotic resistance is a evolutionary process inducing the erosion of the effectiveness of our arsenal of antibiotics. resistance is not necessarily limited to a single class of antibacterial agents but may affect many unrelated compounds; this is termed 'multidrug resistance' (mdr). the major mechanism of mdr is the active expulsion ...200818787654
dualistic acidic and neutral glucose fermentation balance in small intestine: simulation in vitro.intestinal microbes live in diminished or deprived oxygen conditions. facultative anaerobic bacteria of the family enterobacteriaceae ferment glucose in the gut using two main pathways: mixed acid and neutral fermentations. the aim of the present study was to clarify the roles of these fermentations in an in vitro model. acid-producing escherichia coli atcc 25922 and neutral end-products producing klebsiella mobilis atcc 13048 were cultured in a portable microbe enrichment unit (pmeu) which perm ...200818804970
substrate-promoted formation of a catalytically competent binuclear center and regulation of reactivity in a glycerophosphodiesterase from enterobacter aerogenes.the glycerophosphodiesterase (gpdq) from enterobacter aerogenes is a promiscuous binuclear metallohydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of mono-, di-, and triester substrates, including some organophosphate pesticides and products of the degradation of nerve agents. gpdq has attracted recent attention as a promising enzymatic bioremediator. here, we have investigated the catalytic mechanism of this versatile enzyme using a range of techniques. an improved crystal structure (1.9 a resolution) i ...200818831553
synthesis and in-vitro antibacterial activity of 5-substituted 1-methyl-4-nitro-1h-imidazoles.a series of 5-substituted 1-methyl-4-nitro-1h-imidazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for in-vitro antibacterial activity against a panel of microorganisms including staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia, enterobacter aerogenes, and helicobacter pylori using conventional agar dilution method. among the test compounds, 1-methyl-4-nitro-5-(phenylsulfonyl)-1h-imidazole was the most potent against gram-positive bacte ...200818618489
a tripartite efflux pump involved in gastrointestinal colonization by klebsiella pneumoniae confers a tolerance response to inorganic acid.the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of patients by the opportunistic gram-negative bacillus klebsiella pneumoniae generally occurs prior to the development of nosocomial infections. mutant strain c-81 was isolated owing to its reduced capacity to colonize the digestive tract in a murine model following transposon mutagenesis (n. maroncle, d. balestrino, c. rich, and c. forestier, infect. immun. 70:4729-4734, 2002). nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the transposon had inserted i ...200818644883
effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates on the growth of aerobic heterotrophic cultivable bacteria isolated from an agricultural soil.an enrichment culture technique was used to isolate soil bacteria capable of growing in the presence of two different concentrations of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (las) (10 and 500 microg ml(-1)). nine bacterial strains, representatives of the major colony types of aerobic heterotrophic cultivable bacteria in the enriched samples, were isolated and subsequently identified by pcr-amplification and partial sequencing of the 16s rrna gene. amongst the isolates, strains las05 (pseudomonas syring ...200818443905
experimental and qsar of acetophenones as antibacterial agents.antibacterial activity of 20 acetophenone derivatives was evaluated against two gram-positive and three gram-negative organisms, namely, bacillus subtilis ncim 2718, staphylococcus aureus ncim5021, salmonella typhi ncim2501, enterobacter aerogenes ncim5139, and proteus vulgaris ncim2813 by two-fold dilution method. the most active amongst this group of compounds were 4-methyl, 2-hydroxy, 3-bromo, 4-ethoxy, 3-nitro and 4-nitro acetophenones. quantitative structure-activity relationships were deve ...200818844677
[bacteriological study on adult chronic sinusitis operated after endoscopic sinus surgery].to explore the bacteria isolated from middle nasal meatus, maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus and postoperative cavity of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and their characteristics of antibiotic resistance.200718335747
plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance in marine bacteria.this research work was conducted in uppanar estuary to ascertain the role of plasmids in the antibiotic resistance of bacteria. water and sediment samples were collected for a period of three months. when tested against 20 antibiotics 22 mar strains were isolated from the samples, which were found resistant to 5-13 antibiotics. they belong to 7 genera and 10 species. gram-negative bacteria namely neisseria mucosa, n. sicca, branhamella catarrhalis, klebsiella ozaenae, citrobacterintermedius, pse ...200718380085
bioproduction of d-psicose from allitol with enterobacter aerogenes ik7: a new frontier in rare ketose production.d-psicose, a new alternative sweetener, was produced from allitol by microbial oxidation of the newly isolated strain enterobacter aerogenes ik7. cells grown in tryptic soy broth medium (tsb) supplemented with d-mannitol at 37 degrees c were found to have the best oxidation potential. the cells, owing to broad substrate specificity, oxidized various polyols (tetritol, pentitol, and hexitol) to corresponding rare ketoses. by a resting cell reaction, 10% of allitol was completely transformed to th ...200718071247
[antimicrobial effect of 4-(adamantyl-1)-1-(1-aminobutyl)benzol].antimicrobial activity in vitro of adamantine derivative in respect of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms has been studied. in these conditions gram-positive bacteria and some representatives of gram-negative microorganisms (shigella flexneri, s. newvcastle, enterobacter aerogenes etc.) had maximal sensitivity (mic 0.6-5.0 and 0.1-5.0 mg/ml, respectively). pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to this substance (mic >1 mg/ml).200718217353
thermodynamics of ni2+, cu2+, and zn2+ binding to the urease metallochaperone uree.the two ni2+ ions in the urease active site are delivered by the metallochaperone uree, whose metal binding properties are central to the assembly of this metallocenter. isothermal titration calorimetry (itc) has been used to quantify the stoichiometry, affinity, and thermodynamics of ni2+, cu2+, and zn2+ binding to the well-studied c-terminal truncated h144*uree from klebsiella aerogenes, ni2+ binding to the wild-type k. aerogenes uree protein, and ni2+ and zn2+ binding to the wild-type uree pr ...200717711301
decontamination effects of low-temperature plasma generated by corona discharge. part ii: new insights.the second part of our paper presents the results of experiments with the decontamination of surfaces by low-temperature plasma generated by corona discharge in air at atmospheric pressure. a simple device is described and the effects of the corona discharge on model microorganisms, viz. the yeast candida albicans, gram-negative bacteria escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, neisseria sicca, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, gram-positive bacteria deinococcus radiodurans, enterococcus faecium, s ...200718225640
single daily high-dose tigecycline therapy of a multidrug-resistant (mdr) klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter aerogenes nosocomial urinary tract infection. 200718230562
the use of ultrasonic imaging to evaluate the effect of protozoan grazing and movement on the topography of bacterial biofilms.this study evaluated the effect of protozoan movement and grazing on the topography of a dual-bacterial biofilm using both conventional light microscopy and a new ultrasonic technique.200717897377
medicinal smoke reduces airborne bacteria.this study represents a comprehensive analysis and scientific validation of our ancient knowledge about the effect of ethnopharmacological aspects of natural products' smoke for therapy and health care on airborne bacterial composition and dynamics, using the biolog microplate panels and microlog database. we have observed that 1h treatment of medicinal smoke emanated by burning wood and a mixture of odoriferous and medicinal herbs (havan sámagri=material used in oblation to fire all over india) ...200717913417
the structure and function of a novel glycerophosphodiesterase from enterobacter aerogenes.the structure of the glycerophosphodiesterase (gdpd) from enterobacter aerogenes, gpdq, has been solved by sad phasing from the active site metal ions. structural analysis indicates that gpdq belongs to the alpha/beta sandwich metallo-phosphoesterase family, rather than the (alpha/beta)(8) barrel gdpd family, suggesting that gpdq is a structurally novel gdpd. hexameric gpdq is generated by interactions between three dimers. the dimers are formed through domain swapping, stabilised by an inter-ch ...200717306828
antibacterial activity of snake, scorpion and bee venoms: a comparison with purified venom phospholipase a2 enzymes.venoms of snakes, scorpions, bees and purified venom phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) enzymes were examined to evaluate the antibacterial activity of purified venom enzymes as compared with that of the crude venoms.200717309613
carbapenemases: molecular diversity and clinical consequences.carbapenemases are beta-lactamases that hydrolyze most beta-lactams including carbapenems. carbapenemases are classified in four molecular classes; those belonging to class a are the chromosomally-encoded and clavulanic acid-inhibited imi, nmc-a and sme, identified in enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens; the plasmid-encoded kpc enzymes identified in enterobacteriaceae (and rarely in pseudomonas aeruginosa); and the ges-type enzymes identified in enterobacteriaceae and p. aeruginosa. the ...200717927473
optic atrophy due to curvularia lunata mucocoele.the authors report on the case of a 57-year-old male who presented with poor vision of his right eye. he had right optic nerve atrophy secondary to neural compression by a mucocoele in the pituitary fossa. the patient underwent transphenoidal resection of the mucocoele. microbiology revealed curvularia lunata and enterobacter aerogenes present in the specimen. he was treated with liposomal amphotericin b and meropenem. assessment of vision post-operatively demonstrated improvement in his visual ...200717323004
predictors of in-hospital mortality for bloodstream infections caused by enterobacter species or citrobacter freundii.to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality among patients with bacteremia caused by enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, or citrobacter freundii.200717253909
evaluation of a new selective chromogenic agar medium for detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae.a novel chromogenic agar medium (esbl-bx; biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france) was compared to macconkey agar supplemented with 2 mg ceftazidime/liter (mckc) for the selective isolation and presumptive identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae directly from clinical samples. of a total of 644 clinical specimens (including 551 fecal samples), 496 yielded no growth and 148 yielded growth on one or both media. overall, 44 esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae ...200717182756
characterization of a novel d-lyxose isomerase from cohnella laevoribosii ri-39 sp. nov.a newly isolated bacterium, cohnella laevoribosii ri-39, could grow in a defined medium with l-ribose as the sole carbon source. a 21-kda protein isomerizing l-ribose to l-ribulose, as well as d-lyxose to d-xylulose, was purified to homogeneity from this bacterium. based on the n-terminal and internal amino acid sequences of the purified enzyme obtained by n-terminal sequencing and quantitative time of flight mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry analyses, a 549-bp gene (lyxa) encoding d-lyxose (l ...200717189362
emerging bacterial pathogens: escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes and proteus mirabilis clinical isolates harbouring the same transferable plasmid coding for metallo-beta-lactamase vim-1 in greece. 200717255145
characterization of a novel d-lyxose isomerase from cohnella laevoribosii ri-39 sp. nov.a newly isolated bacterium, cohnella laevoribosii ri-39, could grow in a defined medium with l-ribose as the sole carbon source. a 21-kda protein isomerizing l-ribose to l-ribulose, as well as d-lyxose to d-xylulose, was purified to homogeneity from this bacterium. based on the n-terminal and internal amino acid sequences of the purified enzyme obtained by n-terminal sequencing and quantitative time of flight mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry analyses, a 549-bp gene (lyxa) encoding d-lyxose (l ...200717189362
synthesis of pseudopeptides based l-tryptophan as a potential antimicrobial agent.four compounds named l-btrppa, l-trp-o-pa, l-trp-m-pa and l-trp-p-pa, pseudopeptides constructed from pyridine and tryptophan units, were synthesized and tested against the gram-positive, gram-negative strains of bacteria and human pathogenic fungi. l-trp-o-pa proved to be a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, showing a significant inhibition of the growth of gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant s. aureus, bacillus subtilis, micrococcus luteus), and pathogenic fun ...200717257839
prevalence and diversity of qnr alleles in ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter freundii and serratia marcescens: a multicentre study from korea.to investigate the prevalence of qnr determinants, their influence on quinolone susceptibility and their association with other plasmid-mediated genes in ampc-producing enterobacteriaceae without any selection criteria.200717660263
emergence of arma and rmtb aminoglycoside resistance 16s rrna methylases in belgium.16s rrna methylase-mediated high-level resistance to aminoglycosides has been reported recently in clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli only from a limited number of countries. this study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of this type of resistance in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae from two belgian hospitals and the characteristics of the strains.200717224412
antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacilli causing infections in intensive care unit patients in the united states between 1993 and 2004.during the 12-year period from 1993 to 2004, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 74,394 gram-negative bacillus isolates recovered from intensive care unit (icu) patients in united states hospitals were determined by participating hospitals and collected in a central location. mics for 12 different agents were determined using a standardized broth microdilution method. the 11 organisms most frequently isolated were pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.2%), escherichia coli (18.8%), klebsiella pneumoni ...200717715376
management of risk of microbial cross-contamination from uncooked frozen hamburgers by alcohol-based hand sanitizer.this research was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer on hands contaminated with a nonpathogen surrogate for escherichia coli o157:h7, where the source of the contamination was frozen hamburger patties. a nonpathogenic nalidixic acid-resistant food-grade strain of enterobacter aerogenes was used to inoculate frozen hamburger patties composed of 76% lean beef and 24% fat. thirty-two individuals participated to produce the data used in this study. each part ...200717265868
the endemic situation of enterobacter aerogenes and enterobacter cloacae: you will only discover what you are looking for. 200717275960
antibacterial activity of bioconverted eicosapentaenoic (epa) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha) against foodborne pathogenic bacteria.the antimicrobial activity of bioconversion extracts of epa and dha against a range of foodborne pathogenic bacteria was investigated. the bioconverted epa and dha exhibited antibacterial activities against four gram-positive bacteria, bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus (atcc 6538) and s. aureus (kctc 1916) and seven gram-negative bacteria, enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, e. coli o157:h7, e. coli o157:h7 (human), pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enteriti ...200716860896
detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among enterobacteriaceae by use of semiautomated microbiology systems and manual detection procedures.three commercially available microbiology identification and susceptibility testing systems were compared with regard to their ability to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) production in enterobacteriaceae, i.e., the phoenix automated microbiology system (bd diagnostic systems, sparks, md), the vitek 2 system (biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france), and the microscan walkaway-96 system (dade behring, inc., west sacramento, ca), using routine testing panels. one hundred fifty putative es ...200717287329
intracellular accumulation of linezolid in escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii and enterobacter aerogenes: role of enhanced efflux pump activity and inactivation.the oxazolidinone class of antibiotics such as linezolid have a narrow spectrum of activity that targets gram-positive bacteria. we hypothesized that the poor activity of linezolid in gram-negative bacteria is in part caused by relatively low intracellular concentration due to efflux.200716971414
evaluation of phoenix automated microbiology system for detecting extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among chromosomal ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens.we evaluated the bd phoenix extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) detection test among chromosomal ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens. the study was conducted on 72 non-repetitive esbl producers (33 e. cloacae, 13 e. aerogenes, 14 c. freundii, and 12 s. marcescens) and 77 esbl non-producers (33 e. cloacae, 9 e. aerogenes, 6 c. freundii, and 29 s. marcescens). the organisms were selected as suspected esbl-producers based on ...200717311873
quantitative analysis of the growth of salmonella stanley during alfalfa sprouting and evaluation of enterobacter aerogenes as its surrogate.raw seed sprouts have been implicated in several food poisoning outbreaks in the last 10 years. few studies have included investigations of factors influencing the effectiveness of testing spent irrigation water, and in no studies to date has a nonpathogenic surrogate been identified as suitable for large-scale irrigation water testing trials. alfalfa seeds were inoculated with salmonella stanley or its presumptive surrogate (nalidixic acid-resistant enterobacter aerogenes) at three concentratio ...200717340864
periodontal disease as reservoir for multi-resistant and hydrolytic enterobacterial species.this investigation aimed to isolate enteric rods from subgingival sites of patients presenting chronic periodontitis lesions, and to assess antimicrobial resistance and expression of hydrolytic enzymes.200717451514
microbial production of hydrogen and ethanol from glycerol-containing wastes discharged from a biodiesel fuel production plant in a bioelectrochemical reactor with thionine.h(2) and ethanol production from glycerol-containing wastes discharged from a biodiesel fuel production plant by enterobacter aerogenes nbrc 12010 was demonstrated in bioelectrochemical cells. thionine as an exogenous electron transfer mediator was reduced by e. aerogenes, and was re-oxidized by a working electrode applied at +0.2 v against a ag/agcl reference electrode by a potentiostat (electrode system). at the initial glycerol concentration of 110 mm, 92.9 mm glycerol was consumed in the ele ...200717390385
re-citrate synthase from clostridium kluyveri is phylogenetically related to homocitrate synthase and isopropylmalate synthase rather than to si-citrate synthase.the synthesis of citrate from acetyl-coenzyme a and oxaloacetate is catalyzed in most organisms by a si-citrate synthase, which is si-face stereospecific with respect to c-2 of oxaloacetate. however, in clostridium kluyveri and some other strictly anaerobic bacteria, the reaction is catalyzed by a re-citrate synthase, whose primary structure has remained elusive. we report here that re-citrate synthase from c. kluyveri is the product of a gene predicted to encode isopropylmalate synthase. c. klu ...200717400742
beta-d-allose inhibits fruiting body formation and sporulation in myxococcus xanthus.myxococcus xanthus, a gram-negative soil bacterium, responds to amino acid starvation by entering a process of multicellular development which culminates in the assembly of spore-filled fruiting bodies. previous studies utilizing developmental inhibitors (such as methionine, lysine, or threonine) have revealed important clues about the mechanisms involved in fruiting body formation. we used biolog phenotype microarrays to screen 384 chemicals for complete inhibition of fruiting body development ...200717056749
beta-d-allose inhibits fruiting body formation and sporulation in myxococcus xanthus.myxococcus xanthus, a gram-negative soil bacterium, responds to amino acid starvation by entering a process of multicellular development which culminates in the assembly of spore-filled fruiting bodies. previous studies utilizing developmental inhibitors (such as methionine, lysine, or threonine) have revealed important clues about the mechanisms involved in fruiting body formation. we used biolog phenotype microarrays to screen 384 chemicals for complete inhibition of fruiting body development ...200717056749
effect of a chronic nail-biting habit on the oral carriage of enterobacteriaceae.nail biting is a common oral habit in children and young adults. however, its effect on the oral carriage of enterobacteriaceae is unclear. the purpose of the study was to evaluate the differences in prevalence of enterobacteriaceae in saliva samples from subjects with and without a nail-biting habit.200717241163
mathematical modeling and assessment of microbial migration during the sprouting of alfalfa in trays in a nonuniformly contaminated seed batch using enterobacter aerogenes as a surrogate for salmonella stanley.raw seed sprouts have been implicated in several food poisoning outbreaks in the past 10 years. the u.s. food and drug administration recommends that sprout growers use interventions (such as testing of spent irrigation water) to control the presence of pathogens in the finished product. during the sprouting process, initially low concentrations of pathogen may increase, and contamination may spread within a batch of sprouting seeds. a model of pathogen growth as a function of time and distance ...200718044441
the first agmatine/cadaverine aminopropyl transferase: biochemical and structural characterization of an enzyme involved in polyamine biosynthesis in the hyperthermophilic archaeon pyrococcus furiosus.we report here the characterization of the first agmatine/cadaverine aminopropyl transferase (acapt), the enzyme responsible for polyamine biosynthesis from an archaeon. the gene pf0127 encoding acapt in the hyperthermophile pyrococcus furiosus was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity. p. furiosus acapt is a homodimer of 65 kda. the broad substrate specificity of the enzyme toward the amine acceptors is unique, as agmatine, 1,3-diamino ...200717545282
application of pcr ribotyping and tdna-pcr for klebsiella pneumoniae identification.pcr analysis of 16s-23s internal transcribed spacer (pcr ribotyping) and trna intergenic spacer (tdna-pcr) were evaluated for their effectiveness in identification of clinical strains of klebsiella pneumoniae and differentiation with related species. for this purpose both methods were applied to forty-three clinical isolates biochemically identified as k. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae isolated from patients clinical specimens attended at five hospitals in three brazilian cities. references strain ...200717992365
preliminary investigations on inducing salt tolerance in maize through inoculation with rhizobacteria containing acc deaminase activity.twenty rhizobacterial strains containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase were isolated from the rhizosphere of salt-affected maize fields. they were screened for their growth-promoting activities under axenic conditions at 1, 4, 8, and 12 ds x m-1 salinity levels. based upon the data of the axenic study, the 6 most effective strains were selected to conduct pot trials in the wire house. besides one original salinity level (1.6 ds x m-1), 3 other salinity levels (4, 8, and 12 ds x m-1 ...200718026206
diversity of microflora in the gut and casts of tropical composting earthworms reared on different substrates.the diversity of fungi, bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes and protozoa were analysed in the gut and casts of eudrilus eugeniae, lampito mauritii, eisenia fetida and perionyx excavatus, both qualitatively and quantitatively as influenced by different feed substrates like clay loam soil, cowdung and pressmud. while actinomycetes (streptomyces albus, s. somaliensis, nocardia asteroides, n. caviae and saccharomonosporia) were not digested by any of these species of worms, protozoa (amoeba proteus, a. t ...200717717992
evolutionary conservation of p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 primary structure and function.p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (psgl-1) plays a critical role in recruiting leukocytes in inflammatory lesions by mediating leukocyte rolling on selectins. core-2 o-glycosylation of a n-terminal threonine and sulfation of at least one tyrosine residue of psgl-1 are required for l- and p-selectin binding. little information is available on the intra- and inter-species evolution of psgl-1 primary structure. in addition, the evolutionary conservation of selectin binding site on psgl-1 has not bee ...200717868453
high diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae from portugal.to investigate the occurrence and the diversity of ambler class a esbls among enterobacteriaceae from different portuguese clinical settings over a 2 year period (2002-04).200717913717
nitrosative stress treatment of e. coli targets distinct set of thiol-containing proteins.reactive nitrogen species (rns) function as powerful antimicrobials in host defence, but so far little is known about their bacterial targets. in this study, we set out to identify escherichia coli proteins with rns-sensitive cysteines. we found that only a very select set of proteins contain cysteines that undergo reversible thiol modifications upon nitric oxide (no) treatment in vivo. of the 10 proteins that we identified, six (atpa, acef, fabb, gapa, ilvc, tufa) have been shown to harbour fun ...200717919278
benzoic acid-degrading bacteria from the intestinal tract of macrotermes michaelseni sjöstedt.the intestinal tracts of termites host a wide variety of microbial symbionts, which have been implicated in degradative processes. in this study, a fungus-cultivating termite, macrotermes michaelseni was found to harbor 2.2 x 10(6) bacterial cells per ml of gut homogenates capable of degrading benzoic acid. two benzoic acid degrading bacteria were isolated from the highest dilution of gut homogenates in oxic media with benzoic acid as the sole carbon source. isolate cbc was related to stenotroph ...200717304624
substrate specificity of the oqxab multidrug resistance pump in escherichia coli and selected enteric bacteria.a plasmid-encoded multidrug efflux pump, oqxab, identified in escherichia coli of porcine origin, was tested for substrate specificity against selected antibiotics, detergents and disinfectants. the ability of horizontal transfer to food-borne pathogens of the enterobacteriaceae family was also investigated.200717526501
incidence of class a extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in champagne-ardenne (france): a 1 year prospective study.to assess the frequency and diversity of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in the champagne-ardenne region france, and to identify genetic elements associated with the bla(ctx-m) genes.200717804424
growth of acanthamoeba castellanii and hartmannella vermiformis on live, heat-killed and dtaf-stained bacterial prey.the growth responses of two species of amoeba were evaluated in the presence of live, heat-killed and heat-killed/5-(4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl) aminofluorescein (dtaf)-stained cells of escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella aerogenes, klebsiella ozaenae and staphylococcus aureus. the specific growth rates of both species were significantly higher with live bacterial prey, the only exception being hartmannella vermiformis feeding on s. aureus, for which growth rates were equivalent o ...200717596189
characterization of a phosphodiesterase capable of hydrolyzing ea 2192, the most toxic degradation product of the nerve agent vx.glycerophosphodiesterase (gpdq) from enterobacter aerogenes is a nonspecific diesterase that enables escherichia coli to utilize alkyl phosphodiesters, such as diethyl phosphate, as the sole phosphorus source. the catalytic properties of gpdq were determined, and the best substrate found was bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate with a kcat/km value of 6.7 x 10(3) m-1 s-1. in addition, the e. aerogenes diesterase was tested as a catalyst for the hydrolysis of a series of phosphonate monoesters which are ...200717630782
cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and analysis of the acrab-tolc efflux pump of enterobacter cloacae and determination of its involvement in antibiotic resistance in a clinical isolate.enterobacter cloacae is an emerging clinical pathogen that may be responsible for nosocomial infections. management of these infections is often difficult, owing to the high frequency of strains that are resistant to disinfectants and antimicrobial agents in the clinical setting. multidrug efflux pumps, especially those belonging to the resistance-nodulation-division family, play a major role as a mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative pathogens. in the present study, we cloned a ...200717638702
[resistance to the latest beta-lactams: mechanisms of acquisition and spread of resistance in enterobacteriaceae].resistance to antibiotics may drastically diminish the efficacy of therapy in some clinical circumstances. the emergence of enterobacteriaceae (klebsiella pneumoniae, aerobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli) resistant to the more recent beta-lactam agents (cefepime, cefpirome, azthreonam and carbapenems) generally results from misuse of antibiotics, leading to the selection of preexisting resistant mutants. resistance is usually due to beta-lactamase expression, through: -- mutations involving th ...200717645106
the enterobacter aerogenes outer membrane efflux proteins tolc and eefc have different channel properties.the outer membrane proteins tolc and eefc from enterobacter aerogenes are involved in multidrug resistance as part of two resistance-nodulation-division efflux systems. to gain more understanding in the molecular mechanism underlying drug efflux, we have undertaken an electrophysiological characterization of the channel properties of these two proteins. tolc and eefc were purified in their native trimeric form and then reconstituted in proteoliposomes for patch-clamp experiments and in planar li ...200717658457
peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization for rapid detection of klebsiella pneumoniae from positive blood cultures.this study evaluated a novel peptide nucleic acid (pna) probe targeting a region of the 23s rrna gene of klebsiella pneumoniae by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). analytical performance was determined using 39 reference strains and other well-characterized strains of klebsiella spp. and enterobacter aerogenes. the probe was found to be specific for the k. pneumoniae complex (k. pneumoniae including klebsiella ozaenae and klebsiella variicola). the diagnostic accuracy was evaluated with ...200717577055
effect of some nitrosative agents on the growth of vgb-bearing enterobacter aerogenes strains.the effect of transnitrosation intermediate between s-nitroso-n-acetylcysteine (nacysno) and cysteine on the growth of vgb-bearing enterobacter aerogenes was investigated using three parameters: the ratio of the specific growth rates, the inhibition zone, and alpha-amylase synthesis for the culture exposed to stressors to that of the same stressor-free cultures. the effect of nacysno/cysteine on the growth of enterobacter strains was distinctive as compared with the cysno, nacysno, and their com ...200717534561
inhibition of hydrogen uptake in escherichia coli by expressing the hydrogenase from the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803.molecular hydrogen is an environmentally-clean fuel and the reversible (bi-directional) hydrogenase of the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 as well as the native escherichia coli hydrogenase 3 hold great promise for hydrogen generation. these enzymes perform the simple reaction 2h+ + 2e- <--> h2 (g).200717521447
pyocyanin alters redox homeostasis and carbon flux through central metabolic pathways in pseudomonas aeruginosa pa14.the opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa produces colorful, redox-active antibiotics called phenazines. excretion of pyocyanin, the best-studied natural phenazine, is responsible for the bluish tint of sputum and pus associated with p. aeruginosa infections in humans. although the toxicity of pyocyanin for other bacteria, as well as its role in eukaryotic infection, has been studied extensively, the physiological relevance of pyocyanin metabolism for the producing organism is not well u ...200717526704
comparative efficacy of two doses of nebulized colistimethate in the eradication of pseudomonas aeruginosa in children with cystic fibrosis.cystic fibrosis (cf) affects the respiratory and digestive systems. it evolves toward deterioration of pulmonary function through colonization with pseudomonas aeruginosa. there is no consensus with respect to its eradication. nebulized colistimethate is used for eradication treatment, but the optimal dose and duration is yet to be determined.200718060092
regional variations in multidrug resistance among enterobacteriaceae in the usa and comparative activity of tigecycline, a new glycylcycline antimicrobial.we report here on the activity of tigecycline and comparators against multidrug-resistant (resistant to >or=3 antimicrobial classes; mdr) enterobacteriaceae from the usa collected between january 2004 and january 2006 as part of the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (test). nationally, 131 (5.9%) escherichia coli, 174 (10.1%) klebsiella pneumoniae, 4 (1.2%) klebsiella oxytoca, 24 (4.9%) enterobacter aerogenes, 126 (9.5%) enterobacter cloacae and 20 (2.6%) serratia marcescens isolates ...200717376657
antimicrobial disinfection effect of a laundering procedure for hospital textiles against various indicator bacteria and fungi using different substrates for simulating human excrements.recent studies confirm the increase of nosocomial infections and microbial resistance. one of the possible causes is infected textiles due to inappropriate laundering procedures. most slovenian laundries use thermal laundering procedures with high energy and water consumption to disinfect hospital textiles. in addition to this fact, there is an increasing number of hospital textiles composed of cotton/polyester blends that cannot endure high temperatures of thermal disinfection. on the other han ...200717046191
chemical composition and biological activity of the centipeda minima (asteraceae).the antimicrobial activity of the centipeda minima l. (asteraceae) extract was evaluated against seven microorganisms using the disc diffusion method. the extract showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacterial strains, especially enterobacter aerogenes, klebsiella pneumonia, staphylococcus aureus and yersinia enterocolitica. the chemical composition of the extract obtained from centipeda minima was analysed by gc-ms. twentythree compounds, constituting about 8 ...200722692191
comparative anti - microbial evaluation studies of the extracts and isolates of leaves & bark of wrightia tomentosa.the butanol and ethanol extract of the leaves and bark of wrightia tomentosa along with its seven pure component isolates (blf(28), blf(29*), bbf(29), elf(3), elf7, elf(17*), ebf(7) ) after fractionation by column chromatography were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against gram positive (s. aureus, s. fecalis, s.albus and b.subtilis) and gram negative (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus vulgaris & klebsiella aerogenes) bacteria and the fungi candida albicans by disc diffusion ...200622557219
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