Publications

[susceptibility of gram-negative bacterial isolates to six beta-lactam and two aminoglycoside antibiotics at our university hospital].	susceptibilities of gram-negative bacterial strains isolated at the university hospital in 1987 to six beta-lactam antibiotics (azthreonam cefmetazole, ceftizoxime, latamoxef, aminobenzyl-penicillin and piperacillin) and two aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin and amikacin) were examined by agar dilution and the agar diffusion method. results obtained from both methods correlated well in most of the strains. most of the strains belonging to escherichia coli, klebsiella oxytoca, klebsiella pne ...	1988	3175388
a selection cartridge for rapid detection and analysis of spontaneous mutations including insertions of transposable elements in enterobacteriaceae.	we present a method that allows positive selection and rapid analysis of mutations in enterobacteriaceae. mutations are detected in a 2630 bp selection cartridge inserted in two different bacterial multicopy plasmid vectors. spontaneous mutations in escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii include insertions, deletions and point mutations. the small size of the target sequence facilitates rapid analysis of dna rearrangements by cleavage with restriction enzymes and of any ...	1988	2853830
[antibacterial activities of monobactams against fresh clinical isolates].	antibacterial activities of monobactam antibiotics (carumonam (crmn) and aztreonam (azt] against gram-negative bacilli isolated from inpatients in the latter half of 1987 were investigated using penicillin (pc: piperacillin (pipc], cephems (ceps: ceftazidime (caz), cefotaxime (ctx), latamoxef (lmox), cefsulodin (cfs], carbapenem (imipenem (ipm] and pyridonecarboxylic acids (norfloxacin (nflx) and ofloxacin (oflx] as reference antibiotics. a total of 400 strains of 13 species, i.e. escherichia co ...	1988	3210297
[in vitro synergy between cefotaxime and its main metabolite, desacetylcefotaxime].	in vitro synergistic interaction between cefotaxime (ctx) and its main metabolite, desacetyl-cefotaxime (dctx), against 7 species of clinical isolates (23-27 strains per species) was examined. complete or partial synergy was noted with a 1:1 combination of ctx and dctx against 22-78% of the bacteroides fragilis, staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter freundii, pseudomonas cepacia and enterobacter cloacae isolates examined. antagonistic effects of the drugs appeared against 11% of proteus vulgaris an ...	1988	3216482
survival of coliforms and bacterial pathogens within protozoa during chlorination.	the susceptibility of coliform bacteria and bacterial pathogens to free chlorine residuals was determined before and after incubation with amoebae and ciliate protozoa. viability of bacteria was quantified to determine their resistance to free chlorine residuals when ingested by laboratory strains of acanthamoeba castellanii and tetrahymena pyriformis. cocultures of bacteria and protozoa were incubated to facilitate ingestion of the bacteria and then were chlorinated, neutralized, and sonicated ...	1988	3223766
transcriptional regulation and gene arrangement of escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii and salmonella typhimurium biotin operons.	the bio operons of citrobacter freundii and escherichia coli k-12 (strain c600) were isolated by screening lambda banks for complementation of e. coli bio mutants. these were compared with the previously isolated bio operon of salmonella typhimurium and previous data on e. coli k-12. the restriction maps of the operon are very different in the three species, but no difference in gene order was found. operator-promoter dna, identified by repressible titration and by biotin-repressible transcripti ...	1988	2971595
specific insertion and deletion of insertion sequence 1-like dna element causes the reversible expression of the virulence capsular antigen vi of citrobacter freundii in escherichia coli.	citrobacter freundii strain wr7004 reversibly expresses the virulence capsular antigen vi, whose production is controlled by two distinct chromosomal loci, viaa and viab. the rate of oscillation between the vi-producing (vi+) state and the vi-nonproducing (vi-) state in strain wr7004 ranges from 2 x 10(-4) to 7 x 10(-3) transitions per bacterium per generation. a similarly high conversion rate from vi+ to vi- occurs in escherichia coli hb101 harboring pwr127, a plasmid that contains the 18-kilob ...	1988	2837765
clinical isolate of citrobacter freundii highly resistant to new quinolones.	about 30% of 150 recent clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii were resistant to greater than or equal to 3.13 micrograms of norfloxacin and ofloxacin per ml. study of one quinolone-resistant strain for which the norfloxacin mic was 100 micrograms/ml suggested that resistance was associated with both an altered a subunit of dna gyrase and reduction in drug uptake accompanied by a decrease in an outer membrane protein.	1988	2843087
induction of chromosomal beta-lactamases by different concentrations of clavulanic acid in combination with ticarcillin.	the effect of different concentrations of clavulanic acid (ca) in combination with ticarcillin on beta-lactamase production and ticarcillin mic was studied in four clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii and indole positive proteus strains. ticarcillin alone showed a low inducing effect for all species tested, ser. marcescens excepted. the increase in beta-lactamase activity after addition of ca (2-10 mg/l) was strain and speci ...	1988	3128523
in vitro activity of temafloxacin, a new difluoro quinolone antimicrobial agent.	temafloxacin, a new difluoro quinolone, inhibited the majority of enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml. it was 4-8-fold less active than ciprofloxacin and 2-fold less active than ofloxacin. cefotaxime and imipenem-resistant isolates such as enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and acinetobacter spp. were inhibited. temafloxacin inhibited neisseria, branhamella, and haemophilus species at less than 0.25 microgram/ml. methicillin-susceptible and ...	1988	3132380
in vitro evaluation of e1040, a new cephalosporin with potent antipseudomonal activity.	e1040 is a new parenteral cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum and potent antipseudomonal activity. the compound was four- to eightfold more active than ceftazidime and cefsulodin against pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic of e1040 for 90% of strains tested [mic90], 3.13 micrograms/ml). e1040 also showed a potent activity against other glucose-nonfermentative rods, including acinetobacter species. the activities of e1040 against most species of the family enterobacteriaceae were roughly co ...	1988	3134847
hydrolytic rate at low drug concentration as a limiting factor in resistance to newer cephalosporins.	hydrolysis kinetics of two cephalosporinases from citrobacter freundii and proteus vulgaris having different affinities for cefotaxime and ceftazidime was assessed in studies with cefotaxime, ceftazidime, bmy-28142, and imipenem. the two cephalosporinase genes were cloned into strains of escherichia coli. the production of these cephalosporinases in strains of e. coli, as well as in the derepressed mutants of c. freundii and p. vulgaris, caused a decrease in susceptibility to the newer cephalosp ...	1988	3055173
plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase (tem-7) involved in resistance to ceftazidime and aztreonam.	tem-7, a novel tem-type beta-lactamase (pi 5.41) encoded on a plasmid of approximately 85 kilobases, was found in a clinical isolate of citrobacter freundii. strains containing this enzyme exhibited decreased susceptibility to ceftazidime (64-fold) and aztreonam (16-fold) but not to other third-generation cephalosporins. addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor--clavulanic acid, sulbactam, or ytr 830--restored normal susceptibility to associated compounds such as ampicillin, piperacillin, ceftazid ...	1988	3055178
distribution and diversity of hsd genes in escherichia coli and other enteric bacteria.	we screened salmonella typhimurium, citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella boydii, and many isolates of escherichia coli for dna sequences homologous to those encoding each of two unrelated type i restriction and modification systems (ecok and ecoa). both k- and a-related hsd genes were identified, but never both in the same strain. s. typhimurium encodes three restriction and modification systems, but its dna hybridized only to the k-specific probe which we know to identify the s ...	1988	2832380
purification of citrobacter freundii dna gyrase and inhibition by quinolones.	dna gyrase is a bacterial enzyme which catalyzes the atp-dependent negative supercoiling of dna. it is the accepted target of quinolones. the enzyme from citrobacter freundii iid976 was purified by affinity chromatography on novobiocin-sepharose and heparin-sepharose. it had two subunits, designated a and b, which closely resembled those of the enzyme from escherichia coli and micrococcus luteus in enzymatic requirements. the inhibitory effects of the quinolones on the supercoiling activities of ...	1988	2831810
failure of antisera to j5 and r595 rough mutants to reduce endotoxemic lethality.	rabbit antisera to j5 (rc) escherichia coli and r595 (re) salmonella minnesota rough mutants were selected for the highest content of hemagglutinating antibodies to their respective core glycolipids. despite titers of 1:2560 vs. j5 and 1:640 vs. r595 core glycolipids, the antisera failed to passively protect icr or cf-1 mice against lethality induced by endotoxins from a variety of wild-type, smooth enterobacteria: e. coli o111:b4, e. coli o127:b8, salmonella typhimurium, s. minnesota, and citro ...	1988	2447200
[protective properties of vi-antigen preparations as dependent on their adhesin content].	adhesins contained in the preparation of vi-antigen have been found to enhance its immunogenic and protective properties. in the preparations of vi-antigen obtained from salmonella typhi and citrobacter freundii the presence of two antigenic determinants has been revealed. one of them is associated with the vi-receptor and the other determinant, with adhesin. both determinants take part in the protection of mice from salmonella infection.	1988	2469269
clinical efficacy of carumonam.	carumonam is a new n-sulfo-beta-lactam antibiotic active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. an open study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerance of carumonam with either 1 g t.i.d. (group a) or 2 g t.i.d. (group b) in bacterial septicaemia or severe sepsis. a total of 24 patients (14 men and 10 women) were included in the study, their ages ranged from 48-87 years (mean age 59). eighteen patients were treated for bacteraemia, three for bronchopneumonia, two for urinar ...	1988	3246211
an epizootic infection of citrobacter freundii in a guineapig colony: short communication.	an epizootic infection of citrobacter freundii in a guineapig colony is reported. from 1300 guineapigs maintained in a colony, a total of 115 guineapigs died. lesions found postmortem were suggestive of acute pneumonia and enteritis. citrobacter freundii was consistently isolated from necropsy specimens of lung, liver, spleen and intestines of the animals. the source of infection was not ascertained.	1988	3230869
sequence and comparative analysis of three enterobacter cloacae ampc beta-lactamase genes and their products.	the sequences of three enterobacter cloacae ampc beta-lactamase genes have been determined. the deduced amino acid sequences are very similar: out of a total of 361 residues, only eight positions were found to be variable, and several mutations yielded residues with very similar properties. the kinetic properties of two of the enzymes were not significantly different. the three enzymes also exhibited a high degree of homology (greater than 70%) with the ampc beta-lactamases of escherichia coli k ...	1988	3260487
amino acid sequence, active-site residue, and effect of suicide inhibitors on cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii gn346.	the structural gene for a cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii gn346 was sequenced. from the nucleotide sequence, the entire amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme with 361 amino acids and a molecular weight of 39,867 was determined. the active-site serine was directly confirmed to be serine 64 by studies in which the enzyme was labeled with dansylpenicillin. in investigations comparing the inhibitory effect of sulbactam (penicillanic acid sulfone) and cloxacillin sulfone on the cephalospo ...	1988	3263684
cephalosporinase interactions and antimicrobial activity of bmy-28142, ceftazidime and cefotaxime.	cephalosporinases of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii were responsible for resistance to newer cephalosporins such as cefotaxime and ceftazidime but not bmy-28142. interaction of these cephalosporins including hydrolysis, binding, inhibition, and inactivation with cephalosporinases from e. cloacae gn7471 and c. freundii gn7391 were studied. bmy-28142 was much more stable against the both enzymes than cephalothin, but more hydrolyzable than cefotaxime and ceftazidime at higher concen ...	1988	3279015
infections after liver transplantation. an analysis of 101 consecutive cases.	we studied infections in 101 consecutive patients who underwent liver transplantation between july 1984 and september 1985. the mean length of follow-up was 394 days. eighty-three percent of population had 1 or more episodes of infection and 67% of the population had severe infections. the overall mortality was 26/101 (26%) and 23 of 26 deaths (88%) were associated with infection. seventy percent of severe infections occurred in the first 2 months after transplantation. the most frequent severe ...	1988	3280944
plasmid-mediated resistance to third-generation cephalosporins caused by point mutations in tem-type penicillinase genes.	infections due to strains of klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, and citrobacter freundii resistant to third-generation cephalosporins have been observed recently in france and the federal republic of germany. this resistance phenotype is due to the production of new plasmid-mediated, broad-substrate-range beta-lactamases designated tem-3 to tem-7. dna-dna hybridization analysis with a probe specific for tem-1 indicated that the corresponding genes blat-3 to blat-7 were variants of the stru ...	1988	3055179
ceftazidime combined with mecillinam: serum bactericidal titres compared with in-vitro synergy against gram-negative bacilli.	in a study of the possible interaction between mecillinam and ceftazidime against gram-negative bacilli, ten volunteers received on separate days: ceftazidime 20 mg/kg iv in 15 min, mecillinam 10 mg/kg iv in 15 min, or the combination. blood samples were obtained before and 1 and 6 h after the end of the infusion. ten strains each of klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii, salmonella spp. and yersinia spp. and nine strains each of acinetobacter spp., and pseudomonas aer ...	1988	3045067
mechanistic deductions from kinetic isotope effects and ph studies of pyridoxal phosphate dependent carbon-carbon lyases: erwinia herbicola and citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase.	the ph dependence of the kinetic parameters and primary deuterium isotope effects have been determined for tyrosine phenol-lyase from both erwinia herbicola and citrobacter freundii. the primary deuterium isotope effects indicate that proton abstraction from the 2-position of the substrate is partially rate-limiting for both enzymes. the c. freundii enzyme primary deuterium isotope effects [dv = 3.5 and d(v/ktyr) = 2.5] are ph independent, indicating that tyrosine is not sticky (i.e., does not d ...	1988	3207679
comparative in vitro activities of piperacillin-tazobactam and ticarcillin-clavulanate.	the in vitro activities of ticarcillin, piperacillin, clavulanic acid, tazobactam, ticarcillin-clavulanate, and piperacillin-tazobactam against 819 bacterial isolates were compared. the two beta-lactamase inhibitors, clavulanic acid and tazobactam, had little useful antibacterial activity but enhanced the activities of the penicillins against beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus; all strains were su ...	1989	2552904
hygienic status of food handlers.	the study demonstrated bacterial species on hands and nails of food-handlers before and after hand-washing. those were staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp., micrococcus spp., bacillus spp., diphtheroid, aeromonas hydrophila, klebsiella pneumoniae, acinetobacter, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, pseudomonas spp., proteus mirabilis, serratia spp., citrobacter freundii. before hand washing, each food-handler harboured one to eight bacterial species. after hand-washing (eight with water fr ...	1989	2584903
[susceptibility of clinical isolates to aztreonam].	in vitro antibacterial activities of 9 antibiotics including aztreonam (azt) against clinically isolated gram-negative bacteria were determined using mic-2000 plus system. bacteria were isolated from clinical materials in saga medical school during a period from may 1987 to march 1988. summarized results were as follows: 1. azt showed excellent antibacterial activities against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus sp. and haemophilus influenzae, and mic80 values of azt against these o ...	1989	2507799
in vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of the new carbapenem sm-7338.	the in vitro activity of the new carbapenem sm-7338 was tested in comparison with imipenem, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, flomoxef, cefuzonam and cefmetazole against 2850 clinical bacterial isolates. sm-7338 showed good activity against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. sm-7338 was very active against gram-negative bacteria, inhibiting all enterobacteriaceae, except 25% of serratia marcescens isolates, at a concentration of 0.78 mg/l. sm-7338 inhibited the majority of pseu ...	1989	2512140
[determination of the mic of cefotetan against freshly isolated gram-negative bacilli].	antimicrobial activities (mics) of cefotetan (ctt) against 575 strains of 16 spp. of gram-negative bacilli isolated in 1988 were determined to investigate distribution of mics in comparison with those of cefmetazole (cmz), cefoxitin (cfx), latamoxef (lmox) and cefazolin (cez). the change in frequencies of incidence of cephem-resistant strains in the latter half of the 1980 was also investigated. distribution of mic of ctt varied with test strains. no or very few mics were at or higher than 12.5 ...	1989	2621779
[clinical laboratory approach to estimating the effective administration dose of imipenem/cilastatin. evaluation of the disk susceptibility test and its interpretation system].	in vitro activities of imipenem/cilastatin (ipm/cs) against 413 clinical isolates were studied through the evaluation of mics and the results of disk susceptibility tests. the mics were determined using the agar dilution method at an inoculum level of 10(6) cfu/ml. the mic80s of imipenem (ipm) against staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis were 25 and 1.56 micrograms/ml, respectively, showing a bimodal mic distribution. however, the distribution of mics against other bacteria studi ...	1989	2621780
antimicrobial activity of dactimicin in vitro compared with that of dibekacin, netilmicin, sisomicin and micronomicin.	antimicrobial activity of dactimicin, a pseudo-disaccharide aminoglycoside antibiotic, was compared with those of dibekacin, netilmicin, sisomicin and micronomicin using clinical isolates of four gram-positive and sixteen gram-negative bacteria. dactimicin was more active than the reference amino-glycosides against serratia marcescens, especially gentamicin-resistant serratia sp., proteus vulgaris, p. rettgeri and klebsiella oxytoca, but less active against pseudomonas aeruginosa and p. mirabili ...	1989	2632214
mechanism of beta-lactamase inhibition: differences between sulbactam and other inhibitors.	three different types of beta-lactamases--tem-2 type penicillinase, a typical cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii, and a proteus vulgaris cephalosporinase with broad substrate range--were studied to determine the inactivation and reactivation kinetics for beta-lactamase inhibitors of these enzymes. sulbactam, cloxacillin sulfone, clavulanic acid, imipenem, and aztreonam were evaluated. on the basis of the kinetic parameters a minimum scheme for the inactivation of these beta-lactamases by e ...	1989	2591172
clavulanate and beta-lactamase induction.	concern has been expressed that clavulanate can antagonize ticarcillin against enterobacteria and pseudomonads that have inducible expression of chromosomal 'class i' beta-lactamases. it is suggested that clavulanate-induced enzyme inactivates ticarcillin, which itself is a feeble inducer. we confirmed that this mechanism applied, showing that antagonism was abolished in beta-lactamase-basal mutants of inducible strains. antagonism has been reported in double disc tests with strains of pseudomon ...	1989	2606817
[genetic determination of degradation of ampholytic surfactants].	plasmid dna was detected in pseudomonas putida 141 and p. stutzeri at strains which caused destruction of the ampholytic surfactants alkylamino-bis-propionate (aabp) and amidobetaine, respectively. as was demonstrated using genetic analytic procedures, the plasmids controlled aabp and amidobetaine destruction. no plasmid dna was found in p. desmolytica c37 which caused cyclimide destruction or in pseudomonas sp. 1 and citrobacter freundii to strains responsible for aabp destruction. apparently, ...	1989	2636974
evaluation of a disk approximation test of inducible beta-lactamases in enterobacteriacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa.	a modified disk approximation test of inducible beta-lactamases in enterobacteriacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated. the amount of inducer was adapted to produce the smallest possible zone of inhibition and the distance between the centre of the disks was standardized. among several beta-lactam antibiotic disks tested, imipenem (0.06 microgram per disk) or cefoxitin (10 micrograms per disk) placed at a distance of 14-16 mm from a cefotaxime disk (30 micrograms) most efficiently reveale ...	1989	2497754
[determination of 3,4-dioxyphenyl-l-alanine by spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods in enzymatic synthesis using microbial cells].	a possibility of using the ninhydrin reaction for 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (dopa) determining during the synthesis from pyrocatechol and ammonium pyruvate was verified by using free and immobilized cells of citrobacter freundii, st. 62. spectrophotometric assay was performed at the adsorption maximum for the dopa-ninhydrin complex at 390 nm. dopa can be reliably quantified in the presence of all components at 20-fold and greater dilution of the reaction mixture. a high-sensitive quantitativ ...	1989	2500647
clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin in the therapy of severe infections in high-risk patients.	a clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with imipenem/cilastatin in life-threatening infections in high-risk patients. thirty hospitalized patients (22 men and 8 women), aged 28 to 78 years, with impaired host defences and severe infections were treated with imipenem/cilastatin at a dosage ranging between 1 and 3 g daily i.v. at 8 or 12 h intervals. the average length of therapy was 8.61 +/- 3.14 days. the isolated organisms were as follows: escherichia coli [ ...	1989	2743870
genetic properties of plasmids isolated from pathogenic strain of citrobacter freundii.	it was found that citrobacter freundii slj10 strain was an etiological factor of swine diarrhoea in north poland. this strain harboured a plasmid aggregate consisting of two plasmids-pem4 responsible for virulence and pem6 for selective advantage of the strain, determining resistance to tetracycline and production of bacteriocin. these two plasmids cooperated in conjugal transfer and formed an infective block of genetic information, which could be transferred to other strains of enterobacteriace ...	1989	2482661
rapid impedance detection of salmonellas in confectionery using modified licnr broth.	a commercially available broth, with the addition of inhibitors, was used for the rapid impediometric detection of salmonellas in confectionery. pre-enrichment in skimmed milk was followed by lysine-iron-cystine-neutral red broth in a bactometer 123 system. results were obtained 3 d earlier than is possible with conventional microbiological tests. some false positives were obtained predominantly with citrobacter freundii, but this problem is also frequently encountered with traditional methods. ...	1989	2502528
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of the new semisynthetic cephalosporin cefpirome.	cefpirome (hr 810), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative, was found to have a broad antibacterial spectrum against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. against staphylococcus aureus, cefpirome was more active than not only cefotaxime and ceftazidime but also cefotiam. against gram-negative bacteria, especially, enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii, it was also more active than the other antibiotics tested, but against pseudomonas aeruginosa, it was less active than ceftazid ...	1989	2785801
interactions of fce 22101 with class i beta-lactamases.	hyperproduction of chromosomal class i beta-lactamase causes resistance to newer cephalosporins in enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia spp. and indole-positive proteeae. we examined the interactions of fce 22101 with these enzymes, measuring (i) antibiotic lability to pure enzyme, (ii) inducing power and (iii) activity against beta-lactamase-inducible strains and their -depressed and -basal mutants. turnover numbers of fce 22101 were between 0.7 and 1.5 molecules hydrolysed/min/ ...	1989	2786519
in-vitro activity of fce 22101 and synergy studies with other antimicrobial agents.	fce 22101 is a penem antibiotic with broad in-vitro activity similar to that of imipenem, although less active against pseudomonas aeruginosa. combinations of fce 22101 with ciprofloxacin or gentamicin against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staph. epidermidis resulted in addition or indifference by the chequerboard method. the combination of fce 22101 and gentamicin against streptococcus faecalis was usually additive. against enterobacter cloacae fce 22101 ...	1989	2786520
citrobacter freundii in gram-negative folliculitis.		1989	2521870
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new carbapenem, sm-7338.	sm-7338, a new carbapenem, inhibited most members of the family enterobacteriaceae at mics of 0.015 to 0.25 microgram/ml, including klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, and proteus vulgaris isolates resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, piperacillin, and gentamicin. it was two- to eightfold more active than imipenem, but it inhibited pseudomonas aeruginosa at 1 to 8 micrograms/ml, which was comparable to the activity of imipenem. haemophilus, neisseria, and branhamella ...	1989	2789493
[the ratios and kinds of clinical bacteria isolated in taiwan's large-size hospitals].	the prevalence of clinical bacteria, as isolated from linko chang-gung memorial hospital (2,300 beds) in the period january 1985 to december 1986 and from taipei veterans general hospital (2,300 beds) during the period january 1986 to december 1986, was analyzed with the following findings: (i) the isolation ratio of anaerobic and aerobic or facultative bactria during the period of investigation were 7.8% (5,513/70,799) and 92.2% (65,286/70,799), respectively. (ii) of the total aerobic or facult ...	1989	2791722
[clinical and pharmacokinetic study on cefodizime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, in the pediatric infections].	cefodizime (thr-221, cdzm), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 27 children with various bacterial infections. the episodes of infections included pneumonia (6 cases), bronchopneumonia (11 cases), lung abscess (1 case), acute pharyngitis (2 cases), cervical lymphadenitis (1 case), infected cephalohematoma (1 case), urinary tract infection (1 case), sepsis (2 cases) and purulent meningitis (2 cases). cdzm was effective in all but one, and its efficacy rate ...	1989	2795854
can the association of athymic mice (han:nmri-nu) with staphylococcus sciuri prevent infection with staphylococcus aureus? experiences from a field study.	an attempt was made to prevent the introduction of staphylococcus aureus into a newly established colony of han:nmri-nu mice by means of preassociation with the rodent-specific staphylococcus sciuri. despite the successful colonization of the mice with s. sciuri the establishment of s. aureus into the colony was not impeded, and abscesses were observed with an increasing frequency until the end of the study. random samples revealed the phage pattern 3a/3c/55/71 or very similar ones. a caretaker ...	1989	2523626
chromosomal beta-lactamase of klebsiella oxytoca, a new class a enzyme that hydrolyzes broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics.	the chromosomally encoded beta-lactamase gene of klebsiella oxytoca e23004, a strain resistant to cefoperazone and aztreonam, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli hb101. the molecular mass and pi of this enzyme were 28 kilodaltons and 7.4, respectively. although the beta-lactamase of k. oxytoca hydrolyzed many cephalosporins, including broad-spectrum drugs, the nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence lacked homology with chromosomal class c beta-lactamase genes (ampc) of e. c ...	1989	2653216
effects of beta-lactamases and omp mutation on susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics in escherichia coli.	four types of beta-lactamases consisting of a penicillinase type i (tem-1), a penicillinase type ii (oxa-1), a cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii, and a cephalosporinase of proteus vulgaris were introduced into escherichia coli mc4100 and its omp mutants, mh1160 (mc4100 ompr1) and mh760 (mc4100 ompr2), by transformation. effects of the combination of the omp mutations and these beta-lactamases on the susceptibility of e. coli strains were studied with 15 beta-lactam antibiotics including c ...	1989	2658786
interaction of cefpirome and a cephalosporinase from citrobacter freundii gn7391.	the interaction of cefpirome and a cephalosporinase from citrobacter freundii, including hydrolysis and inhibition, was studied in comparison with those of cefotiam, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. cefpirome was hydrolyzed by the enzyme more rapidly at vmax than were cefotaxime and ceftazidime. however, the low affinity of the enzyme for cefpirome caused a reduction in the hydrolytic rate of cefpirome at a low drug concentration (0.1 microm). the high stability of cefpirome at a low concentration e ...	1989	2658787
[microbial contamination of water by pipe and tube materials. 3. behavior of e. coli, citrobacter freundii and klebsiella pneumoniae].	materials water comes into contact with can promote the microbial growth as it could be shown before. the reaction of an unspecific microorganism flora and of legionella pneumophila in pipes and hoses has been described in the two previous communications. the investigation with l. pneumophila has shown that even a pathogen organism can grow upon the materials. therefore it was of special interest to prove whether indicator organisms for the testing of drinking water can grow in pipes and hoses a ...	1989	2673263
nucleotide sequence for the htpr gene from citrobacter freundii.		1989	2664713
characterization of the salmonella paratyphi c vi polysaccharide.	the vi capsular polysaccharide (vi) is both a virulence factor and a protective antigen of salmonella typhi; its pathogenic role for salmonella paratyphi c is less well understood. we found no differences between the antigenic and immunogenic properties and the structure of the vi from representative strains of s. paratyphi c, s. typhi, and citrobacter freundii. there were, however, differences in both the amount produced per cell and the degree of association with the cell among the vi from the ...	1989	2506132
conservation of organization in the specificity polypeptides of two families of type i restriction enzymes.	we have identified the recognition sequence for the citrobacter freundii restriction endonuclease cfra, a member of the a-family of type i r-m enzymes. this bipartite target sequence differs in both its components from those of other type i enzymes. we determined the nucleotide sequence of its specificity gene (hsds) and a comparison of this with its relative ecoa identifies two extensive variable regions, an organization analogous to that found in the k-family of type i r-m enzymes. the specifi ...	1989	2585490
formate dependent nitrate and nitrite reduction to ammonia by citrobacter freundii and competition with denitrifying bacteria.	citrobacter freundii, paracoccus denitrificans and pseudomonas stutzeri were grown either singly or in mixed culture in anaerobic nitrate or nitrite limited chemostats with formate and/or succinate as electron donors and carbon sources. c. freundii reduced nitrate or nitrite stoichiometrically to ammonia. maximum molar growth yields for nitrate (nitrite) were 15.3 (9.9) g/mol for c. freundii on formate with succinate as carbon source, 15.3 (9.5) g/mol for ps. stutzeri on succinate and 32.3 (20.4 ...	1989	2619287
penicillin-binding protein 2 is required for induction of the citrobacter freundii class i chromosomal beta-lactamase in escherichia coli.	involvement of escherichia coli penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) in induction of the cloned ampc citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase by 6-aminopenicillanic acid was investigated. the enzyme was not inducible at 42 degrees c in a mutant thermosensitive for expression of pbp 2. the results imply that pbp 2 is involved in the process leading to induction of ampc.	1989	2675758
in-vitro activity of fce 22101 and other beta-lactam antibiotics against enterobacteriaceae resistant to third generation cephalosporins.	the in-vitro activity of fce 22101 was compared with those of imipenem, aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and latamoxef against 225 enterobacteriaceae (209 clinical isolates and 16 derivatives of escherichia coli k12) chosen for their resistance (mic greater than or equal to 8 mg/l) to third-generation cephalosporins. the beta-lactamases produced by the strains of enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae and esch. coli were identified. the mean mics of fce 22101 were 2-8 mg/l for ent. cloaca ...	1989	2676939
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1986). i. susceptibility distribution].	susceptibilities to various antibacterial and antibiotic agents of bacterial strains isolated from urinary tract infections at 8 hospitals in japan from july to october in 1986 are summarized as follows. 1. enterococcus faecalis was susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (st) and imipenem (ipm) with mic90s of 0.78 and 1.56 microgram/ml. minocycline had the strongest activity against staphylococcus aureus; the mics for all strains tested were lower than 0.39 microgram/ml. the mic80s of dicl ...	1989	2691714
comparison of the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cefepime (bmy-28142) with ceftazidime, cefuzonam, cefotaxime and cefmenoxime.	cefepime (bmy-28142), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, was evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities in comparison with ceftazidime, cefuzonam, cefotaxime and cefmenoxime. cefepime showed a well-balanced, broad spectrum of activity against a number of clinical isolates collected in japan. the activity of cefepime against gram-positive bacteria was several times greater than that of ceftazidime, nearly comparable to cefotaxime and cefmenoxime, and slightly weaker than cefuzona ...	1989	2663406
[susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents. a study mainly focused on ofloxacin (the second report). reported by the research group for testing ofloxacin susceptibility on clinical isolates].	susceptibilities of various clinical isolates to ofloxacin (oflx) and other antibacterial drugs were examined at 128 hospital laboratories in 36 prefectures throughout japan between april, 1986 and march, 1987. the results were totalized with an emphasis mainly on oflx and were compared with data obtained in the previous year. in this study, identification and susceptibility tests of the isolates were carried out at each hospital laboratory and the tests were performed according to the 1-dilutio ...	1989	2664255
bacterial hydrophobicity, an overall parameter for the measurement of adhesion potential to soil particles.	the adhesion of salmonella typhimurium to the mineral particles quartz, albite, feldspar, and magnetite was shown to correlate with the hydrophobicity of the cell surface as measured by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the same effects were also seen for seven other selected test strains, including streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus faecium, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, shigella sonnei, and shigella boydii. when the test strain of salmonella typhimurium, was repeatedly culti ...	1989	2650618
enhancement of the infectivity of fusobacterium necrophorum by other bacteria.	necrobacillosis is caused by fusobacterium necrophorum (fn), but other organisms are often present in the lesions. their possible role was studied in experiments made with a virulent fn strain which, by itself, produced fatal necrobacillosis in mice provided that large doses (greater than 10(6) organisms, subcutaneously) were given. mice were inoculated subcutaneously with fn suspended in sub-lethal doses (0.1 ml) of undiluted or diluted broth cultures of other bacteria. undiluted culture of a s ...	1989	2661253
in vitro activity of tigemonam against urinary tract pathogens.	tigemonam's in vitro activity was compared with that of aztreonam, cefotaxime, gentamicin, and norfloxacin. thirty-two strains of pseudomonas and 960 strains of enterobacteriaceae were studied using the agar dilution method (including escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter sp., serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, morganella morganii, and salmonella enterica). tigemonam displayed good activity against enterobacteriaceae. minimum inhibitory ...	1989	2809699
microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care items in egypt--body lotions and talcum powders.	we examined a total of 54 samples, including 18 body lotions and 36 talcum powders, for their total aerobic bacterial, coliform and fungal counts. we also carried out anaerobic bacterial counts for talcum powder as well as tests to detect some potentially hazardous bacteria in all tested samples. talcum powders were more heavily contaminated with bacteria and fungi than body lotions. more than 40% of the tested body lotions contained no viable bacteria or less than 100 c.f.u./g. while all the ta ...	1989	2760119
interaction of e1040 with cephalosporinase from citrobacter freundii gn7391.	the interactions of e1040 with cephalosporinase from citrobacter freundii, including affinity and hydrolysis, were studied in comparison with those of cefotaxime and ceftazidime. e1040 showed a higher stability at low drug concentrations and a much lower affinity for the enzyme than did cefotaxime or ceftazidime. these enzymological properties explain the high activity of e1040 against cephalosporinase-producing c. freundii.	1989	2694954
high efficiency transduction of single strand plasmid dna into enteric bacteria.	this report demonstrates high efficiency transduction of enteric bacteria using single strand plasmids packaged in m13 phage capsids. transformation by plasmid dna is usually a very inefficient process in many enteric bacteria other than escherichia coli k12. plasmids carrying an m13 origin of replication can be replicated and packaged when cells carrying such plasmids are infected with m13 or a derivative helper phage. by introducing an f' plasmid into e. coli, serratia marcescens, citrobacter ...	1989	2779519
binding of the citrobacter freundii ampr regulator to a single dna site provides both autoregulation and activation of the inducible ampc beta-lactamase gene.	citrobacter freundii encodes an inducible chromosomal beta-lactamase. induction requires the product of the ampr gene, which is transcribed in the opposite orientation from the ampc beta-lactamase gene. we show here that the ampr protein acts as a transcriptional activator by binding to a dna region immediately upstream of the ampc promoter. the dnase i footprint pattern was not affected by growth in the presence of beta-lactam inducer or by the use of extracts prepared from cells carrying the a ...	1989	2786868
in vitro activity of me1228, a new parenteral cephalosporin.	me1228 is a new cephalosporin with an iminocarboxymethyl moiety on the acyl side chain and a novel pyridiniumthiomethyl group at position 3 of the bicyclic ring. its activity was compared with those of ceftazidime, imipenem, piperacillin, and gentamicin. me1228 inhibited most members of the family enterobacteriaceae, except for some enterobacter spp. and citrobacter freundii, at less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml, and it inhibited gentamicin- and piperacillin-resistant isolates. it had mic ...	1989	2802554
[acute necrotizing cholecystitis in infancy: report of a case].	we present a case-report of a six weeks old premature baby who developed acute acalculous gangrenous cholecystitis related to septicemia due to citrobacter freundii. we analyze other etiological factors and remark the importance of physical examination and ultrasonographic exploration of the biliary tract. early cholecystectomy is suggested.	1989	2679664
evaluation of spectrum-10 system for identification of members of the family enterobacteriaceae.	a total of 378 isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae were tested with conventional biochemical tests and with the spectrum-10 identification system. of these, 97.4% were correctly identified to the species level by using the seven-digit profile of spectrum-10. the preliminary four-digit profile provided the correct species for 61.1% and the correct genus for 79.4% of the strains. most misidentifications were observed with aberrant biotypes of citrobacter freundii.	1989	2685033
citrobacter freundii bacteraemia presenting as typhoid fever.	citrobacter infections usually arise opportunistically in immunocompromised persons. we report the case of a young man in whom citrobacter freundii caused a primary invasive illness similar to typhoid fever.	1989	2708832
sudden unexpected death in a neonate.	a sudden and unexpected death, at 26 hours of age, of a term infant with no identifiable risk factors either in the prenatal or in the immediate neonatal period is described. the most remarkable postmortem findings were confined to the lungs, which had many areas of aspirated amniotic fluid, as well as extensive areas of bronchopneumonia. postmortem cultures of the lung revealed citrobacter freundii. this case is an atypical presentation of this devastating neonatal infection, both because of th ...	1989	2730730
in vitro and in vivo activities of qa-241, a new tricyclic quinolone derivative.	the in vitro susceptibilities of 1,310 clinical isolates to qa-241, a novel tricyclic quinolone, were evaluated in comparison with susceptibilities to norfloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, and ciprofloxacin. the mics of qa-241 for 90% of staphylococci, enterococcus faecalis isolates, and streptococcal species ranged from 1.56 to 6.25 micrograms/ml, and the activity of qa-241 was similar to those of norfloxacin and enoxacin but two to four times less potent than those of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. ...	1989	2679369
hydrogen production from glucose by citrobacter freundii.	c. freundii, a member of enterobacteriaceae was isolated from nearby sewage and characterised. with optimum conditions, its hydrogen production capacity and efficiency was tested in synthetic medium containing glucose as carbon and energy source. c. freundii was grown in a 51 fermentor under batch anaerobic conditions. the total production of gas was 8.91 in the volumetric ratio of 63% h2 and 37% co2 in 11 hr from 30.8 g glucose. from 1 mole of glucose 1.286 mole of hydrogen was produced (yh2/s) ...	1989	2632403
concurrent infection of a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas) by citrobacter freundii and trichuris trichiura.	concurrent infection of citrobacter freundii and trichuris trichiura in a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas) is reported. a synergistic effect of both organisms contributing to host mortality in this case is suggested.	1989	2915394
sequence motifs characteristic of dna[cytosine-n4]methyltransferases: similarity to adenine and cytosine-c5 dna-methylases.	the sequences coding for dna[cytosine-n4]methyltransferases mvai (from micrococcus varians rfl19) and cfr9i (from citrobacter freundii rfl9) have been determined. the predicted methylases are proteins of 454 and 300 amino acids, respectively. primary structure comparison of m.cfr9i and another m4c-forming methylase, m.pvu ii, revealed extended regions of homology. the sequence comparison of the three dna[cytosine-n4]-methylases using originally developed software revealed two conserved patterns, ...	1989	2690010
comparative activity of newer antibiotics against gram-negative bacilli.	the in vitro activities of cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin/clavulanate, aztreonam, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin were concurrently determined against over 1,000 isolates of gram-negative bacilli from clinical specimens of patients at the cleveland clinic. cephalosporins, penicillins, and aztreonam were active against species of enterobacteriaceae other than citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, and enterobacter cloacae. ...	1989	2731335
bactericidal activity of meropenem and interactions with other antibiotics.	mics of meropenem for selected clinical isolates of bacteria were determined. killing curves were performed on strains of methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant staph. aureus (mrsa), methicillin-resistant staph, epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter freundii and acinetobacter spp. a reduction of greater than or equal to 3 x log10 in viable cells was observed at 4 and 6 h of exposure to 4 and 8 x mic, ...	1989	2808210
comparison of methods for enumeration of selected coliforms exposed to ozone.	mt7 medium performed no better than m-endo medium in enumerating cells of escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii exposed to ozone. also, there was no difference in the plate count of heterotrophic bacteria in ozonated raw water determined on modified henrici agar or r2a agar. statistically significant differences were seen between bacteria and the type of water in which they were suspended during ozonation.	1989	2650621
signalling proteins in enterobacterial ampc beta-lactamase regulation.	the cloned citrobacter freundii ampc beta-lactamase is inducible in the presence of its regulatory gene ampr in escherichia coli (lindberg et al., 1985). the basal level of expression and inducibility are affected by two e. coli proteins encoded by the closely linked ampd and ampe genes. deletion of both genes led to constitutive ampr-dependent overproduction of beta-lactamase, whereas an out-of-frame deletion in ampd caused the basal expression to increase two-fold. this ampd1 mutant was induci ...	1989	2691840
potentiation of ferrous sulphate and ascorbate on the microbial transformation of endogenous trimethylamine n-oxide to trimethylamine and dimethylamine in squid extracts.	the levels of trimethylamine n-oxide (tmao) in the new zealand (nototodarus sloani) species of squid extracts were extremely high (above 9200 ppm). when the extracts were incubated for 2 days at 25 degrees c, approximately 60% tmao was converted to trimethylamine (tma) and dimethylamine (dma). this conversion was very low or negligible at 4 degrees c, but was potentiated by the presence of ferrous sulphate (0.014 m) and ascorbate (0.014 m). citrobacter freundii and aeromonas hydrophilia were iso ...	1989	2807105
citrobacter freundii produces an 18-amino-acid heat-stable enterotoxin identical to the 18-amino-acid escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (st ia).	we purified and sequenced the heat-stable enterotoxin produced by citrobacter freundii. the toxin was detected during purification by reaction with monoclonal antibody to escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. the c. freundii toxin amino acid sequence was identical to that of the 18-amino-acid heat-stable enterotoxin (sta) produced by toxigenic e. coli.	1989	2912902
microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care items in egypt--eye shadows, mascaras and face creams.	we examined a total of 150 samples, including 27 eye shadows, 27 mascaras and 96 face creams, for their microbial contents. mascaras were generally more contaminated than eye shadows. more than 75% of the examined eye shadows contained fewer than 100 c.f.u./g aerobic bacterial count compared to 63% of the mascaras examined. viable bacteria were not recovered from 61% and 48% of the eye shadows and mascaras respectively. while 4% of the eye shadows were heavily contaminated (contained more than 1 ...	1989	2921299
[tnt-degrading enzyme of citrobacter freundii and its regulation by carbon and nitrogen source].	it was detected that both nad(p)h-linked reductase (tnt-red) and nad(p)+-linked tnt dehydrogenase (tnt-deh) were present in tnt-degrading enzymes of citrobacter freundii simultaneously. the time course of formation for the enzymes and the actions of coenzymes in enzymatic reaction of tnt have been studied. the effects of varied carbon and nitrogen sources on the regulation of the enzymes were different clearly. when the concentration of nh4cl or urea in culture medium was more than 0.1 mol/l, th ...	1989	2800543
bacteriological study of extracted iucds.	previous studies have shown the users of intrauterine devices have a 4.4 times greater risk of pelvic inflammatory disease. this present study intends to categorize the distribution of microbes in cultures from different types of extracted copper intrauterine devices (iucds). bacteriological studies of aerobic and anaerobic organisms were performed on the extracted iucds of 522 iucd users; 480 wearing a multiload cu 250, 15 wearing a copper t, 22 lippes loop and 5 a copper 7. cultures were ne ...	1989	12283073
in vitro activity of tigemonam against urinary tract pathogens.	tigemonam's in vitro activity was compared with that of aztreonam, cefotaxime, gentamicin, and norfloxacin. thirty-two strains of pseudomonas and 960 strains of enterobacteriaceae were studied using the agar dilution method (including escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter sp., serrada marcescens, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, morganella morganii, and salmonella enterica). tigemonam displayed good activity against enterobacteriaceae. minimum inhibitory c ...	1989	27416146
comparison of norfloxacin versus nalidixic acid in therapy of acute urinary tract infections.	thirty-seven adult patients with acute urinary tract infections (uti) were randomized to receive either a seven day (lower uti) or a 14 day (upper uti) course of norfloxacin 400 mg orally twice daily, or nalidixic acid 1 g orally four times per day. mean age, underlying disease and infecting organisms were similar in the two groups. nine patients in the norfloxacin group and seven in the nalidixic acid group had presumptive evidence of upper uti. overall, 12 patients had antibody-coated bacteria ...	1990	22553437
aztreonam susceptibility testing. a retrospective analysis.	aztreonam is a structurally and immunologically unique beta-lactam antibiotic with activity exclusively against aerobic gram-negative micro-organisms. between 1983 and 1988, its antimicrobial spectrum was evaluated against more than 5,800 fresh clinical isolates at a 300-bed community teaching hospital. only 1.1 percent of enterobacteriaceae isolates were resistant to aztreonam over the five-year study period, an incidence similar to that observed with aminoglycoside antibiotics. aztreonam was f ...	1990	2180295
refined crystal structure of beta-lactamase from citrobacter freundii indicates a mechanism for beta-lactam hydrolysis.	beta-lactamases (ec 3.5.2.6, 'penicillinases') are a family of enzymes that protect bacteria against the lethal effects of cell-wall synthesis of penicillins, cephalosporins and related antibiotic agents, by hydrolysing the beta-lactam antibiotics to biologically inactive compounds. their production can, therefore, greatly contribute to the clinical problem of antibiotic resistance. three classes of beta-lactamases--a, b and c--have been identified on the basis of their amino-acid sequence; clas ...	1990	2300174
nucleotide sequence of the serratia marcescens sr50 chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase gene.	the serratia marcescens sr50 chromosomal beta-lactamase gene (ampc) was cloned and sequenced. it contains 1128 nucleotides encoding a protein of 355 amino acids preceded by 21 amino acids which probably constitutes the signal peptide. the mature protein has a predicted molecular mass of 38,901 da. about 40% of the amino acid sequence was identical among ampc beta-lactamases resided in s. marcescens, citrobacter freundii os60, escherichia coli k12 and enterobacter cloacae p99. all of these enzyme ...	1990	2227364
molecular epidemiology of tem-3 (ctx-1) beta-lactamase.	a total of 33 clinical isolates encoding tem-3 (ctx-1) from four french hospitals were studied. the strains belonged to seven species, klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 24), escherichia coli (n = 3), serratia marcescens (n = 2), citrobacter freundii (n = 1), enterobacter aerogenes (n = 1), enterobacter cloacae (n = 1), and klebsiella oxytoca (n = 1). all the strains harbored an inc7 or m self-transferable plasmid with a size of approximately 85 kilobases. the plasmids had closely related ecori, hincii, ...	1990	2327769
citrobacter freundii: a newly reported cause of pyomyositis.	pyomyositis has been uncommonly reported in temperature climates, but is being recognized with increasing frequency. the most common etiologic agent is staphylococcus aureus, although other pathogens have been rarely implicated. the authors describe the first case of pyomyositis caused by citrobacter freundii. because of the rarity of this disease in north america, it is often initially misdiagnosed. neuromuscular sonography, a non-invasive imaging technique, identified the muscle abscess in thi ...	1990	2337124
conjugational cotransfer of incfi and inci conjugative plasmids forming aggregate in a pathogenic citrobacter freundii strain.	two plasmids, pem4 (incfi) determining virulence and pem6 (inci) determining colicine i production and resistance to tetracycline, have been found in a pathogenic strain of citrobacter freundii. even though pem4 and pem6 plasmids are conjugative and transfer themselves very efficiently during conjugation, a high cotransfer of both plasmids is observed--an unusually high fraction of transconjugants acquiring pem6 acquires pem4 and vice versa. the observed cotransfer of these plasmids is connected ...	1990	2185130
production of escherichia coli-specific hybridomas by using gnotobiotic mice.	monoclonal antibodies provide a rapid and specific means of direct detection of microorganisms in water and food samples. however, monoclonal antibodies specific for some bacteria are difficult to obtain; a good example of such a bacterium is escherichia coli. gnotobiotic balb/c mice immunized with whole-cell preparations of heat-treated strains of e. coli and subjected to high-frequency antigen injection showed a significant increase in the number of specific hybridomas produced. fusions obtain ...	1990	2187413
in vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of the new carbapenem ljc10,627.	in in vitro susceptibility tests the new carbapenem ljc10,627 showed potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, except that most methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains tested were found to be resistant to ljc10,627. ljc10,627 showed high activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and was active against enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii strains which were resistant to ceftazidime and cefpirome. the ki values of ljc10,627 for penicillinase ...	1990	2209630
function of the conserved triad residues in the class c beta-lactamase from citrobacter freundii gn346.	the conserved ktg triad in the class c beta-lactamase from citrobacter freundii gn346 was examined as to its function by means of site-directed mutagenesis. the following conversions were performed; lys-315 to arginine, alanine or glutamic acid, thr-316 to valine, and gly-317 to alanine, proline or isoleucine. the resultant mutant enzymes revealed that a basic amino acid at position 315 and a small uncharged residue at position 317 are essential for the enzyme activity, but a hydroxyl group at r ...	1990	2226810
effects of room-temperature exposure on bacterial growth in stored red cells.	experiments were performed to determine the effect of room-temperature (rt) exposure on the growth rates of selected bacteria by deliberate contamination of as-1 packed red cell (rbc) units contained in pl146 plastic bags. isolates of staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, streptococcus faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter agglomerans, and yersinia enterocolitica were inoculated into 3- to 5-day-old packed rbc units. the units were refrigerated at 4 to 6 degrees c ...	1990	2349628
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1987). i. susceptibility distribution].	since 1979, ikemoto et al. have been retrospectively surveying the sensitivity of major species of bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infections to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics. their findings for the past year are reported below. a total of 825 clinical strains of bacteria was investigated. of this total, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 28.0% (231 strains) and gram-negative bacteria for 72.0% (594 strains). taxonomically, escherichia coli accounted for 34.7% ...	1990	2122040