| high-resolution structure of methionine gamma-lyase from citrobacter freundii. | pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent methionine gamma-lyase (mgl) is involved in the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. the enzyme is a promising target in some anaerobic pathogens and is effective in cancer-cell treatment. the structure of the mgl holoenzyme from citrobacter freundii has previously been determined at 1.9 a resolution. by modification of the crystallization procedure, the previously determined structure of c. freundii mgl has been improved to 1.35 a resolution with r and r ... | 2008 | 18219122 |
| evaluation of different laboratory tests for the detection of metallo-beta-lactamase production in enterobacteriaceae. | clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae (91), escherichia coli (49), enterobacter spp. (27), proteus mirabilis (17), citrobacter freundii (2), providencia stuartii (3) and serratia spp. (5), with various mics of imipenem, were examined for production of metallo-beta-lactamases (mbls) with different phenotypic laboratory tests that have been previously published to detect mbls in pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter spp. | 2008 | 18222954 |
| campylobacter jejuni survives within epithelial cells by avoiding delivery to lysosomes. | campylobacter jejuni is one of the major causes of infectious diarrhea world-wide, although relatively little is know about its mechanisms of pathogenicity. this bacterium can gain entry into intestinal epithelial cells, which is thought to be important for its ability to persistently infect and cause disease. we found that c. jejuni is able to survive within intestinal epithelial cells. however, recovery of intracellular bacteria required pre-culturing under oxygen-limiting conditions, suggesti ... | 2008 | 18225954 |
| flagellin-dependent and -independent inflammatory responses following infection by enteropathogenic escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and the murine pathogen citrobacter rodentium belong to the attaching and effacing (a/e) family of bacterial pathogens. these noninvasive bacteria infect intestinal enterocytes using a type 3 secretion system (t3ss), leading to diarrheal disease and intestinal inflammation. while flagellin, the secreted product of the epec flic gene, causes the release of interleukin 8 (il-8) from epithelial cells, it is unclear whether a/e bacteria also trigger epithelia ... | 2008 | 18227166 |
| real-time pcr assays for quantification and differentiation of vibrio vulnificus strains in oysters and water. | vibrio vulnificus is an autochthonous estuarine bacterium and a pathogen that is frequently transmitted via raw shellfish. septicemia can occur within 24 h; however, isolation and confirmation from water and oysters require days. real-time pcr assays were developed to detect and differentiate two 16s rrna variants, types a and b, which were previously associated with environmental sources and clinical fatalities, respectively. both assays could detect 10(2) to 10(3) v. vulnificus total cells in ... | 2008 | 18245234 |
| development and evaluation of immunochromatographic assay for simple and rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in human stool specimens. | an immunochromatographic assay (campy-ica) using a newly generated single monoclonal antibody against a 15-kda cell surface protein of campylobacter jejuni was developed. when cell suspensions of 86 c. jejuni strains and 27 campylobacter coli strains were treated with a commercially available bacterial protein extraction reagent and the resulting extracts were tested with the campy-ica, they all yielded positive results. the minimum detectable limits for the c. jejuni strains ranged from 1.8 x 1 ... | 2008 | 18256225 |
| prevalence of fecal carriage of acquired expanded-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in enterobacteriaceae strains from cattle in france. | | 2008 | 18272707 |
| rapid antimicrobial susceptibility determination of uropathogens in clinical urine specimens by use of atp bioluminescence. | we describe the first direct testing of the antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial pathogens in human clinical fluid samples by the use of atp bioluminescence. we developed an atp bioluminescence assay that eliminates somatic sources of atp to selectively quantify the bacterial load in clinical urine specimens with a sensitivity of <1,000 cfu per milliliter. there was a log-log relationship between light emission and the numbers of cfu in clinical urine specimens. a clinical study was perfo ... | 2008 | 18272708 |
| characterization of the nlef effector protein from attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) is a water- and food-borne pathogen that causes hemorrhagic colitis. ehec uses a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to translocate effector proteins that subvert host cell function. t3ss-substrates encoded outside of the locus of enterocyte effacement are important to e. coli pathogenesis. we discovered an ehec secreted protein, nlef, encoded by z6020 in o-island 71 of e. coli edl933 that we hypothesized to be a t3ss substrate. experiments are presented th ... | 2008 | 18279332 |
| antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts and five flavonoids from the twigs of dorstenia barteri (moraceae). | the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract of the twigs of dorstenia barteri (dbt) as well as that of four of the five flavonoids isolated from this extract. gram-positive bacteria (six species), gram-negative bacteria (12 species) and fungi (four species) were used. the agar disc diffusion test was used to determine the sensitivity of the tested samples while the well micro-dilution was used to determine the minimal inhibition concentrations (mic) and ... | 2008 | 18280679 |
| antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in intensive care units in canada: results of the canadian national intensive care unit (can-icu) study, 2005-2006. | between 1 september 2005 and 30 june 2006, 19 medical centers collected 4,180 isolates recovered from clinical specimens from patients in intensive care units (icus) in canada. the 4,180 isolates were collected from 2,292 respiratory specimens (54.8%), 738 blood specimens (17.7%), 581 wound/tissue specimens (13.9%), and 569 urinary specimens (13.6%). the 10 most common organisms isolated from 79.5% of all clinical specimens were methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa) (16.4%), esche ... | 2008 | 18285482 |
| high-level carbapenem resistance in a citrobacter freundii clinical isolate is due to a combination of kpc-2 production and decreased porin expression. | an imipenem-resistant isolate of citrobacter freundii zj163 (mic 256 microg ml(-1)) isolated from a chinese hospital was investigated. the c. freundii zj163 isolate exhibited high-level resistance to carbapenems, penicillins, cephalosporins, cefoxitin, aztreonam, quinolones and aminoglycosides. isoelectric focusing (ief) demonstrated three beta-lactamases with pis of 5.4 (tem-1), 6.7 (kpc-2) and 7.9 (ctx-m-14). two different transconjugants (types a and b) were obtained by conjugation studies. t ... | 2008 | 18287296 |
| citrobacter freundii infection in glutaric aciduria type 1: adding insult to injury. | glutaric aciduria type 1 (ga1) is an inborn error of organic acid metabolism, where the brain is the principal organ affected with exposure to toxic metabolic product, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (3-ohga). a 2-year-old boy with ga1 and delayed developmental milestones had an acute neurological crisis leading to massive brain abscess with citrobacter freundi infection, a rare cause of neonatal meningitis and often associated with brain abscess. both 3-ohga and c. freundii can damage the blood-brain ba ... | 2008 | 18296804 |
| carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii isolates from tunisia producing the oxa-58-like carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase oxa-97. | the basis of the beta-lactam resistance of 39 multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii isolates recovered from hospitalized patients was studied. these isolates were collected from 2001 to 2005 at the sahloul hospital in sousse, tunisia. they belonged to two distinct clones. one clone that grouped 19 isolates produced a carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinase, oxa-97, that differed from oxa-58 by a single amino acid substitution and conferred the same beta-lactam resistance profile as oxa-58. the ... | 2008 | 18299404 |
| prevalence of plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamases in a chinese university hospital from 2003 to 2005: first report of cmy-2-type ampc beta-lactamase resistance in china. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalences of plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamases (pabls) in isolates of escherichia coli and klebsiella spp. from a university hospital in china. a total of 1,935 consecutive nonrepeat clinical isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and klebsiella oxytoca were collected between january 2003 and july 2005. the isolates with cefoxitin zone diameters less than 18 mm (screen positive) were selected for pcr of the bla(ampc) genes and sequ ... | 2008 | 18305137 |
| prevalence of plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamases in a chinese university hospital from 2003 to 2005: first report of cmy-2-type ampc beta-lactamase resistance in china. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalences of plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamases (pabls) in isolates of escherichia coli and klebsiella spp. from a university hospital in china. a total of 1,935 consecutive nonrepeat clinical isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and klebsiella oxytoca were collected between january 2003 and july 2005. the isolates with cefoxitin zone diameters less than 18 mm (screen positive) were selected for pcr of the bla(ampc) genes and sequ ... | 2008 | 18305137 |
| molecular epidemiology of clinically significant antibiotic resistance genes. | antimicrobials were first introduced into medical practice a little over 60 years ago and since that time resistant strains of bacteria have arisen in response to the selective pressure of their use. this review uses the paradigm of the evolution and spread of beta-lactamases and in particular beta-lactamases active against antimicrobials used to treat gram-negative infections. the emergence and evolution particularly of ctx-m extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) is described together with ... | 2008 | 18311156 |
| comparative activity of meropenem in us medical centers (2007): initiating the 2nd decade of mystic program surveillance. | since 1997, the meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection (mystic) program has monitored the antimicrobial activity of broad-spectrum agents against pathogens from hospitalized patients. in the united states, 2894 isolates were submitted in 2007 from 15 sites, including 1392 enterobacteriaceae, 643 nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli, and 829 gram-positive cocci. all isolates were tested by broth microdilution methods. meropenem (mic(90) range, 0.12-2 microg/ml) exhibited the ... | 2008 | 18329835 |
| biochemical and structural insights into bacterial organelle form and biogenesis. | many heterotrophic bacteria have the ability to make polyhedral structures containing metabolic enzymes that are bounded by a unilamellar protein shell (metabolosomes or enterosomes). these bacterial organelles contain enzymes associated with a specific metabolic process (e.g. 1,2-propanediol or ethanolamine utilization). we show that the 21 gene regulon specifying the pdu organelle and propanediol utilization enzymes from citrobacter freundii is fully functional when cloned in escherichia coli, ... | 2008 | 18332146 |
| resistant pathogens in biliary obstruction: importance of cultures to guide antibiotic therapy. | cholangitis, infection of the bile ducts, is a serious condition that necessitates prompt and efficacious treatment for a good clinical outcome. a single center retrospective study of cholangitis was conducted to better define the spectrum of responsible pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivities. | 2005 | 18333179 |
| boronic acid disk tests for identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae producing chromosomal ampc beta-lactamases. | a study using boronic acid (ba) was designed to detect the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in enterobacteriaceae producing chromosomal ampc beta-lactamases. a total of 197 clinical isolates of enterobacter spp. (n=100), serratia marcescens (n=62) and citrobacter freundii (n=35) were analysed. genes encoding esbls were detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification followed by direct sequencing of pcr products. the clinical and laboratory standards institute confirmatory test ... | 2008 | 18337065 |
| the effects of bee (apis mellifera) venom phospholipase a2 on trypanosoma brucei brucei and enterobacteria. | the potential role of phospholipases in trypanosomiasis was investigated using bee venom phospholipase a2 (bvpla2) as a model. the effects of bvpla2 on the survival of trypanosoma brucei brucei, 2h and 12h cultures of enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii were studied. about 1 mg ml(-1) bvpla2 was trypanocidal after 30 min. some growth occurred at lower concentrations up to 2h after treatment but viability decreased up to 8h. even very low concentrations of bvpla2 (10(-12) ... | 2008 | 18343372 |
| gram-negative bacteraemia in non-icu patients: factors associated with inadequate antibiotic therapy and impact on outcomes. | a considerable number of gram-negative bacteraemias occur outside intensive care units (icus). inadequate antibiotic therapy in icus has been associated with adverse outcomes; however, there are no prospective studies in non-icu patients. | 2008 | 18344548 |
| moxifloxacin in the treatment of skin and skin structure infections. | moxifloxacin is a recent addition to the fluoroquinolone class, differing from ciprofloxacin and other older agents in having much better in vitro activity against gram-positive aerobes while retaining potent activity against gram-negative aerobes. it is also active against the pathogens of human and animal bite wounds and those species of atypical mycobacteria associated with dermatologic infections. its activity against anaerobes is quite variable. moxifloxacin penetrates well into inflammator ... | 2006 | 18360653 |
| rapid polymerase chain reaction-based screening assay for bacterial biothreat agents. | to design and evaluate a rapid polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay for detecting eubacteria and performing early screening for selected class a biothreat bacterial pathogens. | 2008 | 18370996 |
| structure of a phosphoethanolamine-containing o-polysaccharide of citrobacter freundii strain pcm 1443 from serogroup o39 and its relatedness to the klebsiella pneumoniae o1 polysaccharide. | lipopolysaccharide was extracted from cells of citrobacter freundii pcm 1443 from serogroup o39 and degraded by mild acid hydrolysis to give an o-polysaccharide. based on enzymatic and methylation analyses, along with 1h and 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, it was found that the lipopolysaccharide studied has two different linear polysaccharide chains of d-galactan type containing 3-substituted galactose residues. one of the galactans has the disaccharide repeating units of alpha-d-g ... | 2008 | 18371072 |
| profile of microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance at a tertiary care referral burn centre in iran: emergence of citrobacter freundii as a common microorganism. | infection and antimicrobial resistance are important issues in severe burn. the aims of this prospective study were to investigate the profile of microorganisms and resistance to antimicrobial agents in a tertiary referral burn centre; 113 people aged >10 years, with partial- or full-thickness burns, were included in the study. a total of 733 samples including 275 swabs, 164 tissue biopsies, 258 urine samples, 26 blood samples and 10 sputum samples were collected, from which 124 microorganisms w ... | 2008 | 18378087 |
| detection of the klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase type 2 carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzyme in clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii and k. oxytoca carrying a common plasmid. | the klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc) was detected in carbapenem-resistant isolates of citrobacter freundii and klebsiella oxytoca recovered from different patients in a michigan hospital. restriction analysis and hybridization with a kpc-specific probe showed the bla(kpc-2) genes of these two genera of the family enterobacteriaceae are carried on a common plasmid. | 2008 | 18385437 |
| mutations in ampg or ampd affect peptidoglycan fragment release from neisseria gonorrhoeae. | neisseria gonorrhoeae releases peptidoglycan fragments during growth. the majority of the fragments released are peptidoglycan monomers, molecules known to increase pathogenesis through the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and responsible for the killing of ciliated epithelial cells. in other gram-negative bacteria such as escherichia coli, these peptidoglycan fragments are efficiently degraded and recycled. peptidoglycan fragments enter the cytoplasm from the periplasm via the ampg permea ... | 2008 | 18390650 |
| krüppel-like factor 5 mediates transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia caused by citrobacter rodentium infection. | krüppel-like factor 5 (klf5) is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in proliferating crypt cells of the intestinal epithelium. klf5 has a pro-proliferative effect in vitro and is induced by mitogenic and stress stimuli. to determine whether klf5 is involved in mediating proliferative responses to intestinal stressors in vivo, we examined its function in a mouse model of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia triggered by colonization of the mouse colon by the bacteria citrobacter r ... | 2008 | 18395082 |
| resuscitation of eleven-year vbnc citrobacter. | citrobacter freundii strain wa1 was stressed by incubation in seawater microcosms for eleven years. after two years of starvation, no culturable strain was observed. incubation of samples in nutrient-rich broth medium not supplemented with growth factors, however, allowed resuscitation of vbnc cells so that subsequent plating yielded observable colonies for significantly extended periods of time. recovery of vbnc citrobacter freundii was obtained by incubation in nutrient broth even after eleven ... | 2008 | 18401122 |
| virulence studies of enterobacter sakazakii isolates associated with a neonatal intensive care unit outbreak. | in 1994, an outbreak of enterobacter sakazakii infections in france occurred in a neonatal intensive care unit during which 17 neonates were infected. more than half of the infected neonates had severe clinical symptoms; 7 cases of necrotising enterocolitis (one with abdominal perforation), one case of septicemia, and one case of meningitis. the other 8 neonates were shown to be colonized but remained asymptomatic. there were three deaths. four distinguishable pulsotypes of e. sakazakii were iso ... | 2008 | 18423002 |
| [nationwide surveillance of parenteral antibiotics containing meropenem activities against clinically isolated strains in 2006]. | the antibacterial activity of meropenem (mepm) and other parenteral antibiotics against clinical isolates of 876 strains of gram-positive bacteria, 1764 strains of gram-negative bacteria, and 198 strains of anaerobic bacteria obtained from 30 medical institutions during 2006 was measured. the results were as follows; 1. mepm was more active than the other carbapenem antibiotics tested against gram-negative bacteria, especially against enterobacteriaceae and haemophilus influenzae. mepm was also ... | 2007 | 18447206 |
| il-6-dependent mucosal protection prevents establishment of a microbial niche for attaching/effacing lesion-forming enteric bacterial pathogens. | enteric infections with attaching/effacing lesion-inducing bacterial pathogens are a worldwide health problem. a murine infection model with one such pathogen, citrobacter rodentium, was used to elucidate the importance of the pleiotropic immune regulator, il-6, in the pathogenesis of infection. il-6 was strongly induced in colonic epithelial cells and macrophages upon c. rodentium infection and was required for effective host defense, because mice lacking il-6 failed to control bacterial number ... | 2008 | 18453602 |
| antimicrobial treatment for ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis: a randomized, controlled, multicenter study. | ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (vat) is associated with increased duration of mechanical ventilation. we hypothesized that, in patients with vat, antibiotic treatment would be associated with reduced duration of mechanical ventilation. | 2008 | 18454864 |
| a convenient microbiological assay employing cell-free extracts for the rapid characterization of gram-negative carbapenemase producers. | the dissemination of metallo and serine carbapenem-hydrolysing beta-lactamases among gram-negative nosocomial bacteria represents an acute problem worldwide. here, we present a rapid and sensitive assay for the characterization of carbapenemase producers to aid in infection control and prevention. | 2008 | 18456651 |
| dimeric galectin-8 induces phosphatidylserine exposure in leukocytes through polylactosamine recognition by the c-terminal domain. | human galectins have distinct and overlapping biological roles in immunological homeostasis. however, the underlying differences among galectins in glycan binding specificity regulating these functions are unclear. galectin-8 (gal-8), a tandem repeat galectin, has two distinct carbohydrate recognition domains (crds) that may cross-link cell surface counter receptors. here we report that each gal-8 crd has differential glycan binding specificity and that cell signaling activity resides in the c-t ... | 2008 | 18456665 |
| [cloacal and nasal bacterial flora of lepidochelys olivacea (testudines: cheloniidae) from the north pacific coast of costa rica]. | cloacal and nasal bacterial flora of lepidochelys olivacea (testudines: cheloniidae) from the north pacific coast of costa rica. the aerobic cloacal and nasal bacterial flora of 45 apparently healthy female olive ridley sea turtles (lepidochelys olivacea) was studied at nancite nesting beach, in santa rosa national park (costa rican north pacific) during july and august 2002. bacterial samples were obtained by inserting sterile swabs directly into the cloaca and the nasal cavities of the turtles ... | 2006 | 18457173 |
| molecular survey of beta-lactamases conferring resistance to newer beta-lactams in enterobacteriaceae isolates from polish hospitals. | the first national survey of resistance to newer beta-lactams in nosocomial populations of enterobacteriaceae in poland was performed. the study covered all nonrepetitive enterobacterial isolates cultured from specimens from inpatients in 13 regional secondary-care hospitals from november 2003 to january 2004. among 2,388 isolates, the predominant species was escherichia coli (59.6%), followed by proteus mirabilis (14.5%) and klebsiella spp. (8.5%). the frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactam ... | 2008 | 18458126 |
| effects of rifaximin on bacterial virulence mechanisms at supra- and sub-inhibitory concentrations. | rifaximin, a poorly absorbed rifamycin derivative, exhibited time-dependent bactericidal activity and at concentrations as low as 1/32 of the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) caused morphological alterations in both susceptible and resistant bacterial strains. spontaneous rifaximin-resistant clones appeared with an incidence of 2.6 x 10(-7). the percentage of escherichia coli cells cured of various plasmids ranged from: 4.5-70% (flac), 0-18% (pbp507), 7.7-43.8% (plasmid carrying esbl genes ... | 2008 | 18467244 |
| doripenem: a new carbapenem antibiotic a review of comparative antimicrobial and bactericidal activities. | doripenem is a new parental 1-beta-methyl carbapenem which, unlike imipenem, does not require the addition of cilastatin on administration because of the protection afforded to doripenem by the 1-beta-methyl component. it combines the in vitro activities of imipenem and ertapenem against gram-positive bacteria with the in vitro activity of meropenem against gram-negative bacteria. it has excellent bactericidal activity against streptococcus neumoniae. carbapenem resistant mutants were selected w ... | 2007 | 18473003 |
| photorhabdus luminescens genes induced upon insect infection. | photorhabdus luminescens is a gram-negative luminescent enterobacterium and a symbiote to soil nematodes belonging to the species heterorhabditis bacteriophora. p.luminescens is simultaneously highly pathogenic to insects. this bacterium exhibits a complex life cycle, including one symbiotic stage characterized by colonization of the upper nematode gut, and a pathogenic stage, characterized by release from the nematode into the hemocoel of insect larvae, resulting in rapid insect death caused by ... | 2008 | 18489737 |
| enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome. | haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) can be classified according to the aetiology of the different disorders from which it is composed. the most prevalent form is that induced by shigatoxin producing escherichia coli (stec) and, in some tropical regions, by shigella dysenteriae type 1. stec cause a zoonosis, are widely distributed in nature, enter the food chain in different ways, and show regional differences. not all stec are human pathogens. enterohaemorrhagic e. coli usually cause attachment an ... | 2008 | 18493800 |
| direct comparison of the bd phoenix system with the microscan walkaway system for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of enterobacteriaceae and nonfermentative gram-negative organisms. | the phoenix automated microbiology system (bd diagnostics, sparks, md) is designed for the rapid identification (id) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) of clinically significant human bacterial pathogens. we evaluated the performance of the phoenix instrument in comparison with that of the microscan walkaway system (dade behring, west sacramento, ca) in the id and ast of gram-negative clinical strains and challenge isolates of enterobacteriaceae (n = 150) and nonfermentative gram-neg ... | 2008 | 18495856 |
| fluoroquinolone resistance during 2000-2005: an observational study. | moxifloxacin is a respiratory fluoroquinolone with a community acquired pneumonia indication. unlike other fluoroquinolones used in our healthcare system, moxifloxacin's urinary excretion is low and thus we hypothesized that increased use of moxifloxacin is associated with an increase in fluoroquinolone resistance amongst gram negative uropathogens. | 2008 | 18501015 |
| in vitro activity of moxifloxacin and piperacillin/sulbactam against pathogens of acute cholangitis. | to analyze the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin and piperacillin/sulbactam against pathogens isolated from patients with acute cholangitis. | 2008 | 18506921 |
| microbiological implications of periurban agriculture and water reuse in mexico city. | recycled treated or untreated wastewater represents an important health challenge in developing countries due to potential water related microbiological exposure. our aim was to assess water quality and health implications in a mexico city periurban agricultural area. | 2008 | 18509453 |
| imported per-1 producing pseudomonas aeruginosa, per-1 producing acinetobacter baumanii and vim-2-producing pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in hungary. | pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumanii are important nosocomial pathogens with wide intrinsic resistance. however, due to the dissemination of the acquired resistance mechanisms, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) and metallo beta-lactamase (mbl) production, multidrug resistant strains have been isolated more often. | 2008 | 18513394 |
| a plasmid-borne shewanella algae gene, qnra3, and its possible transfer in vivo between kluyvera ascorbata and klebsiella pneumoniae. | the plasmid-borne quinolone resistance gene qnra1 is prevalent in multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae. a chromosomally encoded homologue in shewanella algae, qnra3, has been described. we isolated two qnra3-positive strains, one of klebsiella pneumoniae (he96) and one of kluyvera ascorbata (kas96), from the feces of an immunocompromised outpatient. the qnra3 allele was identical to that of s. algae except for 5 nucleotides and differed from qnra1 by 29 nucleotides affecting three amino acids. ... | 2008 | 18515416 |
| comparison of tetraploid blastocyst microinjection of outbred crl:cd1(icr), hybrid b6d2f1/tac, and inbred c57bl/6ntac embryos for generation of mice derived from embryonic stem cells. | embryo electrofusion and tetraploid blastocyst microinjection is a modification of the traditional embryonic stem cell (es cell)-based method to generate targeted mutant mice. viability of tetraploid embryos is reportedly lower than with diploid embryos, with considerable interstrain variation. here we assessed fetus and pup viability after es cell microinjection of tetraploid blastocysts derived from outbred, hybrid, and inbred mice. two-cell mouse embryos (c57bl/6ntac [b6], n = 788; b6d2f1/tac ... | 2008 | 18524172 |
| how bacteria consume their own exoskeletons (turnover and recycling of cell wall peptidoglycan). | summary: the phenomenon of peptidoglycan recycling is reviewed. gram-negative bacteria such as escherichia coli break down and reuse over 60% of the peptidoglycan of their side wall each generation. recycling of newly made peptidoglycan during septum synthesis occurs at an even faster rate. nine enzymes, one permease, and one periplasmic binding protein in e. coli that appear to have as their sole function the recovery of degradation products from peptidoglycan, thereby making them available for ... | 2008 | 18535144 |
| evaluation of reuterin production in urogenital probiotic lactobacillus reuteri rc-14. | classified as a distinct species in 1980, lactobacillus reuteri strains have been used in probiotic formulations for intestinal and urogenital applications. in the former, the primary mechanism of action of l. reuteri sd2112 (atcc 55730) has been purported to be its ability to produce the antibiotic 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-hpa), also known as reuterin. in the vagina, it has been postulated that probiotic lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 does not require reuterin production but mediates a restorat ... | 2008 | 18539802 |
| sensitive and rapid detection of cholera toxin-producing vibrio cholerae using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | vibrio cholerae is widely acknowledged as one of the most important waterborne pathogen causing gastrointestinal disorders. cholera toxin (ct) is a major virulence determinant of v. cholerae. detection of ct-producing v. cholerae using conventional culture-, biochemical- and immunological-based assays is time-consuming and laborious, requiring more than three days. thus, we developed a novel and highly specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the sensitive and rapid detec ... | 2008 | 18547441 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of common strains of escherichia coli. | we developed a highly sensitive and specific lamp assay for escherichia coli. it does not require dna extraction and can detect as few as 10 copies. it detected all 36 of 36 e. coli isolates and all 22 urine samples (out of 89 samples tested) that had e. coli. this assay is rapid, low in cost, and simple to perform. | 2008 | 18550738 |
| gram stain-specific-probe-based real-time pcr for diagnosis and discrimination of bacterial neonatal sepsis. | sepsis is a serious disease with high mortality in newborns. it is very important to have a convenient and accurate method for pathogenic diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. we developed a method of simultaneous detection and gram classification of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens causing sepsis directly from blood samples with gram stain-specific-probe-based real-time pcr (gspbrt-pcr). with gspbrt-pcr, 53 clinically important strains representing 25 gram-positive and 28 gram-negative bacterial ... | 2008 | 18550744 |
| plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants among enterobacterial isolates from outpatients in brazil. | the aim of this study was to determine the spread of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants [qnr-like, aac(6')-ib-cr and qepa genes] among nalidixic acid-resistant enterobacterial strains isolated from outpatients from southeast brazil, their transferability and the genetic structures associated with the qnr genes. | 2008 | 18552340 |
| pericardial effusion as the only manifestation of infection with francisella tularensis: a case report. | francisella tularensis, a facultative intracellular gram-negative bacterium, has rarely been reported as an agent of pericarditis, generally described as a complication of tularemia sepsis. f. tularensis is a fastidious organism that grows poorly on standard culture media and diagnosis is usually based on serological tests. however, cross-reactions may occur. western blotting allows the correct diagnosis. | 2008 | 18554395 |
| optimal probe length and target location for electrochemical detection of selected uropathogens at ambient temperature. | we have previously demonstrated the clinical validity of the rapid detection of uropathogens by use of a dna biosensor. this assay involves the hybridization of capture and detector probe pairs with bacterial 16s rrna target molecules to form a dna-rna sandwich on the sensor surface. horseradish peroxidase-conjugated antibody binds to the detector probe to enzymatically amplify the hybridization signal. these previous studies involved the hybridization of bacterial 16s rrna target sequences with ... | 2008 | 18562584 |
| urease-positive bacteria in the stomach induce a false-positive reaction in a urea breath test for diagnosis of helicobacter pylori infection. | this study investigated the influence of urease-positive non-helicobacter pylori bacteria on the results of a urea breath test (ubt) to evaluate the diagnostic utility of a ubt using film-coated [(13)c]urea tablets. the ubt was performed in 102 patients treated with a proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics for the eradication of h. pylori. urease-producing bacteria other than h. pylori were isolated and identified from the oral cavity and stomach. in 4/102 patients, the ubt gave false-positive re ... | 2008 | 18566138 |
| antibacterial and preliminary phytochemical and physico-chemical analysis of eucalyptus citriodora hk leaf. | the present communication deals with some studies on the antibacterial, physico-chemical and phytochemical parameters of different extracts of eucalyptus citriodora leaf. the antibacterial study was performed using the agar ditch method on some clinically important bacteria, namely pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, proteus vulgaris, citrobacter freundii, staphylococcus subflava, bacillus megaterium, and enterobacter aerogenes. physico-chemical parameters namely water, methanol, 1,4-dioxane, dmf, ac ... | 2008 | 18569717 |
| antimicrobial activity of dc-159a, a new fluoroquinolone, against 1,149 recently collected clinical isolates. | the activity of dc-159a, a novel orally administered fluorinated quinolone, was evaluated by reference broth microdilution or agar dilution methods against 1,149 recently collected clinical isolates from five continents. against pathogens associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (ca-rtis), the mic(90)s were 0.12 microg/ml for streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.015 to 0.03 microg/ml for haemophilus influenzae, 0.03 microg/ml for moraxella catarrhalis, and 0.12 microg/ml for beta-h ... | 2008 | 18573936 |
| a novel transposon, tn6009, composed of a tn916 element linked with a staphylococcus aureus mer operon. | the aim of this study was to characterize a novel conjugative transposon tn6009 composed of a tn916 linked to a staphylococcus aureus mer operon in representative gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria isolated in nigeria and portugal. | 2008 | 18583328 |
| effect of thymol on microbial diversity in the porcine jejunum. | thirty two weaned pigs (24 d-old) were fed a diet without or with 1% (w/w) thymol. pigs from each dietary treatment remained unchallenged or were challenged with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. jejunal content was collected and molecular microbial diversity was investigated using 16s rrna gene polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). shannon index analysis showed no differences in diversity but pearson coefficient analysis showed clear clustering of ... | 2008 | 18585810 |
| novel polymyxin derivatives carrying only three positive charges are effective antibacterial agents. | the lack of novel antibiotics against gram-negative bacteria has reinstated polymyxins as the drugs of last resort to treat serious infections caused by extremely multiresistant gram-negative organisms. however, polymyxins are nephrotoxic, and this feature may complicate therapy or even require its discontinuation. like that of aminoglycosides, the nephrotoxicity of polymyxins might be related to the highly cationic nature of the molecule. colistin and polymyxin b carry five positive charges. he ... | 2008 | 18591267 |
| in vitro activity of ceftobiprole against pathogens from two phase 3 clinical trials of complicated skin and skin structure infections. | in phase 3 clinical trials for ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections, 1,219 gram-positive and 276 gram-negative aerobic baseline pathogens were identified. ceftobiprole inhibited all staphylococcal isolates, including methicillin-resistant strains, at mics of </=4 mug/ml. against enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, the potency of ceftobiprole was similar to that of cefepime. | 2008 | 18591277 |
| klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2, buenos aires, argentina. | | 2008 | 18598660 |
| structural details and composition of trichomonas vaginalis lipophosphoglycan in relevance to the epithelial immune function. | trichomonas vaginalis causes the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection linked to increased risk of premature birth, cervical cancer and hiv. this study defines molecular domains of the parasite surface glycoconjugate lipophosphoglycan (lpg) with distinct functions in the host immunoinflammatory response. the ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core (cpi-gc) released by mild acid had mr of approximately 8,700 da determined by maldi-tof ms. rha, glcn, gal and xyl and small amounts of g ... | 2009 | 18604640 |
| structural details and composition of trichomonas vaginalis lipophosphoglycan in relevance to the epithelial immune function. | trichomonas vaginalis causes the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection linked to increased risk of premature birth, cervical cancer and hiv. this study defines molecular domains of the parasite surface glycoconjugate lipophosphoglycan (lpg) with distinct functions in the host immunoinflammatory response. the ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core (cpi-gc) released by mild acid had mr of approximately 8,700 da determined by maldi-tof ms. rha, glcn, gal and xyl and small amounts of g ... | 2009 | 18604640 |
| outer membrane protein a expression in enterobacter sakazakii is required to induce microtubule condensation in human brain microvascular endothelial cells for invasion. | enterobacter sakazakii (es) causes neonatal meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis with case-fatality rates among infected infants ranging from 40 to 80%. very little is known about the mechanisms by which these organisms cause disease. here, we demonstrate that es invades human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hbmec) with higher frequency when compared with epithelial cells and endothelial cells from different origins. the entry of es into hbmec requires the expression of outer membrane ... | 2008 | 18606523 |
| comparative in vitro studies on the beta-lactamase-inhibiting effect of clavulanic acid and sulbactam on ampicillin-resistant enterobacteriaceae. | clavulanic acid and sulbactam alone are ineffective against pseudomonas and enterococci. staphylococci and enterobacteriaceae are inhibited by high concentrations not attainable under clinical conditions. strains of acinetobacter, especially a. lwoffii are susceptible to clavulanic acid and highly susceptible to sulbactam. the ampicillin/sulbactam combination is superior to ampicillin/clavulanic acid against citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp. and morganella morganii. the latter combination ... | 1996 | 18611726 |
| generation and characterization of an attenuated mutant in a response regulator gene of francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs). | francisella tularensis is a zoonotic bacterium that must exist in diverse environments ranging from arthropod vectors to mammalian hosts. to better understand how virulence genes are regulated in these different environments, a transcriptional response regulator gene (genome locus ftl0552) was deleted in f. tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs). the ftl0552 deletion mutant exhibited slightly reduced rates of extracellular growth but was unable to replicate or survive in mouse macrophages and was ... | 2008 | 18613792 |
| rapid detection of blakpc carbapenemase genes by real-time pcr. | carbapenem resistance among enterobacteriaceae is an emerging problem worldwide. klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (bla(kpc)) enzymes are among the most common beta-lactamases described. in this study, we report the development and validation of a real-time pcr (q-pcr) assay for the detection of bla(kpc) genes using taqman chemistry. the q-pcr amplification of bla(kpc) dna was linear over 7 log dilutions (r(2) = 0.999; slope, 3.54), and the amplification efficiency was 91.6%. the q-pcr detecti ... | 2008 | 18614657 |
| emergence of a cefepime- and cefpirome-resistant citrobacter freundii clinical isolate harbouring a novel chromosomally encoded ampc beta-lactamase, cmy-37. | citrobacter freundii strain 4306 was isolated from a urine specimen of a patient in march 2006 in palestine. this strain showed a unique multidrug resistance phenotype, as it was resistant both to 7-alpha-methoxy- and oxyimino-cephalosporins, including cefepime, cefpirome and monobactams, in addition to quinolones, streptomycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. clavulanic acid did not act synergistically with cephalosporins by the double-disk synergy test. molecular characterisation showed that ... | 2008 | 18619820 |
| real-time pcr detection of pathogenic microorganisms in roof-harvested rainwater in southeast queensland, australia. | in this study, the microbiological quality of roof-harvested rainwater was assessed by monitoring the concentrations of escherichia coli, enterococci, clostridium perfringens, and bacteroides spp. in rainwater obtained from tanks in southeast queensland, australia. samples were also tested using real-time pcr (with sybr green i dye) for the presence of potential pathogenic microorganisms. of the 27 rainwater samples tested, 17 (63%), 21 (78%), 13 (48%), and 24 (89%) were positive for e. coli, en ... | 2008 | 18621865 |
| in vitro profiling of ceftaroline against a collection of recent bacterial clinical isolates from across the united states. | this study evaluated the in vitro activity of ceftaroline, a novel cephalosporin with broad-spectrum activity against gram-negative and -positive pathogens, against 4,151 recent clinical isolates collected in the united states. ceftaroline was very potent against bacteria found in community- and hospital-acquired infections, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, multidrug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, and common enterobacteriaceae spp. | 2008 | 18625769 |
| genetic and structural insights into the dissemination potential of the extremely broad-spectrum class a beta-lactamase kpc-2 identified in an escherichia coli strain and an enterobacter cloacae strain isolated from the same patient in france. | two clinical strains of escherichia coli (2138) and enterobacter cloacae (7506) isolated from the same patient in france and showing resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and low susceptibility to imipenem were investigated. both strains harbored the plasmid-contained bla(tem-1) and bla(kpc-2) genes. bla(kluc-2), encoding a mutant of the chromosomal beta-lactamase of kluyvera cryocrescens, was also identified at a plasmid location in e. cloacae 7506, suggesting the isecp1-assisted escap ... | 2008 | 18625772 |
| detection of kpc-2 in a clinical isolate of proteus mirabilis and first reported description of carbapenemase resistance caused by a kpc beta-lactamase in p. mirabilis. | an isolate of proteus mirabilis recovered from blood cultures of a diabetic patient was shown to be resistant to imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem by disk diffusion susceptibility testing. amplification of whole-cell and/or plasmid dna recovered from the isolate with primers specific for the bla(kpc) carbapenemase gene produced an amplicon of the expected size which was confirmed to be bla(kpc-2) by sequence analysis. transformation of a susceptible escherichia coli host with plasmid preparatio ... | 2008 | 18632900 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of l-methionine gamma-lyase 1 from entamoeba histolytica. | l-methionine gamma-lyase (mgl) is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme that is involved in the degradation of sulfur-containing amino acids. mgl is an attractive drug target against amoebiasis because the mammalian host of its causative agent entamoeba histolytica lacks mgl. for the development of anti-amoebic agents based on the structure of mgl, one of two mgl isoenzymes (ehmgl1) was crystallized in the monoclinic space group p2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 99.12, b = 85.38, c = 115.37 ... | 2008 | 18678935 |
| comparative analysis of two attacin genes from hyphantria cunea. | a full-length clone corresponding to attacin was isolated from a cdna library made from fat body of immunized hyphantria cunea larvae. this newly isolated attacin b shows characteristics different from those previously reported for attacin a. the two attacin cdnas encode precursor proteins of 233 and 248 amino acid residues, respectively. the two attacins show 45.9% identity at the amino acid level, and 35.2% identity at the nucleotide level. attacins a and b of h. cunea show significant identit ... | 2008 | 18682300 |
| [detection methods and changes in metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative rod isolates at nagasaki university hospital from 1991 to 2005]. | since plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase (mbl)-producing pseudimonas aeruginosa was reported in japan, mbl-producing gram-negative rods (gnrs) have emerged worldwide. we developed a way to detect mbl-producing gnrs in routine examination using broth microdilution with the mbl inhibitor sodium mercaptoacetate (sma) in frozen plates. between 1996 and 2005, we evaluated this and other methods, including broth microdilution with another mbl inhibitor dipicolinic acid (dpa) in dry plates, conven ... | 2008 | 18697478 |
| hospital acquired pneumonia with high-risk bacteria is associated with increased pulmonary matrix metalloproteinase activity. | neutrophil products like matrix metalloproteinases (mmp), involved in bacterial defence mechanisms, possibly induce lung damage and are elevated locally during hospital- acquired pneumonia (hap). in hap the virulence of bacterial species is known to be different. the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of high-risk bacteria like s. aureus and pseudomonas species on pulmonary mmp concentration in human pneumonia. | 2008 | 18700005 |
| synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of some triazole mannich bases carrying diphenylsulfone moieties. | a series of mannich bases of 4-substituted 5-[4-(4-x-phenylsulfonyl)phenyl]-2,4-dihydro-3h-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones, x=h, cl, br, 3 and 5 were synthesized and characterized on the basis of ir, nmr and elemental analyses. the potential antibacterial effects of the synthesized compounds were investigated using the acinetobacter baumanii atcc 19606; citrobacter freundii atcc 8090; pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 9027; enterococcus faecalis atcc 19433; staphylococcus aureus atcc 12600; staphylococcus ep ... | 2009 | 18708273 |
| interplay between cyclic amp-cyclic amp receptor protein and cyclic di-gmp signaling in vibrio cholerae biofilm formation. | vibrio cholerae is a facultative human pathogen. the ability of v. cholerae to form biofilms is crucial for its survival in aquatic habitats between epidemics and is advantageous for host-to-host transmission during epidemics. formation of mature biofilms requires the production of extracellular matrix components, including vibrio polysaccharide (vps) and matrix proteins. biofilm formation is positively controlled by the transcriptional regulators vpsr and vpst and is negatively regulated by the ... | 2008 | 18708497 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of vertilmicin and its susceptibility to modifications by the recombinant aac6'-aph2'' enzyme. | vertilmicin is a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside with a structure similar to that of netilmicin except for a methyl group at the c-6' position. in the present study, the in vitro antibacterial activity of vertilmicin was studied, and its susceptibility to modifications by the recombinant aminoglycoside bifunctional modifying enzyme aac(6')-aph(2'') was compared with those of verdamicin and netilmicin. a total of 1,185 clinical isolates collected from hospitals in beijing between 2000 and 2001 w ... | 2008 | 18710917 |
| first identification of vim-1-producing citrobacter freundii in greece. | | 2008 | 18715763 |
| insights into the catalytic mechanism of tyrosine phenol-lyase from x-ray structures of quinonoid intermediates. | amino acid transformations catalyzed by a number of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp)-dependent enzymes involve abstraction of the calpha proton from an external aldimine formed between a substrate and the cofactor leading to the formation of a quinonoid intermediate. despite the key role played by the quinonoid intermediates in the catalysis by plp-dependent enzymes, limited accurate information is available about their structures. we trapped the quinonoid intermediates of citrobacter freundii tyros ... | 2008 | 18715865 |
| plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants qnra, qnrb, and qnrs among clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae in a korean hospital. | screening of 368 consecutive nonreplicate clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae resistant to nalidixic acid and at least one extended-spectrum beta-lactam revealed the presence of qnra, qnrb, and qnrs determinants, and identified novel qnrb variants, in citrobacter freundii isolates. this study also revealed, for the first time, the linkage of qnrb, arma, and extended-spectrum and/or ampc-type beta-lactamase genes on large conjugative plasmids. | 2008 | 18725444 |
| ecthyma gangrenosum with citrobacter freundii infection. | | 2009 | 18759794 |
| khm-1, a novel plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase from a citrobacter freundii clinical isolate. | a novel gene, bla(khm-1), encoding a metallo-beta-lactamase, khm-1, was cloned from a clinical isolate of citrobacter freundii resistant to most beta-lactam antibiotics. escherichia coli expressing bla(khm-1) was resistant to all broad-spectrum beta-lactams except for monobactams and showed reduced susceptibility to carbapenems. recombinant khm-1 exhibited edta-inhibitable hydrolytic activity against most beta-lactams, with an overall preference for cephalosporins. | 2008 | 18765691 |
| inactivating methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and other pathogens by use of bacteriocins or-7 and e 50-52. | | 2008 | 18768652 |
| plasmid-borne arma methylase gene, together with blactx-m-15 and blatem-1, in a klebsiella oxytoca isolate from china. | an arma-producing klebsiella oxytoca isolate, strain 157, was detected after screening of 447 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae isolates in china. k. oxytoca 157 was resistant to aminoglycosides, ciprofloxacin and most beta-lactams. resistance to aminoglycosides and beta-lactams could be transferred to recipient escherichia coli by conjugation. arma, blactx-m-15 and blatem-1 genes were detected in k. oxytoca 157 and transconjugant e. coli strain 600(pec157). mutation ... | 2008 | 18809557 |
| high prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes qnr and aac(6')-ib-cr in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae from nine teaching hospitals in china. | quinolone resistance is an emerging problem in china. to investigate the prevalence of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes qnr and aac(6')-ib-cr, a total of 265 clinical isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, and enterobacter cloacae with ciprofloxacin mics of > or =0.25 microg/ml were screened at nine teaching hospitals in china. the qnra, qnrb, qnrs, and aac(6')-ib genes were detected by pcr. the aac(6')-ib-cr gene was further identified by diges ... | 2008 | 18809939 |
| effects of therapeutic ceftiofur administration to dairy cattle on escherichia coli dynamics in the intestinal tract. | the goal of this study was to follow ceftiofur-treated and untreated cattle in a normally functioning dairy to examine enteric escherichia coli for changes in antibiotic resistance profiles and genetic diversity. prior to treatment, all of the bacteria cultured from the cows were susceptible to ceftiofur. ceftiofur-resistant e. coli was only isolated from treated cows during and immediately following the cessation of treatment, and the 12 bla(cmy-2)-positive isolates clustered into two genetic g ... | 2008 | 18820057 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for sensitive and rapid detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine seafood-borne pathogen causing gastrointestinal disorders in humans. thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh) are known as major virulence determinants of v. parahaemolyticus. most v. parahaemolyticus isolates from the environment do not produce tdh or trh. total v. parahaemolyticus has been used as an indicator for control of seafood contamination toward prevention of infection. detection of total v. parahaemolyticus using conventio ... | 2008 | 18823567 |
| activation of beta1,3-n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-2 (beta3gn-t2) by beta3gn-t8. possible involvement of beta3gn-t8 in increasing poly-n-acetyllactosamine chains in differentiated hl-60 cells. | enzymatic activities of some glycosyltransferases are markedly increased via complex formation with other transferases or cofactor proteins. we previously showed that beta1,3-n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-2 (beta3gn-t2) and beta3gn-t8 can form a heterodimer in vitro and that the complex exhibits much higher enzymatic activity than either enzyme alone (seko, a., and yamashita, k. (2005) glycobiology 15, 943-951). here we examined this activation and the biological significance of complex format ... | 2008 | 18826941 |
| amplification-based dna analysis in the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection. | microbiological cultures are moderately sensitive for diagnosing prosthetic joint infection (pji). this study was conducted to determine whether amplification-based dna methods applied on intraoperative samples could enhance pji diagnosis compared with culture alone in routine surgical practice. revision arthroplasty was performed for suspected pji (n = 41) and osteoarthrosis control (n = 28) patients, and a diagnosis of pji was confirmed in 34 patients. amplification by polymerase chain reactio ... | 2008 | 18832459 |
| structure of a sigma28-regulated nonflagellar virulence protein from campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni, a gram-negative motile bacterium, is a leading cause of human gastrointestinal infections. although the mechanism of c.jejuni-mediated enteritis appears to be multifactorial, flagella play complex roles in the virulence of this human pathogen. cj0977 is a recently identified virulence factor in c. jejuni and is expressed by a sigma(28) promoter that controls late genes in the flagellar regulon. a cj0977 mutant strain is fully motile but significantly reduced in the invasion ... | 2008 | 18835274 |
| [the analysis of the bacterial and fungal flora in maxillary sinuses in patients operated due to fess method]. | the aim of this work was to analyse the bacterial and fungal flora in maxillary sinuses in patients operated due to the fess method. | 2008 | 18837224 |
| microflora of bile aspirates in patients with acute cholecystitis with or without cholelithiasis: a tropical experience. | the current study determined the spectrum of biliary microflora with special emphasis on enteric fever organisms in patients with acute cholangitis with and without cholelithiasis or other biliary diseases. the patients were divided into three groups: group a consisted of patients with acute cholecystitis with cholelithiasis; group b consisted of patients with acute cholecystitis with gastrointestinal ailments requiring biliary drainage and group c consisted of patients with gallbladder carcinom ... | 2008 | 18839486 |
| two cases of necrotizing fasciitis due to acinetobacter baumannii. | necrotizing fasciitis has conventionally been associated with the streptococci, and when it is caused by other organisms, it is most often the result of a polymicrobial infection. we report on two cases of fatal monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis due to acinetobacter baumannii, an unusual finding that may be an indication of enhanced virulence of the organism. | 2009 | 18923009 |