Publications

the oxidation of glycerol by escherichia freundii.		1946	20987014
the oxidation of glycerol by escherichia freundii.		1947	20247662
[action of radiation of radon on the antigenic power of salmonella ballerup (production of agglutinating antibodies)].		1950	15420898
[fabrication of antigens by ultrasonics; streptococcus antigen c and vi-antigen of salmonella ballerup].		1952	14942463
interconversion of isocitrate and alpha-ketoglutarate by escherichia freundii.		1953	13069468
an escherichia freundii strain related to escherichia coli 111:b4.		1953	13079820
[intestinal coliform flora of native lizards in relation to the bacteriological evaluation of drinking water; with a contribution to the bacteriology of escherichia freundii].		1954	13196449
a culture of escherichia freundii serologically related to the genus salmonella.		1954	13221557
[agglutinin formation by various protein fractions of salmonella ballerup].		1955	13262015
[conditioned hemagglutination (salmonella ballerup): inhibiting power of normal sera, of sera with extracted lipids and of serum lipids on the fixation of antigens by erythrocytes].		1955	14389467
[study of escherichia freundii and considerations on their taxonomic position].		1955	14389477
the characterization of hyaluronidase isolated from escherichia freundii.		1958	13538968
[escherichia freundii with complete salmonella takoradi antigens in a case of diarrhea].		1958	13579507
[studies on escherichia freundii strains carrying the vi antigen and their place in the escherichia freundii group].		1959	13627589
[comparative study of escherichia freundii & salmonella strains].		1959	13670527
[paracoli bethesda (citrobacter) and escherichia freundii in disease in dakar].		1959	13797825
3-hydroxy bile acid dehydrogenase from escherichia freundii.		1960	14400286
escherichia freundii meningitis. report of two cases.		1960	14399934
[change in the radiosensitivity of escherichia freundii cultured in the presence of fluoroacetate].		1962	14465158
[the radiosensitivity of escherichia freundii cultures as a function of the intra- and extracellular accumulation of citrate produced by the addition of fluoroacetate to the culture medium].		1963	13930516
[x-ray induction of the destruction of desoxyribonucleic acid from escherichia freundii. 1. influence of the composition of the irradiation and incubation medium].		1963	13940593
[induction by x-rays of the destruction of deoxyribonucleic acid from escherichia freundii. 2. study of various conditions capable of modifying this destruction].		1963	13940594
isolation of n-acetylneuraminic acid and 4-oxonorleucine from a polysaccharide obtained from citrobacter freundii.		1963	14072840
synthesis of 4-oxonorleucine and comparison with an amino acid isolated from citrobacter freundii.		1964	14189890
endocarditis due to escherichia freundii and staphylococcus aureus.		1965	14232586
citrobacter freundii associated with diarrhea in a laboratory mice.		1965	14341174
[radio-sensitivity of cultures of escherichia freundii cultivated in the presence of fluoroacetate].		1965	14345641
delayed lactose fermentation by enterobacteriaceae.	goodman, r. e. (university of california, los angeles), and m. j. pickett. delayed lactose fermentation by enterobacteriaceae. j. bacteriol. 92:318-327. 1966.-when 171 citrobacter freundii strains and 14 paracolobactrum arizonae strains examined, 51 of the c. freundii strains and 13 of the p. arizonae strains were found to be delayed or negative lactose fermenters. of the slow fermenters, 65% yielded rapidly fermenting mutants in cultures undergoing delayed fermentation. lactose fermentation cou ...	1966	16562113
frequency of occurrence of native hapten among enterobacterial species.	anacker, r. l. (rocky mountain laboratory, hamilton, mont.), w. d. bickel, w. t. haskins, k. c. milner, e. ribi, and j. a. rudbach. frequency of occurrence of native hapten among enterobacterial species. j. bacteriol. 91:1427-1433. 1966.-smooth cultures of representative enterobacteriaceae were screened for the presence of native hapten, a substance previously extracted with trichloroacetic acid from the protoplasmic fraction of one strain each of escherichia coli o111:b4 and o113. trichloroacet ...	1966	5326701
occurrence of a 3-amino sugar in the cell wall of citrobacter freundii 8090.		1966	5970884
physicochemical and biological properties of sonically treated vi antigen.	electrophoretically purified vi antigen from citrobacter freundii 5396/38 was depolymerized by sonic treatment. the treatment caused an 80% reduction in specific viscosity and a reduction in molecular weight from 1.6 x 10(6) to 3.9 x 10(4). the o-acetyl and n-acetyl contents of the antigen and its infrared spectrum remained unchanged. the sonically treated antigen was only 1% as effective as the original antigen in eliciting protection in mice against challenge with salmonella typhi. sonically t ...	1967	4964477
immunofluorescence technique for the detection of salmonellae in various foods.	salmonella species have been detected in nine food varieties by use of fluorescent antibodies without false-positive or false-negative results. test antisera were specially prepared, commercially available, conjugated polyvalent o globulin absorbed with cultures of escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii, and polyvalent phase ii h globulin antibodies. use of this technique permits a decrease of 24 hr in time normally required for salmonella detection when compared with cultural salmonella reco ...	1967	16349728
effect of anaerobiosis on the concentrations of demethylmenaquinone, menaquinone and ubiquinone in escherichia freundii, proteus mirabilis and aeromonas punctata.		1968	4875411
carbohydrate composition of the phenol-soluble lipopolysaccharides of citrobacter freundii.	phenol-soluble lipopolysaccharides were obtained from the interphase and phenol phase fractions of 44% aqueous phenol-extracted citrobacter species. upon detailed investigation of c. freundii 8090, the two lipopolysaccharide fractions were found to contain different amounts of lipid a, although qualitative composition was similar. both contained lipid a, 2-keto-deoxyoctonic acid, heptose, phosphate, d-glucose, galactose, rhamnose, 2-acetamido-2 deoxy-d-glucose, 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose, ...	1968	5669888
comparison of the rates of motility of salmonella with those of other enteric bacteria.		1971	4927403
citrobacter freundii mutants deficient in host specificity functions and their recipient ability for foreign deoxyribonucleic acid.		1971	4941950
preparation and testing of polyvalent conjugates for fluorescent-antibody detection of salmonellae.	a polyvalent oh conjugate for salmonella o groups a through i, k, l, and o was prepared and tested against pure cultures of salmonellae, nonsalmonellae, and a variety of food, fecal, and environmental specimens. examination of pure cultures revealed that the conjugate gave negligible staining with representative strains of shigella, proteus, providence, serratia, and pseudomonas. however, it stained 12% of the escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii strains and 36% of the arizona strains. over ...	1971	4943590
aspartate transcarbamylases of citrobacter freundii.		1971	4330264
identification of products of the uridinediphospho-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine oxidoreductase system from citrobacter freundii atcc 10053.	uridinediphospho-n-acetyl glucosamine is converted to one or more uridine-diphospho-4-keto-6-deoxy-2-acetamidohexose derivatives by an enzyme from citrobacter freundii atcc 10053. borohydride reduction of reaction products followed by acid hydrolysis yielded several amino sugars. two of these were identified as fucosamine and quinovosamine by chromatography and ninhydrin degradation.	1972	4336107
properties of a temperature sensitive plasmid in citrobacter freundii.		1972	4345930
host controlled restriction and modification of bacteriophage mu and mu-promoted chromosome mobilization in citrobacter freundii.		1973	4581370
salmonella isolations from snakes and other reptiles.	bacteriological examination of faeces and swabs from fourteen species of reptiles predominantly constrictors, yielded six serotypes of salmonella as well as arizona hinshawii, proteus species, citrobacter freundii and enterobacter species. organisms isolated were identified using conventional bacteriological methods and yielded two serotypes of salmonellae not previously identified in canada: salmonella nima and salmonella 58:a.	1973	4270441
cell-envelope changes in mutants of citrobacter freundii with altered response to colicin a.		1973	4632420
fatty acid composition of paracolons: arizona, citrobacter, and providencia.	the fatty acid compositions of stationary-phase cultures of arizona arizonae, citrobacter freundii, providencia alcalifaciens, providencia stuartii, and providencia sp. were studied. the major fatty acids of a. arizonae, c. freundii, and providencia were 16:0, 16:1, 17:cyclopropane, and 19:cyclopropane. the fatty acid compositions of the two strains of a. arizonae examined were similar to each other, but the three strains of c. freundii differed from one another in their fatty acid compositions. ...	1973	4698216
isolation and characterization of hfr males in citrobacter freundii.		1974	4596659
purification and properties of an extracellular proteinase of psychrophilic escherichia freundii.		1974	4212288
localization and phenotypic expression of a tol marker in citrobacter freundii.		1974	4219267
properties of r factors from bordetella bronchiseptica.	genetic properties and host ranges of r factors derived from bordetella bronchiseptica of pig origin were examined. all of 61 r factors tested could confer resistance to streptomycin, sulfonamide, and aminobenzyl penicillin on their host bacteria. all of them were identified as fi(-) (no fertility inhibition) type and were found to exhibit no restriction of phages lambda, phi80, p1, p2, t1, t3, t6, t7, w31, and bf-23. they could confer macarbomysin susceptibility on their host cells when infecte ...	1974	4451355
sensitivity of citrobacter freundii and citrobacter koseri to cephalosporins and penicillins.	an examination of 99 field and reference strains of citrobacter freundii showed 79% of them to be resistant to cephaloridine and sensitive to carbenicillin, while 96% of 45 field and reference strains of citrobacter koseri examined were sensitive to cephaloridine and resistant to carbenicillin. susceptibility tests with these two antibiotics are therefore useful in separating the two species of citrobacter.	1974	4496972
in vitro bacteriological study of a new antibiotic substance: sisomicin.	effects of a new antimicrobial agent sisomicin on microorganisms isolated from pathologic material (pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, serratia marcescens, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella spp., streptococcus pyogenes-b, citrobacter freundii) were studied. the results obtained were compared with another two aminoglycoside antibiotics - gentamicin and tobramycin. all three antibiotics were found to be very effective in vitro; their effect was enhanced by addition of an antibiotic of ...	1975	809943
antibacterial activity of combinations of cefazolin and semisynthetic penicillins.	the antibacterial activity of cephalosporin (cs) and semisynthetic penicillins was studied using cs-resistant strains of escherichia freundii and proteus morganii. a synergistic growth inhibitory action toward these microorganisms was demonstrated by a qualitative method and confirmed by a quantitative determination.	1975	1041717
a genetic study of tolerance and resistance to colicin a in citrobacter freundii.	colicin a-insensitive mutants of citrobacter freundii were isolated and grouped into six phenotypic classes characterized by sensitivity, insensitivity or partial insensitivity to the bacteriocins s6, df 13 and colicin a, and sensitivity or insensitivity to deoxycholate (doc) and ampicillin. mapping by the gradient-of-transmission method revealed the chromosomal regions in which the responsible genes are situated. res-3 mapped near pur between pur and thr; tol-5 mapped between aro and ilv and to ...	1975	1082297
thin-layer chromatographic technique for rapid detection of bacterial phospholipases.	silica gel thin-layer chromatography was employed to detect lecithinase activity induced from bacterial resting cell preparations induced from bacterial resting cell preparations incubated at 37 c for 4 h in the presence of purified egg yolk lecithin. bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa hydrolyzed lecithin with the formation of free fatty acids as the sole lipid-soluble product. in none of the escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii strains teste ...	1975	811682
consequences of microbial contamination during extended intravenous therapy using inline filters.	a study was conducted to determine: (1) the effectiveness of 0.22-mum and 0.45-mum pore size membrane filters in retaining microorganisms over a period of 72 hours of intravenous fluid administration; (2) the growth and multiplication characteristics of microorganisms retained on the filter; and (3) the possibility of pyrogens being released by microorganisms trapped on the filter. lactated ringer's injection was used as the i.v. solution. the 0.45-mum filter was found to be effective in retain ...	1975	805533
massive empyema due to citrobacter diversus.	citrobacter diversus is a gram-negative rod member of the enterobacteriacease family. a patient is described from whom this organism was isolated twice in pure culture from empyema fluid. our isolates of citrobacter diversus were resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin and sensitive to cephalothin. citrobacter diversus should be distinguished from citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella pneumoniae. this organism joins streptococcus pyogenes, bacteroids species, anaerobic stre ...	1975	1149508
endo-beta-galactosidase of escherichia freundii. hydrolysis of pig colonic mucin and milk oligosaccharides by endoglycosidic action.		1975	1170852
structure of the glycopeptide storage material in gm 1 gangliosidosis. sequence determination with specific endo- and exoglycosidases.	1. an endo-beta-galactosidase from escherichia freundii, specific for the hydrolysis of desulfated keratan sulfate, quantitatively liberated a trisaccharide (gal-glcnac-gal) from a glycopeptide (mr 1800) isolated from the liver of a patient with gm 1 (generalized) gangliosidosis. 2. the remaining glycopeptide was susceptible to sequential digestion with purified beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase and exo-beta-galactosidase from jack bean meal. 3. these and other studies established the structure of the ...	1975	1092358
a specific cephalosporin-binding protein of citrobacter freundii.	1. a cephalosporin-binding protein obtained from a strain of citrobacter freundii was purified to the extent of a single band in analytical and sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing disc electrophoresis. 2. the molecular weight determined by disc electrophoresis was 53 000. 3. the binding protein did not show any beta-lactamase activity at substrate concentrations examined: 6 mm to 100 mum of penicillins and 12 mm to 100 mum of cephalosporins. 4. in gel filtration, [14c]benzylpenicillin was found no ...	1976	1247578
antibiotic resistance of bacteria in water containing ornamental fishes.	water containing ornamental fishes was found to frequently contain countable numbers of bacteria that were resistant to one or more antibiotic or chemotherapeutic agents. the multidrug-resistant strains most commonly isolated were lactose-fermenting citrobacter freundii. the overall resistance of these aquaria strains was greater than the previously described resistance of clinical isolates of c. freundii. although the strains examined appeared to lack r-factors, this pool of resistant bacteria ...	1976	988781
[use of nessler's reagent for recognition of lysine, ornithine, and arginine decomposition by gramnegative fermentative bacteria (author's transl)].	the reactions of lysine, ornithine and arginine decomposition are often difficult to read in falkow's medium because either the decolorization of the indicator or the lack of sharp colour differences between positive and negative reactions. in such cases nessler's reagent may be a useful aid. a volume of about 0.2 ml is added to the cultures after 4 days incubation through the mineral oil layer by means of a pipette. a positive reaction is indicated by an immediate white precipitation in case of ...	1976	998031
cellular localization of uridine 5'-diphosphate-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine oxidoreductase activity in citrobacter freundii.	the uridine 5'-diphosphate-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine oxidoreductase activity of citrobacter freundii atcc 10053 was found to be located in the soluble cytoplasmic fraction of lysed spheroplasts.	1976	956115
the etiology of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia.	the etiology of a transmissable colonic mucosal hyperplasia of mice was investigated. hyperplasia was produced in mice inoculated with unfiltered colonic suspension from affected mice, but infectivity was lost after passage through a 0.45 mum filter. the etiologic agent was subsequently identified as a variant of citrobacter freundii. the organism induced colonic mucosal hyperplasia when inoculated into germfree mice, and it was recovered in pure culture from the affected animals.	1976	1018473
serotyping of strains belonging to the citrobacter-levinea group isolated from diagnostic material.	a proposal is presented for the serotyping of citrobacter-levinea strains: 9 serotypes for citrobacter diversus (levinea malonatica) and 13 serotypes for h2s-negative, indole-positive variants of citrobacter freundii (levinea amalonatica), which showed a considerable antigenic diversity. by means of both kinds of antiserum types 80 per cent of the strains (l. malonatica 100 per cent, l. amalonatica 72 per cent) from a series of 106 strains isolated from different diagnostic material were serolo ...	1976	936828
physiological characteristics of chemostatically grown citrobacter freundii as a function of the specific growth rate and type of nutrient limitation.	citrobacter freundii was grown aerobically in a chemostat on a mineral medium with galactose or glucose as carbon and energy sources under limitation by carbon or nitrogen source respectively. at various specific growth rates ranging from 7 to 95% mumax the culture in steady state was analysed and growth yield, specific metabolic rate of substrate utilization, intracellular concentration of pyruvate, atp, adp, amp and energy charge were determined and plotted as functions of dilution rate. in al ...	1976	947835
reductive microbial conversion of anthracycline antibiotics.	reductive conversion of several anthracycline glycosides to their 7-deoxyaglycones occurs during their microaerophilic incubation with strains of aeromonas hydrophila, citrobacter freundii, and escherichia coli. further, extracts of microaerophilically grown a. hydrophilia catalyze dpnh-dependent reductive conversion of the same compounds. anthracycline substrates cleaved by both whole cells and by the cell-free system include steffimycin, steffimycin b, nogalamycin, cinerubin a, and daunomycin. ...	1976	786368
formation of crystalline deposits by several genera of the family enterobacteriaceae.	several species of bacteria from the family enterobacteriaceae formed crystalline materials containing calcium when grown in a defined culture medium. enterobacter aerogenes, proteus vulgaris, citrobacter freundii, and c. intermedius produced calcium pyrophosphate crystals. edwardsiella tarda and escherichia coli formed calcite iii crystals, whereas proteus mirabilis, klebsiella pneumoniae, providencia stuartii, and serratia marcescens produced hydroxyapatite crystals. several of these bacteria ...	1976	786887
endo-beta-galactosidase of escherichia freundii. purification and endoglycosidic action on keratan sulfates, oligosaccharides, and blood group active glycoprotein.	endo-beta-galactosidase was purified 4400-fold from a culture filtrate of escherichia freundii with 45% recovery. the enzyme preparation was practically free of exoglycosidases, sulfatase, and proteases. this enzyme hydrolyzed several keratan sulfates, endoglycosidically releasing oligosaccharides of various molecular sizes. among the digestion products of the corneal keratan sulfate, the structure of a disaccharride and a tetrasaccharride were shown to be 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-o-sulfo-beta-d-gl ...	1976	135762
nitrogen fixation by bacteria from the hindgut of termites.	anaerobically grown bacteria isolated from the hindgut contents of the termites coptotermes lacteus (froggatt), mastotermes darwiniensis froggatt and nasutitermes exitiosus (hill) were nitrogenase-positive as assayed by acetylene reduction. nitrogen fixation, confirmed with 15n2, was highest in the isolate from m. darwiniensis. all isolates were identified as citrobacter freundii (braak) werkman & gillen.	1976	956782
approach to a practical method for screening and identifying microorganism genera from urine (author's transl).	in this study the author reported upon a practical new system for screening and identifying the microbial agents causing urinary tract infections. this system is composed of a combination of 3 screening procedures (ph-value + nitrite-test + catalase-test) and 8 selective culture media for the purpose of genus identification within 24 hours (uripret-g). a total of 130 cultures was investigated. the employed microorganisms were mainly recovered from urine samples. they included the following speci ...	1976	11179
[comparative studies with the rapid kcn-test for enterobacteriaceae according to cahan, sechter and ohad (author's transl)].	581 strains of enterobacteriaceae (184 of salmonella, 100 of shigella, 31 of citrobacter freundii, 61 of escherichia coli, 40 of klebsiella, 165 of proteus) were investigated in comparison with the kcn-test according to møller and with the rapid kcn-test according to cahan, sechter and ohad. there was found that the results obtained with both methods were identical to 99 percent. in both tests there could be observed that inexplicable differences occur only in two strains of proteus mirabilis. t ...	1976	790855
kinetic properties of serratia marcescens adenosine 5'-diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase.	the regulatory properties of partially purified adenosine 5'-diphosphate-(adp) glucose pyrophosphorylase from two serratia marcescens strains (atcc 274 and atcc 15365) have been studied. slight or negligible activation by fructose-p2, pyridoxal-phosphate, or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) was observed. these compounds were previously shown to be potent activators of the adpglucose pyrophosphorylases from the enterics, salmonella typhimurium, enterobacter aerogenes, e ...	1976	6432
acetylene reduction (nitrogen fixation) by enterobacteriaceae isolated from paper mill process waters.	using selective media containing galactitol, over 130 enterobacteriaceae have been isolated from paper mill process waters collected from different localities. these bacteria were extensively characterized and tested for acetylene-reducing (nitrogen-fixing) activity under anaerobic conditions. high activity was found in representatives of klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, erwinia herbicola, citrobacter freundii, citrobacter intermedius, and escherichia coli. un ...	1976	16345168
effects of varying concentrations of novobiocin incorporated into two salmonella plating media on the recovery of four enterobacteriaceae.	hydrogen sulfide-producing strains of salmonellae, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, and proteus mirabilis were isolated from fresh pork sausage. all the strains produced black-centered colonies on hektoen enteric agar (he). on xylose lysine deoxycholate agar (xld), c. freundii produced yellow colonies, and the strains of the other three genera formed black-centered colonies. the selectivity of he and xld for salmonellae was improved by the addition of novobiocin to both media. with increa ...	1977	16345211
dietary, bacterial, and host genetic interactions in the pathogenesis of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia.	transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia, cuased by a variant of citrobacter freundii (4280). was shown to be modified by diet and by host strain and species. four different diets fed to mice inoculated with c frundii 4280 were found to have a significant but varying influence on the severity of hyperplasia. diet also influenced the colonic crypt height of uninoculated, control mice. f344 rats, syrian hamsters, and nih swiss [n:(s)], c57bl/6j, c3h/hej, and dba/2j mice were inoculated with c freu ...	1977	599885
effect of storage conditions of the performance of bismuth sulfite agar.	refrigerated storage of bismuth sulfite agar plates for up to 4 days did not adversely affect growth and colonial characteristics of selected salmonella strains. incubation of inoculated plates for 48 h favored the development of more salmonellae with typical morphology. inoculated plates of freshly poured medium incubated for 48 h gave recoveries similar to those on refrigerated plates and showed a high selectivity against citrobacter freundii and proteus vulgaris, organisms which mimic the col ...	1977	321469
preprototype of an automated microbial detection and identification system: a developmental investigation.	the automicrobic system is an automated, computerized instrument that uses highly selective media and an optical system for detection, enumeration, and identification of bacteria and some yeasts in 13 h. a preprototype instrument (automicrobic system-1) and its urine culture kit (identi-pak), developed for the detection, enumeration, and identification of eight species or groups of bacteria and of candida species and torulopsis glabrata in urine specimens, was evaluated during its development. a ...	1977	334797
automated microbiological detection/identification system.	an automated, computerized system, the automicrobic system, has been developed for the detection, enumeration, and identification of bacteria and yeasts in clinical specimens. the biological basis for the system resides in lyophilized, highly selective and specific media enclosed in wells of a disposable plastic cuvette; introduction of a suitable specimen rehydrates and inoculates the media in the wells. an automated optical system monitors, and the computer interprets, changes in the media, wi ...	1977	334798
aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes produced by r plasmids of escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus vulgaris, providencia stuartii and serratia marcescens.		1977	340445
in vitro activity of netilmicin, gentamicin, and amikacin.	the in vitro activity of netilmicin (sch 20569), a new semisynthetic derivative of gentamicin, was compared with that of gentamicin and amikacin. one hundred and ninety-two clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus were tested using both agar and broth dilution techniques. netilmicin was comparable to gentamicin, with the following exceptions: (i) for serratia marcescens and p. aeruginosa, gentamicin was more active than netilmicin; (ii) all strai ...	1977	402104
l-asparagainases from citrobacter freundii.	three enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of l-asparagine have been identified in extracts of citrobacter freundii. one of these (asparaginase-glutaminase (ec 3.5.1.1) also shows substantial glutaminase activity. this enzyme is extremely labile, is sensitive to inactivation by p-chloromercuribenzoate, and is not protected by dithiothreitol. a second enzyme (asparaginase b) is also sensitive to mercurials but is protected from inactivation by dithiothreitol. this enzyme has a relatively low aff ...	1977	401650
prototrophic growth of citrobacter freundii and the biochemical basis for its apparent growth requirements in aerated media.		1977	833571
anaerobic dechlorination and degradation of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers by anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria.	screening studies with strict and facultative anaerobic bacteria showed that clostridium app. and several other representatives of bacillaceae and enterobacteriaceae actively degraded gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-hch) under anaerobic conditions. representatives of lactobacillaceae and propronibacterium were inactive. with 36cl-labelled gamma-hch a nearly complete dechlorination was shown to occur in 4--6 days by clostridium butyricum, c. pasteurianum and citrobacter freundii, while other f ...	1977	74989
thermolabile repression of cephalosporinase synthesis in citrobacter freundii.	an unusual regulatory system of cephalosporinase synthesis in citrobacter freundii has been found. when the bacteria are grown at 20 c, the cephalosporinase is synthesized as a typical inducible enzyme and benzylpenicillin acts as an effective inducer. the enzyme, however, is synthesized in the absence of the inducer at growth temperatures above 25 c. when the growth temperature is shifted from 20 c to 37 c, the induction of enzyme synthesis is observed after about one half of the organism doubl ...	1977	203825
[enterobacteria erroneously identified as salmonella in human faeces (author's transl)].	to differentiate citrobacter freundii, enterobacter hafniae, proteus mirabilis and alteromonas putrefaciens from salmonella strains isolated in faeces, the author recommends the use of "hajna-kligler" medium, "nitrate-motility-mannitol" medium, "urease-indole-trytophane desaminase" medium and glycerol peptonated water. the lysis of salmonella and e. hafniae strains by specific phages (felix and callow o: 1 salmonella phage; guinee and valkenburg hafnia phage) is emphasized.	1977	335345
the mutagenic action of nitroimidazoles. ii. tinidazole, ipronidazole, panidazole and ornidazole.	the 5-nitroimidazoles tinidazole (fasigyn), ipronidazole (ro-7-1554), panidazole and ornidazole (tiberal, ro-7-0207) in concentrations of 0.02--1 mm per liter increased the mutation frequency of klebsiella pneumoniae. escherichia coli k12 and citrobacter freundii to streptomycin resistance, including streptomycin dependence, in luria and delbrück's fluctuation test. at low concentration (0.1 mm), the increase of the mutation frequency caused by each compound was nearly the same, i.e. 3--4 times ...	1977	327306
genetics of colicin e susceptibility in citrobacter freundii.	the insensitivity of citrobacter freundii to the e colicins is based on tolerance to colicin e1 and resistance to colicins e2 and e3. spontaneous colicin a resistant mutants of c. freundii also lost their colicin e1 receptor function. sensitivity to colicin e1 can be induced by f'gal+tol+ plasmids, the tol a+ gene product of which is responsible for this effect. receptor function for colicins e2 and e3 is induced by the e. coli f'14 bfe+ plasmid, which is also able to enhance notably the recepto ...	1977	326179
[presence of resistance factors to antibiotics in multiresistant enterobacteria].	the present study was carried out with 111 multiresistant pathogenic strains of enterobacterias isolated from different sources with increased resistance to three or more antibiotics. among the identified species are included e. coli, shigella sp., salmonella oranienburg, klebsiella pneumoniae and citrobacter freundii. in general, the minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotics was above 100 microgram/ml and in some cases it was superior to 1000 microgram/ml. resistance transfer factors were ...	1977	614652
cerebral abscesses complicating neonatal citrobacter freundii meningitis.		1977	919545
morphogenesis of early 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced lesions and latent period reduction of colon carcinogenesis in mice by a variant of citrobacter freundii.	the morphogenesis of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (dmh)-induced lesions in the colon of outbred nih swiss mice was determined for up to 5 months of treatment. the effect of hyperplasia on dmh carcinogenesis was also evaluated by introducing a transient hyperplastic stimulus to the colon during the chronic weekly treatment regimen of dmh. the hyperplastic stimulus was a naturally occurring disease of mice, transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia, which is caused by a variant of citrobacter freundii. i ...	1977	922726
instability of the tetrathionate respiratory chain of citrobacter freundii.	the formate--tetrathionate reductase redox pathway of citrobacter freundii is associated with the cytoplasmic membrane fraction. a high concentration of phosphate in the buffer used for cell disintegration assists in the preparing of membrane particles capable of efficient tetrathionate respiration. a part of this effect at least may be attributed to the high ionic strength of the buffer.	1978	744552
isolation of klebsielleae from within living wood.	previous studies from this laboratory have documented the presence of coliform bacteria emanating from wooden reservoirs containing finished drinking water. coliforms were identified as klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter spp. in the present report, evidence is presented which suggests that the origin of these coliforms is from the wood used to construct the reservoirs. in liquid expressed from freshly cut redwood, total bacterial counts in the range of 10(5) to 10(6)/ml were commonly observe ...	1978	358920
differentiation of serratia marcescens and serratia liquefaciens by tests for lipase and phospholipase production.	the production of lipase and phospolipase by certain members of the enterobacteriaceae was examined by thin-layer chromatography of resting-cell suspensions incubated with triolein or lecithin. most strains of serratia marcescens produced both enzymes while most strains of serratia liquefaciens exhibited strong lipase but only a minor phospholipase activity. enterobacter spp. (25 strains), klebsiella pneumoniae (20 strains), escherichia coli (15 strains), citrobacter freundii (7 strains) and pro ...	1978	355631
rapid enumeration of fecal coliforms in water by a colorimetric beta-galactosidase assay.	the colorimetric beta-galactosidase assay is based upon the enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactoside (onpg) by fecal coliforms. this technique provides an estimate of the fecal coliform concentration within 8 to 20 h. a 100-ml portion of test sample was passed through a 0.45 micrometer membrane filter. this filter was then incubated at 37 degrees c for 1 h in ec medium followed by the addition of filter-sterilized onpg. the incubation was continued at 44.5 degrees c ...	1978	414659
[destruction of alkyl sulfates by a citrobacter freundii culture].		1978	203618
enterobacteria of emerging pathogenic significance from clinical cases in man and animals and detection of toads and wall lizards as their reservoirs.	a total of 416 samples comprising faecal samples from diarrhoeic cases of man, calves, sheep and goats, and urine samples from patients with urinary tract infections, were examined for the presence of enterobacteria of emerging pathogenic significance. citrobacter freundii from 20, c. intermedius biotype-a from four, serratia marcescens (serotype 05:h13, bactericin type 16) from one and erwinia herbicola from two human stool samples were isolated. only two urine samples yielded c. freundii. citr ...	1978	582096
[cefuroxim, a new beta-lactamase stable cephalosporin].	in vitro activity of cefuroxime, a new cephalosporin stable to bacterial beta-lactamases, was compared with that of cefalothin and other cephalosporins by serial dilution test in more than 600 bacterial strains. cefuroxime was more active than cefalothin on most strains of gram negative bacilli (except salmonella species) and also on most strains of cefalothin-resistant bacteria. in comparison to cefalothin, cefoxitin and cefamandol, cefuroxime exerted the strongest activity on meningococci, str ...	1978	309178
l-arabinose-ornithine-irgasan medium for differentiating serratia species.	a semisolid medium (designated serratia differentiation medium) containing l-arabinose, ornithine, and selective inhibitor was used to differentiate three clinically encountered serratia species. the inhibitor, irgasan dp-300, was incorporated to eliminate false-positive reactions from most remaining enterobacteriaceae. the suspected serratia colony was inoculated as a stab into the medium. serratia marcescens was indicated by a change in color from olive to purple following 18 h of incubation, ...	1978	348720
enterotoxin-producing bacteria stools from swedish united nations soldiers in cyprus.	a study was designed to establish the role of heat-labile enterotoxin producing escherichia coli and other intestinal pathogens in diarrhoeal disease in swedish soldiers of the united nations' force in cyprus. before leaving sweden for cyprus, no enteropathogens were isolated from the soldiers. the study was performed from october 1975 through january 1976 and in august 1976. enterotoxigenic strains of e. coli, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella pneumoniae were the intesti ...	1978	355145
performance of enterobacteriaceae identification systems. an analysis of college of american pathologists survey data.	commercial systems designed and marketed for evaluation of enterobacteriaceae are used in many clinical microbiology laboratories. evaluations of these systems have been reported from several large laboratories. identifications with one or more of these systems were compared with those obtained by conventional methods with many strains of organisms. the microbiology resource committee of the college of american pathologists designed two surveys to evaluate the performances of commercial systems ...	1978	360823
transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia.	after exposure to a variant of citrobacter freundii, suckling and adult mice developed transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia of the same degree of severity. mucosal hyperplasia was most severe 2 to 3 weeks after inoculation and then regressed. suckling mice had a high mortality because of secondary inflammatory and erosive changes. severe hyperplasia was characterized by mitotic activity along the entire crypt column and surface mucosa.	1978	664189