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comparative in vitro activity of fk-037, a new cephalosporin antibiotic.the in vitro activity of fk-037, a novel parenteral oxime-type cephalosporin, was compared with that of cefepime, cefpirome, ceftazidime, imipenem, and gentamicin against a total of 668 recent clinical isolates. minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by a standard agar dilution procedure, and all isolates were tested at two inocula (10(4) and 10(6) colony forming units). fk-037 inhibited 90% of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella species, proteus mirabilis, p. vulgaris, morganell ...19947867295
cefquinome (hr 111v). in vitro evaluation of a broad-spectrum cephalosporin indicated for infections in animals.cefquinome (formerly hr 111v), an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was compared with cefepime, cefpirome, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime against 681 clinical cultures and a challenge set of bacteria with well-characterized resistance mechanisms. cefquinome minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic90) for the enterobacteriaceae ranged from < or = 0.12-2 micrograms/ml with the highest mic (4 micrograms/ml) obtained among citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, and providencia stuartii strains. a total ...19947867299
update of lomefloxacin in vitro activity and spectrum. a multicenter trial testing contemporary pathogens following food and drug administration validation guidelines. lomefloxacin activity study group.the united states food and drug administration recently recommended that the antimicrobial product package insert (ppi) subsection on microbiology be annually validated with regard to the compound's spectrum and potency. to address this request, a nine-laboratory trial was organized to test (two methods) lomefloxacin, a newer fluoroquinolone, and nine comparison drugs against ppi-listed pathogens (1934 strains). a broad geographic sampling (nine medical centers) was achieved, and lomefloxacin wa ...19947867311
antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates at the american university medical center in lebanon.in lebanon, knowledge of the prevailing pattern of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents has been limited, particularly because of 15 years of civil strife. thus, the current study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of nonselected bacterial isolates recovered from recent clinical specimens, using the standardized disk agar diffusion technique. a total of 5216 isolates (1443 gram positive and 3773 gram negative) were examined. over 92% of staphylococcus au ...19947874882
postantibiotic effect of meropenem on members of the family enterobacteriaceae determined by five methods.the postantibiotic effect (pae) of meropenem was determined for 11 strains, both clinical isolates and reference strains of members of the family enterobacteriaceae. the study compares pae results obtained by five methods used to monitor bacterial regrowth, including viable counting, alone and in combination with impedance; bioluminescence, alone and in combination with impedance; and a morphological technique. after exposure of the test organisms to meropenem (0.1 x to 100 x mic) for 2 h, conce ...19947872752
bifocal cervical spondylodiscitis due to citrobacter diversus.spondylodiscitis due to citrobacter diversus is rare. an unusual case of bifocal cervical spondylodiscitis following transurethral prostatectomy is reported. c. diversus was detected by urinary cultures and locally by intervertebral disc puncture. satisfactory recovery occurred after treatment with imipenem and amikacin, and then imipenem alone. citrobacter infections are still rare in adults but are increasing in immunocompromised patients and sometimes occur in healthy subjects following surge ...19947698842
[clinical bacteriology and empiric therapy for hospital-acquired pneumonia in the elderly at a national leprosarium].hospital-acquired pneumonia is one of the most important fatal respiratory diseases in the elderly. prompt and precise empiric therapy is essential for recovery. fourteen isolates from twelve elderly lepromatous leprosy patients (9 men, 3 women, mean age of 75.8 years) with hospital-acquired pneumonia were studied. subsequently, empiric therapy with gentamicin and beta-lactams for nosocomial pneumonia in the elderly was examined. fourteen types of bacteria isolated from expectorated sputum speci ...19947799554
in vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of sy5555, a new oral penem antibiotic.the antibacterial activity of sy5555, a new oral penem antibiotic, was compared with those of cefaclor, cefixime, and cefteram. sy5555 was more active than the comparison agents against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, enterococcus faecalis, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, clostridium spp., and bacteroides fragilis. against providencia spp., proteus spp., and haemophi ...19947811005
gene sequence and biochemical characterization of fox-1 from klebsiella pneumoniae, a new ampc-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase with two molecular variants.klebsiella pneumoniae ba32, a clinical isolate from buenos aires, argentina, was found to produce a plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase (fox-1) which conferred resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and cephamycins. resistance could be transferred by conjugation or transformation into escherichia coli k-12 via a 48.5-kb plasmid (pglk1) that produced two fox-1 molecular variants with isoelectric points of 6.8 and 7.2 and apparent molecular sizes of 37 and 35 kda, respectively. the kinetic study r ...19947811034
the structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of citrobacter o16 containing glycerol phosphate.the o-specific polysaccharide, obtained by mild acid degradation of citrobacter o16 lipopolysaccharide, consists of d-glucose, d-galactose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galactose, glycerol and phosphate in the ratios 2:2:2:1:1. selective cleavage of the polysaccharide was carried out by smith degradation, n-deacetylation-deamination and dephosphorylation with 48% hydrofluoric acid, which was accompanied by unexpected splitting of one of the glycosidic linkages. the structures of the oligosaccharides th ...19947508393
piperacillin/tazobactam. a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential.combining tazobactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, with the ureidopenicillin, piperacillin, successfully restores the activity of piperacillin against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. tazobactam has inhibitory activity, and therefore protects piperacillin against richmond and sykes types ii, iii, iv and v beta-lactamases, staphylococcal penicillinase and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. however, tazobactam has only species-specific activity against class i chromosomally-mediated enzymes. resi ...19947514977
salmonella typhimurium enterotoxin epitopes shared among bacteria.the deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned salmonella enterotoxin gene (stn) was used to prepare anti-peptide antibodies. these antibodies were then employed to screen isolates of this enteric pathogen for the synthesis of protein enterotoxin (stn). cell lysates of all salmonella isolates tested displayed a prominent immunoblot band of approximately 29 kda, which was consistent with the size of the cloned stn gene product. among other gram-negative bacteria examined, isolates of klebsiella, e ...19947517375
[in vitro antibacterial activity of cefpirome: a new cephalosporin; results of a multicenter study].the in vitro activity of cefpirome, a new injectable cephalosporin was studied against 1,082 clinical isolates in a multicentre study. minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using an agar dilution method. cefpirome was active against enterobacteriaceae. on naturally non-producing beta-lactamase species, cefpirome was active on most of the strains with mics < or = 0.5 mg/l, including strains producing an acquired penicillinase: e. coli 0.03-0.06, p. mirabilis 0.06-0.12, salmonella spp. ...19947724247
the structure of the citrobacter freundii o8a,8b o-specific polysaccharide containing d-xylofuranose. 19947528641
production of a plasmid mediated ampc-like beta-lactamase by a klebsiella pneumoniae septicaemia isolate.a septicaemia klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from greece (ath1) was shown to be resistant to third generation cephalosporins, aztreonam and cefoxitin and this resistance was not decreased in the presence of clavulanic acid. the gene coding for the resistance phenotype, associated with a beta-lactamase showing cephalosporinase activity and a pi of 8.6, could be transferred into escherichia coli k-12 by conjugation and transformation. dna-hybridisation showed that this gene was located on two diffe ...19947730237
plantar cellulitis.an unusual case of acute cellulitis of the foot in a child is reported. the child failed to respond to standard treatment even after removal of an occult foreign body. wound cultures revealed klebsiella oxytoca and citrobacter freundii. this is the first documented report on klebsiella oxytoca in cellulitis. the cellulitis resolved after being treated with the appropriate antibiotics.19947909945
resistance to antibiotics in gram-negative rods from clinical material of hospital and community origin.the authors examined the resistance to 13 antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents by the diluting micromethod and the routine disk method in the group of 5375 gram-negative strains of 7 genera which prevailed in clinical material of an hospital (fn olomouc) and in material of community (ohs olomouc) provenance during the years 1992 and 1993. in the majority of cases, the resistance was more frequent in the strains isolated from the hospital material. the most remarkable differences were found in ...19958686556
the danger of infections of the hospitalized patients with the microorganisms present in preparations and in the hospital environment.two strains-s. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus, resistant to antibiotics, were isolated from previously non-opened preparations made by the hospital pharmacy and industrially produced. after application in the surgery ward, two enterobacter agglomerans strains, resistant to antibiotics were detected in oral mixtures. the resistant bacteria, b. cereus and 4 strains of ps. aeruginosa, were also found in the purified water. in hospital environment 9 strains of staphylococci, resistant ...19958960248
[gas-containing liver abscess, hepatic gas gangrene]. 19958749407
the ability of beta-lactam antibiotics to select mutants with derepressed beta-lactamase synthesis from citrobacter freundii.the ability of beta-lactam compounds to induce synthesis of the class c beta-lactamase of citrobacter freundii was assessed both directly and indirectly, the latter by measurement of the different susceptibilities of strains with inducible and depressed beta-lactamase synthesis and those of a beta-lactamase-negative strain. most beta-lactam compounds were poor inducers but ampicillin, amoxycillin and cephalexin were moderately good inducers and cefoxitin, imipenem and meropenem were strong induc ...19958830012
activity of cefepime against nosocomial blood culture isolates.cefepime is a new aminothiazolylacetamido cephalosporin with a wider spectrum and greater potency than many currently available cephalosporins. since the blood culture isolates from patients of the study centre in saudi arabia are significantly more resistant to antimicrobial agents in clinical practice, we evaluated the in-vitro activity of cefepime and six other beta-lactam antibodies against 390 and 273 isolates of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, respectively. cefepime had a broad s ...19958830018
escherichia hermannii: susceptibility pattern to beta-lactams and production of beta-lactamase.the susceptibility pattern of escherichia hermannii, although closely related to escherichia coli according to its biochemical patterns, was clearly distinguishable by its susceptibility to beta-lactams by both diffusion and dilution methods from e. coli penicillinase producing or non-producing strains, citrobacter diversus, klebsiella pneumoniae, and klebsiella oxytoca. beta-lactamase clavulanate-sensitive activity was localized with various isoelectric points from 7.0 to 8.5. no cross hybridiz ...19958830019
five-year survey of cefotaxime resistance in spain.during 1991-1995 a spain collaborative study group surveyed the resistance to cefotaxime both in community as well as in hospital isolates of bacteria. the isolates tested during the study period of 5 years were 813, 875, 3631, 3184, and 3050 strains, respectively. antimicrobial activity of cefotaxime was assayed by broth or agar microdilution, in accordance with criteria of the national committee of clinical laboratory standards (nccls). cefotaxime resistance included 2.5% of all isolates: 2.6% ...19959158804
inducible expression of the chromosomal cdia from citrobacter diversus nf85, encoding an ambler class a beta-lactamase, is under similar genetic control to the chromosomal ampc, encoding an ambler class c enzyme, from citrobacter freundii os60.this study aimed to characterize the molecular basis of beta-lactamase induction in citrobacter diversus. the chromosomal beta-lactamase encoding region from c. diversus, strain nf85, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the cloned region was sequenced and open-reading frames encoding a class a beta-lactamase, designated cdia, and a putative lysr-type transcriptional regulator protein, divergently transcribed from the beta-lactamase gene and designated cdir, were identified. the nucleot ...19959158798
microbial contamination of pharmacies and hospital wards environment and its influence on the purity of prescription preparations during their production process as well as their application.microbiological contamination of such environmental factors as air, surfaces of equipment, walls, floors and personnel gloves in two hospital pharmacies and different paediatric hospital wards were tested. most surfaces in the areas, where the sterile preparations (eye dosage forms) are prepared, turned out to meet the hygienic requirements, although some bacteria belonging to staphylococci, pseudomonas, acinetobacter were detected. the considerable number of microorganisms from 10(2) up to 10(6 ...19958960239
development and evaluation of two novel oligonucleotide probes based on 16s rrna sequence for the identification of salmonella in foods.dna sequence in the v3 to v6 region of the 16s rrna gene of salmonella enteritidis was determined. by comparison of this sequence with those of escherichia coli and proteus vulgaris obtained from genbank/embl database, three oligonucleotides termed as 16s i, 16s ii and 16s iii were synthesized. hybridization of these oligonucleotides with 325 salmonella isolates and some non-salmonella isolates including the salmonella closely related species of the family of enterobacteriaceae showed that 16s i ...19957538992
site-directed mutagenesis of tyrosine-71 to phenylalanine in citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase: evidence for dual roles of tyrosine-71 as a general acid catalyst in the reaction mechanism and in cofactor binding.tyr71 is an invariant residue in all known sequences of tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl). the substitution of tyr71 in tpl by phenylalanine results in a mutant y71f tpl with no detectable activity (greater than 3 x 10(5)-fold reduction) for beta-elimination of l-tyrosine. y71f tpl can react with s-alkylcysteines, but these substrates exhibit kcat values reduced by 10(3)-10(4)-fold, while the kcat/km values are reduced by 10(2)-10(3)-fold, compared to wild-type tpl. however, for substrates with good l ...19957547970
induction of beta-lactamase production in the anaerobic microflora by cefoxitin. 19957548595
genetic and biochemical characterization of citrobacter rodentium sp. nov.an unusual bacterial pathogen of laboratory mice has been previously classified as an atypical biotype of citrobacter freundii. designated c. freundii biotype 4280, this bacterium is the etiologic agent of transmissible murine clonic hyperplasia. an eaea gene has been shown to be present in this organism and to be necessary for virulence in laboratory mice. however, other biotypes of c. freundii lack dna homology with the eaea gene. because of the recent reclassification in which five named spec ...19957559949
[evaluation of a system of multimicrotests for biochemical identification of enterobacteria (mmt e2) in a controlled epidemiological trial. 2].commercial system of multimicrotests for biochemical identification of enterobacteria mmt e2 and routine tube tests were compared in a controlled epidemiologic experiment with 205 enterobacterial strains. the system has been developed at the allergen research and production amalgamation. system mmt e2 fairly well met the requirements to diagnostic preparations of this kind; its results were compatible and well reproducible. this system in complex with commercial mmt e1 system may be used for spe ...19957757370
no lumbar puncture in the evaluation for early neonatal sepsis: will meningitis be missed?we performed this investigation to assess whether selective approaches to performing lumbar puncture (lp) in the early neonatal period will result in a missed or delayed diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.19957761203
taxonomic diversity of anaerobic glycerol dissimilation in the enterobacteriaceae.a total of 1,123 strains representing 128 taxa in the enterobacteriaceae (named species or subspecies and genomic species) were screened for the presence of glycerol dehydrogenases and 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase. only eight taxa, citrobacter freundii sensu stricto, c. youngae, c. braakii, c. werkmanii, citrobacter genomospecies 10 and 11, enterobacter gergoviae and klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae could grow fermentatively on glycerol and possessed both glycerol dehydrogenase type i (i ...19957569322
use of bioluminescence to model the thermal inactivation of salmonella typhimurium in the presence of a competitive microflora.the survival of salmonella typhimurium was investigated by bioluminescence and standard plating techniques in pure cultures and in the presence of competitors after the cultures were heated to 55 degrees c for increasing lengths of time. decimal reduction (d) values increased from 0.43 to 2.09 min in the presence of 10(8) cfu of competitors ml-1, indicating a significant protective effect.19957574653
a comparison of immunomagnetic separation plus enrichment with conventional salmonella culture in the examination of raw sausages.immunomagnetic separation with additional enrichment was used in conjunction with improved selective media to improve the isolation of salmonellae from raw sausages. the isolation rate achieved was almost double that of conventional culture with no increase in processing time. the selective media gave an overall specificity of approximately 74%; all false-positive pickoffs being identified as citrobacter freundii. it is believed that this method represents a significant advance in the isolation ...19957576516
[biochemical indicators of citrobacter sedlakii].the authors describe eight strains identified biochemically as a new species of c. sedlakii in clinical material, surface water and the cutting surface of a melon. the majority of strains was isolated in the czech and slovak republic.19957670802
national survey of the in vitro spectrum of piperacillin-tazobactam tested against more than 40,000 aerobic clinical isolates from 236 medical centers.hospital microbiology laboratories from 41 states participated in a bacterial antimicrobial susceptibility study comparing in vitro results generated by the standardized disk diffusion method. over 41,000 freshly isolated aerobic and facultative strains, representing all specimen types (except stools and urines), were tested for their susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam and 21 other antimicrobial agents. enterococcus spp. was the second or third most common isolate from intraabdominal, gyn ...19957648835
control of infection with multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria in a hospital renal unit: the value of plasmid characterization.an outbreak of infections due to multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria took place over a period of approximately 18 months in a renal unit. strains of escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter spp. and pseudomonas spp. were involved, and a variety of antibiotic resistances was encountered. closely related plasmids encoding resistance to aztreonam, ceftazidime and piperacillin, possibly derived from an archetypal plasmid of 105 kb were found in the majority of ...19957641839
role of citrate as a complexing ligand which permits enzymically-mediated uranyl ion bioaccumulation. 19957647506
[use of imipenem in the treatment of patients with surgical infection].the efficacy of thienam, a product of merck, sharp and dohme (usa) composed of imipenem and cylastatin was studied in the treatment of 52 patients with surgical infection. in 48 and 4 patients the drug was used therapeutically and prophylactically respectively. when the drug was used therapeutically the recovery and improvement were observed in 41 out of 44 patients (93.2 per cent), 4 patients being excluded from the treatment group because of adverse reactions such as hyperthermia and skin erup ...19957654100
cloning, sequencing, and expression of the arae gene of klebsiella oxytoca 8017, which encodes arabinose-h+ symport activity.southern analysis of the genomic dna from species of the family enterobacteriaceae, using a probe derived from the escherichia coli arae gene, which encodes an arabinose-h+ symporter, detected arae in salmonella, citrobacter, klebsiella, and enterobacter spp. the klebsiella oxytoca arae gene was cloned, sequenced, and expressed to compare its properties with those of arae from e. coli.19957665532
biochemical and molecular characterization of the oxidative branch of glycerol utilization by citrobacter freundii.glycerol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.6) and dihydroxyacetone kinase (ec 2.7.1.29) were purified from citrobacter freundii. the dehydrogenase is a hexamer of a polypeptide of 43,000 da. the enzyme exhibited a rather broad substrate specificity, but glycerol was the preferred substrate in the physiological direction. the apparent kms of the enzyme for glycerol and nad+ were 1.27 mm and 57 microm, respectively. the kinase is a dimer of a polypeptide of 57,000 da. the enzyme was highly specific for the ...19957635824
characterization of an lysr family protein, smer from serratia marcescens s6, its effect on expression of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase sme-1, and comparison of this regulator with other beta-lactamase regulators.serratia marcescens s6 produces a chromosomally encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase, sme-1 (t. naas, l. vandel, w. sougakoff, d. m. livermore, and p. nordmann, antimicrob. agents chemother. 38:1262-1270, 1994). upstream from smea we identified a second open reading frame (embl accession number z30237). this encodes a 33.1-kda protein, smer, which has a high degree of homology with nmcr, the lysr regulatory protein of the only other sequenced carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta- ...19957793864
effect of oxytetracycline-medicated feed on antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria in catfish ponds.the effect of oxytetracycline-medicated feeds on antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria from fish intestines and water in catfish ponds was investigated. in experiments in the fall and spring, using ponds with no previous history of antibiotic usage, percentages of tetracycline-resistant bacteria in catfish intestines obtained from medicated ponds increased significantly after 10 days of treatment. in the fall, resistance of the intestinal and aquatic bacteria returned to pretreatment l ...19957793953
phosphatase production and activity in citrobacter freundii and a naturally occurring, heavy-metal-accumulating citrobacter sp.the ability of a naturally occurring citrobacter sp. to accumulate cadmium has been attributed to cellular precipitation of cdhpo4, utilizing hpo4(2-) liberated via the activity of an overproduced, cd-resistant acid-type phosphatase. phosphatase production and heavy metal accumulation by batch cultures of this strain (n14) and a phosphatase-deficient mutant were compared with two reference strains of citrobacter freundii. only strain n14 expressed a high level of acid phosphatase and accumulated ...19957582003
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1989). iii. secular changes in susceptibility].susceptibilities of citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia spp. isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (utis) in 10 hospitals during june 1989 to may 1990 to various antimicrobial agents were compared with those in the same period of previous years according to a classification, uncomplicated utis, complicated utis without indwelling catheter, and complicated utis with indwelling catheter. as for c ...19957474335
the 3'-terminal half of the btub gene of citrobacter freundii defines essential residues and supports a topological model for the outer membrane receptor. 19957476175
characterization of hafnia alvei by biochemical tests, random amplified polymorphic dna pcr, and partial sequencing of 16s rrna gene.hafnia alvei strains which possess the attachment-effacement gene (eaea) may have clinical importance as new diarrhea-causing pathogens and should therefore be differentiated from other h. alvei strains. we characterized diarrheal h. alvei strains, which were positive in the pcr test for the eaea gene, using biochemical tests not routinely used for identification of members of the family enterobacteriaceae, and compared them with eaea-negative strains isolated from different clinical and nonclin ...19957494030
[orbital cellulitis as a sequela of paranasal sinusitis]. 19957477574
isolation and sequence analysis of rpoh genes encoding sigma 32 homologs from gram negative bacteria: conserved mrna and protein segments for heat shock regulation.the rpoh genes encoding homologs of escherichia coli sigma 32 (heat shock sigma factor) were isolated and sequenced from five gram negative proteobacteria (gamma or alpha subgroup): enterobacter cloacae (gamma), serratia marcescens (gamma), proteus mirabilis (gamma), agrobacterium tumefaciens (alpha) and zymomonas mobilis (alpha). comparison of these and three known genes from e.coli (gamma), citrobacter freundii (gamma) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (gamma) revealed marked similarities that should ...19957501460
ceftibuten: a review of antimicrobial activity, spectrum and other microbiologic features.ceftibuten is a new, orally administered cephalosporin with exceptional beta-lactamase stability and potency against commonly isolated gram-negative pathogens. more than 90% of recent enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates were inhibited by < or = 8 micrograms/ml of ceftibuten. in only five enteric species (citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, serratia marcescens) were more than 15% of strains resistant (minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic, wi ...19957567314
in vitro antibacterial activities of fk037: a new parenteral cephalosporin.the antibacterial and bactericidal activities and the stability of fk037 to beta-lactamases were investigated and compared with those of cefpirome, flomoxef, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, and vancomycin. against clinical isolates of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, fk037 was less active than vancomycin but more potent than the other drugs tested. among highly methicillin-resistant staphylococci (mic for methicillin: 200 mg/l or higher), none of the strains were ...19957555206
effects of tazobactam on the frequency of the emergence of resistant strains from enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and proteus vulgaris (beta-lactamase derepressed mutants).when enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and proteus vulgaris were treated with piperacillin (pipc) in combination with tazobactam (taz), the in vitro frequency of emergence of resistant strains (beta-lactamase producing mutants) was lower than with pipc or ceftazidime (caz) treated bacteria. in a mouse intraperitoneal infection model caused by e. cloacae, beta-lactamase derepressed mutants were detected following therapy with pipc or caz, although no derepressed mutants were detected af ...19957592048
multicentre comparative study on the antibacterial activity of fk-037, a new parenteral cephalosporin.the in vitro antibacterial activity of fk-037, a new parenteral cephalosporin structurally related to cefpirome and cefepime, was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, cefpirome, cefepime, imipenem and meropenem against 1,837 clinical isolates obtained from three spanish hospitals. fk-037 inhibited 90% of enterobacteriaceae isolates at < or = 0.25 microgram/ml, with the exception of enterobacter aerogenes (mic90 1 microgram/ml), enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii ( ...19957614970
comparative evaluation of orally active antibiotics against community-acquired pathogens: a multi-center study in five mediterranean countries.in 5 mediterranean countries 7902 pathogens, all isolated in 1992 and 1993 from community-acquired infections, were studied for susceptibility to the following orally active antibiotics: penicillin g, ampicillin, ampicillin + sulbactam, amoxycillin + clavulanic acid (both 2:1 ratio), cefalexin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefetamet, doxycycline and erythromycin. ten centers in italy, 4 centers in greece, 3 centers in spain, and 1 center in lebanon and saudi arabia contributed to this study; all center ...19957629552
the nickel resistance determinant cloned from the enterobacterium klebsiella oxytoca: conjugational transfer, expression, regulation and dna homologies to various nickel-resistant bacteria.klebsiella oxytoca strain ccug 15788, isolated from a mineral oil emulsion tank in göteborg, sweden, was found to be nickel-resistant (tolerating 10 mm nicl2 in non-complexing mineral-gluconate media; inducible resistance). the nickel resistance determinants were transferred by helper-assisted conjugation to various strains of escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii and expressed to between 5 and 10 mm nicl2. a 4.3 kb hindiii fragment was cloned from the genomic dna of k. oxytoca. ligated into ...19957865994
gcva, a lysr-type transcriptional regulator protein, activates expression of the cloned citrobacter freundii ampc beta-lactamase gene in escherichia coli: cross-talk between dna-binding proteins.escherichia coli jrg582 is an ampd ampe deletion derivative of strain hfrh and accordingly it is derepressed for expression of the cloned inducible beta-lactamase gene of citrobacter freundii, carried on plasmid pnu305. following chemical mutagenesis of jrg582(pnu305) a cefotaxime sensitive mutant was isolated, cs51(pnu305), which produced low levels of beta-lactamase due to a mutation in the host chromosome. two recombinant plasmids containing genomic dna from e. coli hfrh, namely pub5608 and p ...19957704273
bacterial translocation in the rat model of lectin induced diarrhoea.red kidney beans were fed to weanling long-evans rats to cause diarrhoea (mean (sd) faecal wet weight: 2.66 (0.73) g/day in six rats fed beans v 1.12 (0.47) g/day in six control rats, p < 0.01) and increased faecal energy loss (4.87 (0.41) v 2.14 (0.23) kcal/day, p < 0.01). in addition, the rats fed beans had heavier small intestines (80.6 (4.6) v 51.9 (8.4) g/kg body weight, p < 0.01), heavier mesenteric lymph nodes (0.72 (0.27) v 0.08 (0.08) g/kg body weight, p < 0.05), and translocation of in ...19957698696
cloning and primary sequence of the rpoh gene from pseudomonas aeruginosa.a dna fragment from pseudomonas aeruginosa containing the rpoh gene encoding the heat-shock sigma factor sigma 32 has been cloned and sequenced. the gene is expressed in escherichia coli and complements an rpoh- strain. an open reading frame encoding 284 amino acids shows 61% identity and 78% similarity to the rpoh protein of escherichia coli.19957698670
transformation of microorganisms with the plasmid vector with the replicon from pac1 from acetobacter pasteurianus.a number of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria species was screened for the expression of the gram-negative plasmid pack5 and pact72 with replicon of pac1 plasmid from acetobacter pasteurianus. as was described previously, both plasmids were expressed in escherichia coli, acetobacter pasteurianus, acetobacter aceti, shigella spp. and citrobacter spp. expressions of plasmids were successful in twelve species tested, comamonas terrigena, salmonella typhimurium, serratia marcescens, bacillus ...19957832808
[bacteriological and clinical studies of sy5555 in pediatric field].clinical studies were carried out on sy5555, a new oral penem, in the field of pediatrics. the results obtained are summarized below. the clinical efficacies were examined in a total 31 patients consisting of 4 patients with pharyngitis, 10 with purulent tonsillitis, 4 with scarlet fever, 7 with impetigo, one with balanitis, one with cellulitis and 4 with uti. the clinical efficacy rate was 96.8% (30/31). bacteriological efficacies of sy5555 were examined on identified pathogens including 7 stra ...19957745808
third generation cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacilli in the feces of hospitalized children.in view of the widespread use of third generation cephalosporins in hospitalized infants, we attempted to determine whether their use was associated with the emergence of resistance in fecal gram-negative bacilli. stools from infants hospitalized for varying durations were cultured on macconkey agar containing 4 micrograms/ml of cefotaxime. all isolates growing on this medium were identified and their susceptibilities to 29 antimicrobial agents were determined. sixty-five infants were studied of ...19957746715
analysis of bacteriuria in patients with burns.a detailed analysis of bacteriuria in 148 aged patients with burns was made for a period of 2 years (1991-92), in order to determine the incidence of the urine infections they sustained, the sources and mechanisms of the infections and the impact on the course and outcome of the primary disease. urine infection was found in 7.6 per cent (46 patients) of all patients treated for burns during the study period; 39.1 per cent were community acquired uroinfection (cau) and 60.9 per cent were hospital ...19957718115
purification of 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase from citrobacter freundii and cloning, sequencing, and overexpression of the corresponding gene in escherichia coli.1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.202) was purified to homogeneity from citrobacter freundii grown anaerobically on glycerol in continuous culture. the enzyme is an octamer of a polypeptide of 43,400 da. when tested as a dehydrogenase, the enzyme was most active with substrates containing two primary alcohol groups separated by one or two carbon atoms. in the physiological direction, 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde was the preferred substrate. the apparent km values of the enzyme for 3-hydroxypro ...19957721705
induction of beta-lactamase by cefoxitin in anaerobic intestinal microflora.beta-lactamases produced by two anaerobic bacterial strains, bacteroides ovatus ax34:1 and clostridium butyricum nbl3, were shown to be significantly inducible under anaerobic conditions in subinhibitory concentrations of cefoxitin. the induction ratio of beta-lactamase production for bacteroides ovatus was 2.6 and for clostridium butyricum 1.6. incubation of faecal samples with different concentrations of cefoxitin did not result in any induction of beta-lactamase production. when adding a high ...19957729448
structural elucidation of the biological repeating unit of o-specific polysaccharide from citrobacter serotype o41.sugar analysis of the o-specific polysaccharide produced by citrobacter serotype o41 revealed the presence of a hexasaccharide repeating unit, which includes the unusual 3-amino-n-(d-3'-hydroxybutyryl)-3,6-dideoxy-d-galactosyl residue (fuc3nacyl). the structure of the repeating unit was determined by extensive use of homo- and heteronuclear two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy, including the application of long-range 1h-13c correlation experiments and noe studies to establish the sequence of sugar u ...19957744044
site-directed mutagenesis of his343-->ala in citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase. effects on the kinetic mechanism and rate-determining step.his343 in citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase is conserved in all known sequences of both tyrosine phenol-lyase and tryptophan indole-lyase; it is located near the active-site lys257 in c. freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase [antson, a. a., demidkina, t. v., gollnick, p., danter, z., von tersch, r.l., long, j., berezhnoy, s. n., phillips, r. s., harutyunyan, e. h. & wilson, k. s. (1993) biochemistry 32, 4195--4206]. in order to evaluate the role of his343 in the reaction mechanism of tyrosine ...19957744078
ability of commercial identification systems to identify newly recognized species of citrobacter.the genus citrobacter was recently determined to contain 11 genetically distinct species. in addition, the international committee on systematic bacteriology no longer recognizes c. diversus and has, instead, validated the name c. koseri in its place. the 11 species are c. freundii, c. koseri, c. amalonaticus, c. farmeri, c. youngae, c. braakii, c. werkmanii, c. sedlakii, and three unnamed groups, genomospecies 9, 10, and 11. to determine the ease with which some identification systems could res ...19957699052
purification and properties of crystalline 3-methylaspartase from two facultative anaerobes, citrobacter sp. strain yg-0504 and morganella morganii strain yg-0601.3-methylaspartase (3-methylaspartate ammonia-lyase, ec 4.3.1.2) from two facultative anaerobes from soil, citrobacter sp. strain yg-0504 and morganella morganii strain yg-0601, were purified and crystallized from their crude extracts. both of the citrobacter and morganella enzymes appeared to be a dimer of subunits of m(r) 40,000 and 44,000, respectively. the enzymes had similar enzymological properties: optimum ph for the deamination reaction of (2s,3s)-3-methylaspartic acid, substrate specific ...19957765982
the signal transducer encoded by ampg is essential for induction of chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase in escherichia coli by beta-lactam antibiotics and 'unspecific' inducers.chemical mutagenesis of the ampc beta-lactamase-hyperinducible escherichia coli strain sn0301/pnu305 carrying the cloned ampc and ampr genes from citrobacter freundii os60 gave four independent mutants in which beta-lactamase was no longer inducible, or was inducible only to a low level, by beta-lactam antibiotics. the genes ampc, ampr, ampd and ampe, which were essential for beta-lactamase induction, were functional in these mutants. in all four mutants, the sites of mutation were mapped to 9.9 ...19957773404
verotoxinogenic citrobacter freundii associated with severe gastroenteritis and cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in a nursery school: green butter as the infection source.a summer outbreak of severe gastroenteritis followed by haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a nursery school and kindergarten is described. sandwiches prepared with green butter made with contaminated parsley were the likely vehicle of infection. the parsley originated from an organic garden in which manure of pig origin was used instead of artificial fertilizers. clonally identical verotoxinogenic citrobacter freundii were found as causative agents of hu ...19957781732
ampd, essential for both beta-lactamase regulation and cell wall recycling, is a novel cytosolic n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase.in enterobacteria, the ampd gene encodes a cytosolic protein which acts as a negative regulator of beta-lactamase expression. it is shown here that the ampd protein is a novel n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase (e.c.3.5.1.28) participating in the intracellular recycling of peptidoglycan fragments. surprisingly, ampd exhibits an exclusive specificity for substrates containing anhydro muramic acid. this anhydro bond is mainly found in the peptidoglycan degradation products formed by the periplasmic ...19957783625
role of degp protease on levels of various forms of colicin a lysis protein.the total amount of the colicin a lysis protein produced by cells grown in rich medium was analysed by immunoblotting. the intermediate forms of synthesis of this small lipoprotein were present in the cells at any time of induction, confirming that processing and maturation of colicin a lysis protein are slow and incomplete processes. the level of these various forms varied according to the time of induction, the growth conditions, the producing strain and the plasmid carrying the cal gene. it d ...19957875565
fimh adhesin of type 1 pili is assembled into a fibrillar tip structure in the enterobacteriaceae.type 1 pili are heteropolymeric mannosebinding fibers produced by all members of the enterobacteriaceae family. the bulk of the fiber is composed of fima. two macromolecular complexes responsible for mediating an interaction with mannose-containing receptors were purified from fima- escherichia coli by mannose affinity chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. one complex contained only the mannose-binding adhesin, fimh, associated with fimg, a minor component of the type 1 pilus. in the o ...19957892228
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1991). i. susceptibility distribution].the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 751 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in 11 hospitals during the period of june 1991 to may 1992. of the above total bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 28.6% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 71.4% and most of them were escherichia coli. 1. enterococcus faecalis ampicillin (abpc), imipenem ( ...19958544337
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1992). i. susceptibility distribution].the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 732 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in 11 hospitals during the period of june 1992 to may 1993. of the above total bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 35.4% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 64.6% and most of them were escherichia coli. 1. enterococcus faecalis ampicillin (abpc), imipenem ( ...19958558754
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1990). i. susceptibility distribution].the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 848 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in 10 hospitals during the period of june 1990 to may 1991. of the above total bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 23.9% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 76.1% and most of them were escherichia coli. 1. enterococcus faecalis: ampicillin (abpc), imipenem ...19958544334
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1990). iii. secular changes in susceptibility].susceptibilities of enterococcus faecalis, citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia spp. isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (utis) in 10 hospitals during june 1990 to may 1991 to various antimicrobial agents were compared with those in the same period of previous years according to a classification, uncomplicated utis, complicated utis without indwelling catheter, and complicated utis with indwel ...19958544336
role of the viab locus in synthesis, transport and expression of salmonella typhi vi antigen.the vi antigen is a capsular polysaccharide expressed by salmonella typhi, the agent of human typhoid fever. expression of this antigen is controlled by the viaa and viab chromosomal loci. the viab locus is composed of 11 genes designated tvia-tvie (typhi vi), vexa-vexe (vi antigen export) and orf11. we constructed s. typhi ty2 strains carrying non-polar mutations in ten genes located at the viab locus and examined the individual contribution of each gene to vi phenotype. phenotypes of the mutan ...19958574397
dna sequence differences of ampd mutants of citrobacter freundii.three groups of mutants with increased levels of beta-lactamase synthesis were selected from citrobacter freundii 382010 by beta-lactam antibiotics at concentrations just above the mic. uninduced cultures of the hyperinducible group had 3- to 5-fold more beta-lactamase activity than the parent strain, with one mutant (termed type b) expressing 19 times the activity of the parent strain; the partially derepressed group had a relative 55-fold increase, while fully derepressed strains exhibited a 4 ...19958585732
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1993). iii. secular changes in susceptibility].susceptibilities of enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia spp. isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (utis) in 10 hospitals during june 1993 to may 1994 to various antimicrobial agents were compared with those in the same period of previous years according to a classification, uncomplicated utis, complicated utis without indwelling catheter, and co ...19958587162
structure of the o-specific polysaccharide chain of citrobacter freundii o28,1c lipopolysaccharide. 19958593629
[evaluation of the usefulness of tests for production of beta-d-glucuronidase and propylene glycol utilization for the differentiation of enterobacteriaceae rods].the aim of the study was to inquire about the diagnostic usefulness of determining the activity of glucuronidase and utilisation of propylene glycol in enterobacteriaceae rods. the study included 1511 strains: 411- e. coli, 278 - klebsiella, 231 - salmonella, 159 - yersinia, 97 - citrobacter, 75 - shigella and 260 strains representing 6 other kinds of enteric rods. determination was performed in a liquid medium containing in 1 ml 25 mcg mug and 100 mcg onpg. propylene glycol (pg) utilisation was ...19958833927
molecular epidemiology of ceftazidime resistant enterobacteriaceae from patients on a paediatric oncology ward.between the autumn of 1989 and january 1990, 21 of the 44 children on the paediatric oncology ward of st. james's university hospital, leeds, uk were infected or colonised with enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. this represents 48% of the patients on the ward. only six patients (14%) had microbiologically proven septicaemia caused by such bacteria during this period. eighty-one isolates of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases derived from bl ...19958537285
a comparative study of the bbl crystal enteric/nonfermenter identification system and the biomerieux api20e and api20ne identification systems after overnight incubation.the bbl crystal enteric/nonfermenter (crystal, becton dickinson microbiology systems) is a new multi-test identification system for gram negative rods requiring no oil overlay or addition of reagents. one hundred and three selected gram negative rod isolates from routine clinical specimens were tested in parallel using the appropriate api20e or api20ne (biomerieux) reading after overnight incubation. the isolates included in the study, and the number tested, were as follows: acinetobacter sp, 8; ...19958771156
[utility of pyrrolidonyl-arylamidase detection for typing enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria].detection of pyrrolidonyl-aryl-amidase activity (pyr) is an important tool to identify gram-positive cocci, such as staphylococci, enterococci, streptococci, and other related genera. however, only few studies evaluating its usefulness with gram-negative rods have been published. thus, a prospective study including 542 and 215 unique clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative gram-negative rods, respectively, was undertaken. strains were identified by conventional methods. pyr ...19958850133
beta-d-glucuronidase activity among prototrophic and auxotrophic variants of escherichia coli and other enterobacteriaceae commonly implicated in urinary tract infections.glucuronidase (gud) activity of 102 prototrophic, 91 cysteine-requiring, and 19 thymidine-requiring strains of escherichia coli was examined using growth from macconkey, cled, and enriched brain heart infusion (bhi) agars. after 24 h incubation, gud activity was detected in 92%-96% of prototrophic strains and a similar proportion of thymidine-requiring strains with most reactions detectable in shorter incubation periods. gud activity among strains requiring cysteine was significantly less than t ...19958565414
tolerance to acid in ph 5.0-grown organisms of potentially pathogenic gram-negative bacteria.a wide range of potentially pathogenic species of gram-negative bacteria were far more resistant to extreme acidity (ph 2.0-3.5) when cultured at ph 5.0 (habituated to acid) than after ph 7.0 culture. the differences were particularly great for citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., klebsiella spp. and for vibrio parahaemolyticus; substantial habituation was also observed for proteus mirabilis and aeromonas formicans but the effect was less marked for serratia marcescens and acinetobacter calcoace ...19958554762
cloning and nucleotide sequence of a gene upstream of the eaea gene of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7.a dna segment located immediately upstream of the eaea gene of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 strain ha1 was cloned and sequenced. this segment contained an open reading frame encoding a predicted protein of 156 amino acids. a database search identified similar open reading frames upstream of the eaea gene in two other bacterial pathogens, i.e. enteropathogenic e. coli and citrobacter freundii. the predicted amino acid sequence of the enterohemorrhagic e. coli protein shared 96.8% an ...19958566710
vertical transmission of citrobacter diversus documented by dna fingerprinting.to confirm the vertical transmission of citrobacter diversus from a mother to her infant and to evaluate the epidemiologic usefulness of a new automated procedure for analysis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-generated dna fingerprints.19958568200
polymicrobial gram-negative bacteremia associated with saline solution flush used with a needleless intravenous system.during a 2-week period, seven cases of nosocomial polymicrobial gram-negative rod bacteremia occurred on a 39-bed medical and cardiac step-down unit. combinations of enterobacter cloacae (seven isolates), klebsiella pneumoniae (five isolates), and citrobacter freundii (two isolates) were isolated from blood cultures.19958821111
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1991). iii. secular changes in susceptibility].susceptibilities of enterococcus faecalis, citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia spp. isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (utis) in 11 hospitals during june 1991 to may 1992 to various antimicrobial agents were compared with those in the same period of previous years according to a classification, uncomplicated utis, complicated utis without indwelling catheter, and complicated utis with ind ...19958544339
bacteria in surface infections of neonates.a bacteriological work on surface infections was done among live births (study group i) and neonates admitted in hospital (study group ii). out of 134 cases of conjunctivitis in group i gram-negative bacilli predominated (48.5%) with escherichia coli accounting for 29 (14.9%) cases, klebsiella species 15 (11.2%) cases, citrobacter freundii 3 (2.2%) cases, pseudomons aeruginosa 18 (13.4%) cases and aeromonas hydrophila 3 (2.2%) amongst pure isolates (73.9%). gonococcus was noted in 2 (1.5%) cases ...19958699037
[an additional test in the identification of enterobacteriaceae and some representatives of the genus vibrio].an additional test: aerobic redox fermentation in semiliquid hiss' medium with mannitol is recommended for the indication of enterobacteriaceae, vibrio, etc. the majority of mannite-fermenting enterobacteria change the color of the indicator in a thin upper layer of a column of semiliquid hiss' medium in comparison with the bulk of medium after 20-24 h growth in it. such changes of the indicator are never observed with shigella, salmonella, vibrio bacteria of the studied strains, yersinia, some ...19958689063
[clinical and laboratory significance of inducible beta-lactamases].many species of bacteria have inducible expression of beta-lactamase and the enzyme production in these bacteria is normally held at a low level by a repressor mechanism, but in the presence of a beta-lactamase inducer this repression is lifted and enzyme production is greatly increased. inducible synthesis of beta-lactamase was first described for the gram-positive organism bacillus licheniformis. after that inducible expression of beta-lactamase was discovered in gram-negative bacteria like en ...19958643019
antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase among clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria in riyadh.the activity of ciprofloxacin, imipenem and 12 other commonly used antibiotics was evaluated against 106 documented clinical isolates from a medical intensive care unit (icu). the resistance rates to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, aztreonam and ceftazidime were 42, 25, 24 and 21%, respectively. apart from pseudomonas aeruginosa, all isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and imipenem. complete cross resistance among tested beta-lactam groups was uniformly evident in enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter ...19958667034
detection of escherichia coli in potable water using direct impedance technology.direct impedance measurement utilizing a medium previously described as being specific for escherichia coli and which contains trimethylamine n-oxide (tmao) and glucuronic acid was used to detect e. coli in water samples. the system was compared with the colilert presence/absence test and the united kingdom standard membrane filtration technique using membrane lauryl sulphate broth. the impedance method correlated well with both the traditional membrane method (93%) and the colilert method (93.9 ...19958557618
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1992). iii. secular changes in susceptibility].susceptibilities of enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia spp. isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (utis) in 11 hospitals during june 1992 to may 1993 to various antimicrobial agents were compared with those in the same period of previous years according to a classification, uncomplicated utis, complicated utis without indwelling catheter, and co ...19958558756
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1993). i. susceptibility distribution].the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 657 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in 10 hospitals during the period of june 1993 to may 1994. of the above total bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 28.3% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 71.7% and most of them were escherichia coli. 1. enterococcus faecalis ampicillin (abpc), imipenem ( ...19958558757
slya, a regulatory protein from salmonella typhimurium, induces a haemolytic and pore-forming protein in escherichia coli.a chromosomal fragment from salmonella typhimurium, when cloned in escherichia coli, generates a haemolytic phenotype. this fragment carries two genes, termed slya and slyb. the expression of slya is sufficient for the haemolytic phenotype. the haemolytic activity of e. coli carrying multiple copies of slya is found mainly in the cytoplasm, with some in the periplasm of cells grown to stationary phase, but overexpression of slyb, a 15 kda lipoprotein probably located in the outer membrane, may l ...19958544813
citrobacter sepsis in infants. 19958613295
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