Publications

nucleotide sequence of a citrate utilization gene from citrobacter amalonaticus.	the chromosomal dna fragment (bamhi-bglii fragment of 2,972 base pairs) conferring citrate utilization in citrobacter amalonaticus atcc 25405 was cloned and sequenced. two genes (cita and citb) identified in the cit+ determinant were found in a bamhi-bglii fragment from c. amalonaticus. southern dna-dna hybridization experiments and the construction of cit- mutants of c. amalonaticus showed that c. amalonaticus has a single copy of the cit gene on the chromosome.	1989	2644212
the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in three species of the enterobacteriaceae and the relation to consumption of antimicrobial agents in odense university hospital.		1989	2645094
[the rapid identification of escherichia coli using bactident e. coli].	165 (93.7%) of 175 e. coli strains isolated from various materials of different animal species were correctly identified as e. coli with help of commercially available bactident e. coli (e. merck, d-6100 darmstadt). further 52 strains of the family of enterobacteriaceae (2x providencia sp., 2x salmonella sp., 7 citrobacter sp., 9 proteus sp., 15 klebsiella sp., 17 enterobacter sp.) were correctly not identified as e. coli by this test. bactident e. coli is a suitable test for rapid identificatio ...	1989	2647078
bacterial hydrophobicity, an overall parameter for the measurement of adhesion potential to soil particles.	the adhesion of salmonella typhimurium to the mineral particles quartz, albite, feldspar, and magnetite was shown to correlate with the hydrophobicity of the cell surface as measured by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the same effects were also seen for seven other selected test strains, including streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus faecium, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, shigella sonnei, and shigella boydii. when the test strain of salmonella typhimurium, was repeatedly culti ...	1989	2650618
comparison of methods for enumeration of selected coliforms exposed to ozone.	mt7 medium performed no better than m-endo medium in enumerating cells of escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii exposed to ozone. also, there was no difference in the plate count of heterotrophic bacteria in ozonated raw water determined on modified henrici agar or r2a agar. statistically significant differences were seen between bacteria and the type of water in which they were suspended during ozonation.	1989	2650621
chromosomal beta-lactamase of klebsiella oxytoca, a new class a enzyme that hydrolyzes broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics.	the chromosomally encoded beta-lactamase gene of klebsiella oxytoca e23004, a strain resistant to cefoperazone and aztreonam, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli hb101. the molecular mass and pi of this enzyme were 28 kilodaltons and 7.4, respectively. although the beta-lactamase of k. oxytoca hydrolyzed many cephalosporins, including broad-spectrum drugs, the nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence lacked homology with chromosomal class c beta-lactamase genes (ampc) of e. c ...	1989	2653216
review of the in-vitro spectrum and characteristics of cefmetazole (cs-1170).	the in-vitro antimicrobial qualities of cefmetazole are summarized from a review of over 30 publications. cefmetazole, a 7 alpha-methoxy cephalosporin, is shown to have an antimicrobial spectrum closely resembling cefoxitin's. however, cefmetazole is approximately two- to eight-fold more active than cefoxitin against commonly isolated species such as escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus mirabilis, staphylococcus aureus, pyogenic streptococci, pneumococci, and haemophilus influenzae. cefmet ...	1989	2656622
effects of beta-lactamases and omp mutation on susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics in escherichia coli.	four types of beta-lactamases consisting of a penicillinase type i (tem-1), a penicillinase type ii (oxa-1), a cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii, and a cephalosporinase of proteus vulgaris were introduced into escherichia coli mc4100 and its omp mutants, mh1160 (mc4100 ompr1) and mh760 (mc4100 ompr2), by transformation. effects of the combination of the omp mutations and these beta-lactamases on the susceptibility of e. coli strains were studied with 15 beta-lactam antibiotics including c ...	1989	2658786
interaction of cefpirome and a cephalosporinase from citrobacter freundii gn7391.	the interaction of cefpirome and a cephalosporinase from citrobacter freundii, including hydrolysis and inhibition, was studied in comparison with those of cefotiam, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. cefpirome was hydrolyzed by the enzyme more rapidly at vmax than were cefotaxime and ceftazidime. however, the low affinity of the enzyme for cefpirome caused a reduction in the hydrolytic rate of cefpirome at a low drug concentration (0.1 microm). the high stability of cefpirome at a low concentration e ...	1989	2658787
enhancement of the infectivity of fusobacterium necrophorum by other bacteria.	necrobacillosis is caused by fusobacterium necrophorum (fn), but other organisms are often present in the lesions. their possible role was studied in experiments made with a virulent fn strain which, by itself, produced fatal necrobacillosis in mice provided that large doses (greater than 10(6) organisms, subcutaneously) were given. mice were inoculated subcutaneously with fn suspended in sub-lethal doses (0.1 ml) of undiluted or diluted broth cultures of other bacteria. undiluted culture of a s ...	1989	2661253
comparison of the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cefepime (bmy-28142) with ceftazidime, cefuzonam, cefotaxime and cefmenoxime.	cefepime (bmy-28142), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, was evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities in comparison with ceftazidime, cefuzonam, cefotaxime and cefmenoxime. cefepime showed a well-balanced, broad spectrum of activity against a number of clinical isolates collected in japan. the activity of cefepime against gram-positive bacteria was several times greater than that of ceftazidime, nearly comparable to cefotaxime and cefmenoxime, and slightly weaker than cefuzona ...	1989	2663406
[susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents. a study mainly focused on ofloxacin (the second report). reported by the research group for testing ofloxacin susceptibility on clinical isolates].	susceptibilities of various clinical isolates to ofloxacin (oflx) and other antibacterial drugs were examined at 128 hospital laboratories in 36 prefectures throughout japan between april, 1986 and march, 1987. the results were totalized with an emphasis mainly on oflx and were compared with data obtained in the previous year. in this study, identification and susceptibility tests of the isolates were carried out at each hospital laboratory and the tests were performed according to the 1-dilutio ...	1989	2664255
nucleotide sequence for the htpr gene from citrobacter freundii.		1989	2664713
epidemiologic marker system for citrobacter diversus using outer membrane protein profiles.	investigations of nursery outbreaks of citrobacter diversus sepsis and meningitis have been hampered by lack of adequate epidemiologic markers for the organism. we studied outer membrane protein profiles from clinical isolates of c. diversus by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine whether this method might be useful in the epidemiologic differentiation of strains. paired cerebrospinal fluid isolates from each of three separate nursery outbreaks of c. diversus me ...	1989	2671030
[microbial contamination of water by pipe and tube materials. 3. behavior of e. coli, citrobacter freundii and klebsiella pneumoniae].	materials water comes into contact with can promote the microbial growth as it could be shown before. the reaction of an unspecific microorganism flora and of legionella pneumophila in pipes and hoses has been described in the two previous communications. the investigation with l. pneumophila has shown that even a pathogen organism can grow upon the materials. therefore it was of special interest to prove whether indicator organisms for the testing of drinking water can grow in pipes and hoses a ...	1989	2673263
mutagenic dna repair genes on plasmids from the 'pre-antibiotic era'.	resistance transfer factors are natural conjugative plasmids encoding antibiotic resistance. some also encode mutagenic dna repair genes giving resistance to dna damage and induced mutagenesis. it has been shown that antibiotic resistance has been acquired by recent transposition events; however, we show here that mutagenic repair genes existed much earlier on these types of plasmids. conjugative plasmids from eight incompatibility groups from the murray collection of 'pre-antibiotic era' entero ...	1989	2674658
comparative in vitro activity of a new quinolone, am-1091.	the in vitro activity of a new quinolone, am-1091 [7-(3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro- 4-oxo- 3-quinoline carboxylic acid hydrochloride], was compared with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, beta-lactams, and gentamicin. am-1091 inhibited 90% of the isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 0.12 micrograms/ml. for many species am-1091 was 2-fold more active than ciprofloxacin and 2- to 32-fold more active than ofloxacin. it inhibited e ...	1989	2675753
penicillin-binding protein 2 is required for induction of the citrobacter freundii class i chromosomal beta-lactamase in escherichia coli.	involvement of escherichia coli penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) in induction of the cloned ampc citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase by 6-aminopenicillanic acid was investigated. the enzyme was not inducible at 42 degrees c in a mutant thermosensitive for expression of pbp 2. the results imply that pbp 2 is involved in the process leading to induction of ampc.	1989	2675758
in-vitro activity of fce 22101 and other beta-lactam antibiotics against enterobacteriaceae resistant to third generation cephalosporins.	the in-vitro activity of fce 22101 was compared with those of imipenem, aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and latamoxef against 225 enterobacteriaceae (209 clinical isolates and 16 derivatives of escherichia coli k12) chosen for their resistance (mic greater than or equal to 8 mg/l) to third-generation cephalosporins. the beta-lactamases produced by the strains of enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae and esch. coli were identified. the mean mics of fce 22101 were 2-8 mg/l for ent. cloaca ...	1989	2676939
in vitro and in vivo activities of qa-241, a new tricyclic quinolone derivative.	the in vitro susceptibilities of 1,310 clinical isolates to qa-241, a novel tricyclic quinolone, were evaluated in comparison with susceptibilities to norfloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, and ciprofloxacin. the mics of qa-241 for 90% of staphylococci, enterococcus faecalis isolates, and streptococcal species ranged from 1.56 to 6.25 micrograms/ml, and the activity of qa-241 was similar to those of norfloxacin and enoxacin but two to four times less potent than those of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. ...	1989	2679369
[acute necrotizing cholecystitis in infancy: report of a case].	we present a case-report of a six weeks old premature baby who developed acute acalculous gangrenous cholecystitis related to septicemia due to citrobacter freundii. we analyze other etiological factors and remark the importance of physical examination and ultrasonographic exploration of the biliary tract. early cholecystectomy is suggested.	1989	2679664
in-vitro activity of meropenem against clinical isolates in a multicentre study in italy.	a multicentre in-vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated in different italian hospitals to meropenem. a total of 1399 aerobic and 452 anaerobic strains was analysed. comparative agents were imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, plus vancomycin when appropriate. the mic ranges (mg/l) of meropenem were: 0.015-2 for klebsiella spp., proteus spp., morganella morganii and providencia spp.; l ...	1989	2681128
evaluation of spectrum-10 system for identification of members of the family enterobacteriaceae.	a total of 378 isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae were tested with conventional biochemical tests and with the spectrum-10 identification system. of these, 97.4% were correctly identified to the species level by using the seven-digit profile of spectrum-10. the preliminary four-digit profile provided the correct species for 61.1% and the correct genus for 79.4% of the strains. most misidentifications were observed with aberrant biotypes of citrobacter freundii.	1989	2685033
sequence motifs characteristic of dna[cytosine-n4]methyltransferases: similarity to adenine and cytosine-c5 dna-methylases.	the sequences coding for dna[cytosine-n4]methyltransferases mvai (from micrococcus varians rfl19) and cfr9i (from citrobacter freundii rfl9) have been determined. the predicted methylases are proteins of 454 and 300 amino acids, respectively. primary structure comparison of m.cfr9i and another m4c-forming methylase, m.pvu ii, revealed extended regions of homology. the sequence comparison of the three dna[cytosine-n4]-methylases using originally developed software revealed two conserved patterns, ...	1989	2690010
ticarcillin/clavulanate in the treatment of severe peritonitis.	a prospective study was performed on 50 consecutive patients with secondary peritonitis. all patients received ticarcillin/clavulanate 5.2 g three times daily as initial antibiotic therapy. in 30 patients a primary perforation was found in the gastro-intestinal tract and 20 had post-operative peritonitis. in two thirds of the patients a diffuse peritonitis was found which affected the whole abdomen. thirty-six patients underwent one or two laparotomies and 11 patients had more than three laparot ...	1989	2691475
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1986). i. susceptibility distribution].	susceptibilities to various antibacterial and antibiotic agents of bacterial strains isolated from urinary tract infections at 8 hospitals in japan from july to october in 1986 are summarized as follows. 1. enterococcus faecalis was susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (st) and imipenem (ipm) with mic90s of 0.78 and 1.56 microgram/ml. minocycline had the strongest activity against staphylococcus aureus; the mics for all strains tested were lower than 0.39 microgram/ml. the mic80s of dicl ...	1989	2691714
a novel, non-invasive promoter probe vector: cloning of the osmoregulated prou promoter of escherichia coli k12.	we have constructed a novel promoter probe plasmid psb40, containing a unique lac-alpha-tetracycline marker gene tandem, which allows for both positive and negative selection of active promoters. promoters cloned in psb40 can be readily mobilized as ecori cassettes. using this vector we have performed a non-invasive analysis of the e. coli chromosome for promoters regulated by osmotic upshift. only one such promoter, subsequently identified as part of the prou operon, was isolated. a sequence of ...	1989	2691837
signalling proteins in enterobacterial ampc beta-lactamase regulation.	the cloned citrobacter freundii ampc beta-lactamase is inducible in the presence of its regulatory gene ampr in escherichia coli (lindberg et al., 1985). the basal level of expression and inducibility are affected by two e. coli proteins encoded by the closely linked ampd and ampe genes. deletion of both genes led to constitutive ampr-dependent overproduction of beta-lactamase, whereas an out-of-frame deletion in ampd caused the basal expression to increase two-fold. this ampd1 mutant was induci ...	1989	2691840
interaction of e1040 with cephalosporinase from citrobacter freundii gn7391.	the interactions of e1040 with cephalosporinase from citrobacter freundii, including affinity and hydrolysis, were studied in comparison with those of cefotaxime and ceftazidime. e1040 showed a higher stability at low drug concentrations and a much lower affinity for the enzyme than did cefotaxime or ceftazidime. these enzymological properties explain the high activity of e1040 against cephalosporinase-producing c. freundii.	1989	2694954
the biochemical differentiation between salmonella and citrobacter.	a number of bacterial isolates which could not be identified as either salmonella or citrobacter by conventional biochemical tests and could not be typed as salmonella with available antisera, were further examined biochemically and by lysis with phage felix 0.1. glycerol-positive salmonellae and lysine-positive citrobacters were encountered, which could be confused with the other genus, but when the reactions of such strains were examined in the other tests, accurate identifications could be do ...	1989	2696917
citrobacter freundii bacteraemia presenting as typhoid fever.	citrobacter infections usually arise opportunistically in immunocompromised persons. we report the case of a young man in whom citrobacter freundii caused a primary invasive illness similar to typhoid fever.	1989	2708832
the structure of the lipopolysaccharide core region of citrobacter 027.	the structure of citrobacter 027 lipopolysaccharide core has been established using sugar and methylation analyses and 1h-nmr spectroscopy, and was shown to be identical to the core described recently in pcm 1487 strain which represents a separate serotype in citrobacter genus.	1989	2721921
sudden unexpected death in a neonate.	a sudden and unexpected death, at 26 hours of age, of a term infant with no identifiable risk factors either in the prenatal or in the immediate neonatal period is described. the most remarkable postmortem findings were confined to the lungs, which had many areas of aspirated amniotic fluid, as well as extensive areas of bronchopneumonia. postmortem cultures of the lung revealed citrobacter freundii. this case is an atypical presentation of this devastating neonatal infection, both because of th ...	1989	2730730
comparative activity of newer antibiotics against gram-negative bacilli.	the in vitro activities of cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin/clavulanate, aztreonam, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin were concurrently determined against over 1,000 isolates of gram-negative bacilli from clinical specimens of patients at the cleveland clinic. cephalosporins, penicillins, and aztreonam were active against species of enterobacteriaceae other than citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, and enterobacter cloacae. ...	1989	2731335
in-vitro interactions of fce 22101 with aminoglycosides against gram-negative rods.	agar dilution mics of fce 22101 were measured for 894 consecutively-isolated gram-negative rods from clinical specimens (413 escherichia coli, 104 klebsiella spp., 54 enterobacter spp., 19 citrobacter spp., 131 proteus spp., 43 acinetobacter spp., 9 serratia spp., 3 providencia spp., 4 yersinia spp., 3 hafnia spp. and 111 pseudomonas spp.). excluding pseudomonas spp., 98% of these isolates were susceptible to 8 mg/l fce 22101. resistance (mic greater than 8 mg/l) varied from 11% in serratia spp. ...	1989	2732132
studies on the microflora associated with xenic cultures of entamoeba gingivalis.	the microflora associated with xenic stock cultures (atcc 30927) of entamoeba gingivalis, the major protozoan of the human oral cavity, were isolated and identified as citrobacter diversus, yersinia enterocolitica, acinetobacter anitratus and pseudomonas maltophilia. in studies to determine whether the bacterial isolates were able to utilize rice starch as a sole carbon source, y. enterocolitica exhibited excellent growth in rice starch minimal medium and tysgm-9 medium (with rice starch), but g ...	1989	2739589
clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin in the therapy of severe infections in high-risk patients.	a clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with imipenem/cilastatin in life-threatening infections in high-risk patients. thirty hospitalized patients (22 men and 8 women), aged 28 to 78 years, with impaired host defences and severe infections were treated with imipenem/cilastatin at a dosage ranging between 1 and 3 g daily i.v. at 8 or 12 h intervals. the average length of therapy was 8.61 +/- 3.14 days. the isolated organisms were as follows: escherichia coli [ ...	1989	2743870
microbiological characterization of dactimicin: antibacterial activity towards gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	dactimicin is the first aminoglycoside antibiotic of dactylosporangium origin, consisting of a pseudo-disaccharide and an amino acid. it has also a formimidoyl moiety instead of the deoxystreptamine found in other aminoglycosides. the authors considered the antibacterial activity of dactimicin compared with amikacin, gentamicin and the fortimicins against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. dactimicin showed remarkable antibacterial activity against all strains tested: in particular the mi ...	1989	2752910
neonatal citrobacter meningitis.		1989	2753536
levels of bacteria, fungi, and endotoxin in bulk and aerosolized corn silage.	three samples of silage taken from the surface of a silo and from depths of 20 and 45 cm in the silo were studied for identification of the potential agents causing symptoms of organic dust toxic syndrome. the samples were examined by dilution plating before and after aerosolization in an acoustical dust generator. aerosol samples were collected by liquid impinger and filter cassettes. the samples were examined for total aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, lactobacilli, ...	1989	2757375
microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care items in egypt--body lotions and talcum powders.	we examined a total of 54 samples, including 18 body lotions and 36 talcum powders, for their total aerobic bacterial, coliform and fungal counts. we also carried out anaerobic bacterial counts for talcum powder as well as tests to detect some potentially hazardous bacteria in all tested samples. talcum powders were more heavily contaminated with bacteria and fungi than body lotions. more than 40% of the tested body lotions contained no viable bacteria or less than 100 c.f.u./g. while all the ta ...	1989	2760119
[effects of sulbactam on the activity of cefoperazone against various clinical isolates].	sulbactam/cefoperazone (sbt/cpz) have been used in clinical infusion at ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 in japan and u.s.a., respectively. after an administration of these drugs as a 1:1 parenteral formulation, the ratio of levels of cpz and sbt in blood was 1:1/4 to 1:1/5 for 1 to 2 hours, whereas the ratio of free, unbound drug levels was 1:1.4 to 1:1.5. in urine these drugs were excreted at a ratio between 1:1 and 1:4 during 6 hours after the infusion. antimicrobial interaction studies using various co ...	1989	2769941
high efficiency transduction of single strand plasmid dna into enteric bacteria.	this report demonstrates high efficiency transduction of enteric bacteria using single strand plasmids packaged in m13 phage capsids. transformation by plasmid dna is usually a very inefficient process in many enteric bacteria other than escherichia coli k12. plasmids carrying an m13 origin of replication can be replicated and packaged when cells carrying such plasmids are infected with m13 or a derivative helper phage. by introducing an f' plasmid into e. coli, serratia marcescens, citrobacter ...	1989	2779519
initial antibiotic therapy for alligator bites: characterization of the oral flora of alligator mississippiensis.	an open thumb fracture resulting from an alligator bite became infected with aeromonas hydrophila, enterobacter agglomerans, and citrobacter diversus. the patient was treated by surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy. we obtained cultures from the mouth of ten alligators to characterize their oral flora. initial empiric therapy after alligator bites should be directed at gram-negative species, in particular, aeromonas hydrophila and anaerobic species including clostridium. of the numerous f ...	1989	2783788
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of the new semisynthetic cephalosporin cefpirome.	cefpirome (hr 810), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative, was found to have a broad antibacterial spectrum against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. against staphylococcus aureus, cefpirome was more active than not only cefotaxime and ceftazidime but also cefotiam. against gram-negative bacteria, especially, enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii, it was also more active than the other antibiotics tested, but against pseudomonas aeruginosa, it was less active than ceftazid ...	1989	2785801
interactions of fce 22101 with class i beta-lactamases.	hyperproduction of chromosomal class i beta-lactamase causes resistance to newer cephalosporins in enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia spp. and indole-positive proteeae. we examined the interactions of fce 22101 with these enzymes, measuring (i) antibiotic lability to pure enzyme, (ii) inducing power and (iii) activity against beta-lactamase-inducible strains and their -depressed and -basal mutants. turnover numbers of fce 22101 were between 0.7 and 1.5 molecules hydrolysed/min/ ...	1989	2786519
in-vitro activity of fce 22101 and synergy studies with other antimicrobial agents.	fce 22101 is a penem antibiotic with broad in-vitro activity similar to that of imipenem, although less active against pseudomonas aeruginosa. combinations of fce 22101 with ciprofloxacin or gentamicin against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staph. epidermidis resulted in addition or indifference by the chequerboard method. the combination of fce 22101 and gentamicin against streptococcus faecalis was usually additive. against enterobacter cloacae fce 22101 ...	1989	2786520
binding of the citrobacter freundii ampr regulator to a single dna site provides both autoregulation and activation of the inducible ampc beta-lactamase gene.	citrobacter freundii encodes an inducible chromosomal beta-lactamase. induction requires the product of the ampr gene, which is transcribed in the opposite orientation from the ampc beta-lactamase gene. we show here that the ampr protein acts as a transcriptional activator by binding to a dna region immediately upstream of the ampc promoter. the dnase i footprint pattern was not affected by growth in the presence of beta-lactam inducer or by the use of extracts prepared from cells carrying the a ...	1989	2786868
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new carbapenem, sm-7338.	sm-7338, a new carbapenem, inhibited most members of the family enterobacteriaceae at mics of 0.015 to 0.25 microgram/ml, including klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, and proteus vulgaris isolates resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, piperacillin, and gentamicin. it was two- to eightfold more active than imipenem, but it inhibited pseudomonas aeruginosa at 1 to 8 micrograms/ml, which was comparable to the activity of imipenem. haemophilus, neisseria, and branhamella ...	1989	2789493
in vitro evaluation of lomefloxacin activity in colombia.	as part of the worldwide in vitro program to determine the antimicrobial activity of lomefloxacin, our study tested susceptibility of bacterial isolates from hospitals in medellin, colombia. a total of 504 bacterial isolates were obtained from patients at three different centers. for enterobacteriaceae, 0.5 micrograms/ml inhibited 100% of the indole-positive proteus and salmonella spp.; 1 microgram/ml inhibited 100% of shigella and citrobacter, 2 microgram/ml inhibited 100% of enterobacter spp., ...	1989	2791498
[the ratios and kinds of clinical bacteria isolated in taiwan's large-size hospitals].	the prevalence of clinical bacteria, as isolated from linko chang-gung memorial hospital (2,300 beds) in the period january 1985 to december 1986 and from taipei veterans general hospital (2,300 beds) during the period january 1986 to december 1986, was analyzed with the following findings: (i) the isolation ratio of anaerobic and aerobic or facultative bactria during the period of investigation were 7.8% (5,513/70,799) and 92.2% (65,286/70,799), respectively. (ii) of the total aerobic or facult ...	1989	2791722
[clinical and pharmacokinetic study on cefodizime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, in the pediatric infections].	cefodizime (thr-221, cdzm), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 27 children with various bacterial infections. the episodes of infections included pneumonia (6 cases), bronchopneumonia (11 cases), lung abscess (1 case), acute pharyngitis (2 cases), cervical lymphadenitis (1 case), infected cephalohematoma (1 case), urinary tract infection (1 case), sepsis (2 cases) and purulent meningitis (2 cases). cdzm was effective in all but one, and its efficacy rate ...	1989	2795854
[tnt-degrading enzyme of citrobacter freundii and its regulation by carbon and nitrogen source].	it was detected that both nad(p)h-linked reductase (tnt-red) and nad(p)+-linked tnt dehydrogenase (tnt-deh) were present in tnt-degrading enzymes of citrobacter freundii simultaneously. the time course of formation for the enzymes and the actions of coenzymes in enzymatic reaction of tnt have been studied. the effects of varied carbon and nitrogen sources on the regulation of the enzymes were different clearly. when the concentration of nh4cl or urea in culture medium was more than 0.1 mol/l, th ...	1989	2800543
in vitro activity of me1228, a new parenteral cephalosporin.	me1228 is a new cephalosporin with an iminocarboxymethyl moiety on the acyl side chain and a novel pyridiniumthiomethyl group at position 3 of the bicyclic ring. its activity was compared with those of ceftazidime, imipenem, piperacillin, and gentamicin. me1228 inhibited most members of the family enterobacteriaceae, except for some enterobacter spp. and citrobacter freundii, at less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml, and it inhibited gentamicin- and piperacillin-resistant isolates. it had mic ...	1989	2802554
potentiation of ferrous sulphate and ascorbate on the microbial transformation of endogenous trimethylamine n-oxide to trimethylamine and dimethylamine in squid extracts.	the levels of trimethylamine n-oxide (tmao) in the new zealand (nototodarus sloani) species of squid extracts were extremely high (above 9200 ppm). when the extracts were incubated for 2 days at 25 degrees c, approximately 60% tmao was converted to trimethylamine (tma) and dimethylamine (dma). this conversion was very low or negligible at 4 degrees c, but was potentiated by the presence of ferrous sulphate (0.014 m) and ascorbate (0.014 m). citrobacter freundii and aeromonas hydrophilia were iso ...	1989	2807105
interactions of meropenem with class i chromosomal beta-lactamases.	most newer penicillins and cephalosporins are labile to the class i beta-lactamases that are inducible in pseudomonas aeruginosa. enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., serratia spp. and indole-positive proteeae, but fail to induce enzyme synthesis below the mic. they remain active against the inducible strains but not against mutants (termed 'stably depressed') that manufacture beta-lactamase copiously without induction. such mutants are segregated at high frequency and may be selected during the ...	1989	2808208
bactericidal activity of meropenem and interactions with other antibiotics.	mics of meropenem for selected clinical isolates of bacteria were determined. killing curves were performed on strains of methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant staph. aureus (mrsa), methicillin-resistant staph, epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter freundii and acinetobacter spp. a reduction of greater than or equal to 3 x log10 in viable cells was observed at 4 and 6 h of exposure to 4 and 8 x mic, ...	1989	2808210
antibacterial activity of tigemonam dicholate (sq 30836) and interaction with beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria.	sq 30836 is an orally absorbed salt of tigemonam, a new monobactam similar to aztreonam in structure and microbiologic properties. when assayed against 400 clinical isolates, tigemonam's activity was similar to that of aztreonam and carumonam. it was highly effective against enterobacteriaceae but showed poor activity against gram-positive organisms. it inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella, shigella, yersinia, proteus, providencia, and morganella strains at 0.5 micrograms/ml or less, an ...	1989	2809698
in vitro activity of tigemonam against urinary tract pathogens.	tigemonam's in vitro activity was compared with that of aztreonam, cefotaxime, gentamicin, and norfloxacin. thirty-two strains of pseudomonas and 960 strains of enterobacteriaceae were studied using the agar dilution method (including escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter sp., serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, morganella morganii, and salmonella enterica). tigemonam displayed good activity against enterobacteriaceae. minimum inhibitory ...	1989	2809699
in vitro activity of tigemonam against multiresistant nosocomial enterobacteriaceae.	tigemonam, an oral monobactam that exhibits beta-lactamase stability similar to that of aztreonam, was tested in vitro against 240 species of enterobacteriaceae (50 escherichia coli, 48 klebsiella pneumoniae, 52 enterobacter cloacae, 32 proteus mirabilis, 22 proteus indole-positive [providencia sp.], 24 serratia sp., and 12 citrobacter sp. all strains were resistant to ampicillin and first-generation cephalosporins. in addition, 77.4% were resistant to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, 46.8% to ...	1989	2809700
in vitro studies of tigemonam: a comparison of the minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mic vs mbc).	the in vitro activity of tigemonam, a new oral monobactam, was studied with special attention to minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbcs). against 250 clinical isolates, it inhibited 100% of escherichia sp., klebsiella sp., serratia sp., citrobacter sp., providencia sp., proteus sp., morganella sp., aeromonas sp., yersinia sp., shigella sp., and haemophilus sp. at 0.5 mg/l or less. with 1 mg/l, 75% of enterobacter sp. were inhibited; however, three ...	1989	2809701
[the effect of the acidic milk mixture "nariné" on intestinal microflora in patients with functional and inflammatory bowel diseases].	a cultured milk mixture "narine" (strain 317/402 lactobacilli and relevant metabolic products) given to 58 patients with various functional disorders and inflammation of the colon associated with dysbacteriosis resulted in a pronounced positive effect as related to intestinal microflora in 96.6% of the patients. in 75.8% of cases dysbacteriosis discontinued within 10 days.	1989	2811219
septic pulmonary embolization caused by citrobacter diversus.	citrobacter diversus is an unusual human pathogen. this organism has never been reported as a cause of septic pulmonary embolization. we report a case of septic pulmonary embolization caused by c. diversus in a relatively healthy young woman following an otherwise uncomplicated cesarean section.	1989	2813977
septic arthritis in the newborn--a 17 years' clinical experience.	septic arthritis is an uncommon, yet serious disorder in the newborn. most patients survive with permanent handicaps. we encountered 11 cases of neonatal septic arthritis in the hospital over the past 17 years (1971-87), an incidence of 0.12 per 1000 livebirths or 0.67 per 1000 admissions to the neonatal nursery. the clinical experience is presented. the diagnosis of septic arthritis in the newborn is more difficult than in the older children. joint swelling (10/11), tenderness (9/11) and limita ...	1989	2814537
etiology of acute childhood diarrhoea in calcutta.	of the 152 cases of acute diarrhoea, 124 (81.5%) revealed potential pathogens. altogether 27 (21.2%) out of 127 strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter, proteus and acinetobacter produced enterotoxin. single pathogenic bacteria (40 cases 26.3%), parasite (6; 6%), rota virus (6; 6%), toxigenic bacteria (19; 12.5%) and mixed agents (37; 24.24.3%) were recorded in 108 cases (71.0%). another 14 (9.2%) cases exclusively revealed moderate to heavy growth of suspected enteric p ...	1989	2815324
in vitro evaluation of brl 42715, a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor.	the penem brl 42715, c6-(n1-methyl-1,2,3-triazolylmethylene)penem, is a potent inhibitor of a broad range of bacterial beta-lactamases, including the plasmid-mediated tem, shv, oxa, and staphylococcal enzymes, as well as the chromosomally mediated enzymes of bacteroides, enterobacter, citrobacter, serratia, morganella, escherichia, klebsiella, and proteus species. the concentration of brl 42715 needed to reduce the initial rate of hydrolysis of most beta-lactamase enzymes by 50% was less than 0. ...	1989	2817854
sepsis with citrobacter diversus in sick newborns.	citrobacter diversus has been increasingly recognized as a cause of life-threatening neonatal meningitis with frequent abscess formation. this condition is associated with high mortality and extremely poor prognosis. we report our experience with c. diversus septicemia without meningitis in critically ill newborns. thirteen patients with mean birthweight 1530 +/- 925 gm and mean gestational age 31.3 +/- 3.5 weeks were affected. they were compared with a group of infants affected by escherichia c ...	1989	2910319
citrobacter freundii produces an 18-amino-acid heat-stable enterotoxin identical to the 18-amino-acid escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (st ia).	we purified and sequenced the heat-stable enterotoxin produced by citrobacter freundii. the toxin was detected during purification by reaction with monoclonal antibody to escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. the c. freundii toxin amino acid sequence was identical to that of the 18-amino-acid heat-stable enterotoxin (sta) produced by toxigenic e. coli.	1989	2912902
concurrent infection of a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas) by citrobacter freundii and trichuris trichiura.	concurrent infection of citrobacter freundii and trichuris trichiura in a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas) is reported. a synergistic effect of both organisms contributing to host mortality in this case is suggested.	1989	2915394
microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care items in egypt--eye shadows, mascaras and face creams.	we examined a total of 150 samples, including 27 eye shadows, 27 mascaras and 96 face creams, for their microbial contents. mascaras were generally more contaminated than eye shadows. more than 75% of the examined eye shadows contained fewer than 100 c.f.u./g aerobic bacterial count compared to 63% of the mascaras examined. viable bacteria were not recovered from 61% and 48% of the eye shadows and mascaras respectively. while 4% of the eye shadows were heavily contaminated (contained more than 1 ...	1989	2921299
vertical transmission of citrobacter diversus from mother to infant.		1989	2922244
epidemic bloodstream infections associated with pressure transducers: a persistent problem.	twenty-four outbreaks of nosocomial bloodstream infection (bsi) were investigated by the centers for disease control from jan 1, 1977 to dec 31, 1987. intravascular pressure monitoring devices (transducers) were the most commonly identified source of bacterial and fungal bsi outbreaks and were implicated as the source of infection in eight (33%) outbreaks. these included outbreaks caused by candida parapsilosis (2), serratia marcescens (2), klebsiella oxytoca (1), pseudomonas cepacia (1), acinet ...	1989	2926106
bacteriological study of extracted iucds.	previous studies have shown the users of intrauterine devices have a 4.4 times greater risk of pelvic inflammatory disease. this present study intends to categorize the distribution of microbes in cultures from different types of extracted copper intrauterine devices (iucds). bacteriological studies of aerobic and anaerobic organisms were performed on the extracted iucds of 522 iucd users; 480 wearing a multiload cu 250, 15 wearing a copper t, 22 lippes loop and 5 a copper 7. cultures were ne ...	1989	12283073
ytr-830h: its origin, the present and the future.		1989	16312317
antimicrobial activity of a new difluorinated quinolone: lomefloxacin (sc-47111).		1989	16312351
sensitivity to beta-lactams and aminoglycosides of clinically important pathogens isolated from children in poland.		1989	16312442
role of lysine-67 in the active site of class c beta-lactamase from citrobacter freundii gn346.	citrobacter freundii gn346 produces a class c beta-lactamase exhibiting the substrate profile of a typical cephalosporinase. the structural and promoter regions of the cephalosporinase gene, comprising 1408 nucleotides, were completely sequenced. the amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme, comprising 361 amino acids, and its molecular mass, 39,878 da, were determined. the active site was confirmed to be ser-64. the amino acid sequence of the enzyme differs from that of the cephalosporinase of ...	1990	1969344
substitution of aspartic acid-217 of citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase and properties of the mutant enzymes.	on the assumption that asp-217 of a citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase forms a salt-bridge with the conserved lys-67, asp-217 was changed to glutamic acid, threonine or lysine. the mutant enzymes retained about the same level of activity as that of the wild-type enzyme, and the participation of asp-217 in the salt-bridge was ruled out. however, the mutations resulted in an increase in hydrolytic activity toward oxyimino-cephalosporins such as cefuroxime, cefmenoxime and ceftazidime, suggestin ...	1990	1972682
the in-vitro activity of cefodizime: a review.	for enterobacteriaceae, mic50s and mic90s of cefodizime (mg/l), respectively, were as follows, for naturally non-beta-lactamase-producing species: escherichia coli 0.12 and 0.5, salmonella spp. and shigella spp. 0.25 and 0.5, proteus mirabilis 0.016 and 0.03; for chromosomal penicillinase-producing species. klebsiella spp. 0.25 and 64, and for chromosomal cephalosporinase-producing species. enterobacter cloacae 1 and 64, citrobacter freundii 1 and 128, serratia marcescens 2 and 8: indole-positiv ...	1990	2074248
[clinical experiences with cefixime in the treatment of bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract].	in a prospective, open clinical trial 21 patients suffering from lower respiratory tract infections were treated with the new oral cephalosporin cefixime. the antibiotic was given at a dosage of 200 mg b. i. d. for seven to eleven days. seventeen of 18 evaluable patients were cured or distinctly improved at the end of therapy as well as two days after the end of treatment. clinical results correlated well with the results of the lung function tests, especially with the significant decrease of re ...	1990	2079369
[antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of eleven oral cephalosporins].	oral cephalosporins (cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet, ceftibuten, cefpodoxime, loracarbef, cefprozil, cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefadroxil and bay 3522) were compared by their antibacterial profile including stability against new beta-lactamases. both activity and antibacterial spectrum of compounds structurally related to third generation parenteral cephalosporins (of the oximino class) were superior to established compounds. activity against staphylococci was found to be highest for cefdinir, cefpro ...	1990	2079378
[reactions of different enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae species in brila-mug (fluorocult) bouillion].	in order to test the usefulness of brila-mug (= fluorocult) medium (merck) for isolation and identification of total coliforms and faecal coliforms in surface water according to the ec guidelines for bathing waters a total of 969 strains of different enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae species was examined under different culture conditions. these included 486 e. coli (reference strains of o-groups 1-170, enterotoxin and verotoxin-producing strains), 149 salmonella (subspecies i-vi), 92 yersinia ...	1990	2080970
a comparison of the mechanisms of decreased susceptibility of aztreonam-resistant and ceftazidime-resistant enterobacteriaceae.	twenty five strains of enterobacteriaceae (five each of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii and providencia stuartii) were exposed to aztreonam and ceftazidime at 1/2 and 1 x mic in liquid medium for 22 h, and also to 3, 5 and 10 x mic and 16 mg/l of each agent in agar. any putative mutant with an increase in the mic of greater than or equal to 4 fold was examined for beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein profile. mutants were selec ...	1990	2081717
antimicrobial activity and beta-lactamase stability of bmy-28232, parent compound of an oral cephalosporin.	bmy-28232, an aminothiazolyl imino methoxy cephalosporin which is available as an orally absorbed acetoxyethyl ester, inhibited strains of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococci, streptococcus pneumoniae, escherichia coli, klebsiella species, and many strains of proteus and providencia stuartii at concentrations less than 1 microgram/ml, including isolates resistant to cephalexin and cefaclor. it had activity similar to that of cefixime, but was more active against ...	1990	2086221
[susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. a study mainly focused on imipenem. research group for testing imipenem susceptibility on clinical isolates].	we investigated susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antimicrobial agents at 459 hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1988. in this study, identification and susceptibility testing were performed at each hospital laboratory and the tests were carried out according to the 1-dilution or 3-dilution disc technique in which susceptibilities are classified into 4 grades: , ++, + and -. ipm had significantly high activity against st ...	1990	2086814
induction of the citrobacter freundii group i beta-lactamase in escherichia coli is not dependent on entry of beta-lactam into the cytoplasm.	induction of the cloned ampc citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase in escherichia coli by 6-aminopenicillanic acid was prevented by periplasmic tem beta-lactamase in the same cell. in contrast, cytoplasmic tem beta-lactamase did not prevent induction. this result implies that entry of the beta-lactam into the cytoplasm is not necessary for induction of ampc.	1990	2088200
palindromic unit highly repetitive dna sequences exhibit species specificity within enterobacteriaceae.	palindromic units (pu, or rep for repetitive extragenic palindrome) constitute a family of dna sequences of 40 nucleotides which is highly repeated in the genome of escherichia coli. we analysed the presence of pu sequences in 99 different bacterial genomes by cross-hybridization. when pu sequences were used as a probe, only dna from enterobacteriaceae closely related to e. coli exhibited an appreciable hybridization signal: shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, salmonella enteritica serotype typhim ...	1990	2092362
combination of ofloxacin and other antimicrobial agents.	we evaluated the combination of ofloxacin with piperacillin, gentamicin, vancomycin, rifampin, clindamycin, and metronidazole by the checkerboard agar dilution method against 165 isolates which included escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas aeruginosa, providencia stuartii, acinetobacter, staphylococcus aureus, bacteroides fragilis, and citrobacter perfringens. synergy of piperacillin-ofloxacin was demonstrated for 50% and 40% respectivel ...	1990	2093103
molecular genetic analysis of a factor produced by citrobacter freundii which immunologically cross-reacted with cholera toxin (ct) and heat-labile enterotoxin (lth).		1990	2101142
role of the outer membrane for quinolone resistance in enterobacteria.	quinolone-resistant clones were selected from clinical escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii and serratia marcescens isolates in a frequency ranging from 10(-8) to 10(-6). the outer membrane proteins of quinolone-resistant e. coli clones remained unaltered, as was the case for 10 of 11 c. freundii and 4 of 11 s. marcescens clones ('nal b' type). there was no strong relation between alterations of outer membrane proteins and cross-resistance with chemically unrelated compounds such as tetracycli ...	1990	2106416
new screening test to determine the acceptability of 0.45-micron membrane filters for analysis of water.	during routine membrane filter (mf) quality control testing, irregularities such as partial or complete inhibition of microbial growth at grid lines, abnormal spreading of colonies, growth in or along the grid lines, nonwetting areas, poor colony sheen and metallic sheen on the mf surface with mendo agar, brittleness, decreased recovery, and severe wrinkling were observed with several lots of filters. to study these effects and to develop a more sensitive screening test for mf quality, we compar ...	1990	2106827
characteristics of aztreonam as a substrate, inhibitor and inducer for beta-lactamases.	aztreonam was investigated as to its characteristics as a substrate, inhibitor and inducer for the well-defined beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria, and its antibacterial efficacy as to bacterial cells producing eight types of beta-lactamases was also evaluated. aztreonam was hydrolyzed at measurable rates by class a beta-lactamases, a tem-2 type penicillinase and the proteus vulgaris cephalosporinase with a broad substrate range. however, the affinity of aztreonam for the class a enzymes ...	1990	2112533
extension of the substrate spectrum by an amino acid substitution at residue 219 in the citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase.	the cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii gn346 is a class c beta-lactamase, consisting of 361 amino acids and exhibiting the substrate profile of a typical cephalosporinase. on the conversion of a conserved glutamic acid at residue 219 to lysine, the substrate spectrum of the cephalosporinase was extended to oxyimino cephalosporins, aztreonam and carbenicillin, which are essentially undesirable substrates for the enzyme. escherichia coli cells carrying the mutant gene showed higher resistanc ...	1990	2115867
an oligosaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine against type iii group b streptococcus.	we have developed an oligosaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine against type iii group b streptococcus. purified group b streptococcal type iii capsular polysaccharide was depolymerized by enzymatic digestion using endo-beta-galactosidase produced by citrobacter freundii. following enzymatic digestion, oligosaccharides were fractionated by gel filtration chromatography on sephadex g-75. an oligosaccharide pool of average mr = 14,500 (corresponding to 13.6 repeating units of the type iii po ...	1990	2120228
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1987). i. susceptibility distribution].	since 1979, ikemoto et al. have been retrospectively surveying the sensitivity of major species of bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infections to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics. their findings for the past year are reported below. a total of 825 clinical strains of bacteria was investigated. of this total, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 28.0% (231 strains) and gram-negative bacteria for 72.0% (594 strains). taxonomically, escherichia coli accounted for 34.7% ...	1990	2122040
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1987). iii. secular changes in susceptibility].	sensitivity spectra of major species of bacteria (namely escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus spp., citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa) which were among the clinical isolates mentioned in the first and second reports to various antibacterial and antibiotic agents and time courses of the spectra are reported below. 1. e. coli was sensitive to cefmenoxime (cmx), latamoxef (lmox), ceftazidime (caz), cefzonam (czon) and flomoxef (fmox) which are ...	1990	2122041
[susceptibility and r plasmids conjugation tests for 44 strains of gram negative bacilli in a burn unit].	44 strains of 9 species gram negative bacilli were isolated and identified in a burn unit, among them 25 strains were from patients and 19 from ward environment. all strains were tested for susceptibility to antibiotics and r plasmids. using both agar dilution and disc diffusion methods to test susceptibility to 12 kinds of antibiotics, namely, streptomycin chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ampicillin, kanamycin, gentamycin, nalidixic acid, amikacin rifampin, carbenicillin, cefazolin and polymyxin, ...	1990	2125853
beta-lactamase in gram-negative rods: the relationship between penicillinase and r plasmids in gram-negative rods.	concomitant with the extensive use of antibiotics, the number of multiple antibiotic-resistant strains has been increasing. since resistance is mainly mediated by r plasmids, we undertook to investigate the characteristics of r plasmid-determined beta-lactamase in 6 gram-negative rods. the beta-lactamase produced by each organism was classified by its substrate: type p which attacks penicillins, type c which attacks cephalosporins, and type c/p which attacks both penicillins and cephalosporins. ...	1990	2126540
in vitro activity of sparfloxacin (ci-978; at-4140) against clinical isolates from cancer patients.	the in vitro activity of sparfloxacin, a new quinolone, was compared with those of ciprofloxacin and fleroxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, greater than 90% of which were isolated from blood culture specimens of cancer patients. sparfloxacin was extremely active against acinetobacter species, aeromonas hydrophila, citrobacter diversus, enterobacter species, escherichia coli, klebsiella species, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marcescens (inhibiting greater than 90% of these ...	1990	2127348
neonatal citrobacter sepsis: clinical and epidemiological aspects.	fourteen neonates were diagnosed to have citrobacter sepsis during 1986-89, representing 4.6% of all cases with bacteriologically proven sepsis. most of these infants were low birth weight (mean 2046 gm, +/- 750) and preterm (mean 34.8 weeks, +/- 3.8). mean age at onset of sepsis was five days. in 10 cases the hematological profile was suggestive of sepsis. infants had clinical evidence of multisystem infection; 2 with septic arthritis and 3 meningitis. the case fatality rate was 61%. resistance ...	1990	2131309