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antibacterial activities of cefpodoxime, cefixime, and ceftriaxone.cefpodoxime, cefixime, and ceftriaxone inhibited branhamella catarrhalis at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, beta-hemolytic streptococci at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml, neisseria meningitidis at less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml, and haemophilus influenzae (other than beta-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant isolates) at less than or equal to 0.12 microgram/ml. the mics for 50% of isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae other than citrobacter freundii, enterobacter ...19883245701
clinical efficacy of carumonam.carumonam is a new n-sulfo-beta-lactam antibiotic active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. an open study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerance of carumonam with either 1 g t.i.d. (group a) or 2 g t.i.d. (group b) in bacterial septicaemia or severe sepsis. a total of 24 patients (14 men and 10 women) were included in the study, their ages ranged from 48-87 years (mean age 59). eighteen patients were treated for bacteraemia, three for bronchopneumonia, two for urinar ...19883246211
on the kinetic interaction between ceftriaxone and some beta-lactamases.the activity of beta-lactamases from citrobacter diversus ula-27 on ceftriaxone, a widely recognized third-generation cephalosporin, has been examined and compared to the activity of various other beta-lactamases from different sources. ceftriaxone (roche s.p.a. milan) was found to be resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases from enterobacter cloacae and bacillus cereus, but susceptible to beta-lactamases from mycobacterium fortuitum strain cow 18 and, mostly, to beta-lactamases from various s ...19883260552
in vitro activity of an oral iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, r-3746.the in vitro activity of r-3746, an iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with a ch2och3 moiety at position 3, was compared with those of other antibiotics. r-3746 inhibited the majority of hemolytic streptococci (groups a, b, c, f, and g) and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than 0.06 micrograms/ml, which was comparable to the activity of amoxicillin, 2- to 8-fold more active than cefixime, and 16- to 64-fold more active than cefaclor and cephalexin. ninety percent of beta-lactamase-produci ...19883260766
activity of temocillin and other penicillins against beta-lactamase-inducible and -stably derepressed enterobacteria.mics of temocillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin and ampicillin were determined for mutant series of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, proteus vulgaris, morganella morganii and serratia marcescens with inducible, stably derepressed or basal expression of chromosomal class i beta-lactamases. ampicillin was inactive (mic greater than 256 mg/l) both against beta-lactamase-inducible organisms (except c. freundii) and their stably derepressed mutants, whereas basal ...19883263354
in vitro activity of the combination trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole compared with that of other chemotherapeutic agents.for many years now, the combination trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole (active ingredients of bactrim) has proved to be an effective chemotherapeutic agent with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, including beta-hemolytic streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, haemophilus influenza, escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, klebsiella, enterobacter and citrobacter. in this comparative study, the antibacterial activity ...19883264166
[activity of 9 beta-lactam antibiotics combined with clavulanic acid or sulbactam against the strains of broad-spectrum beta-lactamase (ctx-1) producing enterobacteriaceae isolated at the henri mondor hospital].minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of seven cephalosporins: cefotaxime (ctx), ceftriaxone (cro), ceftazidime (caz), latamoxef (mox), cefoxitin (fox), cefotetan (ctt) and cm 40876 (cm), of aztreonam (atm) and imipenem (ipm) were evaluated by agar dilution with and without 5 mg/l of clavulanic acid (ac) or sulbactam (sb) for 28 strains isolated in 1986 (15 k. pneumoniae, 3. k. oxytoca, 4 e. coli, 4 e. cloacae, 1 e. aerogenes and 1 c. freundii). comparatively to mics of sensitive strains and ...19883043338
[current status of aminoglycoside resistance in hospital enterobacteriaceae].we studied the susceptibility of enterobacteriaceae to four aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin et amikacin). we determined their phenotypes of resistance by taking into account both the critic concentrations of the cfa (french committee for antibiogram) and the mic of the main susceptible population of each species. the most frequent phenotypes were gtnt, tnta and gtnta. amikacin resistance including phenotypes were essentially found in klebsiella and serratia (35% and 53% of th ...19883043339
ceftazidime combined with mecillinam: serum bactericidal titres compared with in-vitro synergy against gram-negative bacilli.in a study of the possible interaction between mecillinam and ceftazidime against gram-negative bacilli, ten volunteers received on separate days: ceftazidime 20 mg/kg iv in 15 min, mecillinam 10 mg/kg iv in 15 min, or the combination. blood samples were obtained before and 1 and 6 h after the end of the infusion. ten strains each of klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii, salmonella spp. and yersinia spp. and nine strains each of acinetobacter spp., and pseudomonas aer ...19883045067
citrobacter meningitis and brain abscess in infancy: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. 19883045279
[in vitro antibacterial activity of apalcillin on aerobic bacteria and the regression curve].minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of apalcillin (apl) were evaluated by agar dilution on 1,201 bacterial strains isolated simultaneously in four university hospitals; agar diffusion tests (disks apl: 75 micrograms) were performed on these strains to establish relationship between mic and zone diameters. for enterobacteriaceae naturally non beta-lactamase-producing (e. coli and p. mirabilis), mode mic was 0.5 microgram/ml; some acquired penicillinase-producing strains were only inhibited b ...19883054743
hydrolytic rate at low drug concentration as a limiting factor in resistance to newer cephalosporins.hydrolysis kinetics of two cephalosporinases from citrobacter freundii and proteus vulgaris having different affinities for cefotaxime and ceftazidime was assessed in studies with cefotaxime, ceftazidime, bmy-28142, and imipenem. the two cephalosporinase genes were cloned into strains of escherichia coli. the production of these cephalosporinases in strains of e. coli, as well as in the derepressed mutants of c. freundii and p. vulgaris, caused a decrease in susceptibility to the newer cephalosp ...19883055173
inducible beta-lactamases: clinical and epidemiologic implications for use of newer cephalosporins.the emergence of resistance to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics is a major problem in patients infected with organisms that characteristically produce inducible beta-lactamases--e.g., species of pseudomonas, enterobacter, serratia, citrobacter, indole-positive proteus, and providencia. resistance has emerged in 14%-56% of patients infected with these organisms and treated with one of the newer cephalosporins. the emergence of resistance has been associated with clinical failure or relapse in 25% ...19883055176
plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase (tem-7) involved in resistance to ceftazidime and aztreonam.tem-7, a novel tem-type beta-lactamase (pi 5.41) encoded on a plasmid of approximately 85 kilobases, was found in a clinical isolate of citrobacter freundii. strains containing this enzyme exhibited decreased susceptibility to ceftazidime (64-fold) and aztreonam (16-fold) but not to other third-generation cephalosporins. addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor--clavulanic acid, sulbactam, or ytr 830--restored normal susceptibility to associated compounds such as ampicillin, piperacillin, ceftazid ...19883055178
plasmid-mediated resistance to third-generation cephalosporins caused by point mutations in tem-type penicillinase genes.infections due to strains of klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, and citrobacter freundii resistant to third-generation cephalosporins have been observed recently in france and the federal republic of germany. this resistance phenotype is due to the production of new plasmid-mediated, broad-substrate-range beta-lactamases designated tem-3 to tem-7. dna-dna hybridization analysis with a probe specific for tem-1 indicated that the corresponding genes blat-3 to blat-7 were variants of the stru ...19883055179
citrobacter diversus endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty. 19883056016
[microorganisms isolated from urinary tract infection and their beta-lactamase production and evaluation of clinical efficacy of sulperazone].clinical survey of microorganisms isolated from urinary tract infection (uti) was carried out at the four major hospitals in mie prefecture from may to july, 1987, and production of beta-lactamase of the microorganisms was determined by the acidimetric method, "beta-checker". among the total of 460 strains isolated from urine samples, 135 of gram positive cocci and 325 of gram negative rods were contained. sixty percent of the gram negative rods and 14% of gram positive cocci produced beta-lacta ...19883057834
influence of antibiotic therapy on faecal carriage of p-fimbriated escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria in neonates.the influence of previous antibiotic therapy on the aerobic faecal flora, including p-fimbriated escherichia coli, was studied in 953 neonates at discharge from 22 neonatal wards in sweden. antibiotics, mainly ampicillin (with or without gentamicin) or cefuroxime, had been received by 37% of the infants. treatment with ampicillin (with or without gentamicin) increased klebsiella/enterobacter and reduced esch. coli colonization. cephalosporin therapy (71% cefuroxime) reduced the frequency of colo ...19883060462
[isolation and characterization of gentamicin resistance plasmids of coliform bacteria from the waste water of a water treatment plant].gentamicin resistance coliforms detected continuously in raw and purified waste water samples of a sewage treatment plant made up less than 0.1% of all coliforms. 43.9%; 31.4%; 13.3% and 11.3% of gentamicin-resistant coliforms were identified as enterobacter, e. coli, klebsiella and citrobacter, respectively. r plasmids encoding a gentamicin resistance phenotype were isolated and characterized. they range between 55 and 60 md in size and belong to 3 incompatibility groups (incof, incm, inck). us ...19883066059
bacteriological studies with ampicillin/sulbactam on selected strains of gram-negative bacteria.antibacterial activity of sulbactam or ampicillin alone and in combination on ampicillin-resistant, beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria (citrobacter freundii and escherichia coli) was studied. inhibition of beta-lactamase activity by sulbactam was investigated using intact and disrupted cells. minimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin were high but decreased significantly in the presence of sulbactam. similar enzyme inhibition was observed with intact and disrupted bacterial ce ...19883067960
taxonomic specificity of restriction-modification enzymes. 19883074011
[microbiological analysis of well water samples in the rural areas near ankara].the water from wells and running water in different rural parts of ankara were analyzed microbiologically with the thought in mind that the use of unhealthy well water could cause infections, as shown in other cities. we found that of the 50 running water samples all (100%) were drinkable from the microbiological point of view regard to coliform bacteria and total germ count, while only 20 of the 150 well water samples (13.3%) met these standards. it was pointed out by the users that chlorinatio ...19883078793
further differentiation of enterobacteriaceae by means of siderophore-pattern analysis.by means of a combination of 5 siderophore bioassays using several indicator strains, genera, species and subspecies of enterobacteriaceae can be further differentiated. enterobactin, aerobactin and other siderophores produced can be detected. each strain shows specific pattern which we called siderophore-pattern. it is easy to separate morganella, proteus, providencia, yersinia strains from the genera salmonella, shigella, escherichia coli, enterobacter, citrobacter, klebsiella, serratia. enter ...19882970195
transcriptional regulation and gene arrangement of escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii and salmonella typhimurium biotin operons.the bio operons of citrobacter freundii and escherichia coli k-12 (strain c600) were isolated by screening lambda banks for complementation of e. coli bio mutants. these were compared with the previously isolated bio operon of salmonella typhimurium and previous data on e. coli k-12. the restriction maps of the operon are very different in the three species, but no difference in gene order was found. operator-promoter dna, identified by repressible titration and by biotin-repressible transcripti ...19882971595
sequence analysis, expression, and conservation of escherichia coli uracil dna glycosylase and its gene (ung).the complete nucleotide sequence of the escherichia coli ung gene is described. transcription initiation and termination sites were determined by s1 nuclease and rnase mapping. the common prokaryotic -35, -10, and the ribosome binding site sequences are represented by tgttctgta, taagcta, and aggagag at their respective locations. a putative hairpin transcription terminator structure is present at the major transcription terminator sites. the open reading frame of the ung gene codes for a protein ...19882836397
clinical isolate of citrobacter freundii highly resistant to new quinolones.about 30% of 150 recent clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii were resistant to greater than or equal to 3.13 micrograms of norfloxacin and ofloxacin per ml. study of one quinolone-resistant strain for which the norfloxacin mic was 100 micrograms/ml suggested that resistance was associated with both an altered a subunit of dna gyrase and reduction in drug uptake accompanied by a decrease in an outer membrane protein.19882843087
the distribution and divergence of dna sequences related to the tn21 and tn501 mer operons.the mercury resistance (mer) operons of the gram-negative bacterial transposons, tn21 and tn501, are phenotypically indistinguishable and have extensive dna identity. however, tn21 mer has an additional coding region (merc) in the middle of the operon which is lacking in tn501 and there is also a discrete region of the mercuric ion reductase gene (mera) which differs markedly between the two operons. dna fragment probes were used to determine the distribution of specific mer coding regions in tw ...19882853392
purification of citrobacter freundii dna gyrase and inhibition by quinolones.dna gyrase is a bacterial enzyme which catalyzes the atp-dependent negative supercoiling of dna. it is the accepted target of quinolones. the enzyme from citrobacter freundii iid976 was purified by affinity chromatography on novobiocin-sepharose and heparin-sepharose. it had two subunits, designated a and b, which closely resembled those of the enzyme from escherichia coli and micrococcus luteus in enzymatic requirements. the inhibitory effects of the quinolones on the supercoiling activities of ...19882831810
specific insertion and deletion of insertion sequence 1-like dna element causes the reversible expression of the virulence capsular antigen vi of citrobacter freundii in escherichia coli.citrobacter freundii strain wr7004 reversibly expresses the virulence capsular antigen vi, whose production is controlled by two distinct chromosomal loci, viaa and viab. the rate of oscillation between the vi-producing (vi+) state and the vi-nonproducing (vi-) state in strain wr7004 ranges from 2 x 10(-4) to 7 x 10(-3) transitions per bacterium per generation. a similarly high conversion rate from vi+ to vi- occurs in escherichia coli hb101 harboring pwr127, a plasmid that contains the 18-kilob ...19882837765
chromosome-encoded beta-lactamases of citrobacter diversus. interaction with beta-iodopenicillanate and labelling of the active site.both forms of the chromosome-encoded beta-lactamase of citrobacter diversus react with beta-iodopenicillanate at a rate characteristic of class a beta-lactamases. the active site of form i was labelled with the same reagent. the sequence of the peptide obtained after trypsin hydrolysis is identical with that of a peptide obtained in a similar manner from the chromosome-encoded beta-lactamase of klebsiella pneumoniae.19882848500
distribution and diversity of hsd genes in escherichia coli and other enteric bacteria.we screened salmonella typhimurium, citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella boydii, and many isolates of escherichia coli for dna sequences homologous to those encoding each of two unrelated type i restriction and modification systems (ecok and ecoa). both k- and a-related hsd genes were identified, but never both in the same strain. s. typhimurium encodes three restriction and modification systems, but its dna hybridized only to the k-specific probe which we know to identify the s ...19882832380
tyrosine phenol-lyase from citrobacter intermedius. factors controlling substrate specificity.l-amino acids are competitive inhibitors of tyrosine phenol-lyase from citrobacter intermedius. for non-branched amino acids the correlation exists between -rtlnki and side-chain hydrophobicity. aspartic and glutamic acids are anomalously potent inhibitors taking into account low hydrophobicity of their side chains. this suggests the presence of an electrophilic group in the active site which interacts with the terminal carboxylic group of aspartic or glutamic acids. tyramine, beta-phenylethylam ...19882847927
beta-lactamase inhibition by acetylmethylene penicillanic acid compared to that of clavulanate and sulbactam.the beta-lactamase inhibitory properties of 6-acetylmethylene penicillanic acid (6-ampa) were investigated and compared with those of other beta-lactamase inhibitors. 6-ampa inhibited the tem-1, tem-2, shv-1, pse-1, pse-2, pse-3, pse-4, oxa-2, oxa-3, and staphylococcus aureus beta-lactamases. it also inhibited the chromosomally-mediated beta-lactamases of the richmond-sykes type ia, ic and id type and the type iv klebsiella enzymes. beta-lactamases of branhamella catarrhalis and bacteroides frag ...19882850139
a selection cartridge for rapid detection and analysis of spontaneous mutations including insertions of transposable elements in enterobacteriaceae.we present a method that allows positive selection and rapid analysis of mutations in enterobacteriaceae. mutations are detected in a 2630 bp selection cartridge inserted in two different bacterial multicopy plasmid vectors. spontaneous mutations in escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii include insertions, deletions and point mutations. the small size of the target sequence facilitates rapid analysis of dna rearrangements by cleavage with restriction enzymes and of any ...19882853830
development and testing of invasion-associated dna probes for detection of shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli.genetic determinants of the invasive phenotype of shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec), two common agents of bacillary dysentery, are encoded on large (180- to 210 kilobase), nonconjugative plasmids. several plasmid-encoded antigens have been implicated as important bacterial ligands that mediate the attachment and invasion of colonic epithelial cells by the bacteria. selected invasion plasmid antigen (ipa) genes have recently been cloned from shigella flexneri serotype 5 int ...19882830310
cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase from an r factor of citrobacter diversus.the aaca1 gene, which encodes a 6'-n-acetyltransferase [aac(6')-i] mediating resistance to kanamycin, tobramycin, and amikacin, was cloned from the citrobacter diversus r plasmid pbwh100 into the escherichia coli vector pbr322. the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene and flanking regions was determined. a protein of approximately 21 kilodaltons was identified when the chimeric plasmid encoding the aaca1 gene was introduced into e. coli maxicells. this value is consistent with the size predi ...19882826403
lipid a precursor from pseudomonas aeruginosa is completely acylated prior to addition of 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate.inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (lps) synthesis in pseudomonas aeruginosa at the stage of incorporation of 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate (kdo) caused accumulation of a lipid a precursor which contained all of the fatty acids present on the lipid a of mature lps. the enzyme ctp:cmp-3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase (cmp-kdo synthetase) from p. aeruginosa is inhibited by the kdo analog alpha-c-[1,5-anhydro-8-amino-2,7,8-trideoxy-d-manno-octopyranosyl] carboxylate (i), and i is effe ...19882833499
the bacterial flora of neonates in intensive care-monitoring and manipulation.unlike healthy babies, newborns hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) are colonized with bacterial flora that reflects their exposure to pathogens in the nicu, not bacterial acquired from mother in the perinatal period. for example, nosocomial gram-negative bacilli, such as klebsiella, enterobacter, and citrobacter but not escherichia coli tend to colonize the gastrointestinal tract. colonization with gram-negative bacilli generally is a prerequisite for nosocomial infection wi ...19882896731
infections with gram-negative bacilli in a cardiac surgery intensive care unit: the relative role of enterobacter.a 7-month prospective survey for cefazolin-resistant gram-negative bacilli in cardiac surgery patients, receiving cefazolin prophylaxis, showed that 58 (67%) of 87 were colonized with enterobacter, 37 (64%) with citrobacter, 33 (57%) with pseudomonas aeruginosa, and seven (2%) with serratia marcescens. about 50% of colonization occurred before cefazolin prophylaxis and was present on admission to the intensive care unit. typing of strains showed that horizontal transmission accounted for at most ...19882896734
prior antimicrobial therapy and resistance of enterobacter citrobacter and serratia to third generation cephalosporins.during a 6-month period all inpatients from whom enterobacter, citrobacter or serratia. had been isolated were reviewed and information on selected variables recorded. two groups, one including 19 patients with organisms resistant to third generation cephalosporins and the other 111 patients with susceptible organisms were compared. in the initial analysis, the mean number of antimicrobials received in the prior 2 months was the variable most strongly associated with isolation of resistant organ ...19882899583
ribosomal-rna patterns of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium and related enterobacteriaceae.rrna sequences are usually highly conserved among species. in enterobacteriaceae we have shown that salmonella typhimurium does not have an equivalent to the 23s rrna of escherichia coli but its 23s rrna is cleaved in vivo into two smaller species. this cleavage appears to be a result of a difference between the s. typhimurium and e. coli rrna sequences rather than to differences in ribonuclease activity. we have surveyed a wide range of enterobacteriaceae for the presence or absence of 23s rrna ...19882455809
the structure of the o-specific polysaccharide chain from citrobacter o23-lipopolysaccharide.the structure of citrobacter o23-specific polysaccharide has been shown by sugar and methylation analyses of the native and chemically degraded polysaccharide and by 1h- and 13c-n.m.r. spectroscopy to consist of the tetrasaccharide repeating-units: ----4)-alpha-d-man-(1----2)-alpha-d-man-(1----2)-beta-d-man- (1----3)-alpha-d-galnac-(1----, 80% of which are substituted by o-acetyl groups.19882463084
failure of antisera to j5 and r595 rough mutants to reduce endotoxemic lethality.rabbit antisera to j5 (rc) escherichia coli and r595 (re) salmonella minnesota rough mutants were selected for the highest content of hemagglutinating antibodies to their respective core glycolipids. despite titers of 1:2560 vs. j5 and 1:640 vs. r595 core glycolipids, the antisera failed to passively protect icr or cf-1 mice against lethality induced by endotoxins from a variety of wild-type, smooth enterobacteria: e. coli o111:b4, e. coli o127:b8, salmonella typhimurium, s. minnesota, and citro ...19882447200
[the structure of o-specific polysaccharide chains of lipopolysaccharides from citrobacter 032 and salmonella arizonae 064 (arizona 29)].on the basis of acid hydrolysis, methylation, smith degradation, selective cleavage with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, and 13c nmr analysis, the repeating unit of the o-specific polysaccharide of citrobacter o32 was concluded to have the following structure: (formula: see text). the repeating unit of the salmonella arizonae o64 o-specific polysaccharide has the same structure lacking the o-acetyl group.19882458736
[protective properties of vi-antigen preparations as dependent on their adhesin content].adhesins contained in the preparation of vi-antigen have been found to enhance its immunogenic and protective properties. in the preparations of vi-antigen obtained from salmonella typhi and citrobacter freundii the presence of two antigenic determinants has been revealed. one of them is associated with the vi-receptor and the other determinant, with adhesin. both determinants take part in the protection of mice from salmonella infection.19882469269
effects of interferons, interferon inducers and growth factors on phagocytosis measured by quantitative determination of synthetic compound ingested by mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages.sodium salt of 9-oxo-10-acridineacetohydroxamic acid (hca), a new synthetic compound, forms small crystals in aqueous solution. these crystals were easily phagocytized by the mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. the ingested hca crystals were visible under light microscope as dark granules. the degree of phagocytosis was estimated by the spectroscopic measurements of absorption of ingested hca. about 10 day-old cultures of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages were found to be suitable for a s ...19882478100
[the rapid identification of e. coli by the detection of 3 enzymes].232 isolates of gram-negative, oxidase-negative bacteria, isolated from various samples of different animal species, were tested with help of rapidec coli for the production of beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase and indole. the test correctly identified 164 of 175 e. coli strains (sensitivity 93.7%) and correctly indicated that 57 of 57 isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae (7 citrobacter sp., 18 enterobacter sp., 16 klebsiella sp., 10 proteus sp., 2 providencia sp. and 4 salmonella sp.) ...19892497726
evaluation of a disk approximation test of inducible beta-lactamases in enterobacteriacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa.a modified disk approximation test of inducible beta-lactamases in enterobacteriacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated. the amount of inducer was adapted to produce the smallest possible zone of inhibition and the distance between the centre of the disks was standardized. among several beta-lactam antibiotic disks tested, imipenem (0.06 microgram per disk) or cefoxitin (10 micrograms per disk) placed at a distance of 14-16 mm from a cefotaxime disk (30 micrograms) most efficiently reveale ...19892497754
detection of extended broad-spectrum beta-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae in four french hospitals.in 210 strains of enterobacteriaceae which were isolated in four hospitals and which showed reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime, high synergy was demonstrated between amoxicillin (20 micrograms) + clavulanate (10 micrograms) and cefotaxime (30 micrograms) using a simple double-disk test. isoelectric focusing on gel and specific iodometric detection using ceftriaxone identified four extended broad-spectrum beta-lactamases (isoelectric points 7.6, 6.3, 7.0 and 5.9) produced by the strains.19892504594
urinary tract infection.over two years, 9892 mid-stream urine samples from patients attending the aga khan university hospital, karachi were cultured. significant bacterial growth was seen in 23.5% samples. further identification of these organisms revealed 40% of e. coli, 16% pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11% klebsiella aerogenes, 5.0% enterobacter sp., 13% proteus sp., 4.0% serratia liquifaciens, 1.0% acinetobacter sp., 3.0% citrobacter sp., 4.0% enterococci, 0.5% staphylococcus aureus. results of sensitivity tests perform ...19892504948
high-level expression of the colicin a lysis protein.two plasmids that overproduce the colicin a lysis proteins, cal, are described. plasmid at1 was constructed by a deletion in the colicin a operon, which placed the cal gene near a truncated caa gene in such a way that both gene products wer synthesized at high levels following induction. plasmid ck4 was constructed by insertion of the cal gene downstream from the tac promoter of an expression vector. overproduction of cal was obtained after mitomycin c induction of pat1 cells and after iptg indu ...19892505057
synergy of fluoroquinolones with other antimicrobial agents.synergy resulting from the combination of ciprofloxacin and an antipseudomonal penicillin has been reported for 20%-50% of isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa. a similar effect has also been reported for the combination of ciprofloxacin and fosfomycin. in contrast, the combination of quinolones and aminoglycosides rarely showed synergy when tested against p. aeruginosa. most studies have shown that the combination of beta-lactams or aminoglycosides with quinolones is indifferent against escherich ...19892505355
in vitro activity of pd 117596-2, a broad-spectrum difluoroquinolone.the activity of pd 117596-2, a novel quinolone, was compared to that of other quinolones, ceftazidime, imipenem and gentamicin. pd 117596-2 inhibited most enterobacteriaceae at concentrations less than 0.25 micrograms/ml, being equal or superior in activity to ciprofloxacin and 2- to 4-fold more active than ofloxacin. it inhibited ceftazidime-resistant enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp. and serratia marcescens. the mic90 for pseudomonas aeruginosa, including strains with imipenem mics of 8 micr ...19892506029
characterization of the salmonella paratyphi c vi polysaccharide.the vi capsular polysaccharide (vi) is both a virulence factor and a protective antigen of salmonella typhi; its pathogenic role for salmonella paratyphi c is less well understood. we found no differences between the antigenic and immunogenic properties and the structure of the vi from representative strains of s. paratyphi c, s. typhi, and citrobacter freundii. there were, however, differences in both the amount produced per cell and the degree of association with the cell among the vi from the ...19892506132
[susceptibility of clinical isolates to aztreonam].in vitro antibacterial activities of 9 antibiotics including aztreonam (azt) against clinically isolated gram-negative bacteria were determined using mic-2000 plus system. bacteria were isolated from clinical materials in saga medical school during a period from may 1987 to march 1988. summarized results were as follows: 1. azt showed excellent antibacterial activities against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus sp. and haemophilus influenzae, and mic80 values of azt against these o ...19892507799
mechanism of beta-lactamase inhibition: differences between sulbactam and other inhibitors.three different types of beta-lactamases--tem-2 type penicillinase, a typical cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii, and a proteus vulgaris cephalosporinase with broad substrate range--were studied to determine the inactivation and reactivation kinetics for beta-lactamase inhibitors of these enzymes. sulbactam, cloxacillin sulfone, clavulanic acid, imipenem, and aztreonam were evaluated. on the basis of the kinetic parameters a minimum scheme for the inactivation of these beta-lactamases by e ...19892591172
clavulanate and beta-lactamase induction.concern has been expressed that clavulanate can antagonize ticarcillin against enterobacteria and pseudomonads that have inducible expression of chromosomal 'class i' beta-lactamases. it is suggested that clavulanate-induced enzyme inactivates ticarcillin, which itself is a feeble inducer. we confirmed that this mechanism applied, showing that antagonism was abolished in beta-lactamase-basal mutants of inducible strains. antagonism has been reported in double disc tests with strains of pseudomon ...19892606817
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1986). iii. secular changes in susceptibility].changes in the susceptibility of various infectious microorganisms to antimicrobial agents from 1982 to 1986 were evaluated. the microorganisms investigated were escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., proteus spp., serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. we compared susceptibilities of microorganisms obtained from simple urinary tract infections with those from complicated infections with or without ind ...19892607604
in vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of the new carbapenem sm-7338.the in vitro activity of the new carbapenem sm-7338 was tested in comparison with imipenem, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, flomoxef, cefuzonam and cefmetazole against 2850 clinical bacterial isolates. sm-7338 showed good activity against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. sm-7338 was very active against gram-negative bacteria, inhibiting all enterobacteriaceae, except 25% of serratia marcescens isolates, at a concentration of 0.78 mg/l. sm-7338 inhibited the majority of pseu ...19892512140
in vitro activity of dactimicin, a novel pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside, compared with activities of other aminoglycosides.the in vitro activity of dactimicin, a new pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside which possesses a formimidoyl group, was compared with those of gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin against 500 isolates. dactimicin inhibited 90% of isolates from the family enterobacteriaceae at a concentration of less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml. it was more active than amikacin against klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, citrobacter diversus, enterobacter agglomerans, yersinia species, and salmonella s ...19892514625
microbiological quality and public health significance of ice-cream.fifty samples of ice-cream were subjected to microbiological examination. of these 72% had total viable count over 10(6)/g while 66% had coliform count between 10(2)-10(3)/g. the micro-organisms isolated were escherichia coli (46%), enterobacter aerogenes (34%), staphylococcus aureus (26%), proteus species (16%), streptococcus faecalis (12%), citrobacter species (10%) and bacillus cereus (4%). the results showed that commercially prepared ice-cream sold in the market was not satisfactory for hum ...19892501524
[activity of 5 fluoroquinolones on hospital gram-negative bacilli with different sensitivities to pefloxacin].the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 5 fluoroquinolones, fleroxacin (fle), ciprofloxacin (cip), ofloxacin (ofl), enoxacin (eno) and norfloxacin (nor) have been determined by the agar dilution method towards 140 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) and 146 enterobacteriaceae showing different sensitivities to pefloxacin (pef). the strains were isolated in 1988 at the bellevue hospital. the modal mic is 0.12 for cip, 0.25 for nor, 0.5 for ofl, and 1 for fle and eno when used on pa stra ...19892515519
mobilization of r387 inc k conjugative plasmid by the conjugative plasmid r64 inc i.plasmid aggregate (r387, r64) was constructed in e. coli k12 strain. plasmid r387 inc k was stimulated to conjugational transfer by plasmid r64 inc i. this stimulation was caused neither by recombination between both plasmids nor by trans-complementation of r387 conjugational systems by gene(s) product(s) of r64 plasmid. the observed phenomenon resembled rather mobilization of nonconjugative plasmids by conjugative ones. as in mobilization, the observed increase in r387 transfer frequency could ...19892482657
[gram-negative flora of horticultural produce destined for consumption mainly in the raw state].a survey has been carried out to evaluate the recovery of enterobacteriaceae in freshly consumed horticultural products. 64 samples of these vegetables random chosen in different stores in the general vegetable market of ferrara have been examined among the families of compositae (lettuce, prickly lettuce, cabbage lettuce, common chicory, artichoke), umbrelliferae (curly parsley, carrot, celery, fennel), cruciferae (garden cabbage, red radish), liliaceae (onion), and solanaceae (tomato). 654 bac ...19892483908
[normal microflora of the pharyngeal mucosa].aerobic microflora of the throat mucosa was studied in 518 healthy persons aged 1 to 50 years. on the basis of the study results, criteria for estimating microbiocenoses of the upper respiratory tracts were defined. it was shown that the throat symbiotic flora included three groups of microorganisms playing different roles in the development of microbiocenosis. the indigenous group consisted of representatives of streptococcus and neisseria and was characterized by permanent (90-100 per cent) an ...19892619405
[determination of the mic of cefotetan against freshly isolated gram-negative bacilli].antimicrobial activities (mics) of cefotetan (ctt) against 575 strains of 16 spp. of gram-negative bacilli isolated in 1988 were determined to investigate distribution of mics in comparison with those of cefmetazole (cmz), cefoxitin (cfx), latamoxef (lmox) and cefazolin (cez). the change in frequencies of incidence of cephem-resistant strains in the latter half of the 1980 was also investigated. distribution of mic of ctt varied with test strains. no or very few mics were at or higher than 12.5 ...19892621779
effectiveness of single daily intraperitoneal administration of aztreonam and cefuroxime in the treatment of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd).to discover if the management of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) may be effectively simplified by single daily i.p. administration of aztreonam (a) and cefuroxime (c), 10 adult capd patients (pts) with peritonitis were trained to start the following treatment procedure: a) sterile collection of dialysate effluent for cultures; b) 4 rapid in-and-out exchanges with antibiotic free dialysate; c) addition of 2 g c and 2 g a to a 2-l exchange for 6-h dwell time (the sa ...19892488380
activity of cefepime against ceftazidime- and cefotaxime-resistant gram-negative bacteria and its relationship to beta-lactamase levels.one hundred clinical isolates resistant to ceftazidime and/or cefotaxime were examined for susceptibility to cefepime. the most frequently encountered ceftazidime-cefotaxime-resistant strains belonged to the genera enterobacter, pseudomonas, and citrobacter. among these strains, 92% were resistant to cefoperazone, 91% were resistant to cefotaxime, 84% were resistant to ceftazidime, and 6% were resistant to cefepime. of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae, 57% were resistant to ceftriaxo ...19892499250
antimicrobial activity of dactimicin in vitro compared with that of dibekacin, netilmicin, sisomicin and micronomicin.antimicrobial activity of dactimicin, a pseudo-disaccharide aminoglycoside antibiotic, was compared with those of dibekacin, netilmicin, sisomicin and micronomicin using clinical isolates of four gram-positive and sixteen gram-negative bacteria. dactimicin was more active than the reference amino-glycosides against serratia marcescens, especially gentamicin-resistant serratia sp., proteus vulgaris, p. rettgeri and klebsiella oxytoca, but less active against pseudomonas aeruginosa and p. mirabili ...19892632214
[determination of 3,4-dioxyphenyl-l-alanine by spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods in enzymatic synthesis using microbial cells].a possibility of using the ninhydrin reaction for 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (dopa) determining during the synthesis from pyrocatechol and ammonium pyruvate was verified by using free and immobilized cells of citrobacter freundii, st. 62. spectrophotometric assay was performed at the adsorption maximum for the dopa-ninhydrin complex at 390 nm. dopa can be reliably quantified in the presence of all components at 20-fold and greater dilution of the reaction mixture. a high-sensitive quantitativ ...19892500647
[genetic determination of degradation of ampholytic surfactants].plasmid dna was detected in pseudomonas putida 141 and p. stutzeri at strains which caused destruction of the ampholytic surfactants alkylamino-bis-propionate (aabp) and amidobetaine, respectively. as was demonstrated using genetic analytic procedures, the plasmids controlled aabp and amidobetaine destruction. no plasmid dna was found in p. desmolytica c37 which caused cyclimide destruction or in pseudomonas sp. 1 and citrobacter freundii to strains responsible for aabp destruction. apparently, ...19892636974
[acute necrotizing cholecystitis in infancy: report of a case].we present a case-report of a six weeks old premature baby who developed acute acalculous gangrenous cholecystitis related to septicemia due to citrobacter freundii. we analyze other etiological factors and remark the importance of physical examination and ultrasonographic exploration of the biliary tract. early cholecystectomy is suggested.19892679664
in-vitro activity of meropenem against clinical isolates in a multicentre study in italy.a multicentre in-vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated in different italian hospitals to meropenem. a total of 1399 aerobic and 452 anaerobic strains was analysed. comparative agents were imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, plus vancomycin when appropriate. the mic ranges (mg/l) of meropenem were: 0.015-2 for klebsiella spp., proteus spp., morganella morganii and providencia spp.; l ...19892681128
antibacterial activity of tigemonam dicholate (sq 30836) and interaction with beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria.sq 30836 is an orally absorbed salt of tigemonam, a new monobactam similar to aztreonam in structure and microbiologic properties. when assayed against 400 clinical isolates, tigemonam's activity was similar to that of aztreonam and carumonam. it was highly effective against enterobacteriaceae but showed poor activity against gram-positive organisms. it inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella, shigella, yersinia, proteus, providencia, and morganella strains at 0.5 micrograms/ml or less, an ...19892809698
interaction of e1040 with cephalosporinase from citrobacter freundii gn7391.the interactions of e1040 with cephalosporinase from citrobacter freundii, including affinity and hydrolysis, were studied in comparison with those of cefotaxime and ceftazidime. e1040 showed a higher stability at low drug concentrations and a much lower affinity for the enzyme than did cefotaxime or ceftazidime. these enzymological properties explain the high activity of e1040 against cephalosporinase-producing c. freundii.19892694954
the biochemical differentiation between salmonella and citrobacter.a number of bacterial isolates which could not be identified as either salmonella or citrobacter by conventional biochemical tests and could not be typed as salmonella with available antisera, were further examined biochemically and by lysis with phage felix 0.1. glycerol-positive salmonellae and lysine-positive citrobacters were encountered, which could be confused with the other genus, but when the reactions of such strains were examined in the other tests, accurate identifications could be do ...19892696917
[the effect of the acidic milk mixture "nariné" on intestinal microflora in patients with functional and inflammatory bowel diseases].a cultured milk mixture "narine" (strain 317/402 lactobacilli and relevant metabolic products) given to 58 patients with various functional disorders and inflammation of the colon associated with dysbacteriosis resulted in a pronounced positive effect as related to intestinal microflora in 96.6% of the patients. in 75.8% of cases dysbacteriosis discontinued within 10 days.19892811219
the structure of the lipopolysaccharide core region of citrobacter 027.the structure of citrobacter 027 lipopolysaccharide core has been established using sugar and methylation analyses and 1h-nmr spectroscopy, and was shown to be identical to the core described recently in pcm 1487 strain which represents a separate serotype in citrobacter genus.19892721921
sudden unexpected death in a neonate.a sudden and unexpected death, at 26 hours of age, of a term infant with no identifiable risk factors either in the prenatal or in the immediate neonatal period is described. the most remarkable postmortem findings were confined to the lungs, which had many areas of aspirated amniotic fluid, as well as extensive areas of bronchopneumonia. postmortem cultures of the lung revealed citrobacter freundii. this case is an atypical presentation of this devastating neonatal infection, both because of th ...19892730730
neonatal citrobacter meningitis. 19892753536
citrobacter freundii produces an 18-amino-acid heat-stable enterotoxin identical to the 18-amino-acid escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (st ia).we purified and sequenced the heat-stable enterotoxin produced by citrobacter freundii. the toxin was detected during purification by reaction with monoclonal antibody to escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. the c. freundii toxin amino acid sequence was identical to that of the 18-amino-acid heat-stable enterotoxin (sta) produced by toxigenic e. coli.19892912902
concurrent infection of a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas) by citrobacter freundii and trichuris trichiura.concurrent infection of citrobacter freundii and trichuris trichiura in a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas) is reported. a synergistic effect of both organisms contributing to host mortality in this case is suggested.19892915394
microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care items in egypt--eye shadows, mascaras and face creams.we examined a total of 150 samples, including 27 eye shadows, 27 mascaras and 96 face creams, for their microbial contents. mascaras were generally more contaminated than eye shadows. more than 75% of the examined eye shadows contained fewer than 100 c.f.u./g aerobic bacterial count compared to 63% of the mascaras examined. viable bacteria were not recovered from 61% and 48% of the eye shadows and mascaras respectively. while 4% of the eye shadows were heavily contaminated (contained more than 1 ...19892921299
vertical transmission of citrobacter diversus from mother to infant. 19892922244
epidemic bloodstream infections associated with pressure transducers: a persistent problem.twenty-four outbreaks of nosocomial bloodstream infection (bsi) were investigated by the centers for disease control from jan 1, 1977 to dec 31, 1987. intravascular pressure monitoring devices (transducers) were the most commonly identified source of bacterial and fungal bsi outbreaks and were implicated as the source of infection in eight (33%) outbreaks. these included outbreaks caused by candida parapsilosis (2), serratia marcescens (2), klebsiella oxytoca (1), pseudomonas cepacia (1), acinet ...19892926106
microbiological characterization of dactimicin: antibacterial activity towards gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.dactimicin is the first aminoglycoside antibiotic of dactylosporangium origin, consisting of a pseudo-disaccharide and an amino acid. it has also a formimidoyl moiety instead of the deoxystreptamine found in other aminoglycosides. the authors considered the antibacterial activity of dactimicin compared with amikacin, gentamicin and the fortimicins against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. dactimicin showed remarkable antibacterial activity against all strains tested: in particular the mi ...19892752910
in vitro evaluation of brl 42715, a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor.the penem brl 42715, c6-(n1-methyl-1,2,3-triazolylmethylene)penem, is a potent inhibitor of a broad range of bacterial beta-lactamases, including the plasmid-mediated tem, shv, oxa, and staphylococcal enzymes, as well as the chromosomally mediated enzymes of bacteroides, enterobacter, citrobacter, serratia, morganella, escherichia, klebsiella, and proteus species. the concentration of brl 42715 needed to reduce the initial rate of hydrolysis of most beta-lactamase enzymes by 50% was less than 0. ...19892817854
etiology of acute childhood diarrhoea in calcutta.of the 152 cases of acute diarrhoea, 124 (81.5%) revealed potential pathogens. altogether 27 (21.2%) out of 127 strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter, proteus and acinetobacter produced enterotoxin. single pathogenic bacteria (40 cases 26.3%), parasite (6; 6%), rota virus (6; 6%), toxigenic bacteria (19; 12.5%) and mixed agents (37; 24.24.3%) were recorded in 108 cases (71.0%). another 14 (9.2%) cases exclusively revealed moderate to heavy growth of suspected enteric p ...19892815324
comparative in vitro activities of piperacillin-tazobactam and ticarcillin-clavulanate.the in vitro activities of ticarcillin, piperacillin, clavulanic acid, tazobactam, ticarcillin-clavulanate, and piperacillin-tazobactam against 819 bacterial isolates were compared. the two beta-lactamase inhibitors, clavulanic acid and tazobactam, had little useful antibacterial activity but enhanced the activities of the penicillins against beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus; all strains were su ...19892552904
a most memorable case. 19892564820
in-vitro interactions of fce 22101 with aminoglycosides against gram-negative rods.agar dilution mics of fce 22101 were measured for 894 consecutively-isolated gram-negative rods from clinical specimens (413 escherichia coli, 104 klebsiella spp., 54 enterobacter spp., 19 citrobacter spp., 131 proteus spp., 43 acinetobacter spp., 9 serratia spp., 3 providencia spp., 4 yersinia spp., 3 hafnia spp. and 111 pseudomonas spp.). excluding pseudomonas spp., 98% of these isolates were susceptible to 8 mg/l fce 22101. resistance (mic greater than 8 mg/l) varied from 11% in serratia spp. ...19892732132
studies on the microflora associated with xenic cultures of entamoeba gingivalis.the microflora associated with xenic stock cultures (atcc 30927) of entamoeba gingivalis, the major protozoan of the human oral cavity, were isolated and identified as citrobacter diversus, yersinia enterocolitica, acinetobacter anitratus and pseudomonas maltophilia. in studies to determine whether the bacterial isolates were able to utilize rice starch as a sole carbon source, y. enterocolitica exhibited excellent growth in rice starch minimal medium and tysgm-9 medium (with rice starch), but g ...19892739589
clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin in the therapy of severe infections in high-risk patients.a clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with imipenem/cilastatin in life-threatening infections in high-risk patients. thirty hospitalized patients (22 men and 8 women), aged 28 to 78 years, with impaired host defences and severe infections were treated with imipenem/cilastatin at a dosage ranging between 1 and 3 g daily i.v. at 8 or 12 h intervals. the average length of therapy was 8.61 +/- 3.14 days. the isolated organisms were as follows: escherichia coli [ ...19892743870
levels of bacteria, fungi, and endotoxin in bulk and aerosolized corn silage.three samples of silage taken from the surface of a silo and from depths of 20 and 45 cm in the silo were studied for identification of the potential agents causing symptoms of organic dust toxic syndrome. the samples were examined by dilution plating before and after aerosolization in an acoustical dust generator. aerosol samples were collected by liquid impinger and filter cassettes. the samples were examined for total aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, lactobacilli, ...19892757375
microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care items in egypt--body lotions and talcum powders.we examined a total of 54 samples, including 18 body lotions and 36 talcum powders, for their total aerobic bacterial, coliform and fungal counts. we also carried out anaerobic bacterial counts for talcum powder as well as tests to detect some potentially hazardous bacteria in all tested samples. talcum powders were more heavily contaminated with bacteria and fungi than body lotions. more than 40% of the tested body lotions contained no viable bacteria or less than 100 c.f.u./g. while all the ta ...19892760119
[tnt-degrading enzyme of citrobacter freundii and its regulation by carbon and nitrogen source].it was detected that both nad(p)h-linked reductase (tnt-red) and nad(p)+-linked tnt dehydrogenase (tnt-deh) were present in tnt-degrading enzymes of citrobacter freundii simultaneously. the time course of formation for the enzymes and the actions of coenzymes in enzymatic reaction of tnt have been studied. the effects of varied carbon and nitrogen sources on the regulation of the enzymes were different clearly. when the concentration of nh4cl or urea in culture medium was more than 0.1 mol/l, th ...19892800543
potentiation of ferrous sulphate and ascorbate on the microbial transformation of endogenous trimethylamine n-oxide to trimethylamine and dimethylamine in squid extracts.the levels of trimethylamine n-oxide (tmao) in the new zealand (nototodarus sloani) species of squid extracts were extremely high (above 9200 ppm). when the extracts were incubated for 2 days at 25 degrees c, approximately 60% tmao was converted to trimethylamine (tma) and dimethylamine (dma). this conversion was very low or negligible at 4 degrees c, but was potentiated by the presence of ferrous sulphate (0.014 m) and ascorbate (0.014 m). citrobacter freundii and aeromonas hydrophilia were iso ...19892807105
interactions of meropenem with class i chromosomal beta-lactamases.most newer penicillins and cephalosporins are labile to the class i beta-lactamases that are inducible in pseudomonas aeruginosa. enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., serratia spp. and indole-positive proteeae, but fail to induce enzyme synthesis below the mic. they remain active against the inducible strains but not against mutants (termed 'stably depressed') that manufacture beta-lactamase copiously without induction. such mutants are segregated at high frequency and may be selected during the ...19892808208
bactericidal activity of meropenem and interactions with other antibiotics.mics of meropenem for selected clinical isolates of bacteria were determined. killing curves were performed on strains of methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant staph. aureus (mrsa), methicillin-resistant staph, epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter freundii and acinetobacter spp. a reduction of greater than or equal to 3 x log10 in viable cells was observed at 4 and 6 h of exposure to 4 and 8 x mic, ...19892808210
comparative in vitro activity of a new quinolone, am-1091.the in vitro activity of a new quinolone, am-1091 [7-(3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro- 4-oxo- 3-quinoline carboxylic acid hydrochloride], was compared with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, beta-lactams, and gentamicin. am-1091 inhibited 90% of the isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 0.12 micrograms/ml. for many species am-1091 was 2-fold more active than ciprofloxacin and 2- to 32-fold more active than ofloxacin. it inhibited e ...19892675753
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