| immunochemical studies on citrobacter o antigens (lipopolysaccharides). | | 1971 | 4934680 |
| r-b enteric differential system for identification of enterobacteriaceae. | the r/b enteric differential system for identifying enteric bacteria has been evaluated with 451 "unknown" cultures from the stock culture collection of the center for disease control. an average of 89.6% of these cultures were correctly identified by the r/b system, when used as recommended by the manufacturer but without the assistance of serology. this percentage ranged, however, from 47% for klebsiella to 100% for serratia and providencia. of 11 groups or genera of enterobacteriaceae tested, ... | 1971 | 4935490 |
| r factors of escherichia coli strains causing urinary tract infections, their types of transfer factors and differences in their transmissibility to citrobacter and salmonella typhimurium recipient strains. | | 1971 | 4939358 |
| citrobacter freundii mutants deficient in host specificity functions and their recipient ability for foreign deoxyribonucleic acid. | | 1971 | 4941950 |
| preparation and testing of polyvalent conjugates for fluorescent-antibody detection of salmonellae. | a polyvalent oh conjugate for salmonella o groups a through i, k, l, and o was prepared and tested against pure cultures of salmonellae, nonsalmonellae, and a variety of food, fecal, and environmental specimens. examination of pure cultures revealed that the conjugate gave negligible staining with representative strains of shigella, proteus, providence, serratia, and pseudomonas. however, it stained 12% of the escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii strains and 36% of the arizona strains. over ... | 1971 | 4943590 |
| [study of several highly pathogenic atypical citrobacter strains. 2. cytotoxic effects of culture filtrates]. | | 1966 | 4963969 |
| physicochemical and biological properties of sonically treated vi antigen. | electrophoretically purified vi antigen from citrobacter freundii 5396/38 was depolymerized by sonic treatment. the treatment caused an 80% reduction in specific viscosity and a reduction in molecular weight from 1.6 x 10(6) to 3.9 x 10(4). the o-acetyl and n-acetyl contents of the antigen and its infrared spectrum remained unchanged. the sonically treated antigen was only 1% as effective as the original antigen in eliciting protection in mice against challenge with salmonella typhi. sonically t ... | 1967 | 4964477 |
| [contributions to the study of salmonellae. common proteins of salmonellae belonging to groups b, c, d, and e, and their relation with citrobacter ballerup]. | | 1968 | 4969255 |
| [acute enterocolitis associated with bacteria of the citrobacter genus]. | | 1972 | 5018432 |
| [antigenic characteristics of standard strains of bacteria of the citrobacter genus (o-antigens)]. | | 1972 | 5037752 |
| the physiological role of tetrathionate respiration in growing citrobacter. | | 1972 | 5039254 |
| a new group of enterobacteria, possibly a new citrobacter sp. | | 1971 | 5116253 |
| nutritional requirements of arizona, citrobacter, and providencia. | the nutritional requirements of arizona, citrobacter, and providencia are compared, and chemically defined media in which these organisms may be grown are reported. | 1971 | 5128338 |
| on the taxonomy, ecology and immunochemistry of genus citrobacter. | | 1971 | 5170795 |
| beta-lactamase activity and resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, and cephaloridine of klebsiella, enterobacter, and citrobacter. | | 1969 | 5202413 |
| gangrenous ulcer and septicemia due to citrobacter. | | 1969 | 5253645 |
| frequency of occurrence of native hapten among enterobacterial species. | anacker, r. l. (rocky mountain laboratory, hamilton, mont.), w. d. bickel, w. t. haskins, k. c. milner, e. ribi, and j. a. rudbach. frequency of occurrence of native hapten among enterobacterial species. j. bacteriol. 91:1427-1433. 1966.-smooth cultures of representative enterobacteriaceae were screened for the presence of native hapten, a substance previously extracted with trichloroacetic acid from the protoplasmic fraction of one strain each of escherichia coli o111:b4 and o113. trichloroacet ... | 1966 | 5326701 |
| beta-galactosidase for distinguishing between citrobacter and salmonella. | detection of beta-galactosidase with the aid of o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (onpg) was examined as a means for distinguishing between citrobacter and salmonella. several factors which influence sensitivity and reliability of the test were studied. a bacteriostat, sodium azide, was included to permit prolonged incubation of weak and negative strains of enteric bacilli. by the procedure described, salmonellae gave negative onpg tests; all of 171 strains of citrobacter gave positive test ... | 1966 | 5335384 |
| [study of bacteriocins produced by bacteria belonging to the citrobacter-bethesda group]. | | 1966 | 5339591 |
| [influence of the inoculum on the growth of citrobacter intermedium c3 in a discontinued culture]. | | 1969 | 5386019 |
| [classification of genus citrobacter]. | | 1970 | 5444292 |
| the identification of 4-deoxy-d-arabino-hexose as a constituent in lipopolysaccharides of four citrobacter species. | | 1970 | 5471817 |
| [the biochemical characteristics of standard strains of bacteria of the genus citrobacter]. | | 1970 | 5494780 |
| [colonial heterogeneity of citrobacter intermedium c3, in relation to alanine secretion]. | | 1970 | 5499090 |
| [fimbriae in bacteria of the citrobacter genus]. | | 1971 | 5553628 |
| citrobacter group including the bethesda-ballerup (cbb) strains isolated in vellore. | | 1971 | 5579233 |
| carbohydrate composition of the phenol-soluble lipopolysaccharides of citrobacter freundii. | phenol-soluble lipopolysaccharides were obtained from the interphase and phenol phase fractions of 44% aqueous phenol-extracted citrobacter species. upon detailed investigation of c. freundii 8090, the two lipopolysaccharide fractions were found to contain different amounts of lipid a, although qualitative composition was similar. both contained lipid a, 2-keto-deoxyoctonic acid, heptose, phosphate, d-glucose, galactose, rhamnose, 2-acetamido-2 deoxy-d-glucose, 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose, ... | 1968 | 5669888 |
| [a case of neonatal purulent meningitis caused by citrobacter]. | | 1968 | 5739230 |
| the transfer of a factor which determines glutamate secretion from citrobacter intermedium c-3 to paracolobactrum intermedium. | | 1969 | 5795904 |
| [production of alanine by fermentation with citrobacter intermedium c3]. | | 1969 | 5800561 |
| the clinical significance of citrobacter intermedium. | | 1969 | 5809203 |
| investigation of the enteric bacteria of the testudinata. i. occurrence of the genera arizona, citrobacter, edwardsiella and salmonella. | | 1969 | 5817792 |
| [investigation of several highly pathogenic atypical citrobacter strains]. | | 1964 | 5831629 |
| [contribution to the problems of salmonella diagnosis: biochemical separation of citrobacter (e. freundii inclusive of ballerup-bethesda) from the salmonella group with the aid of the demonstration of lysin decarboxylase]. | | 1964 | 5831687 |
| [role of germs of the citrobacter group in the etiology of alimentary toxinfections]. | | 1964 | 5837424 |
| [citrobacter]. | | 1965 | 5869289 |
| classification of enterobacteria based on overall similarity. | krieg, r. e. (iowa state university, ames), and w. r. lockhart. classification of enterobacteria based on overall similarity. j. bacteriol. 92:1275-1280. 1966.-a numerical study was made of 53 organisms, representing 12 genera of the family enterobacteriaceae and 4 members of the genus aeromonas. a total of 105 features was determined for each culture. matching coefficients were computed, and the organisms were sorted into phenetic groups by use of the "highest-link" criterion. the genera entero ... | 1966 | 5924265 |
| on the antigenic relationships of certain citrobacter and hafnia cultures. | | 1966 | 5953824 |
| occurrence of a 3-amino sugar in the cell wall of citrobacter freundii 8090. | | 1966 | 5970884 |
| separation of a hemolysin, a lethal factor and two proteases from culture filtrates of some pathogenic citrobacter strains by means of deae sephadex a-50. | | 1966 | 5991150 |
| [antigen structure and antigenic relationships of the species citrobacter]. | | 1966 | 5993491 |
| occurrence of 3-amino-3,6-dideoxyhexoses in salmonella and related bacteria. | several species of salmonella, citrobacter, and arizona were examined for the presence of 3-amino sugars, which were isolated from lipopolysaccharide hydrolysates by cation exchange chromatography and identified by paper and cation exchange chromatography in several systems and by specific colorimetric procedures. 3-amino-3,6-dideoxyglucose was identified in c. freundii 8090, c. freundii 869, s. halle, s. telaviv, s. dakar, s. wandsworth, and s. champaign; 3-amino-3,6-dideoxygalactose was found ... | 1967 | 6025452 |
| changing patterns of hospital infections: implications for therapy. changing mechanisms of bacterial resistance. | during the past decade there has been a marked increase in resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial agents. microorganisms have developed the ability to make altered receptors for antimicrobial agents, have prevented agents from reaching their receptors within the bacterial cell, now have enzymes to destroy antibiotics, and have resistant metabolic pathways. altered penicillin receptors, penicillin-binding proteins, have been found in streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus faecalis, staphylococc ... | 1984 | 6087659 |
| correction of the nucleotide sequence of the citrobacter freundii tryptophan operon regulatory region. | we present a correction of the previously reported nucleotide sequence of the citrobacter freundii trp operon regulatory region. the original sequence analyses were performed with a plasmid designated pcf2. we repeated the cloning of the trp regulatory region of c. freundii and concluded from the determined sequence that a dna rearrangement had occurred within the leader region of the cloned trp dna of pcf2. the correct sequence is homologous to the escherichia coli sequence. | 1984 | 6090386 |
| in vivo antibacterial activity of cefodizime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic. | the in vivo activity of cefodizime (hr 221) was compared with that of cefotaxime (ctx), cefmenoxime, latamoxef, cefazolin and cefmetazole (cmz). the protective effects of hr 221 on experimental infections in mice caused by staphylococcus aureus smith, escherichia coli c-11, proteus vulgaris gn-76 and serratia marcescens no. 2 were directly related to its in vitro activity against these strains. in contrast, the compound showed the smallest ed50 values, among the 5 antibiotics tested (not includi ... | 1984 | 6092740 |
| evidence for clustering of rna polymerase and ribosomal protein genes in six species of enterobacteria. | 32p-labelled dna fragments from the e. coli beta operon were used as hybridisation probes for homologous dna sequences in chromosomal digests of six species of enterobacteria. in all species the hybridisation pattern suggested clustering of the genes comprising the beta operon. | 1984 | 6092848 |
| treatment of 160 cases of acute bacterial meningitis with cefotaxime. | one hundred and sixty cases of acute bacterial meningitis were treated with cefotaxime. patients were between 9 days and 79 years old: 7 new borns, 37 infants, 43 children, 19 adolescents and 54 adults. fifty-eight patients (36%) were in coma when admitted. aetiology was determined in 110 patients (68.8%): neisseria meningitidis in 42, streptococcus pneumoniae in 36, haemophilus influenzae in 16, salmonella spp. in 7, staphylococcus aureus in 2, enterobacter spp. in 2 and haemophilus parainfluen ... | 1984 | 6094440 |
| single-dose cefotaxime in the treatment of urinary tract infections in children: a randomized clinical trial. | thirty-seven patients with a median age of 5 years with symptomatic lower or upper urinary tract infection, documented by a clean-catch midstream urine culture and sediment examination, completed a randomized study comparing the effectiveness of a single dose of cefotaxime with 10-day treatment with an antibiotic chosen by in-vitro sensitivities. eighteen patients were randomly assigned to the cefotaxime group (50 mg/kg/im route) and 19 patients were placed in the 10-day therapy group. in the ce ... | 1984 | 6094457 |
| [fundamental and clinical studies of sulbactam/cefoperazone in the pediatric field]. | to 6 cases of children in 2 groups of 3 each, newly developed sulbactam/cefoperazone (sbt/cpz) was given at 20 and 40 mg/kg by intravenous bolus injection, respectively, and the serum and urinary concentrations and recoveries of sbt and cpz were determined. to 1 case of purulent meningitis, this drug was given at 40 mg/kg by intravenous bolus injection, and the cerebrospinal fluid and serum concentrations of sbt and cpz were determined. susceptibility tests to sbt/cpz and cpz of total 289 strain ... | 1984 | 6094868 |
| cefmenoxime: clinical evaluation. | cefmenoxime was evaluated in an open trial consisting of 41 patients. forty infections in 36 patients could be evaluated. thirteen patients had pyelonephritis due to escherichia coli (two bacteremic), pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, or streptococcus faecalis; all improved and 12 of 13 were clinically cured, but one relapse (s. faecalis) occurred at two weeks. six patients with cystitis due to e. coli, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, p. aeruginosa, or s. faecalis all imp ... | 1984 | 6097126 |
| efficacy of ceftizoxime administered twice daily in hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections. | the efficacy and safety of ceftizoxime administered twice daily were evaluated in 215 hospitalized patients with documented lower respiratory tract infections. the majority of patients received 1 to 2 gm of ceftizoxime intramuscularly or intravenously every 12 hours; the mean dosage was 2 gm/day, and the mean duration of therapy was 8.9 days. clinical cure was achieved in 204 (95%) of the 215 patients with lower respiratory tract infection. one hundred and thirty-eight patients were both clinica ... | 1984 | 6097357 |
| [laboratory and clinical studies of ceftriaxone in the pediatric field]. | the authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of ceftriaxone (ro 13-9904, ctrx) and obtained the following results. the antibacterial activities of ctrx against the clinical isolates of s. aureus, e. coli, k. pneumoniae, e. cloacae, e. aerogenes, s. marcescens, citrobacter sp. and p. aeruginosa were measured by the agar dilution method with inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. the susceptibility distribution of s. aureus to ctrx ranged from 0.2 to 12.5 micrograms/ml, and the peak ... | 1984 | 6098706 |
| [resistance spectrum of various bacteria against cefotiam in 3 berlin clinics]. | the in vitro activity of cefotiam (spizef) was tested using the agar diffusion test method according to din 58940 and compared with the antibacterial activity of 12 other routinely tested antibacterial chemotherapeutics. a total of 3000 strains from patients' specimens from the university hospital of the free university of berlin and the municipal wenckebach hospital, west berlin, was tested. cefotiam proved effective against strains of staphylococcus aureus in 99,4%, escherichia coli in 99,7%, ... | 1983 | 6099820 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of e-0702, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin. | e-0702 is an antipseudomonal cephalosporin derivative which has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. its in vitro antibacterial activities were less than those of cefoperazone and cefotaxime against staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, but were significantly high against gram-negative bacteria including the pseudomonas group. it was most characteristic that e-0702 showed high antibacterial activity agai ... | 1982 | 6100421 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefmenoxime. | the activity of cefmenoxime, an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was studied against 650 bacteria. it was slightly less active than cefotaxime and more active than moxalactam against staphylococci. it had activity similar to that of cefotaxime and ceftizoxime against group a and b streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae. it did not inhibit streptococcus faecalis or listeria spp. cefmenoxime had activity similar to that of cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, and moxalactam against escherichia co ... | 1982 | 6100427 |
| [interest of gamma-glutamyltransferase in "enterobacteriaceae" (author's transl)]. | gamma-glutamyltransferase (gammagt) could be detected in 86,6% of 3,027 strains of enterobacteriaceae, by the use of gamma-l-glutamin-p-nitranilide acid for substrate. the following species produced gamma gt: citrobacter freundii, levinea malonatica, l. amalonatica, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, k. ozaenae, enterobacter aerogenes, e. cloacae, e. agglomerans, e. gergoviae, k. ozaenae, enterobacter aerogenes, e. cloacae, e. agglomerans, e. gergoviae, hafnia alvei, erwinia carotovora, serratia ... | 1980 | 6104464 |
| vi serology in the detection of typhoid carriers. | a new haemagglutination assay for vi antibodies was evaluated in searches for symptom-free carriers of salmonella typhi associated with sporadic cases of typhoid fever. the assay differs from previous ones in that a purified (instead of crude) vi antigen from citrobacter was used to sensitise the red blood cells. in ten sporadic outbreaks of typhoid stool culture identified seven enteric carriers of s. typhi among the patients' families or other close contacts. all seven carriers had vi antibodi ... | 1981 | 6110821 |
| [influence of chloramphenicol on glutamic acid excretion in citrobacter intermedius c3 (author's transl)]. | chloramphenicol inhibits growth of c. intermedius c3 along with glutamic acid excretion, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and the percentage of glutamic acid excreting colonies in solid medium. repression of isocitrate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase may explain the observed decrease in extracellular glutamic acid accumulation even when media were supplemented with 2-oxoglutarate, a known inducer of excretion in c. intermedius c3. | 1981 | 6118915 |
| enteropathogenicity: recent developments. | recent studies have added important new information to our understanding of the pathogenesis and ethiology of diarrheal disease. vibrio cholerae produces a heat-labile enterotoxin, affecting cyclic amp. a very similar heat-labile enterotoxin is produced also by certain strains of escherichia coli, as well as by citrobacter, klebsiella, and aeromonas. e. coli may also produce a heat-stable enterotoxin, stimulating guanylate cyclase activity. in order to produce the pathologic effects, e. coli fir ... | 1982 | 6126611 |
| a virulence plasmid in escherichia coli enterotoxigenic for humans: intergenetic transfer and expression. | we studied the colonization-factor antigen i (cfa/i) fimbriae- and heat-stable enterotoxin (st)-coding plasmid of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (strain h10407, serotype o78:h11) pathogenic for humans. with use of conjugal-transfer system of e. coli h10407 and transposon-labeling techniques, the virulence plasmid was shown to be transferable to many species of the family enterobacteriaceae, including the enteropathogens, shigella and salmonella species, and the opportunistic pathogens, klebsie ... | 1984 | 6149247 |
| citrobacter diversus meningitis and brain abscess associated with bacteroides melaninogenicus. | | 1984 | 6151172 |
| [use of a liquid nutrient medium with urea for isolating citrobacter and klebsiella]. | | 1980 | 6160307 |
| genetic regulation of variable vi antigen expression in a strain of citrobacter freundii. | certain strains of the genus citrobacter exhibit a variable expression of the vi surface antigen that appears to involve a special mechanism for regulation of gene expression. two nonlinked chromosomal loci, viaa and viab, are known to determine nonvariable vi antigen expression in strains of salmonella. to confirm the presence of analogous loci in citrobacter and to ascertain whether either of them is involved in variable vi antigen expression in this organism, donor strains were constructed fr ... | 1981 | 6161917 |
| [differential-diagnostic value of 4 tests of lysine decarboxylation by citrobacter and salmonella species bacteria]. | | 1981 | 6168818 |
| poly(adenylic acid) in small amounts, free or covalently linked to substrate, protects rna from hydrolysis by ribonuclease. | short lengths (18 residues) of poly(a), covalently linked to the 3'-termini of escherichia coli 5 s rrna, induce powerful inhibitions (38-87%) of the activities of rnaases (ribonucleases) from citrobacter sp., enterobacter sp., bovine pancreas, human spleen and human plasma. as the polypurine chain length is extended, enzyme activity declines. furthermore, poly(a) sequences, present only on a small subpopulation of rna, and accounting for less than 1% of total rna, serve to protect all rna, poly ... | 1981 | 6171250 |
| structural and serological analysis of citrobacter-036-specific polysaccharide, the homopolymer of (beta 1 leads to 2)-linked 4-deoxy-d-arabinohexopyranosyl units. | | 1981 | 6173213 |
| polysaccharides and their common proteinic carrier in the vi antigens of citrobacter ballerup and salmonella typhi ty2. | immunochemical analysis of citrobacter ballerup and salmonella typhi ty2 showed that the strains share native and heat-resistant proteins that are, apparently, the carriers of a common polysaccharidic determinant present in their respective somatic antigens. after the classic acetic acid hydrolysis, the somatic antigen of c. ballerup reacted, in agar gel, against the homologous antiserum by two precipitation lines, one of which also precipitated against the anti s, typhi ty2 serum; the hydrolysi ... | 1981 | 6176838 |
| localization of the structural gene of colicin a on the restriction map of the plasmid pcol a-ca 31 through hybridization with its messenger rna. | | 1982 | 6177555 |
| characterization of anti-citrobacter 036 specific polysaccharide monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal mouse antibodies specific for the 0 antigen of citrobacter 036, a homopolymer of beta (1----2)-linked 4-deoxy-d-arabinohexose, were generated by the hybridoma technique. balb/c mice were immunized with killed whole-cell vaccine and initial selection of active clones was based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) employing purified lipopolysaccharide (lps). concentrated culture supernatants from selected hybrid cultures were used to identify 10 0-antigen specific monoclonal ant ... | 1984 | 6201248 |
| specific identification of salmonella serogroup e antigen o3 by immunofluorescence and coagglutination with antiserum elicited by a synthetic trisaccharide-bovine serum albumin glycoconjugate. | antiserum specific for salmonella o3 antigen was raised by immunization of rabbits with an artificial glycoconjugate consisting of the synthetic trisaccharide beta-d- manp (1----4)-alpha-l- rhap (1----3)-alpha-d-galp covalently linked to bovine serum albumin (beta- mrg -bsa). enzyme immunoassays showed that only lipopolysaccharides extracted from salmonella serogroup e (o3 antigen-containing) bacteria bound the antiserum. the usefulness of the beta- mrg -bsa antiserum for rapid and accurate iden ... | 1984 | 6203930 |
| successful moxalactam therapy for gram-negative bacillary meningitis in neonates. | three neonates with gram-negative bacillary meningitis were treated with moxalactam after therapy with ampicillin plus aminoglycoside, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or chloramphenicol failed to sterilize the csf. clinical improvement and csf sterility occurred after therapy with moxalactam was initiated. moxalactam concentrations in csf exceeded mics of each organism. all three patients were cured of their infection. moxalactam appears to be an effective antibiotic for the treatment of neonatal ... | 1982 | 6210970 |
| in vitro activity of norfloxacin, a quinolinecarboxylic acid, compared with that of beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim. | norfloxacin is a quinolinecarboxylic acid compound. we examined the in vitro activity of this compound against gram-positive and -negative species, including anaerobic species. it inhibited 90% (mic90) of strains of escherichia coli at 0.05 microgram/ml, klebsiella sp. at 0.4 microgram/ml, salmonella and shigella spp. at 0.1 microgram/ml, citrobacter sp. at 0.4 microgram/ml, enterobacter cloacae at 0.2 microgram/ml, enterobacter aerogenes at 0.4 microgram/ml, and enterobacter agglomerans at 0.2 ... | 1982 | 6214995 |
| comparative synergistic activity of netilmicin-piperacillin versus gentamicin-piperacillin. | the synergistic action of the combination netilmicin-piperacillin in comparison to gentamicin-piperacillin was studied in 206 clinical isolates of staphylococci, enterococci, enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa by means of the checkerboard technique. overall, netilmicin-piperacillin acted synergistically against 31% and gentamicin-piperacillin against 14% of the 206 strains. in particular, synergism was more frequently observed with netilmicin-piperacillin against escherichia coli, cit ... | 1982 | 6217066 |
| complementary activity of mezlocillin and the combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid on enterobacteriaceae. | the mics of amoxicillin, mezlocillin and brl 25,000, a combination of two parts amoxicillin and one part clavulanic acid (2am + 1ca), were measured for 331 enterobacteriaceae strains which produced beta-lactamases as demonstrated by nitrocefin. the mic values for mezlocillin and the combination 2am + 1ca were very similar for the total number of the strains investigated. when investigated separately according to the bacterial species, three different sensitivity groups were established for the a ... | 1982 | 6218121 |
| antibacterial activity of norfloxacin. | norfloxacin, a new quinoline derivative, was studied in vitro, and determinations of agar dilution minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) and broth dilution mics and mbcs were made. nalidixic acid and cinoxacin were used as comparative agents. norfloxacin was found to be extremely active against all strains tested of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus mirabilis, indole-positive proteus spp. serratia spp., citrobacter spp., and enterobacter spp., with mics normally below 1 microgram/ml. ... | 1983 | 6219617 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of norfloxacin compared with eight other antimicrobial agents. | the antibacterial activity of norfloxacin, an organic acid structurally related to nalidixic acid, was compared with that of the oral cephalosporins cefaclor and cephalexin, and with that of nalidixic acid, cinoxacin, amikacin, ampicillin, trimethoprim alone and the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. agar dilution studies were performed with a total of 398 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria. norfloxacin was found to be the most active drug studied against each of the diff ... | 1983 | 6224678 |
| norfloxacin versus cotrimoxazole in the treatment of lower urinary tract infections. | in a randomised prospective study 61 patients with lower urinary tract infection received either 200 mg norfloxacin (33 patients) or 480 mg cotrimoxazole (28 patients) twice daily for ten days. pathogens included escherichia coli in 48 patients, proteus mirabilis in ten patients, and enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii and staphylococcus saprophyticus in one patient each. the mics of norfloxacin and cotrimoxazole were less than or equal to 0.03 mg/l and less than or ... | 1983 | 6224685 |
| in-vitro activity of norfloxacin against enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | | 1984 | 6238928 |
| study of the in vitro activity of norfloxacin and other drugs on amoxicillin-resistant uropathogenic isolates. | the in vitro activity of a quinolinecarboxylic acid compound, norfloxacin, was compared with those of amikacin, carbenicillin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, and oxolinic acid against 243 gram-positive and gram-negative amoxicillin-resistant (mic 800 greater than or equal to micrograms/ml) uropathogenic isolates. norfloxacin showed remarkable activity against the majority of the bacteria tested. ninety percent of strains of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis, citrob ... | 1984 | 6241505 |
| in vitro activity of pefloxacin compared to that of quinolones and other antimicrobial agents. | pefloxacin is a new methyl-4-piperazinyl quinolone. it had mic90 values of less than 0.01 to 0.8 micrograms/ml for the majority of escherichia coli, klebsiella, oxytoca, citrobacter, providencia, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, morganella and proteus mirabilis. it inhibited ampicillin, cephalexin and nalidixic acid resistant isolates of these species. against pseudomonas the pefloxacin mic90 was 3.1 micrograms/ml. staphylococcus aureus had a mic50 of 0.4 micrograms/ml and a mic90 o ... | 1984 | 6241847 |
| comparative activities of the oxa-beta-lactam ly127935, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, cefamandole, and ticarcillin against multiply resistant gram-negative bacilli. | a total of 91 multiply resistant bacterial strains, including klebsiella pneumoniae (32 strains), pseudomonas aeruginosa (16 strains), and serratia marcescens (43 strains), were collected during hospital epidemics of nosocomial infection from 1975 to 1979. these strains were resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, and ampicillin. their susceptibility to three new broad-spectrum beta-lactams, ly127935 (a 1-oxa-beta-lactam), cefotaxime (hr 756), and cefoperazone (t 1551) ... | 1980 | 6247970 |
| invertible dna determines host specificity of bacteriophage mu. | the function of the invertible g region of bacteriophage mu is apparently to confer different host specificities on mu. two products of genes s and u, situated in the g region are not needed for the infectivity of mu g(-) particles. in the mu g(-) phage the s gene product and the 21-k polypeptide, presumably the product of gene u, are missing. instead, two other polypeptides with different molecular weights are observed. | 1980 | 6250048 |
| in vitro activities of moxalactam and cefotaxime against aerobic gram-negative bacilli. | the in vitro activities of two new beta-lactam antibiotics, moxalactam disodium (ly 127935) and cefotaxime (hr-756), were compared with cefoxitin, cefamandole, cefuroxime, cephalothin, and, in some instances, carbenicillin, gentamicin, and amikacin against aerobic gram-negative bacilli. test isolates included normally cephalosporin-resistant members of the enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas spp. and a variety of nonfermentative or oxidase-positive bacteria. both moxalactam and cefotaxime demonst ... | 1980 | 6250470 |
| [clinical evaluation of cefotaxime at various dosage levels in urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. | in this study, 63 patients with various urinary tract infections were treated with cefotaxime in different dosages. they were aged from 10 to 82 years (mean: 59). the cases included 33 cystitis, 25 pyelonephritis, 4 chronic prostatitis and 1 orchiepididymitis. 85 strains of enterobacteria were identified: 20 e. coli, 2 citrobacter freundi, 5 proteus mirabilis, 12 indole positive proteus, 1 providentia, 11 klebsiella, 3 enterobacter cloacae and 31 serratia marescens and liquefaciens. 80 of these ... | 1981 | 6259607 |
| effect of combination of cefsulodin and mecillinam. | the effect of cefsulodin in combination with mecillinam was examined against a wide range of bacterial species. the antibacterial spectrum was widened by the combination of cefsulodin and mecillinam in the ratio of 5:1 and 10:1. in overall observations, in the in vitro test, a synergistic effect against clinical isolates was found on klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis and proteus vulgaris, and an additive effect was found on ... | 1981 | 6268593 |
| translocatable resistance to mercuric and phenylmercuric ions in soil bacteria. | of a sample of 42 gram-negative hg-resistant bacteria, three (a pseudomonas fluorescens, a klebsiella sp. and a citrobacter sp.) contained translocatable elements conferring resistance to hg2+ (all three) and to hg2+ and phenylmercuric acetate (p. fluorescens). the discovery of transposable phenylmercuric acetate resistance extends the range of known resistance "transposons" from heavy metals and antibiotics to organometallic compounds. | 1981 | 6268601 |
| beta-lactamase stability and antibacterial activity of cefmenoxime (sce-1365), a novel cephalosporin. | cefmenoxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, has been shown to be stable to a staphylococcus aureus penicillinase and r plasmid-mediated type i and type iv penicillinases. it was also resistant to hydrolysis by most cephalosporinases, but was susceptible to hydrolysis by a proteus vulgaris beta-lactamase. cefmenoxime was active against cephaloridine-resistant species, except pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was moderately resistant to cefmenoxime. cefmenoxime was an inducer of p. vulgaris beta-lact ... | 1981 | 6269488 |
| [study of the minimum inhibiting concentration of a new cephalosporin (hr 756): comparative data with other beta-lactamic antibiotics]. | hr 756 is a new beta-lactamase resistant cephalosporin. the activity of hr 756 was compared in vitro to that of cefamandole, cefoxitine, cefuroxime and cephalothin. a concentration of 1 microgram/ml inhibited practically all isolates of e. coli, salmonella, shigella, proteus indole + and indole --, klebsiella, etc. a lower activity in vitro has been found regarding to enterobacter, serratia, citrobacter and pasteurella. the cefotaxime has some anti-pseudomonas activity at concentrations of 7.5-1 ... | 1981 | 6272823 |
| an r plasmid of broad host-range, coding for resistance to nine antimicrobial agents endemic in gram-negative nosocomial isolates. | of 3952 clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, 246 exhibited resistance to at least carbenicillin, gentamicin and tobramycin. all these isolates, representing eight genera, were resistant to at least nine antimicrobial agents in common, including the three key antibiotics and streptomycin, kanamycin, sisomycin, ampicillin, cephalothin and sulphonamide. the strains could be subdivided into seven groups depending upon additional resistance traits and some were resistant to as many as 15 antibiot ... | 1981 | 6273563 |
| antibacterial activity of n-formimidoyl thienamycin in comparison with cefotaxime, lamoxactam, cefoperazone, piperacillin gentamicin. | the in vitro activity of n-formimidoyl thienamycin (mk 0787), a new stable derivative of thienamycin was compared with that of lamoxactam, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, piperacillin and gentamicin against 410 clinical isolates of common bacteria. in comparison with the other agents, mk 0787 was more or equally active against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, citrobacter spp., klebsiella spp., and serratia spp. it inhibited all isolates at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l, b ... | 1982 | 6279523 |
| characterization of conjugative r plasmids belonging to the new incompatibility group incu. | five conjugative plasmids governing different antibiotic resistance patterns were identified in wild strains of enteric bacteria isolated in czechoslovakia and the g.d.r. between 1976 and 1979. they have been characterized as members of the new incompatibility group incu (reference plasmid ra3 from japan). the molecular sizes of the incu plasmids ranged between 18 and 37 megadaltons; their restriction fragment patterns indicated them to be distinct types. | 1981 | 6279765 |
| [antibacterial activities of cefotiam against various pathogens isolated from clinical materials (author's transl)]. | bacteriological evaluation was made on cefotiam (ctm), a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, and the following results wer obtained. 1) ctm has shown very potent antibacterial activities against staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, edwardsiella tarda, citrobacter intermedius, salmonella, klebsiella, proteus mirabilis, proteus rettgeri, proteus inconstans, yersinia enterocolitica, aeromonas hydrophila, plesiomonas shigelloides and pseudomonas putrefaciens. 2) streptococcus faecalis, ... | 1982 | 6285018 |
| synergistic activity of mecillinam in combination with the beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanic acid and sulbactam. | the beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanic acid and sulbactam were combined with mecillinam. beta-lactamase-containing escherichia coli resistant to mecillinam was synergistically inhibited by both clavulanic acid and sulbactam. beta-lactamase-containing enterobacter was synergistically inhibited, but strains lacking beta-lactamases were not synergistically inhibited. synergistic inhibition was noted for beta-lactamase-containing, mecillinam-resistant klebsiella, citrobacter, serratia, and salmone ... | 1982 | 6291454 |
| a new restriction endonuclease from citrobacter freundii. | cfri, a new restriction endonuclease of unique substrate specificity, has been isolated from a citrobacterfreundii strain. the enzyme recognizes a degenerated sequence pyggccpu in double-strand dna and cleaves it between py and g residues to yield 5' -protruding tetranucleotide ends ggcc. | 1982 | 6294607 |
| cefotaxime: a review of in vitro antimicrobial properties and spectrum of activity. | cefotaxime has remarkable potency against all enterobacteriaceae, including enterobacter species, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, and morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, and providencia species--all of which are resistant to earlier cephalosporins. cefotaxime generally inhibits greater than 90% of enteric bacilli at concentrations of less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml; in one study it inhibited greater than 98% of isolates at less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml. for staphyloc ... | 1982 | 6294779 |
| comparative activity of cefotaxime and selected beta-lactam antibiotics against haemophilus influenzae and aerobic gram-negative bacilli. | the activity of cefotaxime was compared with that of ampicillin, moxalactam, and cefoperozone against 50 isolates of haemophilus influenzae and with that of ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefamandole, cefazolin, and several other established and investigational beta-lactam antibiotics against several hundred isolates of gram-negative aerobic enteric bacilli. minimal inhibitory concentrations of the drugs were determined by the agar plate dilution technique for h. influenzae a ... | 1982 | 6294790 |
| treatment of urinary tract infections with cefotaxime: noncomparative and prospective comparative trials. | three studies evaluated the efficacy of cefotaxime for the treatment of urinary tract infections. an open, multicenter, noncomparative trial included 477 patients who received a usual dose of 2 g of intravenous or intramuscular cefotaxime daily for five to 10 days. the maximal daily dosage in severe cases was 12 g. pathogens included escherichia coli and species of citrobacter, pseudomonas, klebsiella, enterobacter, serratia, morganella, providencia, and proteus. of all the causative organisms, ... | 1982 | 6294793 |
| beta-lactamase inhibitory activity of iodopenicillanate and bromopenicillanate. | iodopenicillanate and bromopenicillanate were shown to be effective inhibitors of a variety of beta-lactamases. staphylococcus aureus isolates were synergistically inhibited by iodopenicillanate and bromopenicillanate combined with ampicillin. methicillin-resistant s. aureus was not synergistically inhibited. escherichia coli which possessed tem beta-lactamase activity had a reduction in ampicillin minimal inhibitory concentration, but an e. coli isolate which had chromosomal beta-lactamase and ... | 1983 | 6299186 |
| unusual mode of inhibition of citrobacter freundii beta-lactamases by ceftriaxone. | several citrobacter freundii beta-lactamases, discernible by their substrate profiles and sensitivities to inhibition by newer cephalosporins, were inhibited by ceftriaxone in an unusual manner. inhibition was noncompetitive at low concentrations of cephaloridine but became competitive at concentrations above 600 mum, which is close to the k(m) (570 mum) for cephaloridine. | 1983 | 6301366 |
| [microbiological studies with the new penicillin brl 17421 (temocillin)]. | in vitro evaluation of brl 17421 (temocillin), a new penicillin. the in vitro antibacterial activity of brl 17421 (temocillin), a new penicillin, was determined in quantitative serial broth dilution tests and was compared to that of mezlocillin, piperacillin, cefazolin and cefotaxime against 751 clinical isolates of the enterobacteriaceae family. in addition, the sensitivity of 211 mezlocillin-resistant gram-negative rods to brl 17421 was also determined. temocillin exhibited a high level of ant ... | 1983 | 6302007 |