Publications

peritoneal infection in acute intermittent peritoneal dialysis.	a prospective study was done to evaluate the incidence and microbiological trend of peritoneal infection in patients undergoing acute intermittent peritoneal dialysis (pd). complete sterile procedure was ensured and at the completion of the procedure pd fluid was sent for bacteriological culture, sensitivity, and total and differential cell count. during the period september 2000 to february 2001 a total of 100 patients were evaluated. male female ratio was 72:28. mean age was 43.17 +/- 17.2 yea ...	2003	14669856
a practical synthesis of alpha-d-manp-(1-->3)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->2)-[alpha-d-glcp-(1-->3)]-alpha-d-manp-(1-->2)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->2)-alpha-d-manp, an o-specific heterohexasaccharide fragment of citrobacter braakii o7a, 3b, 1c.	an o-specific heterohexasaccharide fragment of citrobacter braakii o7a, 3b, 1c, alpha-d-manp-(1-->3)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->2)-[alpha-d-glcp-(1-->3)]-alpha-d-manp-(1-->2)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->2)-alpha-d-manp was synthesized as its methyl glycoside. acetylation of allyl 4,6-o-benzylidene-alpha-d-mannopyranoside, followed by debenzylidenization and benzoylation gave allyl 2,3-di-o-acetyl-4,6-di-o-benzoyl-alpha-d-mannopyranoside (3), and subsequent deacetylation of 3 with ch(3)cocl-meoh gave the monosaccha ...	2003	14553977
mutagenesis of suge, a small multidrug resistance protein.	the small multidrug resistance protein family has two subclasses. in this study we used a mutation approach to see what is necessary to convert a sug subgroup member into a quaternary ammonium compound (qac) transporter. we chose four key residues (h24, m39, i43, and a44) conserved within sugs but conserved differently within the qac transporters. altogether, seven mutants were generated in citrobacter freundii suge. surprisingly, the mutated suge demonstrated an increased sensitivity to represe ...	2003	14651958
resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and mortality in patients with citrobacter freundii bacteremia.	this study was performed to characterize the clinical features and to identify the risk factors for resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (escs) and for mortality in patients with citrobacter freundii bacteremia.	2003	14562942
[yearly changes in antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates between 1996 and 2001--ii. gram-negative bacteria].	the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2001 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems and carbapenems. a total of 3,245 strains in 32 species of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from january to december, and consisted of moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, citrobact ...	2003	14567255
antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacilli isolated from infant formulas.	a total of 90 samples of infant formula (if) were collected from the lactary of a teaching hospital, during a 4-month period from july to august 1999. the sanitary conditions of the formulas were analyzed, and a physiological characterization of gram-negative bacillus isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed. colony counts were considered to be unacceptable for the majority of the if samples and the contamination rates were related to inadequate handling. coliforms (35 de ...	2003	14638421
[etiology of cervical vaginal infection among patients of the juárez hospital of mexico].	to identify the etiologic agents of cervicovaginal infection in order to establish an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment.	2003	14974282
a molecular phylogeny of enteric bacteria and implications for a bacterial species concept.	a molecular phylogeny for seven taxa of enteric bacteria (citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, hafnia alvei, klebsiella oxytoca, klebsiella pneumoniae, and serratia plymuthica) was made from multiple isolates per taxa taken from a collection of environmental enteric bacteria. sequences from five housekeeping genes (gapa, groel, gyra, ompa, and pgi) and the 16s rrna gene were used to infer individual gene trees and were concatenated to infer a composite molecular phylogen ...	2003	14640415
development of a rapid 1-h fluorescence-based cytotoxicity assay for listeria species.	listeria monocytogenes is cytotoxic to the lymphocyte-origin hybridoma ped-2e9 cell line. the relative cytotoxicity can be calculated by assaying the release of alkaline phosphatase (alp) from the infected cell line. in this study, a fluorogenic substrate (4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate, mup) was used to quantify the alp activity. the assay is 3.5-fold more sensitive than the colorimetric-based assay and requires only 1 h to differentiate virulent from avirulent strains. in addition to various l ...	2003	14499993
contamination of drinking water by coliforms from biofilms grown on rubber-coated valves.	in water samples from drinking water distribution systems, coliform bacteria (predominantly citrobacter species) were repeatedly detected. disinfection and flushing of the systems did not erase the problem. the pattern of the coliform occurrences indicated contamination originating from biofilms. after inspection of internal surfaces of the systems, no significant biofilm growth was observed on pipe surfaces, but in a number of cases, visible biofilms were detected on rubber-coated valves which ...	2003	14626903
in vitro antibacterial potency and spectrum of abt-492, a new fluoroquinolone.	abt-492 demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against most quinolone-susceptible pathogens. the rank order of potency was abt-492 > trovafloxacin > levofloxacin > ciprofloxacin against quinolone-susceptible staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci. abt-492 had activity comparable to those of trovafloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against seven species of quinolone-susceptible members of the family enterobacteriaceae, although it was less active than the comparators against citro ...	2003	14506039
isolation and characterization of a phytase with improved properties from citrobacter braakii.	citrobacter braakii yh-15 produced an intracellular phytase which was purified 12800 fold to homogeneity with the specific activity of 3457 units mg(-1), which is 1.9 times higher than e. coli phytase previously recorded as having the highest specific activity. its molecular weight was 47 kda by sds-page gel. enzyme activity was optimal at ph 4 and at 50 degrees c. the km value for sodium phytate was 0.46 mm with a vmax 6027 u mg(-1). the phytase was resistant to proteases such as trypsin, pepsi ...	2003	14514072
[activity of frequently used disinfectants and antiseptics against nosocomial bacterial types].	in this study, bactericidal activity of widely used disinfectants and antiseptics (glutaraldehyde, laurylbispropylidentriamin 5 g and benzalkoniumchlorid 20 g, polyvinylpyrolidon iodine, benzalkonium chloride and sodium hypochloride) against some nosocomial bacterial isolates were investigated by qualitative and quantitative suspension test methods. one methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), 6 multi drug-resistant gram-negative hospital isolates (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aerugi ...	2003	14593898
shv-34: an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase encoded by an epidemic plasmid.	to elucidate the causes for treatment failure in children given extended-spectrum cephalosporins.	2003	14613945
citrobacter koseri (diversus) meningitis in an otherwise healthy adolescent.	citrobacter infection is commonly reported in neonates and immunocompromised patients. citrobacter koseri (diversus) is an important cause of neonatal meningitis and brain abscess formation. it adults, however, citrobacter infection with central nervous system involvement is rare, and is usually associated with an underlying disorder. this report describes a 12-y-old previously healthy girl with citrobacter koseri meningitis. intravenous treatment with ceftriaxone for 10 d led to complete recove ...	2003	12751719
sepsis in a renal transplant recipient due to citrobacter braakii.	cellulitis is usually caused by organisms such as beta-hemolytic streptococci and staphylococcus aureus. citrobacter are gram-negative bacilli that can cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts. they are rarely implicated in skin or soft tissue infections. the genus citrobacter has been respeciated according to genetic relatedness. citrobacter braakii refers to the genomospecies 6 of the citrobacter freundii complex. there are no detailed studies of infections caused by the newly ...	2003	14515921
epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria causing skin and soft tissue infections in the usa and europe: a guide to appropriate antimicrobial therapy.	susceptibility data for all organisms associated with a range of skin and soft tissue infections (ssti) in hospitalised patients were studied. data were reported by clinical laboratories in the usa, france, germany, italy and spain during 2001 which participate in the surveillance network (tsn). staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus spp. and coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns), escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most prevalent pathogens in all countries. mrsa was detected in 4 ...	2003	14522104
tyrosine phenol-lyase: the role of the coenzyme-binding residue ser-254 in catalysis.		2003	14531074
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (2001). i. susceptibility distribution].	the bacterial strains isolated from patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (utis) in 10 institutions in japan were supplied between the period of september and december 2001. then, the susceptibilities of them to a variety of antimicrobial agents were investigated. the number of them were 496 strains. the breakdown of these strains was gram-positive bacteria as 29.6% and gram-negative bacteria as 70.4%. susceptibilities of these bacteria to antimicrobial agents were as follows; ag ...	2003	14692378
[post-marketing surveillance of antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates--ii. gram-negative bacteria].	as a post-marketing surveillance, the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, carbapenems, monobactams, and penicillins. changes in czop susceptibility among bacteria were also evaluated with the bacterial resistance ratio calculated from the breakpoint mic. twenty-five species (4,154 strains) of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical ...	2003	14692381
indole can act as an extracellular signal to regulate biofilm formation of escherichia coli and other indole-producing bacteria.	we demonstrated previously that genetic inactivation of tryptophanase is responsible for a dramatic decrease in biofilm formation in the laboratory strain escherichia coli s17-1. in the present study, we tested whether the biochemical inhibition of tryptophanase, with the competitive inhibitor oxindolyl-l-alanine, could affect polystyrene colonization by e. coli and other indole-producing bacteria. oxindolyl-l-alanine inhibits, in a dose-dependent manner, indole production and biofilm formation ...	2003	14569285
citrobacter bacteremia in a tertiary care hospital.	from january 1998 to december 2001, 176 cases of citrobacter bacteremia occurred of which repeat isolation was possible in 48 cases. of 48 isolates, 79.1% were c. diversus and 20.9% c. freundii. citrobacter bacteremia was polymicrobial in 46.1% cases, and maximum number of cases (54.1%) occurred in the age group less than 10 years. portal of entry was unknown (42.3%), respiratory tract (20.9%), gastrointestinal tract (15.3%) and urinary tract 15.3%. c. freundii isolates were relatively more resi ...	2003	14606621
[plasmid profile of common neonatal sepsis causative agents].	the plasmid profile of 25 hospital strains of gram-negative bacteria that are known to be originators of neonatal sepsis was studied by the authors. of these, e. coli, enterobacter spp., and citrobacter spp. proved to be the most frequently seen causative agents in the above health problem, with 13, 5, and 7 strains respectively having been recovered in the studied material. there have been isolated 26 plasmids from the studied 25 bacterial strains. of these, fifty percent were classified as cit ...	2003	14618802
host susceptibility to the attaching and effacing bacterial pathogen citrobacter rodentium.	many studies have shown that genetic susceptibility plays a key role in determining whether bacterial pathogens successfully infect and cause disease in potential hosts. surprisingly, whether host genetics influence the pathogenesis of attaching and effacing (a/e) bacteria such as enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli has not been examined. to address this issue, we infected various mouse strains with citrobacter rodentium, a member of the a/e pathogen family. of the strains te ...	2003	12761129
experimental prediction of the evolution of cefepime resistance from the cmy-2 ampc beta-lactamase.	understanding of the evolutionary histories of many genes has not yet allowed us to predict the evolutionary potential of those genes. intuition suggests that current biochemical activity of gene products should be a good predictor of the potential to evolve related activities; however, we have little evidence to support that intuition. here we use our in vitro evolution method to evaluate biochemical activity as a predictor of future evolutionary potential. neither the class c citrobacter freun ...	2003	12750318
comparative in vitro activity of three fluoroquinolones against clinical isolates by e test.	the in vitro susceptibility of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin against several gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates was tested by e test. we found that the mic(50) and mic(90) values against all members of the enterobacteriaceae family except serratia were <0.5 mg/l for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin (mic range 0.006-32 mg/l) based on the in vitro susceptibility data. the susceptibility rates for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were more than 85% for escherichia coli, ci ...	2003	12886053
detection of morganella morganii, a prolific histamine former, by the polymerase chain reaction assay with 16s rdna-targeted primers.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of the most prolific histamine former, morganella morganii, was developed. 16s rdna targeted pcr primers were designed, and the primer specificity and sensitivity of the pcr assay were evaluated. the 16s rdna sequence (1,503 bp) for m. morganii showed 95% identity to those for enteric bacteria, i.e., enterobacter spp., klebsiella spp., citrobacter spp., hafnia alvei, proteus spp., and providencia spp. the unique primer ...	2003	12929824
serum bactericidal activity of trovafloxacin, in combination with cefepime or amikacin, in healthy volunteers.	to investigate the phamacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities (sbas) of trovafloxacin, cefepime and amikacin alone and trovafloxacin in combination with cefepime or amikacin, so that the most favorable combination with trovafloxacin can be determined.	2003	12925107
central role for b lymphocytes and cd4+ t cells in immunity to infection by the attaching and effacing pathogen citrobacter rodentium.	citrobacter rodentium, an attaching-effacing bacterial pathogen, establishes an acute infection of the murine colonic epithelium and induces a mild colitis in immunocompetent mice. this study describes the role of t-cell subsets and b lymphocytes in immunity to c. rodentium. c57bl/6 mice orally infected with c. rodentium resolved infection within 3 to 4 weeks. conversely, systemic and colonic tissues of rag1(-/-) mice orally infected with c. rodentium contained high and sustained pathogen loads, ...	2003	12933850
evaluation of increased incubation temperature and cefixime-tellurite treatment for the isolation of escherichia coli o157:h7 from minced beef.	to improve enrichment and isolation of escherichia coli o157:h7, this study evaluated increased incubation temperature and cefixime-tellurite (ct) on five strains of each of the following bacteria, e. coli, hafnia alvei, enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii and e. coli o157:h7, and two strains of e. coli o157:nh7. these were grown in pure culture in lst broth with varying cefixime-tellurite concentrations. a range of incubation temperatures from 37 to 46 degrees c was investigated for the inh ...	2003	12927704
enhancement of plasmid curing by 9-aminoacridine and two phenothiazines in the presence of proton pump inhibitor 1-(2-benzoxazolyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-propanone.	plasmid-containing bacteria often cause serious therapeutic failure during the treatment of infectious diseases. the selection of resistant-mutant strains and the transfer of mobile genetic determinants (such as plasmids and transposons) of resistance promote increased antibiotic resistance. in the last 30 years the antiplasmid effect of acridine dyes, ethidium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulphate and phenothiazines was described. the main aim of this study was to test the mechanism of the antiplasm ...	2003	13678825
bacteriology of chronic suppurative otitis media in congolese children.	the study intended to identify bacteria active in the chronic suppurative otitis media and to determine their sensitivity to current antibiotics.	2003	14571655
comparative genomic analysis of dha regulon and related genes for anaerobic glycerol metabolism in bacteria.	the dihydroxyacetone (dha) regulon of bacteria encodes genes for the anaerobic metabolism of glycerol. in this work, genomic data are used to analyze and compare the dha regulon and related genes in different organisms in silico with respect to gene organization, sequence similarity, and possible functions. database searches showed that among the organisms, the genomes of which have been sequenced so far, only two, i.e., klebsiella pneumoniae mgh 78578 and clostridium perfringens contain a compl ...	2003	12675558
citrobacter rodentium translocated intimin receptor (tir) is an essential virulence factor needed for actin condensation, intestinal colonization and colonic hyperplasia in mice.	citrobacter rodentium infection of mice serves as a relevant small animal model to study enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) and enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) infections in man. enteropathogenic e. coli and ehec translocate tir into the host cytoplasmic membrane, where it serves as the receptor for the bacterial adhesin intimin and plays a central role in actin condensation beneath the adherent bacterium. in this report, we examined the function of c. rodentium tir both in vitro and in ...	2003	12657048
septic fibrinous pericarditis in a cocker spaniel.	a four-year-old cocker spaniel presented with cardiac tamponade due to a pericardial effusion, in addition to pyrexia and peripheral neutrophilia and a recent history of chest trauma. cytological examination of the pericardial effusion revealed a predominant neutrophilia. the echocardiographic findings were of numerous hyperechoic densities in the pericardial space, due to fibrin, with concurrent thickening and distortion of the pericardium. postmortem examination, including microbiology, reveal ...	2003	12653326
adhesion of escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii and klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from milk: consequence on the efficiency of sanitation procedures.	the effects of adhesion and of biofilm development on the efficiency of cleaning and disinfection procedures were investigated on three strains belonging to the e. coli, c. freundii and k. pneumoniae species, which were able to raise more or less complex biofilms. resistance to a rinsing procedure was strain dependent but not related to the biofilm structure: e. coli was poorly adherent although embedded in an organic matrix. conversely, a similar increase in the heat- and disinfectant-resistanc ...	2003	12701933
development of a plating medium for selection of helicobacter pylori from water samples.	the goal of this study was to develop a simple plating medium to allow large-scale screening of water samples for the presence of helicobacter pylori. five conventional plating media (brain heart infusion, brucella agar, columbia blood agar base, campylobacter agar kit skirrow, and hpspa medium), each containing a commercial antibiotic supplement, were initially evaluated. eight strains selected as common waterborne organisms (acinetobacter, aeromonas, bacillus, escherichia coli, enterobacter, e ...	2003	12732566
extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae in a tertiary care hospital in trinidad and tobago.	extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) mediated resistance to third generation cephalosporins, amongst the family enterobacteriaceae, is emerging worldwide. this is the caribbean's first survey on esbl production, and was conducted during two six-month periods in 1998 and 2001, in a tertiary health institution in trinidad and tobago. consecutive ampicillin resistant isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae from in-patients were screened for resistance to third generation cephalosporins, and fo ...	2003	12806752
[continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial gram-negative bacilli from intensive care units in china].	to investigate the change of antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial gram-negative bacilli, especially those of enterobacteriaceae isolated from intensive care units from 1994 to 2001 in china.	2003	12820912
identification of a novel type iv pilus gene cluster required for gastrointestinal colonization of citrobacter rodentium.	citrobacter rodentium is used as an in vivo model system for clinically significant enteric pathogens such as enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) and enteropathogenic e. coli (epec). these pathogens all colonize the lumen side of the host gastrointestinal tract via attaching and effacing (a/e) lesion formation. in order to identify genes required for the colonization of a/e-forming pathogens, a library of signature-tagged transposon mutants of c. rodentium was constructed and screened in ...	2003	12694622
the identity of the o-specific polysaccharide structure of citrobacter strains from serogroups o2, o20 and o25 and immunochemical characterisation of c. youngae pcm 1507 (o2a,1b) and related strains.	serological studies using sds-page and immunoblotting revealed that from five strains that are ascribed to citrobacter serogroup o2, four strains, pcm 1494, pcm 1495, pcm 1496 and pcm 1507, are reactive with specific anti-citrobacter o2 serum. in contrast, strain pcm 1573 did not react with anti-citrobacter o2 serum and, hence, does not belong to serogroup o2. the lps of citrobacter youngae o2a,1b (strain pcm 1507) was degraded under mild acidic conditions and the o-specific polysaccharide (ops) ...	2003	12727368
environmental isolates of citrobacter braakii that agglutinate with escherichia coli o157 antiserum but do not possess the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of o157 somatic antigen.	while searching for escherichia coli o157 in the aquatic environment of calcutta using an immunodetection procedure, we fortuitously detected five strains of citrobacter braakii, which cross-reacted with the commercially available o157 polyvalent antiserum. the five c. braakii isolates gave positive results when a sensitive dot-elisa was performed with e. coli o157 monoclonal antibody. further, the o157 monoclonal antibody recognized the bands of proteinase k treated whole cells of lipopolysacch ...	2003	12729185
cloning and sequencing of the histidine decarboxylase genes of gram-negative, histamine-producing bacteria and their application in detection and identification of these organisms in fish.	the use of molecular tools for early and rapid detection of gram-negative histamine-producing bacteria is important for preventing the accumulation of histamine in fish products. to date, no molecular detection or identification system for gram-negative histamine-producing bacteria has been developed. a molecular method that allows the rapid detection of gram-negative histamine producers by pcr and simultaneous differentiation by single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) analysis using the ...	2003	12732523
citrobacter freundii septicemia in two dogs.	a 4-month-old maltese puppy and a 7.5-year-old collie were diagnosed with septicemia associated with citrobacter freundii. the puppy died soon, after developing weakness and mucohemorragic diarrhea. the collie had immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia and was treated with immunosuppressive drugs before being euthanized. gross examination of the puppy revealed mucohemorrhagic intestinal contents. focal necrotic hepatitis, fibrinous peritonitis, interstitial pneumonia, and hemorrha ...	2003	12735357
antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urinary pathogens in trinidad, 1996-1999.	the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among urinary pathogens has been increasing worldwide. laboratory diagnosed urinary tract infections were retrospectively evaluated for the years 1996 through 1999, to document the common pathogens and their changing antimicrobial profiles. from 14,853 hospital specimens, an isolation rate of 6.1% was found; and from 5330 community specimens, the isolation rate was 27.9%. e. coli was the predominant cause of urinary tract infections in both hospital and ...	2003	12793792
composition, acquisition, and distribution of the vi exopolysaccharide-encoding salmonella enterica pathogenicity island spi-7.	vi capsular polysaccharide production is encoded by the viab locus, which has a limited distribution in salmonella enterica serovars. in s. enterica serovar typhi, viab is encoded on a 134-kb pathogenicity island known as spi-7 that is located between partially duplicated trna(pheu) sites. functional and bioinformatic analysis suggests that spi-7 has a mosaic structure and may have evolved as a consequence of several independent insertion events. analysis of viab-associated dna in vi-positive s. ...	2003	12923078
epidemiological risk factors for isolation of ceftriaxone-resistant versus -susceptible citrobacter freundii in hospitalized patients.	antimicrobial resistance is an emerging problem among nosocomial bacteria. risk factors for the recovery of ceftriaxone-resistant (crcf) or -susceptible (cscf) citrobacter freundii in clinical cultures from hospitalized patients were determined by using a case-case-control study design. crcf was isolated from 43 patients (case group 1) and cscf was isolated from 87 patients (case group 2) over a 3-year period. risk factors for crcf were exposure to imipenem (odds ratio [or], 7.5; 95% confidence ...	2003	12936989
outcome of antibiotic therapy for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacteraemia: an analysis of 249 cases caused by citrobacter, enterobacter and serratia species.	two hundred and forty-nine patients with monomicrobial bacteraemia due to third-generation cephalosporin (tgc)-resistant citrobacter freundii (42), e. aerogenes (23), e. cloacae (143), and serratia marcescens (41) were analyzed for antibiotic therapy used and outcome. for isolates with resistance to any of the tgcs, all beta-lactams, except imipenem, were considered ineffective. of 152 patients given appropriate treatment, the mortality rates were 10.9% for 128 patients given monotherapy and 25. ...	2003	12927949
clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: prevalence of ctx-m-3 at a hospital in china.	the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains was demonstrated in 5 of 44 (11.4%) escherichia coli, 17 of 43 (39.5%) klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 of 50 (6.0%) enterobacter cloacae, and 2 of 25 (8.0%) citrobacter freundii strains at a teaching hospital in china. nineteen of these 27 strains expressed ctx-m-3 beta-lactamase (pi 8.6). a subset of the clinical isolates expressing the ctx-m-3 enzyme, tested by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, revealed multiple clones. five isolate ...	2003	12543694
a dynamic structure for the acyl-enzyme species of the antibiotic aztreonam with the citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase revealed by infrared spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations.	infrared difference spectra show that at least 4 conformations coexist for the ester carbonyl group of the stable acyl-enzyme species formed between the antibiotic aztreonam and the class c beta-lactamase from citrobacter freundii. a novel method for the assignment of the bands that arise from the ester carbonyl group has been employed. this has made use of the finding that the infrared absorption intensity of aliphatic esters is surprisingly constant, so a direct comparison with simple model es ...	2003	12590581
kinetic studies on endo-beta-galactosidase by a novel colorimetric assay and synthesis of n-acetyllactosamine-repeating oligosaccharide beta-glycosides using its transglycosylation activity.	novel chromogenic substrates for endo-beta-galactosidase were designed on the basis of the structural features of keratan sulfate. galbeta1-4glcnacbeta1-3galbeta1-4glcnacbeta-pnp (2), which consists of two repeating units of n-acetyllactosamine, was synthesized enzymatically by consecutive additions of glcnac and gal residues to p-nitrophenyl beta-n-acetyllactosaminide. in a similar manner, glcnacbeta1-3galbeta1-4glcnacbeta-pnp (1), glcnacbeta1-3galbeta1-4glcbeta-pnp (3), galbeta1-4glcnacbeta1-3 ...	2003	12950254
host defences to citrobacter rodentium.	citrobacter rodentium is a natural non-invasive bacterial pathogen which infects the distal colon of mice. it uses the same molecular mechanisms of type iii secretion as human enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli to colonise the epithelial cells of the gut and is therefore an ideal model to study host-bacterial pathogen interactions in vivo. infection elicits mucosal inflammation with similarities to inflammatory bowel disease, and so it is a readily accessible model to invest ...	2003	12755369
isolation and characterization of aromatics-degrading microorganisms from the gut of the lower termite coptotermes formosanus.	we isolated aromatics-degrading bacteria from the gut of a lower termite, coptotermes formosanus, using a mineral salt medium containing various aromatic compounds as the sole carbon source. two species, burkholderia sp. strain ve22 and citrobacter sp. strain va53, were isolated by aerobic enrichment culture with veratraldehyde and vanillin, respectively. strain va53 could also grow and metabolize vanillin anaerobically.	2003	12784634
identification and characterization of coenzyme b12-dependent glycerol dehydratase- and diol dehydratase-encoding genes from metagenomic dna libraries derived from enrichment cultures.	to isolate genes encoding coenzyme b(12)-dependent glycerol and diol dehydratases, metagenomic libraries from three different environmental samples were constructed after allowing growth of the dehydratase-containing microorganisms present for 48 h with glycerol under anaerobic conditions. the libraries were searched for the targeted genes by an activity screen, which was based on complementation of a constructed dehydratase-negative escherichia coli strain. in this way, two positive e. coli clo ...	2003	12788698
similarity of tetracycline resistance genes isolated from fish farm bacteria to those from clinical isolates.	tetracycline-resistant (tet(r)) bacteria were isolated from fishes collected at three different fish farms in the southern part of japan in august and september 2000. of the 66 tet(r) gram-negative strains, 29 were identified as carrying tetb only. four carried tety, and another four carried tetd. three strains carried tetc, two strains carried tetb and tety, and one strain carried tetc and tetg. sequence analyses indicated the identity in tet(r) genes between the fish farm bacteria and clinical ...	2003	12957921
citrobacter koseri brain abscess in the neonatal rat: survival and replication within human and rat macrophages.	a unique feature of citrobacter koseri is the extremely high propensity to initiate brain abscesses during neonatal meningitis. previous clinical reports and studies on infant rats have documented many citrobacter-filled macrophages within the ventricles and brain abscesses. it has been hypothesized that intracellular survival and replication within macrophages may be a mechanism by which c. koseri subverts the host response and elicits chronic infection, resulting in brain abscess formation. in ...	2003	14500508
crystal structure of the citrobacter freundii dihydroxyacetone kinase reveals an eight-stranded alpha-helical barrel atp-binding domain.	dihydroxyacetone kinases are a sequence-conserved family of enzymes, which utilize two different phosphoryldonors, atp in animals, plants and some bacteria, and a multiphosphoprotein of the phosphoenolpyruvate carbohydrate phosphotransferase system in bacteria. here we report the 2.5-a crystal structure of the homodimeric citrobacter freundii dihydroxyacetone kinase complex with an atp analogue and dihydroxyacetone. the n-terminal domain consists of two alpha/beta-folds with a molecule of dihydr ...	2003	12966101
structural and serological studies on a new 4-deoxy-d-arabino-hexose-containing o-specific polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of citrobacter braakii pcm 1531 (serogroup o6).	the o-specific polysaccharide of citrobacter braakii pcm 1531 (serogroup o6) was isolated by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) and found to contain d-fucose, l-rhamnose, 4-deoxy-d-arabino-hexose and o-acetyl groups in molar ratios 2 : 1 : 1 : 1. on the basis of methylation analysis and 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy data, the structure of the branched tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the o-specific polysaccharide was established. using various serological assays, it was demonstr ...	2003	12823543
a 1-month-old with prolonged jaundice.		2003	12865714
molecular and biochemical characterization of a novel class a beta-lactamase (her-1) from escherichia hermannii.	escherichia hermannii showed a low level of resistance to amoxicillin and ticarcillin, reversed by clavulanate, and a moderate susceptibility to piperacillin but was susceptible to all cephalosporins. a bla gene was cloned and encoded a typical class a beta-lactamase (her-1, pi 7.5), which shares 45, 44, 41, and 40% amino acid identity with other beta-lactamases, aer-1 from aeromonas hydrophila, mal-1/cko-1 from citrobacter koseri, and tem-1 and len-1, respectively. no ampr gene was detected. on ...	2003	12878539
pka measurements from nuclear magnetic resonance of tyrosine-150 in class c beta-lactamase.	13c-nmr spectroscopy was used to estimate the p k a values for the tyr(150) (y150) residue in wild-type and mutant class c beta-lactamases. the tyrosine residues of the wild-type and mutant lactamases were replaced with (13)c-labelled l-tyrosine ([ phenol -4-(13)c]tyrosine) in order to observe the tyrosine residues selectively. spectra of the wild-type and k67c mutant (lys(67)-->cys) enzyme were compared with the y150c mutant lactamase spectra to identify the signal originating from tyr(150). ti ...	2003	12513696
evaluation of a novel automated chemiluminescent assay system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.	the newly developed rapid lumi eiken/is60 (rl/is60) system automatically determines mics by detecting chemiluminescence produced in the reaction of a chemiluminescent probe and oxygen metabolites from living microorganisms. the present study evaluated this system for accuracy in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. chemiluminescence intensities after 4 h of cultivation of clinically important strains were plotted against various concentrations of antimicrobial agents, which resulted in curves r ...	2003	12517861
escherichia coli with a self-transferable, multiresistant plasmid coding for metallo-beta-lactamase vim-1.	an escherichia coli strain exhibiting decreased susceptibility to carbapenems was isolated from a hospitalized patient in greece. the strain carried a self-transferable plasmid coding for metallo-beta-lactamase vim-1. bla(vim-1), along with aaca7, dhfri, and aada, was included as a gene cassette in a novel class 1 integron. a citrobacter freundii ampc-derived gene, not associated with the integron, was also located in the same plasmid.	2003	12499222
current implications of drug resistance in spinal cord injury.	a 54-yr-old man with c6 quadriplegia and a neurogenic bowel and bladder was evaluated for clearance of a urinary tract infection after treatment for organisms susceptible to the antibiotics used, and an organism resistant to all antibiotics on the panel grew on the initial follow-up urine culture. multidrug-resistant organisms present increasing challenges and risks in the management of the neurogenic bladder in patients with spinal cord injury. in an effort to control and reduce the impact and ...	2003	12510189
characterization of clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae from italy by the bd phoenix extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detection method.	production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) is an important mechanism of beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteriaceae: identification of esbls based on phenotypic tests is the strategy most commonly used in clinical microbiology laboratories. the phoenix esbl test (bd diagnostic systems, sparks, md.) is a recently developed automated system for detection of esbl-producing gram-negative bacteria. an algorithm based on phenotypic responses to a panel of cephalosporins (ceftazidime plus ...	2003	12682131
occurrence and phenotypic characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among members of the family enterobacteriaceae at the tel-aviv medical center (israel) and evaluation of diagnostic tests.	we assessed the prevalence and phenotypic characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producers among cefuroxime-resistant (cxm-r) (mic > or = 32 micro g/ml) members of the family enterobacteriaceae in our institution. the 438 cxm-r clinical isolates obtained from nonurine sources among inpatients were screened. esbl production was confirmed by disk diffusion assay using cefpodoxime (cpd), cefotaxime (ctx), and ceftazidime (ctz) with and without clavulanate (clav). a difference of ...	2003	12517841
[enterobacter, citrobacter, proteus].		2003	12722249
apparent transmission of citrobacter koseri in catheterized residents on a 17-bed nursing home wing.		2003	12534868
susceptibility patterns of orally administered antimicrobials among urinary tract infection pathogens from hospitalized patients in north america: comparison report to europe and latin america. results from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2000).	urinary tract infections (utis) remain a worldwide nosocomial infection problem. geographic variations in pathogen occurrence and susceptibility profiles require monitoring to provide information to guide new (garenoxacin [bms284756]) therapeutic options. two thousand seven hundred-eighty uti isolates from europe (n = 783), latin america (531), and north america (1,466) were tested and compared against 44 agents by reference methods in the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program. the top seven ...	2003	12730002
structure and mechanism of tryptophan indole-lyase and tyrosine phenol-lyase.	tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl) and tryptophan indole-lyase (trpase) catalyse the reversible hydrolytic cleavage of l-tyrosine or l-tryptophan to phenol or indole, respectively, and ammonium pyruvate. these enzymes are very similar in sequence and structure, but show strict specificity for their respective physiological substrates. we have mutated the active site residues of tpl (thr(124), arg(381), and phe(448)) to those of trpase and evaluated the effects of the mutations. tyr(71) in citrobacter f ...	2003	12686128
structure of the o-specific polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of citrobacter gillenii o11, strain pcm 1540.	the o-specific polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide of citrobacter gillenii pcm 1540 (serogroup o11) consists of d-glc, d-man, d-galnac, d-glcnac, 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-d-galactose (d-fucnac) and o-acetyl groups in the ratios 2:1:1:1:1:1. on the basis of sugar and methylation analyses and smith-degradation along with 1d and 2d 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, the following structure of the branched hexasaccharide repeating unit was established: [structure: see text]. citrobacter werkmanii pcm ...	2003	12801712
prophylactic feeding of lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm to mice attenuates overt colonic hyperplasia.	the objective of this project was to determine if the probiotic lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm would protect mice from developing transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (tmch) caused by citrobacter rodentium. our hypothesis was that the oral administration of l. acidophilus ncfm to mice would mitigate colonic hyperplasia and modulate the host immune response. a concurrent administration (ca) study was performed by feeding mice phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), c. rodentium only, l. acidophilus ...	2003	12636301
bioactivity of secoiridoid glycosides from centaurium erythraea.	as part of our on-going search for bioactive compounds from scottish plants, two secoiridoid glycosides, swertiamarin and sweroside, have been isolated from the aerial parts of centaurium erythraea rafn (family: gentianaceae) by reversed-phase preparative hplc coupled with a photo-diode-array detector. the structures of these compounds were elucidated unambiguously by uv, fabms and extensive 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopic analyses and also by comparing experimental data with literature data. antiba ...	2003	12809366
production of cellulose and curli fimbriae by members of the family enterobacteriaceae isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract.	citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., and klebsiella spp. isolated from the human gut were investigated for the biosynthesis of cellulose and curli fimbriae (csg). while citrobacter spp. produced curli fimbriae and cellulose and enterobacter spp. produced cellulose with various temperature-regulatory programs, klebsiella spp. did not show pronounced expression of those extracellular matrix components. investigation of multicellular behavior in two citrobacter species and enterobacter sakazakii sh ...	2003	12819107
anaerobic cocci populating the deep tissues of chronic wounds impair cellular wound healing responses in vitro.	anaerobic cocci are estimated to be present in the deep tissues of over 50% of chronic skin wounds. while the part they play in the chronicity of these wounds is uninvestigated, anaerobic cocci have previously been shown to be involved in other chronic inflammatory human conditions.	2003	12653737
nmr structure of citrobacter freundii ampd, comparison with bacteriophage t7 lysozyme and homology with pgrp domains.	ampd is a bacterial amidase involved in the recycling of cell-wall fragments in gram-negative bacteria. inactivation of ampd leads to derepression of beta-lactamase expression, presenting a major pathway for the acquisition of constitutive antibiotic resistance. here, we report the nmr structure of ampd from citrobacter freundii (pdb accession code 1j3g). a deep substrate-binding pocket explains the observed specificity for low molecular mass substrates. the fold is related to that of bacterioph ...	2003	12654266
water quality problems associated with intermittent water supply.	a controlled study was conducted in lebanon over a period of 12 months to determine bacterial regrowth in a small network supplying the beirut suburb of naccache that had a population of about 3,000. the residential area, which is fed by gravity, is supplied twice a week with chlorinated water from two artesian wells of a confined aquifer. a significant correlation was detected between the turbidity and the levels of heterotrophic plate count bacteria (hpc) in the samples from the distribution n ...	2003	12639034
[purple urine bag syndrome].	the report of purple discoloration in a urinary drainage system, known as purple urine bag syndrome (p.u.b.s.) is rarely described in the literature.	2003	12876527
analyses of ampc gene expression in serratia marcescens reveal new regulatory properties.	serratia marcescens encodes an inducible, chromosomal beta-lactamase, ampc. studies addressing the regulation of inducible ampc genes have focused primarily on enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. the purpose of this study was to clone and sequence the ampc, ampr and intergenic region of s. marcescens and examine both inducible and basal level ampc expression. sequence analysis of the s. marcescens ampc gene identified an extended 5' untranslated region (utr) of 126 nucleotides, which ...	2003	12654751
cesd2 of enteropathogenic escherichia coli is a second chaperone for the type iii secretion translocator protein espd.	enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and enterohemorrhagic e. coli are extracellular pathogens that employ a type iii secretion system to export translocator and effector proteins, proteins which facilitates colonization of the mucosal surface of the intestine via formation of attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions. the genes encoding the proteins for a/e lesion formation are located on a pathogenicity island, termed the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee), which contains eae encoding intimin ...	2003	12654835
modification of the double-disk test for detection of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum and ampc beta-lactamases.	detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in ampc-producing enterobacteriaceae is problematic. a modification of the double-disk test (mddt) has been developed for successful detection of esbls in gram-negative bacilli producing well-characterized beta-lactamases as well as 212 clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, serratia marcescens, and citrobacter freundii. mddt accurately differentiated between esbl producers and derepressed chromosomal ampc mutants ...	2003	12904422
antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens in pediatric emergency department patients.	to evaluate the prevalence of resistance of the various urinary tract infection (uti) pathogens obtained from patients in an urban pediatric emergency department (ped), and to identify risk factors for infection with resistant strains.	2003	12670848
[recovery of platinum with immobilized citrobacter freudii xp05 biomass].	the objective of this work was to develop a valuable adsorbent for recovery of platinum by studying the properties of pt4+ -adsorption with immobilized citrobacter freudii xp05 biomass. five methods for immobilization of citrobacter freudii xp05 biomass were compared. the method with gelatin-alginate sodium as entrapment matrix was considered to be the optimal. spherical and uniform beads were produced and the sem micrograph indicated that the cell of strain xp08 were uniformly dispersed within ...	2003	15969064
dietary pectin and calcium inhibit colonic proliferation in vivo by differing mechanisms.	diet plays an important role in promoting and/or preventing colon cancer; however, the effects of specific nutrients remain uncertain because of the difficulties in correlating epidemiological and basic observations. transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (tmch) induced by citrobacter rodentium, causes significant hyperproliferation and hyperplasia in the mouse distal colon and increases the risk of subsequent neoplasia. we have recently shown that tmch is associated with an increased abundanc ...	2003	14710853
[in vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of meropenem].	the comparative activity of meropenem with that of imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime against 856 gram-negative bacilli was studied studied by an agar dilution method. meropenem and imipenem were high active against tested strains. resistance to third generation cephalosporins was high for most microorganisms tested. for rapid detection of metallo-beta-lactamase (mbl)-producing gram-negative bacilli a simple disk diffusion test was used. edta, fecl2 and cucl2 were evaluated as imp ...	2003	14756067
etiologic diagnosis of 204 pericardial effusions.	the etiologic evaluation of pericardial effusion is frequently unsuccessful when noninvasive methods are used. to determine the cause of the current episode, all patients with echographically identified pericardial effusion from may 1998 to december 2002 underwent noninvasive diagnostic testing of blood, throat, and stool samples. patients with postpericardiotomy syndrome were excluded. to analyze the value of our tests, we tested randomly selected blood donors as negative controls. among 204 in ...	2003	14663288
occurrence & detection of ampc beta-lactamases at a referral hospital in karnataka.	ampc beta-lactamases confer resistance to a wide variety of beta-lactam drugs except for cefepime, cefpirome and carbapenems. they are known to be responsible for nosocomial outbreaks, therapeutic failures and multidrug resistance. although reported with increasing frequency the true rate of occurrence of these beta-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae is not known. hence the present study was undertaken to determine the occurrence of ampc enzymes among clinical isolates.	2003	14748463
bioremediation of soil contaminated with organic compounds with special reference to acrylonitrile.	enrichment of acrylonitrile (an) degrading bacterial culture from contaminated soil resulted in the isolation of two cultures which were identified as gram negative small rods (c1) and gram positive cocci (c2). one of the cultures (c1) was identified as citrobacter fruendii on the basis of biochemical and physiological tests. both the cultures (c1 and c2) were able to utilize acrylonitrile up to a concentration of 2000 mg/l as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. the studies also confirmed th ...	2003	14672363
[characteristics of bacteria isolated from body surface of german cockroaches caught in hospitals].	the objective of the study was to identify bacterial flora from external parts of german cockroaches caught in hospitals. the susceptibility of the bacteria to the most important groups of antimicrobial agents was also examined. 80 strains of bacteria were isolated, among them 34 strains of gram-positive cocci and 31 strains of gram-negative rods. one of isolated strains of citrobacter freundii and two strains of serratia liquefaciens showed esbl mechanism of resistance and extended level of amp ...	2003	15029841
properties of air dried radiation processed amniotic membranes under different storage conditions.	amniotic membranes collected from the placentae of screened donors were processed, air dried and sterilized by gamma irradiation at 25 kgy. effect of storage under different temperature and humidity conditions (10 degrees c, rh 80-90%; 10 degrees c, rh 40-50%; 40 degrees c, rh 50-60% and 40 degrees c, rh 10-20%) on the properties of the membrane were examined. infrared (ir) spectral scanning was carried out to examine degradation or change if any in the tissue under different storage conditions. ...	2003	15256845
enterobacter cloacae: a predominant pathogen in neonatal septicaemia.	a total of 120 blood samples from neonates presenting with clinical signs of septicaemia were subjected for culture using brain heart infusion agar biphasic medium (bhi bpm) and glucose broth. bacterial agents were isolated from 48 numbers (40%) of cultures. gram-negative bacilli were isolated in maximum percentage (88.45%) of cases whereas gram-positive bacteria (coagulase negative staphylococci and group b streptococci) in 11.6% of cultures. e. cloacae (39.5%) was maximally isolated among the ...	2002	17657046
extended spectrum beta-lactamase mediated resistance in urinary tract isolates of family enterobacteriaceae.	extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) hydrolyse expanded spectrum cephalosporins like ceftazidime, cefotaxime and monobactam aztreonam. esbl producing bacteria may not be detectable in the routine disk diffusion susceptibility tests leading to inappropriate use of antibiotics and treatment failures. as information on esbl producers causing urinary tract infection (uti) is not available from our country, the occurrence of esbl producing strains causing uti was studied as also the differences b ...	2002	12674828
[cefepime (maxipime) treatment efficacy in surgical patients ].	between september and december 2001 in the "caritas" surgical clinic of bucharest has been conducted a clinical study for the efficiency of cefepime (maxipime) treatment in surgical patients. introduced in therapy in the last decade of the xxth century, cefepime (maxipime) is the most active 4th generation cephalosporin, due to its extended spectrum of activity and its high resistance against beta-lactamases. cefepime (maxipime) has a very large spectrum, including the majority of the microorgan ...	2002	12731215
[antibacterial activities and pk/pd parameters of aminoglycosides against recent clinical isolates of gram-negative rods].	we examined antibacterial activities and pk/pd parameters of six kinds of aminoglycosides against seven bacterial species of clinical isolates in 2001. aminoglycoseides examined were gentamicin (gm), dibekacin (dkb), tobramycin (tob), amikacin (amk), netilmicin (ntl), and isepamicin (isp), and bacterial isolates used were each 50 strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, proteus spp., serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa. all aminog ...	2002	12532635
evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of drugs for urinary tract infections by genotyping based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge).	we attempted to determine whether the same bacterium isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (uti) before and after treatment with antimicrobial agents was of the same strain ("persisted") or of a different strain ("changed"). furthermore, to verify the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents for uti, we investigated whether bacterial strains could be classified as persisted or changed based on their electrophoretic patterns in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). we examined eigh ...	2002	12525898
neonatal sepsis: high antibiotic resistance of the bacterial pathogens in a neonatal intensive care unit in karachi.	to study the bacterial pathogens causing neonatal sepsis and their sensitivity pattern so that guidelines can be prepared for empirical antibiotic therapy.	2002	12481673
low-virulence citrobacter species encode resistance to multiple antimicrobials.	citrobacter spp. are gram-negative commensal bacteria that infrequently cause serious nosocomial infections in compromised hosts. they are often resistant to cephalosporins due to overexpression of their chromosomal beta-lactamase. during a recent study of multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae (mdre) in solid-organ transplant patients, we found that almost half of patients colonized with mdre carried one or more cefpodoxime-resistant citrobacter freundii, citrobacter braakii, or citrobacter ama ...	2002	12384364
cloning and characterization of genes encoding homologues of the b subunit of cholera toxin and the escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin from clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii and e. coli.	we identified and characterized a gene encoding a homologue of the b subunits of cholera toxin (ctb) and heat-labile enterotoxin (ltb) of escherichia coli from a clinical isolate of citrobacter freundii that was found to produce a factor in the culture supernatant that cross-reacted with antibodies to ctb and ltb when assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the gene encoding the elisa-positive factor, cfxb, consisted of 375 nucleotides and was located downstream of an 852-nucleotid ...	2002	12438400
[pathogenicity islands in opportunistic enterobacteria].	the presence of fragments of genomes hlya, hlyb, papah, papc, sfag, sfaa and kps mt, associated with the pathogenicity islands of escherichia coli, in clinical strains of other genera of the family enterobacteriaceae, has been experimentally evaluated with the use of pcr. the presence of dna fragments specific to the known genes of the pathogenicity clusters of e. coli in representatives of the genera citrobacter, enterobacter, hafnia, klebsiella, morganella, proteus, providencia, serratia and y ...	2002	12506618
identification of a chromosome-borne expanded-spectrum class a beta-lactamase from erwinia persicina.	from whole-cell dna of an enterobacterial erwinia persicina reference strain that displayed a penicillinase-related antibiotic-resistant phenotype, a beta-lactamase gene was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. it encoded a clavulanic-acid-inhibited ambler class a beta-lactamase, erp-1, with a pi value of 8.1 and a relative molecular mass of ca. 28 kda. erp-1 shared 45 to 50% amino acid identity with the most closely related enzymes, the chromosomally encoded enzymes from citrobacter koseri ...	2002	12384342