Publications

mutation of escherichia coli capable of expressing gene(s) for beta-lactamase production of citrobacter freundii.	a mutation in a chromosomal gene of escherichia coli, designated reb, acted in trans to increase the expression of the cloned beta-lactamase gene of citrobacter freundii. the reb gene was located around 99 min. deletion mutants in the cloned gene(s) which had lost the regulatory region for induction were also constructed.	1986	3518627
inhibitory and bactericidal activity of cefmetazole and seven other beta-lactams against different bacterial inocula.	the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) at different bacterial inocula represents an important factor in determining the potential effectiveness of new antibiotics. mics at different inocula (10(5) and 10(7) cfu/ml) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbc) of cefmetazole and seven other new cephalosporins (ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, cefamandole, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cefoxitin) were determined by a miniaturized dilution broth method against a wide ran ...	1986	3518963
microbiological perspective of ketoconazole.	the analysis of the results obtained in our trials, which took into account different experimental conditions, suggests that ketoconazole is a very effective anti-candida drug. in particular, ketoconazole inhibits the development of the hyphal form of c. albicans which is highly invasive. in our trials, we were also able to demonstrate that it is possible to extend ketoconazole's range of action to gram-negative bacteria, if the drug is used in appropriate pharmaceutical forms. moreover, its in ...	1986	3518964
isolation, characterization, and mode of action on escherichia coli strains of microcin d93.	microcin d93 is an antibiotic substance produced by escherichia coli strains which harbor the 5.5-kilobase plasmid pmccd93. its production is unaffected by the use of different carbon and ammonia sources, different phosphate concentrations, or mitomycin c. we developed a method for purifying this microcin based on gel permeation chromatography and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. the antibiotic appears to be a small, hydrophilic, basic peptide, active on e. coli and proteus, ci ...	1986	3521486
bacterial antagonists of shigellae.	bacterial antagonism between a microorganisms and shigella sonnei strains was studied in model experiments simulating conditions of the natural aquatic environment. in these studies surface waste samples from the river vltava served as the experimental environment. to ensure bacteriologically defined conditions all water samples were heat-sterilized prior to antagonism testing. consistently with the literature data and author's own observations the following bacterial species and genera were cho ...	1986	3522730
[diagnostic problems in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis].	in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) the ascitic fluid culture (certain criterion of diagnosis) may be negative despite an evident clinical and biochemical picture. therefore the diagnosis may be sometimes more "probable" than "certain". the authors performed a comparative analytical study--from a clinical, biochemical and prognostic point of view--between a group of 10 "probable" sbp (10 cirrhotic pts.) and 9 "certain" sbp (9 cirrhotic pts.). 115 "normal ascitic fluids" (negative culture ...	1986	3523299
improved immunological membrane filter method for detection of food-borne salmonella strains.	an improved membrane filter method that involves the use of an enzyme-labeled antibody stain has been developed for the rapid detection of salmonella species in foods. the procedure is carried out directly on a hydrophobic grid-membrane filter without requiring transfer by blotting to nitrocellulose. pure cultures of 54 salmonella species and 10 foods artificially contaminated with salmonella colindale gave a positive reaction in which salmonella colonies were visible as purple dots. of 11 nonsa ...	1986	3524458
contribution of chromosomal beta-lactamases to beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteria.	the two most important factors determining the level of beta-lactam resistance to novel cephalosporins in gram-negative enterobacteria are the chromosomal class c beta-lactamases, which have high affinity for these compounds, and the outer membrane permeability barrier. the individual importance of these factors and the interactions between them are discussed. wild-type strains carry a chromosomal gene, ampc, encoding class c beta-lactamases. expression from this gene is normally low, but it can ...	1986	3529322
ferric ammonium citrate decomposition--a taxonomic tool for gram-negative bacteria.	the iron uptake test of szabó and vandra has been modified and used for the differentiation of gram-negative bacteria. nutrient agar containing 20 g per litre of ferric ammonium citrate was distributed into narrow tubes and solidified so as to form butts and slants. considering the localization of the rusty-brown coloration produced after seeding and incubation, 2367 strains were classified into four groups. (1) unchanged medium: escherichia coli, shigella spp., yersinia spp., hafnia alvei and m ...	1986	3529797
the in-vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of carumonam.	carumonam is a monobactam with a beta-carbamyloxmethyl group at position 4. it inhibited 90% of enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 8 mg/l and had in-vitro activity similar to that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam. fifty per cent of enterobacter, citrobacter and serratia isolates were inhibited by 4 mg/l, but isolates resistant to aztreonam and ceftazidime were not inhibited. carumonam, like aztreonam, did not inhibit gram-positive or anaerobic species. carumonam was not destroye ...	1986	3531143
[multicenter study of ofloxacin activity on bacteria isolated from a hospital environment].	minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of ofloxacin were evaluated by agar dilution for 1508 bacterial strains isolated in five hospitals. for enterobacteriaceae sensitive to nalidixic acid, mics ranged from 0.008 to 1 microgram/ml (mode mic: 0.12); the different species of enterobacteriaceae exhibited similar mode mics (0.12) with the exception of e. coli (0.06-0.12), p. mirabilis (0.5) and providencia (0.25). among strains intermediate and resistant to nalidixic acid, most of which were serr ...	1986	3534711
[ofloxacin (ru 43280): clinical evaluation in urinary and prostatic infections].	ofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was given to fifty patients (29 females and 21 males) aged 25 to 86 years with urinary tract infection or prostatitis. urinary tract infections usually chronic and associated with urologic anomalies, included 17 cases of cystitis and 19 cases of pyelonephritis. 14 patients had prostatitis. pathogens recovered from the urine were 26 e. coli, 2 citrobacter, 4 proteus mirabilis, 2 klebsiella, 2 enterobacter, 3 serratia, 3 staphylococcus aureus and 11 pseudomonas. m ...	1986	3534729
[bactericidal activity of ceftriaxone, amikacin and their combination].	third-generation cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone are often used alone; however, with enterobacter (ent), citrobacter (cit), serratia (ser) and morganella (mor), a combination of two drugs is advisable. aminoglycoside-beta-lactam combinations are often synergistic. however, results are not consistent with the new cephalosporins. we determined the killing kinetics of ceftriaxone (c) alone, amikacin (a) alone and both drugs in combination (ac). the antibiotics were tested in the following concen ...	1986	3534741
[in vitro activity of a new 3d-generation cephalosporin, cefodizime, on hospital bacteria].	minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cefodizime were evaluated by agar dilution for 746 bacterial strains isolated in two hospitals. for enterobacteriaceae mics ranged from 0.008 micrograms/ml to more than 128 micrograms/ml (mode mic: 0.25); mode mics varied across species, ranging from 0.016 micrograms/ml for proteus mirabilis to 1 microgram/ml for citrobacter; mics ranged from 0.12 to 8 for most enterobacter and from 1 to 64 for serratia. the rare cefotaxime-resistant strains, most of w ...	1986	3534743
[in vitro activity of carumonam (ro 17-2301) on hospital bacteria].	minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of carumonam (ro 17-2301), a new synthetic antibacterial agent of the monobactam group, were evaluated by agar dilution for 399 hospital isolates. ro 17-2301 was inactive against gram positive and anaerobic bacteria. most enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by concentrations less than 1 microgram/ml, with mode mics approximating 0.03 micrograms/ml except for providencia (0.016), citrobacter (0.06), serratia (0.06) and enterobacter (0.12). a few strains, mos ...	1986	3534745
magnesium-dependent plaque formation by bacteriophage p1cinc(-) on escherichia coli c and shigella sonnei.	phage p1c(-), in a state of the phage not infective to escherichia coli k12, was able to form plaques on a wild-type strain of e. coli c and on shigella sonnei in the presence of mg2+. citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, and a salmonella typhimurium gale mutant were not lysed by, but were lysogenized with p1cinc(-), whereas klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus rettgeri, and s. typhimurium lt2 were not susceptible to either p1cinc(-) or p1cinc(+). the lipopolysaccharide structure of e. coli c ...	1986	3535235
[infectious endocarditis in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy].	clinical and pathological findings in a 37-year-old female patient with hocm and infective endocarditis of the aortal and mitral valves were reported. the patient died of septic shock. infective endocarditis with acute insufficiency of the aortal and/or mitral valves is a severe complication in patients with hocm, because the left ventricle with a disturbed compliance is unable to compensate the acute volume overload. the standard use of nitrates for congestive lung failure and catecholamines fo ...	1986	3535276
the use of normal filter paper for "dot-immunobinding assay" of some antibodies.	normal filter papers were used for specific detection of tiny amounts of antibodies against two penicillin amidase molecular forms from escherichia coli, monoclonal antibodies of igg and igm class against lipopolysaccharide from citrobacter o36 and igm antibody against glycoprotein n from human red blood cells. for colour detection of antibodies bound to proper antigens adsorbed on the paper, second antibody-horse radish peroxidase conjugates and hydrogen peroxide with 4-chloronaphthol were appl ...	1986	3535727
in vitro activity of carumonam (ro 17-2301), bmy-28142, aztreonam, and ceftazidime against 7,620 consecutive clinical bacterial isolates.	for 45-60 days four geographically separate clinical laboratories tested routine clinical bacterial isolates for susceptibility to carumonam, aztreonam, bmy-28142, and ceftazidime by the broth microdilution method. all four drugs were highly active against enterobacteriaceae, inhibiting greater than 96% of the 4887 strains tested at less than or equal to 8.0 microgram/ml. the minimal inhibitory concentration at which 50% of the isolates were inhibited for each drug was less than or equal to 0.12 ...	1986	3536278
prevalence of colonization with antibiotic resistant gram-negative bacilli in a nursing home care unit: the importance of cross-colonization as documented by plasmid analysis.	a prevalence study was carried out on a 100-bed veterans administration nursing home care unit to determine the extent of colonization with gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli (grgnb). hand cultures of 12 employees and 17 environmental cultures were negative. twenty-six of 86 (30%) patients were colonized with 49 grgnb. sixteen patients (19%) had urinary colonization. multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between rectal or perineal colonization (p less than 0.01), and th ...	1986	3536783
evaluation of a commercial beta-glucuronidase test for the rapid and economical identification of escherichia coli.	a commercial beta-glucuronidase (beta-gur) test for the rapid and economical identification of escherichia coli was evaluated. a total of 762 clinical strains and 228 environmental isolates were studied. more than 95% of the e. coli strains were found to be beta-gur positive. thirty-one clinical isolates of shigella sonnei, 10 of enterobacter cloacae, eight of enterobacter aerogenes, nine of citrobacter freundii and one of salmonella enteritidis also gave positive results. the enzyme beta-gur wa ...	1986	3549665
[effect of s6472 and cefaclor on bacterial flora in adult human feces].	s6472 is a mixture of cefaclor (ccl) granules with gastric-soluble coating and those with enteric-soluble coating at the ratio (in potency) of 4 to 6. with administration of this formulation, a prolonged blood level of ccl is obtained. s6472 and ccl were administered orally to 19 healthy male volunteers between 20 and 27 years of age (mean: 23 years) weighing between 51 and 80 kg (mean: 64.7 kg). four subjects were given 2 capsules and 5 subjects were given 4 capsules each containing 187.5 mg of ...	1986	3702058
[meningitis and brain abscess caused by levinea malonatica in a newborn infant].		1986	3707283
infantile maxillary osteomyelitis with cerebral abscess.		1986	3723299
in vitro activity of ci-934, a new quinolone, compared with that of other quinolones and other antimicrobial agents.	the in vitro activity of ci-934, a new 4-quinolone, was determined against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the mics for 90% of the isolates tested were 0.25 microgram/ml for streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.5 microgram/ml for streptococcus faecalis, 0.25 microgram/ml for staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant strains, and less than or equal to 1.0 microgram/ml for escherichia coli, salmonella and shigella spp., klebsiella spp., proteus spp., and citrobacter spp. ci-934 had activity ...	1986	3729343
in vitro activity of ro 15-8074 and ro 19-5247, two orally administered cephalosporin metabolites.	the activity of two iminomethoxy aminothiazoly cephalosporins, ro 15-8074 and ro 19-5247, was compared with that of other beta-lactams against a total of 491 bacterial strains. both were highly active (mic for 90% of the strains tested [mic 90], less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml) against the majority of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae, haemophilus influenzae, neisseria spp., and streptococcus pneumoniae, being at least 16-fold more active than cephalexin and 8-fold more active t ...	1986	3729361
salmonellae and other enteropathogenic bacteria in the intestines of wall geckos in nigeria.	the aerobic bacterial flora of the intestine of 150 wall geckos (hemidactylus brookei) was investigated. a variety of bacteria was recovered including 35 isolates of salmonella and several other species of enterobacteriaceae, viz. shigella sonnei - 2, edwardsiella tarda - 4, enterobacter spp - 8, citrobacter freudii - 3, serratia marcescens - 3, proteus spp - 35, klebsiella pneumoniae - 13, and escherichia coli - 17, isolates. eight salmonella serotypes were identified, the predominant ones bein ...	1986	3729372
[neonatal sepsis and urinary tract infection due to citrobacter diversus].		1986	3732947
molecular epidemiology of neonatal meningitis due to citrobacter diversus: a study of isolates from hospitals in maryland.	six cases of neonatal meningitis due to citrobacter diversus were diagnosed in three baltimore (maryland) hospitals between 1983 and 1985. using plasmid profiles, biotypes, serotypes, and chromosomal restriction endonuclease digests as epidemiological markers, we studied 63 isolates of c. diversus (including four isolates from cerebrospinal fluid) from these and seven other hospitals in maryland. within two of the three hospitals with meningitis cases, the same strain of c. diversus was isolated ...	1986	3734491
[effect of cefminox on bacterial flora in human adult feces].	cefminox (cmnx), a new cephamycin, was administered by one shot intravenous injection twice daily with a dose of 1,000 mg each time for 5 days to seven healthy male volunteers whose ages ranged from 21 to 28 years (mean: 25 years) and body weights were from 60 to 92 kg mean: 72 kg). the effect of the drug on fecal bacterial flora was investigated and the concentrations of the drug in feces were measured on 5th day before the treatment, on 0, 3rd, and 5th day (the final day of the treatment) duri ...	1986	3761549
[treatment of urologic infections with cefamandole (pharmachim)--the microbiological and clinical results].	the authors study the possibilities of cephalosporin antibiotic cefamandol, new for our clinical practice, in the treatment of uroinfections. the microbiological study on a total of 2301 bacterial strains, isolated from patients with uroinfections, reveals that cefamandol excels in its action against gram-positive microorganisms, all beta-lactam antibiotics, used in our country. as regards e. coli, citrobacter, klebsiella, enterobacter, p. mirabilis and indole positive pro cefamandol is better t ...	1986	3765588
novobiocin-brilliant green-glucose agar: new medium for isolation of salmonellae.	a new medium, called novobiocin-brilliant green-glucose (nbg) agar, was developed for the isolation of salmonella spp. and evaluated against other conventionally used media including bismuth sulfite, xylose-lysine decarboxylase, brilliant green-sulfa, hektoen enteric, and salmonella-shigella agars. nbg had recovery rates comparable to the other enteric media tested with pure cultures as well as with naturally contaminated amphibian and reptile waters and fecal specimens. however, nbg, hektoen en ...	1986	3767359
ultrasonic irradiation of bacterial polysaccharides. characterization of the depolymerized products and some applications of the process.	ultrasonic irradiation (u.i.) has been used to depolymerize biopolymers including dna, dextran, and the vi capsular polysaccharide from citrobacter freundii. representative bacterial polysaccharides were subjected to u.i. and the effect of this energy upon their molecular weight and chemical structure was characterized. u.i. depolymerized a neutral polysaccharide (dextran) and acidic polysaccharides containing either a phosphoric diester linkage [haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) and pneumococ ...	1986	3768916
comparative "in vitro" activity of ciprofloxacin (bay o9867) and other antimicrobial agents against urinary bacterial isolates.	ciprofloxacin (bay o9867) is a new quinolone derivative. its activity against 537 urinary bacterial isolates was compared with those of ampicillin, amikacin, carbenicillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, nalidixic and oxolinic acids, norfloxacin, trimethoprim, and other antimicrobial agents, when appropriate. it inhibited 90% of citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp., e. coli, klebsiella spp., proteus spp., and serratia spp. at 0.78 microgram/ml. the majority of pseudomonas aeru ...	1986	3769047
occurrence and clinical significance of tyrosine clearing positive citrobacter freundii in human faecal specimens.	59 tyrosine clearing positive citrobacter strains were isolated from a total of 2062 human faecal specimens, specifically from 1167 healthy people and from 895 patients suffering from different gastrointestinal syndromes. all strains were identified biochemically as citrobacter freundii. citrobacter diversus 100% positive for tyrosine clearing could not be isolated in any case. citrobacter freundii was found twice as frequently in stools of healthy human beings than of patients. there is a stati ...	1986	3788353
multiple drug-resistant citrobacter freundii infection mimicking typhoid fever.		1986	3791397
use of aztreonam in patients suffering from urinary tract infections with contraindications for the use of aminoglycosides.	the clinical efficacy and safety of aztreonam were studied in 30 patients suffering from urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. aztreonam was given in a dose of 1 g i.m. at intervals of 12 or 24 hours. duration of therapy was 2-8 days. bacteria isolated in urine cultures were: escherichia coli (60%); proteus mirabilis (10%); pseudomonas aeruginosa and citrobacter sp. (7%); proteus vulgaris, serratia marcescens; klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas species (3%). at completion ...	1986	3791478
[clinico-pathogenetic basis for using crystalline lysozyme in the combined therapy of food toxinfections].	in food toxinfections caused by various microorganisms (staphylococcus, escherichia, klebsiella, proteus, citrobacter, etc.) a decrease of lysozyme debit and an increase of ph of gastric juice were found. one third of patients exhibited lactose deficiency of the small intestine. treatment with furazolidone contributed to the development of lactase deficit and delayed stools normalization. crystalline lysozyme shortened duration of febrile reaction and diarrhea, its intake facilitated lactose hyd ...	1986	3817153
[antibacterial activity of cephem antibiotics against isolates from clinical specimens at the yokohama city university hospital].	minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cephem antibiotics against 405 strains belonging to 17 species of clinical isolates were investigated using the standard method of the japanese congress of chemotherapy. the results obtained are summarized below. cephem antibiotics showed weak antibacterial activities against enterococcus sp., b. fragilis and s. marcescens. s. pneumoniae, s. agalactiae, e. coli, k. pneumoniae and p. mirabilis were susceptible to cephem antibiotics. cephem antibiotics o ...	1986	3543429
microbial pollution indicators in brazilian tropical and subtropical marine surface waters.	the specificity of indicators that depend on elevated incubation temperature as a selective factor for their enumeration was questioned because of the possibility of interference from autochthonous microorganisms adapted to high ambient temperatures. lactose-fermenting cultures isolated from fecal coliform tests of tropical marine surface waters were identified as consisting of about 70% escherichia coli, and most of the remaining cultures being klebsiella, enterobacter or citrobacter species. t ...	1986	3544214
in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and beta-lactamase stability of rs-533, a novel carbapenem.	rs-533 is a novel carbapenem antibiotic. its activity was compared with that of imipenem and the new cephalosporins, aztreonam, piperacillin, and tobramycin. rs-533 had activity comparable to that of imipenem, inhibiting the majority of the enterobacteriaceae, streptococci, staphylococci, and bacteroides species at concentrations of less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. rs-533 inhibited enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens resistant to ceftazidime, aztreonam, and ...	1986	3545068
chromosomal beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteria.	most enterobacterial species carry a chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase gene. in escherichia coli and shigella, expression from ampc is non-inducible and the beta-lactamase is synthesized at low levels. mutations leading to increased beta-lactamase synthesis occur rather infrequently, making resistance to modern cephalosporins a rare event in these species. in other enterobacteria and pseudomonas, ampc beta-lactamase synthesis is induced by beta-lactams. in enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundi ...	1986	3547624
in-vitro activity of ticarcillin with and without clavulanic acid against clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	the in-vitro activity of ticarcillin with and without clavulanic acid was investigated against 285 freshly isolated clinical strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by the agar-dilution technique on mueller-hinton-agar. clavulanic acid had an excellent or moderate potentiating effect on the in-vitro activity of ticarcillin against staphylococci, escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter aerogenes, proteus mirabilis, citrobacter spp., acinetobacter, haemophilus influenzae and ba ...	1986	3636325
susceptibility of ticarcillin-resistant gram-negative bacilli to different combinations of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid.	the susceptibility of ticarcillin-resistant and of ticarcillin-susceptible gram-negative bacilli to different combinations of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid has been investigated. susceptibility to ticarcillin has been restored in ticarcillin-resistant isolates in proportion to the amount of clavulanic acid in the combination and depending upon the species. the decrease in the mics of ticarcillin was excellent to good in proteus, morganella, providencia, escherichia coli and klebsiella, moderat ...	1986	3636338
o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside-urease-indole broth, a new composite tube medium for salmonella screening.	a new composite broth medium combining o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (onpg) and urease and indole tests in a single tube is described. high-level agreement with individual conventional tests was recorded in comparative studies with 2,412 cultures of members of the family enterobacteriaceae, i.e., 100% agreement with the exception of hafnia spp. (96.3% agreement) for the onpg test and citrobacter, enterobacter, and hafnia spp. (75, 86.4, and 98.2% agreement, respectively) for the urease ...	1986	3639886
[ability of citrobacter freundii strains isolated in acute intestinal infections to produce lt-enterotoxin].	c. freundii enteropathogenic strains were found to be capable of producing choleroform thermolabile enterotoxin. thus, in the study of 96 c. freundii strains 38 enterotoxin-producing cultures (39.5%) were revealed by means of the molecular-biological techniques and 29 such cultures (30.0%), by means of the radioimmunoassay (ria). 100% coincidence was noted in the results of tests for enterotoxigenicity, made by means of ria or hybridization techniques with the use of the lt-probe containing a cl ...	1986	3825350
cadmium accumulation by immobilized cells of a citrobacter sp. using various phosphate donors.	immobilized cells of a citrobacter species scavenge cadmium with high efficiency from challenge flows containing cd(2+). metal uptake by the cells in mediated by a cellbound phosphatase which liberates inorganic phosphate from an organic phosphate to precipitate cadmium as cell-bound metal phosphate. hitherto glycerol 2-phosphate has served as the phosphate donor, but for an economic large scale process an inexpensive and readily available phosphate donor is required and the use of alkyl phospha ...	1986	18561225
cadmium accumulation by a citrobacter sp. immobilized on gel and solid supports: applicability to the treatment of liquid wastes containing heavy metal cations.	polyacrylamide gel-immobilized cells of a citrobacter sp. removed cadmium from flows supplemented with glycerol 2-phosphate, the metal uptake mechanism being mediated by the activity of a cell-bound phosphatase that precipitates liberated inorganic phosphate with heavy metals at the cell surface. the constraints of elevated flow rate and temperature were investigated and the results discussed in terms of the kinetics of immobilized enzymes. loss in activity with respect to cadmium accumulation b ...	1987	18576584
[practical recommendations for examining the pulmonary pleura of fetuses and newborn infants using contact microscopy].	it has been found that the pleura visceralis of fetuses and neonates is consistently involved in inflammatory processes occurring in pneumonias caused by gram-negative organisms (citrobacter sp., escherichia coli, klebsiella sp., serratia marcescens) and may display signs of infection when the pneumonia is not yet apparent. this property of the pleura as a filtration membrane may help the pathologist in the early diagnosis of infectious disorders in neonates. recommendations are given on the exc ...	1987	3662866
in vitro antimicrobial activity of cefpirome, a new cephalosporin with a broad antimicrobial spectrum.	the in vitro activity of cefpirome (hr 810), a new cephalosporin antibiotic having a 2,3-cyclopentenopyridine group in the 3-position side chain, was compared with in vitro activities of 5 other cephalosporins. hr 810 showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria when tested using 71 standard strains and 876 clinical isolates. hr 810 inhibited 70% of the clinically isolated staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis strains when used ...	1987	3669290
vi capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugates for prevention of typhoid fever. preparation, characterization, and immunogenicity in laboratory animals.	the vi has proven to be a protective antigen in two double masked, controlled clinical trials in areas with high rates of typhoid fever (approximately 1% per annum). in both studies the protective efficacy of the vi was approximately 70%. approximately 75% of subjects in these areas responded with a fourfold or greater rise of serum vi antibodies. in contrast, the vi elicited a fourfold or greater rise in 95-100% of young adults in france and the united states. methods were devised, therefore, t ...	1987	3681191
citrobacter freundii endocarditis in an intravenous drug abuser.	we have reported the third case of citrobacter endocarditis. echocardiograms were invaluable in establishing the diagnosis. ours is the first reported case of citrobacter endocarditis to be cured by antimicrobial therapy alone.	1987	3686149
transamination catalysed by tyrosine phenol-lyase from citrobacter intermedius.	the interactions of tyrosine phenol-lyase with its substrates: l-tyrosine and l-serine, and the competitive inhibitors: l-alanine, l-phenylalanine, l-m-tyrosine, were studied. it was demonstrated that the enzyme catalyzed a half-transamination reaction between substrates or inhibitors and the protein-bound pyridoxal phosphate. the products of this side-reaction, pyridoxamine phosphate and the respective keto acids, were identified. the kinetic parameters were determined for beta-elimination of l ...	1987	3691524
[effect of norfloxacin on bacterial flora in human feces].	norfloxacin (nflx), a synthetic oral antibacterial agent of quinolone carboxylic acid, was given orally for 5 full days at a dose of 200 mg, three times daily after each meal to healthy normal men with ages between 22 and 25 years weighing 53.0 to 84.0 kg (average 67.0 kg). the actual regimen followed was that the drug was administered twice after lunch and supper on the first day of dosing, and once after breakfast on the last day of dosing. on the 5th day before the start of dosing, on the fir ...	1987	3694785
in vitro activity of a new broad spectrum, beta-lactamase-stable oral cephalosporin, cefixime.	cefixime is a new orally absorbed iminomethoxy, aminothiazolyl cephalosporin. it inhibits the majority, 90%, of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis and neisseria gonorrhoeae at concentrations less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml. it inhibits 90% of the other members of the enterobacteriaceae at concentrations less than 1 microgram/ml, with the exception of some strains of ...	1987	3696836
in vitro activity of two new aryl-fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents, difloxacin (a-56619) and a-56620 compared to that of other antimicrobial agents.	the in vitro activity of difloxacin (a-56619) and a-56620, two new aryl-difluoroquinolones, was compared to that of other new quinolones and several parenteral and oral antimicrobial agents. a-56620 inhibited 90% of enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, staphylococcus aureus 0.25 micrograms/ml, hemolytic streptococci 2 micrograms/ml, pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 micrograms/ml, bacteroides sp. and clostridium at 8 micrograms/ml. a-56620 was equal or 2-fold more active than norfl ...	1987	3549179
imipenem and cilastatin in acute osteomyelitis and suppurative arthritis. therapy in infants and children.	twenty-five infants and children with acute osteomyelitis (n = 7), suppurative arthritis (n = 11), or both (n = 7) were treated with imipenem and cilastatin sodium. patients ranged in age from 5 months to 11.3 years. needle aspiration of infected sites was performed in all patients, and 11 (44%) required further surgical drainage. imipenem and cilastatin sodium in a dosage of 100 mg/kg/d was used for children 3 years of age or younger, while older ones received 60 mg/kg/d intravenously, divided ...	1987	3544811
rapid catalase supplemental test for identification of members of the family enterobacteriaceae.	a simple, rapid, semiquantitative slide catalase test useful for differentiating members of the family enterobacteriaceae is described. judging by the time required for appearance of oxygen bubbles in 3% hydrogen peroxide, the immediate catalase reactors were yersinia, serratia, proteus, morganella, providencia, cedecea, and hafnia spp. the delayed catalase reactors were escherichia, shigella, klebsiella, enterobacter, salmonella, citrobacter, edwardsiella, kluyvera, and tatumella spp. this info ...	1987	3818934
outbreak of neonatal citrobacter diversus meningitis in a suburban hospital.	between february and june, 1983, four cases of citrobacter diversus neonatal meningitis were identified at a suburban baltimore hospital. one of the 4 infants died at age 13 months, 2 (both of whom had brain abscesses) have evidence of developmental delay and 1 appears to be normal after 33 months of follow-up. a review of microbiology records revealed that c. diversus had been present in the hospital nursery prior to identification of the first infant with meningitis, with isolation from infant ...	1987	3822617
structure determination of the o-specific polysaccharides from citrobacter o4- and o27-lipopolysaccharides by methylation analysis and one- and two-dimensional 1h-nmr spectroscopy.	using sugar and methylation analyses, and one- and two-dimensional 1h-nmr spectroscopy at 500 mhz it was established that poly-beta-1,2-4-deoxy-d-arabinohexopyranose occurs as o-specific chains of lipopolysaccharides in citrobacter serotypes o4, o27 and o36. strong serological cross-reactivity between these serotypes is in full agreement with the chemical identity of their o-specific polysaccharides.	1987	3803596
failure to detect hydrogen-sulphide production in lactose/sucrose-fermenting enterobacteriaceae, using triple sugar iron agar.	triple sugar iron agar failed to detect hydrogen sulphide in 44 out of 69 hydrogen-sulphide producing strains of enterobacteriaceae, which at the same time fermented lactose and/or sucrose. the species involved were salmonella typhi, salmonella enteritidis, citrobacter freundii, escherichia coli, and proteus vulgaris. by contrast, no false-negative reactions were observed in 74 strains, which fermented neither lactose nor sucrose. failure to detect hydrogen sulphide was probably due to acidifica ...	1987	3551500
inducing capacity of the combinations mecillinam-ampicillin and mecillinam-ceftazidime in comparison with the capacity of the compounds administered separately.	the inducing capacity of mecillinam in combination with ampicillin or ceftazidime was compared with that of the compounds administered separately and related to the inducing capacity of cefoxitin (1 and 10 micrograms/ml) for the chromosomal beta-lactamases from enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii, indole-positive proteus, and acinetobacter strains. in the majority of the strains all compounds tested alone or in combination showed a lower inducing capacity than cefoxit ...	1987	3552473
use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in pediatric infections: relative merits of intravenous administration.	trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) has traditionally been employed as an oral formulation for infections in ambulatory pediatric patients. however, therapeutic concentrations of tmp and smz in serum and csf are more consistently attained after intravenous administration. serum half-life increases with the age of the child, and few significant toxic effects are observed with intravenous administration. either the necessity to optimize bioavailability because of the underlying seriousness of ...	1987	3554455
oral ciprofloxacin in the treatment of elderly patients with complicated urinary tract infections due to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant bacteria.	the effectiveness and safety of ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone antibiotic, were prospectively evaluated in the treatment of patients with complicated urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative organisms resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. twenty-five elderly (mean age, 70.4 years) patients (24 men and one woman) were enrolled. initial pathogens included pseudomonas aeruginosa (15 isolates), escherichia coli (five isolates), enterobacter aerogenes (one isolate), citrobacter freundii ...	1987	3555051
seasonal variation in aerobic bacterial populations and endotoxin concentrations in grain dusts.	settled and respirable grain dust samples were collected at intervals over a 16-month period at two grain terminals on the lower mississippi river. total and gram-negative aerobic bacterial (gnb) populations, as well as endotoxin concentrations, were studied. plate counts indicated that no viable bacteria were found to be present in the respirable samples. endotoxin concentrations ranged from 0.0 to 6.4 ng (0.0 to 7.9 ng/m3 air) per respirable sample, indicating that bacteria were once viable in ...	1987	3565264
growth of mixed microbial populations in ground water containing highly chlorinated organic wastes.		1987	3567405
comparative in vitro antimicrobial activity of carumonam (ro 17-2301) and its influence on the activity of other antibiotics.	the antimicrobial activity of carumonam (ro 17-2301) was compared with that of 20 antibiotics against 338 clinical isolates. carumonam did not possess activity against gram-positive cocci, mic90 of carumonam were less than or equal to 0.5 mg/l for enterobacteriaceae, except for citrobacter (less than or equal to 8 mg/l) and less than or equal to 32 mg/l for nonfermenters. it was slightly more active than aztreonam against gentamicin-resistant bacilli (mic90 less than or equal to 64 vs greater th ...	1987	3568798
in-vitro activity of two new quinolone antimicrobial agents, s-25930 and s-25932 compared with that of other agents.	s-25930 and s-25932, two new 4-quinolones, were compared to ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, trimethoprim, and ampicillin. s-25930 and s-25932 inhibited 90% of enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 1 mg/l, usually differing only two-fold. the mic90 for pseudomonas aeruginosa was 8 mg/l for s-25930 and 16 mg/l for s-25932, compared to mics of 1 to 8 for the other four quinolones. both drugs inhibited enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and citro ...	1987	3571042
production of vi monoclonal antibodies and their application as diagnostic reagents.	serum antibodies to vi antigen were detected in mice immunized with the purified antigen but not with vi-bearing salmonella typhi whole cells. fusion of the spleen cells from one of the vi antibody-producing mice with nsi myeloma cells produced four stable hybridomas that secreted antibodies to vi. monoclonal antibodies from these four clones were all of the immunoglobulin g class and, as determined by competition, appeared to have the same epitope specificity. despite their immunoglobulin g nat ...	1987	3571457
[specificity of action of dna methylases bcni, cfri and cfr10i].	the site specificity of three dna methylases bcni, cfri and cfr10i was determined to be 5'cm4c(c/g)gg, 5'pyggm5ccpu and 5'pum5ccggpy, respectively. using the modification methylases under investigation with known restriction endonucleases, fourteen new dna cleavage specificities can be created. some aspects of the use of restriction endonucleases in dna methylation analysis are discussed.	1987	3574306
[in vitro chemo-antibiotic sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria from various biological materials. comparison between aztreonam and other agents].	527 gram negative bacterial strains isolated from different biological substances were studied by chemo-antibiotic sensitivity. the examination was carried out by the agar diffusion test (kirby-bauer). a very good sensitivity to aztreonam (e. coli, serratia spp., klebsiella spp., proteus spp.), to amikacin (pseudomonas spp., enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp.) and to norfloxacin (citrobacter spp.) was found. even when it was not the best, aztreonam was the second (citrobacter spp.) or the third ...	1987	3587729
comparative in vitro activity of carumonam (ro 17-2301/ama-1080), a new monobactam, and ceftriaxone against aerobic or facultative gram-negative isolates.	carumonam (ro 17-2301/ama-1080) is a new monobactam antibiotic. a comparative in vitro evaluation with ceftriaxone was undertaken against 153 gram-negative clinical aerobic or facultative bacteria, both producers and nonproducers of beta-lactamase. results indicated that carumonam had an enhancement of activity for pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae and parallelled that of ceftriaxone against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus ...	1987	3595259
occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistance and r-plasmids in gram-negative bacteria isolated from faecally contaminated fresh-water streams in hong kong.	the bacterial populations of six freshwater streams in populated areas of the hong kong new territories were studied. there is considerable faecal contamination of these streams, with coliform counts as high as 10(5) c.f.u./ml and the contaminating organisms show a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance and multiple resistance. with direct plating of water samples onto antibiotic-containing media, an average of 49% of the gram-negative bacteria were ampicillin-resistant, 3% chloramphenicol-res ...	1987	3595747
in vitro susceptibility of citrobacter species to various antimicrobial agents.	the in vitro activities of 16 antimicrobial agents against 14 clinical isolates of citrobacter diversus and 27 isolates of citrobacter freundii were studied. c. freundii isolates were more resistant, being susceptible only to amikacin, netilmicin, gentamicin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and enoxacin. c. diversus isolates were susceptible to many more of the agents tested.	1987	3606084
bacterial survey of well water--tehran, iran.	one hundred twenty-one wells throughout the city of tehran were monitored during the four seasons of the year for the presence of bacterial indicators of fecal pollution. none of the sites monitored was connected to tehran's main water distribution system but represented drinking water sources for small communities, individual factories, hospitals, etc. only 17 samples showed no indication of fecal bacterial contamination throughout the study. the remaining sites were positive for at least one o ...	1987	3608933
enteric colonization with antibiotic resistant bacteria in nurses working in intensive care units.	to determine whether nurses who worked in an intensive care unit (icu) might acquire enteric colonization with gram-negative aerobic bacteria from their patients, rectal swabs were obtained from the patients and nurses in the icu, from nurses working in a coronary care unit (ccu) and from young women with urinary tract infection who had not been exposed to the hospital environment. the healthy women differed from the patients in that their enteric flora contained greater numbers of lactose ferme ...	1987	3610902
[significance of the rate of isolation of klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter and intestinal yersinia in bacteriological research].		1987	3630485
production of escherichia coli sta-like heat-stable enterotoxin by citrobacter freundii isolated from humans.	citrobacter species are often present in the stools of children and are generally considered a normal component of the intestinal microflora. previous reports suggested that they might act as enteric pathogens. aiming at defining the role of citrobacter species in inducing diarrhea, we looked for their presence in the stools of 328 children with diarrhea and in 108 controls. citrobacter strains were isolated from 46 patients (14%) and 7 controls (6.5%) (p less than 0.05). all isolates were teste ...	1987	3539984
premarket evaluation of ids rapid ss/u system for identification of urine isolates.	a total of 170 fresh clinical urine isolates were tested with a premarket configuration of the rapid ss/u system (innovative diagnostic systems, inc., atlanta, ga.), a qualitative micromethod for the identification of selected organisms commonly isolated from urine specimens. results were compared with those obtained with conventional methods of identifying gram-positive isolates and with the automicrobic system (vitek systems, inc., hazelwood, mo.), utilizing gram-negative identification cards ...	1987	3539997
cloning of genes from members of the family enterobacteriaceae with mini-mu bacteriophage containing plasmid replicons.	an in vivo cloning system that uses derivatives of the escherichia coli bacteriophage mu with plasmid replicons has been extended to five different species of the family enterobacteriaceae. mu and these mini-mu replicon elements were introduced into strains of e. coli, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, citrobacter freundii, and proteus mirabilis by infection, by transformation, or by conjugation with newly constructed broad-host-range plasmids containing insertions of these elements. ly ...	1987	3542967
[antibiotic resistance at a hospital environment. observations from 1980 to 1986].	a total of 1659 bacteria strains were examined for susceptibility to different drugs by the kirby-bauer method. the isolates came from the general medicine ward of castellamonte's hospital (ussl 40). the results were retrospectively studied and statistically elaborated. the study lasted from 2 to 7 years depending on the antibiotic considered. the isolates included: escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., serratia spp., citrobacter spp., proteus mirabilis, proteus ind+, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudo ...	1987	3509032
effects of single-dose ceftriaxone on intestinal flora.		1987	3151359
[demonstration of glycocalyx formation in vitro in citrobacter freundii, proteus mirabilis and planococcus sp.: the effect of polyosidases].	three bacterial species of different origin, citrobacter freundii, proteus mirabilis and planococcus sp., formed glycocalyx in vitro and thereby showed that the phenomena does not only occur in vivo contrary to the opinion of many authors. the glycocalyx was produced in the attachment processes used or both extra- and intercellular attachment. the aggregates formed caused large errors in bacterial counts and led to questioning of the very principle of the counting procedures. the glycocalyx was ...	1987	3135828
a comparative study of the sensitivity of bacteria of various origin to ofloxacin.	the sensitivity of 6 antimicrobials (chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ampicillin, cephalothin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ofloxacin) was tested on 174 bacteria isolated from three sources: 60 from wounds, 84 from urine and 30 from bronchial excretions. hospital-borne bacteria were compared to those of non-hospital origin for their susceptibility. consecutively, pseudomonas aeruginosa (24 strains), escherichia coli (58), klebsiella sp. (13), enterobacter sp. (3), citrobacter sp. (3), enteroc ...	1987	3474082
in vitro study of the antibacterial activity of ofloxacin against recent clinical isolates.	the in vitro activity of ofloxacin, a new broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, was studied by a standardized single disc method. a total of 990 clinical isolates were tested, including 20 strains of anaerobic bacteria. ofloxacin was highly active against 683 strains (70.41%), had intermediate activity against 109 (11.23%) and had no activity against 178 (18.35%). ofloxacin was highly active against e. coli, klebsiella sp., citrobacter sp., proteus mirabilis, proteus morganii, salmonella sp., camp ...	1987	3476290
antibacterial effect of imipenem in vitro against important aerobic and anaerobic strains isolated from clinical specimens.	imipenem is a thienamycin antibiotic of the first generation with broad antibacterial activity. it covers all gram-positive organisms (including streptococcus faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (including pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia spp.) as well as bacteroides fragilis and other bacteroides species. in this comparative study the antimicrobic effect against 1020 gram-negative, 927 gram-positive and 352 anaerobic strains from fresh clinical isolates was tested and compared with that of ...	1987	3477332
emergence of ofloxacin-resistant citrobacter freundii and pseudomonas maltophilia after ofloxacin therapy.		1987	3478330
efficacy and tolerance of oral ofloxacin in treating various infections.	66 patients were given daily doses of ofloxacin between 400 and 800 mg for 10 days to 6 months. they were suffering from exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (15), soft tissue phlegmon (11), complicated urinary tract infections (7), bronchopneumonia (7), chronic osteomyelitis in exacerbation (8), chronic prostatitis in exacerbation (5), lower urinary tract infections (3), chronic otitis media (3), acute otitis (3), acute bronchitis (1), lung abscess (2) or liver abscess (1). pathogens included pse ...	1987	3481312
common mechanism of ampc beta-lactamase induction in enterobacteria: regulation of the cloned enterobacter cloacae p99 beta-lactamase gene.	expression of the chromosomal beta-lactamase from the ampc gene in inducible in both enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. cloning of ampc as well as its regulatory gene, ampr, from e. cloacae p99 revealed a gene organization indentical to that of c. freundii in the corresponding region. although almost no similarities could be found between the restriction maps of ampc and ampr in the two species, the genes cross-hybridize. also, both ampr gene products have a size of about 31,000. the ...	1987	3027046
inactivation of the ampd gene causes semiconstitutive overproduction of the inducible citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase.	in citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae, synthesis of ampc beta-lactamase is inducible by the addition of beta-lactams to the growth medium. spontaneous mutants that constitutively overproduce the enzyme occur at a high frequency. when the c. freundii ampc beta-lactamase gene is cloned into escherichia coli together with the regulatory gene ampr, beta-lactamase expression from the clone is inducible. spontaneous cefotaxime-resistant mutants were selected from an e. coli strain carrying ...	1987	3032901
in vitro antimicrobial activity of diethyldithiocarbamate and dimethyldithiocarbamate against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus.	staphylococcus aureus has appeared which is highly resistant to both methicillin and aminoglycosides. current therapy involves long-term intravenous therapy of vancomycin. since vancomycin is currently the only drug used to treat these patients, there is a need to develop additional antimicrobial therapy. the in vitro antimicrobial effect of the metal chelator, diethyldithiocarbamate (ddtc) and its structural analog dimethyldithiocarbamate (dmtc) were investigated. both ddtc and dmtc were effect ...	1987	3037985
comparative in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria from clinical isolates.	1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-piperazin-1- ylquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (ciprofloxacin, bay o 9867, ciprobay) is a broad spectrum antibiotic of the 4-quinolone group. it possesses a bactericidal effect attributable to the property of dna-gyrase inhibition. the antimicrobial action comprises all grampositive strains (including streptococcus faecalis) and gramnegative strains (including pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia spp.), as well as bacteroides fragilis and other bacteroides s ...	1987	2822054
basic studies of hydrogen evolution by escherichia coli containing a cloned citrobacter freundii hydrogenase gene.	citrobacter freundii genes that complemented escherichia coli hyd-(hydrogenase activity) mutation were cloned in plasmids pcbh4 (6.2 kb) and pcbh6(5.7 kb). hydrogen evolution by the transformant e. coli hk-8(pcbh4 or pcbh6) was investigated. the optimum culture temperature of recombinant e. coli cells for hydrogen evolution from glucose was in the neighborhood of 18 degrees c. the recombinant e. coli cells cultured at this condition showed a several-fold increase of hydrogen evolution, as compar ...	1987	2840852
comparative antibacterial activity of a new oral cephalosporin, bmy-28100.	bmy-28100 is a new oral cephalosporin which had in vitro activity superior to that of cephalexin and cefaclor against staphylococci, beta-hemolytic streptococcal species, and streptococcus pneumoniae. it inhibited beta-lactamase-producing haemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, 50% of streptococcus faecalis isolates, listeria monocytogenes, and 50 to 75% of escherichia coli and klebsiella species at less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml, but high producers of beta-lactamase were resistant ...	1987	3495236
identification of the active site of citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase using dansyl-penicillin.	the active site sequence of a beta-lactamase encoded by chromosomal gene(s) in citrobacter freundii gn346 was determined using dansyl-penicillin as a fluorescent probe. the tryptic digest of the labelled enzyme gave a fluorescent peptide containing 22 amino acids. the sequence of this peptide was identical to the consensus sequence of class c beta-lactamases, gly-ser-x-ser-lys. the residue labelled was the serine adjacent to the glycine. the active site sequence corresponded to positions 46-67 o ...	1987	3496243
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new penem, cgp 31608.	the in vitro activity of cgp 31608, a new penem, against aerobic and anaerobic organisms was evaluated and compared with those of other beta-lactams. cgp 31608 inhibited escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, proteus mirabilis, citrobacter diversus, and salmonella, shigella, aeromonas, and yersinia spp. with mics for 50% of the strains (mic50s) of 2 to 4 micrograms/ml and mic90s of 4 micrograms/ml, compared with cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, and imipenem mics of less than 0.2 ...	1987	3496845
citrobacter diversus ula27 produces two forms of a chromosomal beta-lactamase.	a multi-resistant clinical isolate of citrobacter diversus, particularly resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins, has been studied. the strain produced constitutively high levels of beta-lactamase which efficiently hydrolysed cephaloridine but not ampicillin. the apparent km value for cephaloridine (125 +/- 25 microm) was within the range usually observed for beta-lactamases in similar bacteria. the strain possessed two forms of the enzyme as indicated by isoelectric focusing patterns, hplc ...	1987	3497915
in vitro activity of cefixime and six other agents against nosocomial pathogens of the enterobacteriaceae family.	cefixime, a broad-spectrum, orally active cephalosporin, was more active in vitro than ampicillin, cefaclor, cephalothin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole against 194 nosocomial pathogens of the family enterobacteriaceae. activity was especially good against klebsiella spp, proteus spp, serratia spp, and providencia stuartii. although gentamicin had equivalent or better activity against citrobacter spp, enterobacter spp, escherichia coli, and morganella morganii, all 23 of the gentamicin-resist ...	1987	3498702
fractionation and characterization of two beta-lactamases in citrobacter diversus ula-27 strain by chromatofocusing.		1987	3500180
in vitro efficacy of augmentin in beta-lactamase producing bacteria.		1987	3501408