Publications

[properties and significance of the strains of the citrobacter (escherichia freudii-ballerup-bethesda) group].		1957	13434348
[septic osteomyelitis caused by citrobacter with a contribution to the problem of cortisone administration in bacterial infections].		1958	13594740
[studies on the incidence of citrobacter (bethesda) and its sensitivity to ten antibiotics and to furadoine].		1959	14419062
[paracoli bethesda (citrobacter) and escherichia freundii in disease in dakar].		1959	13797825
a problem on the pathogenic role of citrobacter of enteric bacteria.		1960	14440860
[an institutional epidemic of infant diarrhea caused by citrobacter].		1960	13753081
[on the drug resistance of enteric bacteria. 6. transmissibility of multiple drug resistance among citrobacter, shigella and e. coli].		1961	13711412
[contribution to the incidence and evaluation of citrobacter in man].		1963	13958276
[contribution to the incidence and evaluation of citrobacter in man].		1963	14030130
isolation of n-acetylneuraminic acid and 4-oxonorleucine from a polysaccharide obtained from citrobacter freundii.		1963	14072840
[study of 2 strains of citrobacter o 127:b8].		1964	14131335
synthesis of 4-oxonorleucine and comparison with an amino acid isolated from citrobacter freundii.		1964	14189890
[investigation of several highly pathogenic atypical citrobacter strains].		1964	5831629
[contribution to the problems of salmonella diagnosis: biochemical separation of citrobacter (e. freundii inclusive of ballerup-bethesda) from the salmonella group with the aid of the demonstration of lysin decarboxylase].		1964	5831687
[role of germs of the citrobacter group in the etiology of alimentary toxinfections].		1964	5837424
[citrobacter].		1965	5869289
citrobacter bacteriophages.		1965	14323053
citrobacter freundii associated with diarrhea in a laboratory mice.		1965	14341174
classification of enterobacteria based on overall similarity.	krieg, r. e. (iowa state university, ames), and w. r. lockhart. classification of enterobacteria based on overall similarity. j. bacteriol. 92:1275-1280. 1966.-a numerical study was made of 53 organisms, representing 12 genera of the family enterobacteriaceae and 4 members of the genus aeromonas. a total of 105 features was determined for each culture. matching coefficients were computed, and the organisms were sorted into phenetic groups by use of the "highest-link" criterion. the genera entero ...	1966	5924265
on the antigenic relationships of certain citrobacter and hafnia cultures.		1966	5953824
occurrence of a 3-amino sugar in the cell wall of citrobacter freundii 8090.		1966	5970884
separation of a hemolysin, a lethal factor and two proteases from culture filtrates of some pathogenic citrobacter strains by means of deae sephadex a-50.		1966	5991150
[antigen structure and antigenic relationships of the species citrobacter].		1966	5993491
frequency of occurrence of native hapten among enterobacterial species.	anacker, r. l. (rocky mountain laboratory, hamilton, mont.), w. d. bickel, w. t. haskins, k. c. milner, e. ribi, and j. a. rudbach. frequency of occurrence of native hapten among enterobacterial species. j. bacteriol. 91:1427-1433. 1966.-smooth cultures of representative enterobacteriaceae were screened for the presence of native hapten, a substance previously extracted with trichloroacetic acid from the protoplasmic fraction of one strain each of escherichia coli o111:b4 and o113. trichloroacet ...	1966	5326701
beta-galactosidase for distinguishing between citrobacter and salmonella.	detection of beta-galactosidase with the aid of o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (onpg) was examined as a means for distinguishing between citrobacter and salmonella. several factors which influence sensitivity and reliability of the test were studied. a bacteriostat, sodium azide, was included to permit prolonged incubation of weak and negative strains of enteric bacilli. by the procedure described, salmonellae gave negative onpg tests; all of 171 strains of citrobacter gave positive test ...	1966	5335384
[study of bacteriocins produced by bacteria belonging to the citrobacter-bethesda group].		1966	5339591
[study of several highly pathogenic atypical citrobacter strains. 2. cytotoxic effects of culture filtrates].		1966	4963969
delayed lactose fermentation by enterobacteriaceae.	goodman, r. e. (university of california, los angeles), and m. j. pickett. delayed lactose fermentation by enterobacteriaceae. j. bacteriol. 92:318-327. 1966.-when 171 citrobacter freundii strains and 14 paracolobactrum arizonae strains examined, 51 of the c. freundii strains and 13 of the p. arizonae strains were found to be delayed or negative lactose fermenters. of the slow fermenters, 65% yielded rapidly fermenting mutants in cultures undergoing delayed fermentation. lactose fermentation cou ...	1966	16562113
immunofluorescence technique for the detection of salmonellae in various foods.	salmonella species have been detected in nine food varieties by use of fluorescent antibodies without false-positive or false-negative results. test antisera were specially prepared, commercially available, conjugated polyvalent o globulin absorbed with cultures of escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii, and polyvalent phase ii h globulin antibodies. use of this technique permits a decrease of 24 hr in time normally required for salmonella detection when compared with cultural salmonella reco ...	1967	16349728
physicochemical and biological properties of sonically treated vi antigen.	electrophoretically purified vi antigen from citrobacter freundii 5396/38 was depolymerized by sonic treatment. the treatment caused an 80% reduction in specific viscosity and a reduction in molecular weight from 1.6 x 10(6) to 3.9 x 10(4). the o-acetyl and n-acetyl contents of the antigen and its infrared spectrum remained unchanged. the sonically treated antigen was only 1% as effective as the original antigen in eliciting protection in mice against challenge with salmonella typhi. sonically t ...	1967	4964477
[the etiological significance and incidence of germs of the citrobacter group in intestinal inflammation].		1967	4925331
occurrence of 3-amino-3,6-dideoxyhexoses in salmonella and related bacteria.	several species of salmonella, citrobacter, and arizona were examined for the presence of 3-amino sugars, which were isolated from lipopolysaccharide hydrolysates by cation exchange chromatography and identified by paper and cation exchange chromatography in several systems and by specific colorimetric procedures. 3-amino-3,6-dideoxyglucose was identified in c. freundii 8090, c. freundii 869, s. halle, s. telaviv, s. dakar, s. wandsworth, and s. champaign; 3-amino-3,6-dideoxygalactose was found ...	1967	6025452
release of surface enzymes in enterobacteriaceae by osmotic shock.	the process of osmotic shock, which has been used to release degradative enzymes from escherichia coli, can be applied successfully to other members of the enterobacteriaceae. cyclic phosphodiesterase (3'-nucleotidase), 5'-nucleotidase (diphosphate sugar hydrolase), acid hexose phosphatase, and acid phenyl phosphatase are released from shigella, enterobacter, citrobacter, and serratia strains. some strains of salmonella also release these enzymes. members of proteus and providencia groups fail t ...	1967	4294595
carbohydrate composition of the phenol-soluble lipopolysaccharides of citrobacter freundii.	phenol-soluble lipopolysaccharides were obtained from the interphase and phenol phase fractions of 44% aqueous phenol-extracted citrobacter species. upon detailed investigation of c. freundii 8090, the two lipopolysaccharide fractions were found to contain different amounts of lipid a, although qualitative composition was similar. both contained lipid a, 2-keto-deoxyoctonic acid, heptose, phosphate, d-glucose, galactose, rhamnose, 2-acetamido-2 deoxy-d-glucose, 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose, ...	1968	5669888
[a case of neonatal purulent meningitis caused by citrobacter].		1968	5739230
[contributions to the study of salmonellae. common proteins of salmonellae belonging to groups b, c, d, and e, and their relation with citrobacter ballerup].		1968	4969255
biosynthesis of the o antigen from citrobacter 139.	the biosynthesis of the o antigen of citrobacter 139 (escherichia coli 3 zurich 4,5,12:z(20)) was shown to proceed through a series of lipid-linked intermediates, similar to those involved in o-antigen synthesis in salmonella. galactose was the first sugar incorporated, followed by rhamnose and mannose. abequose was incorporated from cytidine diphosphate (cdp)-abequose only when all three of the other nucleotide sugars (uridine diphosphate galactose, guanosine diphosphate mannose, and thymidine ...	1968	4876133
[studies on the differential diagnosis between salmonella subgenus iv and citrobacter].		1968	4884480
[secretion of amino acids by the citrobacter intermedium strain].		1968	4893897
taxonomic investigations on expressed and cryptic phospho-beta-glucosidases in enterobacteriaceae.	in the enterobacteriaceae, beta-glucosides are catabolized by a complex system formed of three permeases, with partly overlapping substrate specificities, and two hydrolytic enzymes, phospho-beta-glucosidase a and b, which hydrolyze only phosphorylated beta-glucosides. some enterobacteriaceae such as klebsiella-aerobacter (enterobacter) possess the complete system; others possess only parts of it or may have a cryptic phospho-beta-glucosidase activity without permease activity. a screening test ...	1969	4897109
[the genus citrobacter and its implications in infectious pathology].		1969	4903909
comparative study of the efficacy of seven paper-reagent strips and conventional biochemical tests in identifying gram-negative organisms.	gram-nagative organisms were tested with commercially available reagentimpregnated strips (patho-tec). of the 291 strains, all were tested by using seven paper tests and their conventional counterparts. excellent correlation was obtained with the oxidase, phenylalanine-deaminase, and voges-proskauer tests. indole tests made on liquid medium cultures also gave complete correlation, but some false-negative results with indole-positive proteus strains were obtained when growth from solid medium was ...	1969	4907007
the transfer of a factor which determines glutamate secretion from citrobacter intermedium c-3 to paracolobactrum intermedium.		1969	5795904
[production of alanine by fermentation with citrobacter intermedium c3].		1969	5800561
the clinical significance of citrobacter intermedium.		1969	5809203
investigation of the enteric bacteria of the testudinata. i. occurrence of the genera arizona, citrobacter, edwardsiella and salmonella.		1969	5817792
beta-lactamase activity and resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, and cephaloridine of klebsiella, enterobacter, and citrobacter.		1969	5202413
gangrenous ulcer and septicemia due to citrobacter.		1969	5253645
[influence of the inoculum on the growth of citrobacter intermedium c3 in a discontinued culture].		1969	5386019
[classification of genus citrobacter].		1970	5444292
the identification of 4-deoxy-d-arabino-hexose as a constituent in lipopolysaccharides of four citrobacter species.		1970	5471817
[the biochemical characteristics of standard strains of bacteria of the genus citrobacter].		1970	5494780
[colonial heterogeneity of citrobacter intermedium c3, in relation to alanine secretion].		1970	5499090
hydrogen sulfide-negative variant of citrobacter.	the characteristics of 25 hydrogen sulfide-negative strains of citrobacter were studied. the majority of isolates were from the respiratory tract and usually were of indeterminate clinical significance. all strains were highly susceptible to polymyxin b, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, and nitrofurantoin.	1970	4925244
[colony analysis of the production of glutamic acid by citrobacter intermedium c3].		1970	4925399
a turtle colony epizootic apparently of microbial origin.		1970	16512157
comparison of the rates of motility of salmonella with those of other enteric bacteria.	comparison of the rates of motility through a semisolid medium of 16 common salmonella sp., 14 escherichia coli serotypes, 4 arizona strains, 2 escherichia freundii (citrobacter) isolates, 2 proteus sp., and 2 pseudomonas sp. revealed the following. (i) very closely related bacteria could demonstrate markedly different rates of progression. (ii) all of the salmonellae tested advanced faster than the proteus and pseudomonas test cultures but some salmonella sp., notably s. choleraesuis and s. typ ...	1971	4926440
immunochemical studies on citrobacter o antigens (lipopolysaccharides).		1971	4934680
r-b enteric differential system for identification of enterobacteriaceae.	the r/b enteric differential system for identifying enteric bacteria has been evaluated with 451 "unknown" cultures from the stock culture collection of the center for disease control. an average of 89.6% of these cultures were correctly identified by the r/b system, when used as recommended by the manufacturer but without the assistance of serology. this percentage ranged, however, from 47% for klebsiella to 100% for serratia and providencia. of 11 groups or genera of enterobacteriaceae tested, ...	1971	4935490
r factors of escherichia coli strains causing urinary tract infections, their types of transfer factors and differences in their transmissibility to citrobacter and salmonella typhimurium recipient strains.		1971	4939358
citrobacter freundii mutants deficient in host specificity functions and their recipient ability for foreign deoxyribonucleic acid.		1971	4941950
preparation and testing of polyvalent conjugates for fluorescent-antibody detection of salmonellae.	a polyvalent oh conjugate for salmonella o groups a through i, k, l, and o was prepared and tested against pure cultures of salmonellae, nonsalmonellae, and a variety of food, fecal, and environmental specimens. examination of pure cultures revealed that the conjugate gave negligible staining with representative strains of shigella, proteus, providence, serratia, and pseudomonas. however, it stained 12% of the escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii strains and 36% of the arizona strains. over ...	1971	4943590
[fimbriae in bacteria of the citrobacter genus].		1971	5553628
citrobacter group including the bethesda-ballerup (cbb) strains isolated in vellore.		1971	5579233
a new group of enterobacteria, possibly a new citrobacter sp.		1971	5116253
nutritional requirements of arizona, citrobacter, and providencia.	the nutritional requirements of arizona, citrobacter, and providencia are compared, and chemically defined media in which these organisms may be grown are reported.	1971	5128338
on the taxonomy, ecology and immunochemistry of genus citrobacter.		1971	5170795
aspartate transcarbamylases of citrobacter freundii.		1971	4330264
identification of products of the uridinediphospho-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine oxidoreductase system from citrobacter freundii atcc 10053.	uridinediphospho-n-acetyl glucosamine is converted to one or more uridine-diphospho-4-keto-6-deoxy-2-acetamidohexose derivatives by an enzyme from citrobacter freundii atcc 10053. borohydride reduction of reaction products followed by acid hydrolysis yielded several amino sugars. two of these were identified as fucosamine and quinovosamine by chromatography and ninhydrin degradation.	1972	4336107
properties of a temperature sensitive plasmid in citrobacter freundii.		1972	4345930
[antigenic relation between the citrobacter "pécs" strain and the "d" group salmonellae].		1972	4145484
selective medium for hydrogen sulfide production by salmonellae.	triple sugar iron agar does not reveal hydrogen sulfide production by all salmonella organisms nor does it permit clear-cut separation of those nonsalmonellae which produce h(2)s. numerous media with varied combinations of nutrients, inhibitors, selective agents, ph levels, and metal salts were tested for h(2)s production of cultures of salmonella, citrobacter, edwardsiella, arizona, proteus, providencia, klebsiella, and enterobacter. an agar medium has been devised which promotes growth and h(2 ...	1972	4557561
klebsiella biotypes among coliforms isolated from forest environments and farm produce.	samples of water, soil, needles, and bark were collected from three different forest environments and from a pulp and paper mill. in addition, samples of fresh produce were obtained from a local supermarket. all samples were examined for total and fecal coliforms. the counts obtained from the forestrelated samples did not correlate with sample type or location. when 123 isolates were identified biochemically, 71% were klebsiella, 19% enterobacter, 8% citrobacter, and 2% escherichia. all the citr ...	1972	4568255
[laboratory diagnosis of bacteria of the genus citrobacter].		1972	4124514
[acute enterocolitis associated with bacteria of the citrobacter genus].		1972	5018432
[antigenic characteristics of standard strains of bacteria of the citrobacter genus (o-antigens)].		1972	5037752
the physiological role of tetrathionate respiration in growing citrobacter.		1972	5039254
serological relationship between pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteriaceae. i. relationship of pseudomonas aeruginosa o antigens to salmonella, arizona and citrobacter.		1972	4206764
isolation of vi antigen and a simple method for its measurement.	vi antigen was purified from saline extract of citrobacter strain 5396/38 by enzymatic digestion, concentration with ethanol, and precipitation with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. the vi antigen prepared by this method was 18 and 230 times more protective in mice than two other preparations isolated by an earlier method utilizing acid hydrolysis. a sensitive and specific method of electroimmunodiffusion was described for measurement of vi antigen.	1972	4628798
[pathogenicity of bacteria of the genus citrobacter for laboratory animals].		1972	4663479
effect of ddt on antibody response to typhoid vaccine in rabbits and man.		1972	4680354
enterobacteria in feedlot waste and runoff.	samples of beef cattle feedlot waste (flw), runoff from the pens, and water from a large drainage ditch at the feedlot were examined for enterobacteriaceae. the drainage ditch receives the runoff but contains primarily subsurface drainage from fields on which flw is spread for disposal. planting and enrichment techniques with seven different media were used to isolate 553 cultures of enterobacteria. flw contains about 50 million enterobacteria/g dry weight. more than 90% of these were escherichi ...	1972	16349932
neonatal meningitis caused by citrobacter koseri.	three cases of neonatal meningitis, two of which were fatal, occurred in a premature baby unit during a period of one week. a fourth case occurred in the same unit six months later. citrobacter koseri was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of all four cases. detailed biochemical and serological examination of the organisms showed that two distinct bioserotypes were involved.	1973	4696833
fatty acid composition of paracolons: arizona, citrobacter, and providencia.	the fatty acid compositions of stationary-phase cultures of arizona arizonae, citrobacter freundii, providencia alcalifaciens, providencia stuartii, and providencia sp. were studied. the major fatty acids of a. arizonae, c. freundii, and providencia were 16:0, 16:1, 17:cyclopropane, and 19:cyclopropane. the fatty acid compositions of the two strains of a. arizonae examined were similar to each other, but the three strains of c. freundii differed from one another in their fatty acid compositions. ...	1973	4698216
[methods of identifying bacteria of the genus citrobacter].		1973	4711420
neonatal citrobacter meningitis.		1973	4712775
molecular relationships among the salmonelleae.	polynucleotide sequence relatedness studies were carried out to determine the extent of divergence present in members of the tribe salmonelleae and between salmonellae and other enteric bacteria. typical salmonella were 85 to 100% related. two groups of biochemically atypical salmonella showed somewhat lower binding to typical salmonellae and to each other. arizona were 70 to 80% related to salmonellae. two groups of arizona were detected. these groups correlated with the presence of monophasic ...	1973	4717519
neonatal meningitis caused by citrobacter koseri.		1973	4727063
clinical and bacteriologic observations on a recently recognized species of enterobacteriaceae, citrobacter diversus.		1973	4743548
[the antigenic structure and o-antigen relationships of bacteria of the genus citrobacter (review of the literature)].		1973	4780916
sisomicin: evaluation in vitro and comparison with gentamicin and tobramycin.	sisomicin is a new antibiotic produced by micromonospora inyoensis. the in vitro activities of sisomicin, gentamicin, and tobramycin, three similar aminoglycosides, were determined against 228 clinical isolates representing 10 genera of common pathogens. no difference was noted in the activities of these antimicrobial agents when assayed by a standard broth dilution technique against klebsiella, enterobacter, escherichia, salmonella, citrobacter, enterococci, or staphylococcus aureus. sisomicin ...	1973	4790572
cell-envelope changes in mutants of citrobacter freundii with altered response to colicin a.		1973	4632420
[antigenic relationships between strains of the citrobacter collection and enterobacteria of different genera].		1973	4545013
salmonella isolations from snakes and other reptiles.	bacteriological examination of faeces and swabs from fourteen species of reptiles predominantly constrictors, yielded six serotypes of salmonella as well as arizona hinshawii, proteus species, citrobacter freundii and enterobacter species. organisms isolated were identified using conventional bacteriological methods and yielded two serotypes of salmonellae not previously identified in canada: salmonella nima and salmonella 58:a.	1973	4270441
recognition of citrobacter diversus in the clinical laboratory.	characteristics and antibiotic sensitivities of citrobacter diversus are described, and a minimal number of diagnostic tests to identify this organism in a clinical laboratory are suggested.	1973	4568887
potential pathogens in the environment: isolation, enumeration, and identification of seven genera of intestinal bacteria associated with small green pet turtles.	bacteriological analyses were performed on fecal swabs and the aquarium water of 27 individually purchased specimens of the small green pet turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans. representatives of aeromonas, citrobacter, enterobacter, klebsiella, proteus, salmonella, and serratia were isolated. enterobacter, klebsiella, and salmonella were encountered in 20% or more of the specimens, whereas aeromonas was isolated from 63%. klebsiella pneumoniae counts ranged from 10(3) to 10(4) per milliliter of a ...	1973	4572984
some observations on the incorporation of novobiocin into hektoen enteric agar for improved salmonella isolation.	novobiocin was incorporated into hektoen enteric agar as a means of suppressing those proteus and citrobacter organisms that produce colonies which are often mistaken for salmonella.	1973	4580192
host controlled restriction and modification of bacteriophage mu and mu-promoted chromosome mobilization in citrobacter freundii.		1973	4581370
medium for the isolation of aeromonas hydrophila.	a new differential medium, rimler-shotts, was tested with 109 isolates representing 13 genera of bacteria obtained from aquatic environments and animals. this medium was effective in presumptive identification of the strains of aeromonas hydrophila examined, with 94% accuracy. strains of citrobacter which were hydrogen sulfide-variable could not be separated from a. hydrophila. this medium was designed to facilitate diagnosis of a. hydrophila infections in animals and humans.	1973	4584594
present knowledge and aspects of citrobacter.		1973	4597747