Publications

stable expression of pertussis toxin in bordetella bronchiseptica under the control of a tightly regulated promoter.	pertussis toxin (pt) is an essential component of accellular vaccines against whooping cough. however, the industrial production of pt from bordetella pertussis is impaired by slow growth and poor yields. to overcome these problems, we have constructed a minitransposon containing the tox operon under the control of a tightly regulated promoter responsive to an aromatic inducer. the expression cassettes have been integrated into the chromosome of bordetella bronchiseptica 5376 and atcc 10580 bvg. ...	1997	8979346
antigenic polymorphism of the lipopolysaccharides from human and animal isolates of bordetella bronchiseptica.	six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against lipopolysaccharides (lps) from bordetella pertussis (p1p3, 60.5), b. parapertussis (pp2, pp6, ppb) and b. bronchiseptica (brg1) were used to examine the presence of antigenic determinants of lps on b. bronchiseptica cells. forty-eight clinical isolates of this gram-negative bacterium (4 canine, 3 equine, 6 porcine, 4 rabbit and 31 human) were examined. significant cross-reactivities with the heterologous anti-pertussis and anti-parapertussis mabs were obs ...	1997	9141706
[infection by bordetella bronchiseptica in patients with aids].		1997	9147515
temperature dependent expression of an acid phosphatase by bordetella bronchiseptica: role in intracellular survival.	bordetella bronchiseptica has the ability to invade and survive intracellularly. this potential to survive for extended periods within eukaryotic cells might play an important role in the pathogenesis of the infections caused by this microorganism. the bacterial factors involved in this process, however, have not yet been determined. in this study we have identified an acid phosphatase produced by b. bronchiseptica, but not by other bordetella spp. the expression of this enzyme was demonstrated ...	1997	9160295
molecular characterization of two bordetella bronchiseptica strains isolated from children with coughs.	during a surveillance program associated with the italian clinical trial for the evaluation of new acellular pertussis vaccines, two bacterial isolates were obtained in cultures of samples from immunocompetent infants who had episodes of cough. both clinical isolates were identified as bordetella bronchiseptica by biochemical criteria, although both strains agglutinated with antisera specific for bordetella parapertussis, suggesting that the strains exhibited some characteristics of both b. bron ...	1997	9163480
structural characterization of the lipids a of three bordetella bronchiseptica strains: variability of fatty acid substitution.	the structures of lipids a isolated from the lipopolysaccharides (lpss; endotoxins) of three different pathogenic bordetella bronchiseptica strains were investigated by chemical composition and methylation analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and plasma desorption mass spectrometry (pdms). the analyses revealed that the lpss contain the classical lipid a bisphosphorylated beta-(1-->6)-linked d-glucosamine disaccharide with hydroxytetradecanoic acid in amide ...	1997	9171426
a mutation in the bordetella bronchiseptica bvgs gene results in reduced virulence and increased resistance to starvation, and identifies a new class of bvg-regulated antigens.	the bordetella bvgas signal-transduction system has traditionally been viewed as mediating a transition between two distinct phenotypic phases: the bvg+ phase, characterized by the expression of adhesins and toxins, and the bvg-phase, characterized by motility in bordetella bronchiseptica and by the expression of vrg loci in bordetella pertussis. in b. bronchiseptica, the bvg+ phase is necessary and sufficient for respiratory tract colonization whereas the bvg phase is required for growth under ...	1997	9194696
use of ribotyping to distinguish bordetella bronchiseptica isolates.	a total of 113 bordetella bronchiseptica strains, isolated from 11 different host species worldwide, were characterized by ribotyping with restriction enzyme pvuii. sixteen distinct ribotypes were identified, and each ribotype contained five to seven restriction fragments ranging in size from 1.8 to 5.6 kb. approximately 88% of the swine isoaltes were identified as ribotype 3 strains. isolates from dogs also displayed little variation; 74.1% were found to be ribotype 4 strains. strains obtained ...	1997	9226899
flagellin, a major protein present in sds-page profiles of sarkosyl-omp-enriched fractions from bordetella bronchiseptica bvg- or modulated bvg+ strains.	the bvg or vir locus positively regulates the expression of many bordetella virulence-associated determinants (encoded by vag genes), including cell envelope proteins, in response to environmental stimuli. on the other hand, several genes named vrg genes are negatively controlled by the bvg regulon (knapp and mekalanos, 1988). flagellin is encoded by a vrg gene, which is expressed when the principal virulence factors are eliminated during antigenic modulation or in phase variants (akerley et al. ...	1997	9228683
phase variation affects long-term survival of bordetella bronchiseptica in professional phagocytes.	several bordetella bronchiseptica isolates were investigated for intracellular survival in macrophages. a significant number of viable bacteria of all strains could be recovered even after 96 h postinfection. in all cases bvg mutants of the b. bronchiseptica strains showed a significant survival advantage over the respective wild-type strains. the bacteria were already located in phagolysosomes early after uptake. neither opsonization of the bacteria nor activation of the macrophages with gamma ...	1997	9234815
crystal violet staining of bordetella bronchiseptica colonies for differentiation of phase-i strains from variant strains in degraded phases.	after 2 days of growth on brain heart infusion agar (bhia) at 38 degrees c, phase-i colonies and degraded-phase colonies of bordetella bronchiseptica could be differentiated by their ability to take up crystal violet (cv). phase-i colonies in x mode, but not colonies in degraded phases (phases ii, iii, and rough) bound cv. phenotypically-altered c-mode colonies (grown at 32 degrees c or lower temperatures) also lacked this ability. cv staining offers an easy method for the recognition of differe ...	1997	9243005
analysis of the alcabc operon encoding alcaligin biosynthesis enzymes in bordetella bronchiseptica.	we previously cloned a b. bronchiseptica (bb) genomic dna fragment that complements a bb alcaligin biosynthesis mutant, and reported the identification of a gene, alca, with predicted protein sequence similarity to siderophore biosynthesis enzymes from other organisms. in the present study we show that further nt sequencing of this region revealed two open reading frames (orfs) 3' to alca that encode putative proteins alcb and alcc, with significant sequence similarity to the aerobactin biosynth ...	1997	9266668
cleavage of influenza a virus h1 hemagglutinin by swine respiratory bacterial proteases.	cleavage of influenza a virus hemagglutinin (ha) is required for expression of fusion activity and virus entry into cells. extracellular proteases are responsible for the proteolytic cleavage activation of avirulent avian and mammalian influenza viruses and contribute to pathogenicity and tissue tropism. the relative contributions of host and microbial proteases to cleavage activation in natural infection remain to be established. we examined 23 respiratory bacterial pathogens and 150 aerobic ba ...	1997	9311838
pertactin antigens extracted from bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica differ in the isoelectric point.	pertactin, which is a membrane-associated antigen of bordetella pertussis and which is present in many acellular vaccines against whooping cough, has been reported to be similar to the homologous protein in bordetella bronchiseptica. by running parallel experiments using proteins derived from the two species, we show that the isoelectric point of pertactin from b. pertussis is lower than reported and clearly distinguishable from the homologous protein of b. bronchiseptica.	1997	9325433
bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotizing toxin induces reorganization of actin stress fibers through deamidation of gln-63 of the gtp-binding protein rho.	bordetella dermonecrotizing toxin causes assembly of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions in some cultured cells and induces mobility shifts of the small gtp-binding protein rho on electrophoresis. we attempted to clarify the molecular basis of the toxin action on rho. analysis of the amino acid sequence of toxin-treated rhoa revealed the deamidation of gln-63 to glu. the substitution of glu for gln-63 of rhoa by site-directed mutagenesis caused a mobility shift on electrophoresis, which was ...	1997	9326660
atypical disease after bordetella pertussis respiratory infection of mice with targeted disruptions of interferon-gamma receptor or immunoglobulin mu chain genes.	using a murine respiratory challenge model we have previously demonstrated a role for th1 cells in natural immunity against bordetella pertussis, but could not rule out a role for antibody. here we have demonstrated that b. pertussis respiratory infection of mice with targeted disruptions of the genes for the ifn-gamma receptor resulted in an atypical disseminated disease which was lethal in a proportion of animals, and was characterized by pyogranulomatous inflammation and postnecrotic scarring ...	1997	9382883
a highly adherent phenotype associated with virulent bvg+-phase swine isolates of bordetella bronchiseptica grown under modulating conditions.	the ability of bvg(-)-phase and bvg(+)-phase bordetella bronchiseptica swine isolates, grown under modulating or nonmodulating conditions, to adhere to swine ciliated nasal epithelial cells was determined. when virulent strains were cultivated at 37 degrees c in the bvg+ phase, numerous adherent bacteria (approximately eight per cell, depending on the strain used) were observed. however, when such strains were grown under modulating conditions (23 degrees c), a significant increase in the level ...	1997	9393829
bordetella bronchiseptica expresses the fimbrial structural subunit gene fima.	the differential host species specificities of bordetella pertussis, b. parapertussis, and b. bronchiseptica might be explained by polymorphisms in adherence factor genes. we have found that b. parapertussis and b. bronchiseptica, unlike b. pertussis, contain a full-length gene for the fimbrial subunit fima. b. bronchiseptica expresses fima in a bvgas-dependent fashion.	1997	9401052
[bronchoalveolar lavage on pig breeding farms].	in 182 pigs lung lavage was performed using a endotracheal tube and a catheter. the collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) was examined microbiologically. with decreasing numbers alpha-hämolytic streptococci, bordetella bronchiseptica, haemophilus parasuis, pasteurella multocida were cultured. actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was isolated from 3 balfs. in one farm piglets were lavaged routinely for monitoring of the lung health status.	1997	9410726
bordetella bronchiseptica has a bvgas-controlled cytotoxic effect upon interaction with epithelial cells.	the interaction between the respiratory pathogen bordetella bronchiseptica and epithelial cells was studied. after 2-3 h, b. bronchiseptica strains exerted a strong cytotoxic effect on hela cells which was evident by rounding of the cells and detachment from the substrate and which ultimately resulted in total disintegration of the host cell. production of this cytotoxic activity appeared to be regulated by the bvgas sensory transduction system, which coordinately regulates many b. bronchiseptic ...	1997	9513272
prevalence of antibodies against bordetella bronchiseptica in cats with a history of respiratory disease.		1997	22047433
the role of bordetella bronchiseptica in feline respiratory disease.		1997	22047431
comparison of vitek gni and gni+ cards for identification of gram-negative bacteria.	the gni+ card has been developed by biomerieux vitek as an improvement over the gni card for the identification of certain species of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. in this study, we tested 304 organisms from 30 different species on both the gni and gni+ cards. the gni card correctly identified 285 (93.8%) of the isolates tested, and the gni+ card correctly identified 287 (94.4%) of the isolates tested. the average time to reporting was 4.1 h for the gni+ card compared to 5.7 h for ...	1998	9705437
immunoreactivity of five monoclonal antibodies against the 37-kilodalton common cell wall protein (psaa) of streptococcus pneumoniae.	five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against the streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococcal surface adhesin a (psaa) 37-kda common cell wall protein. these antibodies were used in a dot immunoblot and western blot study of clinical isolates of s. pneumoniae to detect the presence of the protein. by both assays, the mabs reacted with clinical isolates representing the 23 type-specific serotypes present in the licensed pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. western blot analysis confirmed the ...	1998	9521144
characterisation of the urease gene cluster in bordetella bronchiseptica.	bordetella bronchiseptica is a common ureolytic mammalian respiratory pathogen. the urease operon of this organism is encoded within an 8.9 kb dna fragment which contains the structural genes (urea, ureb and urec) and accessory genes (ured and ureg) homologous to other urease genes. uniquely, the uree and uref genes are fused to form a hybrid protein, ureef, which may result in tighter coordination of the putative functions of the individual accessory genes, nickel donation to the urease active ...	1998	9524276
the circe element and its putative repressor control cell cycle expression of the caulobacter crescentus groesl operon.	the groesl operon is under complex regulation in caulobacter crescentus. in addition to strong induction after exposure to heat shock, under physiological growth conditions, its expression is subject to cell cycle control. transcription and translation of the groe genes occur primarily in predivisional cells, with very low levels of expression in stalked cells. the regulatory region of groesl contains both a sigma32-like promoter and a circe element. overexpression of c. crescentus sigma32 gives ...	1998	9537357
characterization of the bvgr locus of bordetella pertussis.	bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, produces a wide array of factors that are associated with its ability to cause disease. the expression and regulation of these virulence factors is dependent upon the bvg locus (originally designated the vir locus), which encodes two proteins: bvga, a 23-kda cytoplasmic protein, and bvgs, a 135-kda transmembrane protein. it is proposed that bvgs responds to environmental signals and interacts with bvga, a transcriptional regulator whic ...	1998	9537363
bordetella parapertussis infection in children: epidemiology, clinical symptoms, and molecular characteristics of isolates.	the clinical trial conducted in italy to evaluate the efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccines provided an opportunity to estimate the frequency of clinical infections with bordetella parapertussis and to compare the clinical characteristics of children suffering from bordetella pertussis illness with those of children with b. parapertussis illness. this study dealt with 76 b. parapertussis infections diagnosed from a population of 15,601 children participating in the follow-up of suspected case ...	1998	9542925
pasteurella multocida toxin and bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotizing toxin elicit similar effects on cultured cells by different mechanisms.	we compared the effects of pasteurella multocida toxin (pmt) with bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotizing toxin (dnt) at a cellular level under same conditions. both pmt and dnt cause actin stress fiber formation in mc3t3-e1 cells which is known to be regulated by the small gtp-binding protein rho. dnt induced mobility shifts of rho on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating direct modification as reported elsewhere. in contrast, no alternations in the electrophoretic mobility of r ...	1998	9560776
bacterial pneumonia due to bordetella bronchiseptica in a patient with acute leukemia.		1998	9564496
natural pathogens of laboratory mice, rats, and rabbits and their effects on research.	laboratory mice, rats, and rabbits may harbor a variety of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal agents. frequently, these organisms cause no overt signs of disease. however, many of the natural pathogens of these laboratory animals may alter host physiology, rendering the host unsuitable for many experimental uses. while the number and prevalence of these pathogens have declined considerably, many still turn up in laboratory animals and represent unwanted variables in research. investigators ...	1998	9564563
effects of ammonia inhalation and acetic acid pretreatment on colonization kinetics of toxigenic pasteurella multocida within upper respiratory tracts of swine.	pigs reared in intensive production systems are continuously exposed to ammonia released by the microbial degradation of their excrement. exposure to this gas has been shown to increase the severity of the disease progressive atrophic rhinitis by facilitating colonization of the pig's upper respiratory tract by pasteurella multocida. the etiological mechanism responsible for this synergy was investigated by studying the colonization kinetics of p. multocida enhanced by ammonia and comparing them ...	1998	9574688
enhancement of histamine--induced vascular permeability in guinea pigs infected with bordetella bronchiseptica.	in the nasal mucosa, histamine induces vascular permeability, stimulates nociceptive nerves, and recruits parasympathetic reflexes that regulate glandular exocytosis. unilateral histamine nasal provocations were performed in a group of guinea pigs in the prodromal stage of undiagnosed bordetella bronchiseptica infection. vascular permeability in the histamine challenged nostrils was increased approximately 2- to 4-fold compared to healthy animals (p < 0.001). the duration of significant vascular ...	1998	9578934
the use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to examine the epidemiology of bordetella bronchiseptica isolated from cats and other species.	a collection (164) of isolates of bordetella bronchiseptica made predominantly from cats (132) but also from dogs (15), pigs (12) and other species was examined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis following macrorestriction digestion with xbai. each isolate was analysed twice and the patterns were entirely reproducible. the isolates fell into 17 different strains (> 3 bands different) and within strains there were numerous subtypes. feline isolates fell into 12 of the 17 strains. in general, cat ...	1998	9593491
neither the bvg- phase nor the vrg6 locus of bordetella pertussis is required for respiratory infection in mice.	in bordetella species, the bvgas sensory transduction system mediates an alteration between the bvg+ phase, characterized by expression of adhesins and toxins, and the bvg- phase, characterized by the expression of motility and coregulated phenotypes in bordetella bronchiseptica and by the expression of vrg loci in bordetella pertussis. since there is no known environmental or animal reservoir for b. pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, it has been assumed that this phenotypic alter ...	1998	9596745
detection and identification of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 by multiplex pcr.	serotyping of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is based on detection of the serotype-specific capsular antigen. however, not all isolates can be serotyped, and some may cross-react with multiple serotyping reagents. to improve sensitivity and specificity of serotyping and for early detection, a multiplex pcr assay was developed for detection of a. pleuropneumoniae and identification of serotype 5 isolates. dna sequences specific to the conserved export and serotype-specific biosynthesis regions o ...	1998	9620404
cloning and comparison of flic genes and identification of glycosylation in the flagellin of pseudomonas aeruginosa a-type strains.	pseudomonas aeruginosa a-type strains produce flagellin proteins which vary in molecular weight between strains. to compare the properties of a-type flagellins, the flagellin genes of several pseudomonas aeruginosa a-type strains, as determined by interaction with specific anti-a monoclonal antibody, were cloned and sequenced. pcr amplification of the a-type flagellin gene fragments from five strains each yielded a 1.02-kb product, indicating that the gene size is not likely to be responsible fo ...	1998	9620973
variation in bordetella bronchiseptica lipopolysaccharide during human infection.	we previously reported the case of a human chronic bordetella bronchiseptica respiratory infection, due to contact with infected rabbits. lipopolysaccharides of the human isolates, of one rabbit isolate and of isolate from other origins were analyzed with sera from infected mice, rabbit and human. antigenicity and length of the lipopolysaccharide molecules varied between isolates. we showed a progressive loss of o-chain during infection, associated with an enhanced susceptibility of the isolates ...	1998	9627969
heterogeneity in levels of vacuolating cytotoxin gene (vaca) transcription among helicobacter pylori strains.	broth culture supernatants from tox+ helicobacter pylori strains induce vacuolation of hela cells in vitro and contain vaca in concentrations that are higher than those found in supernatants from tox- h. pylori strains. to investigate the basis for this phenomenon, we analyzed the transcription of the vacuolating cytotoxin gene (vaca) in eight tox+ strains (each with a type s1/m1 vaca genotype) and nine tox- strains (each with a type s2/m2 vaca genotype). most of the tox+ and tox- strains tested ...	1998	9632570
bioluminescence as a reporter of intracellular survival of bordetella bronchiseptica in murine phagocytes.	the uptake and persistence of bordetella bronchiseptica was characterized in murine phagocytes by using a novel bioluminescence-based reporter system. a mini-tn5 promoter probe carrying the intact lux operon from the terrestrial bacterium photorhabdus luminescens which allowed measurement of light output without the addition of exogenous substrate was constructed. it was used to create a pool of bioluminescent fusion strains of b. bronchiseptica. the internalization and persistence in murine mac ...	1998	9632586
lipopolysaccharide expression within the genus bordetella: influence of temperature and phase variation.	lpss play an important role in bacterial pathogenesis. in this study, the lps expression of the seven known bordetella species and its dependency on growth temperature was analysed by oxidative silver staining of proteinase-k-treated whole bacteria separated by tricine-sds-page. the bordetellae were found to have extensively variable lps in a species-specific way. in addition, the human and ovine bordetella parapertussis strains exhibited host-specific lps expression. lpss from human b. parapert ...	1998	9639923
[occurrence of bacterial infectious agents in pathologically/anatomically altered lungs of pigs and compilation of resistance spectra].	the goal of this work was to investigate the type and etiology of bacterial porcine pneumonia by analyses of autopsy findings made in the tierärztlichen ambulanz schwarzenbek, aussenstelle der freien universität berlin, and in the institut für tiergesundheit, milchhygiene und lebensmittelqualität der landwirtschaftskammer westfalen-lippe in münster in the years from 1991 to 1993. the evaluation of the results of the total 6560 autopsies (n = 6560) of pigs shows: 1. pneumonia as the main diagnosi ...	1998	9639952
cytoplasmic membrane lipoprotein lppc of streptococcus equisimilis functions as an acid phosphatase.	the function of the streptococcal cytoplasmic membrane lipoprotein, lppc, was identified with isogenic streptococcus equisimilis h46a and escherichia coli jm109 strain pairs differing in whether they contained [h46a and jm109(plpp2)] or lacked (h46a lppc::plpp10 and jm109) the functional lppc gene for comparative phosphatase determinations under acidic conditions. lppc-directed acid phosphatase activity was demonstrated zymographically and by specific enzymatic activity assays, with whole cells ...	1998	9647812
evaluation of the vitek 2 system for rapid identification of medically relevant gram-negative rods.	the new vitek 2 system (biomérieux) was evaluated at two independent sites with the identification card for gram-negative bacilli (id-gnb card). of the 845 strains tested, which represented 70 different taxa belonging to either the family enterobacteriaceae or the nonenteric bacilli, 716 (84.7%) were correctly identified at the species level. thirty-two (3.8%) additional strains were identified to the species level after the performance of simple, rapid manual tests (oxidase, hemolysis, indole r ...	1998	9650942
detection of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of pigs by pcr.	in the present investigation we developed a method for the detection of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) of pigs by pcr with a primer pair flanking a dna fragment of 853 bp specific for m. hyopneumoniae. several methods were tested to eliminate the amplification inhibitors present in balfs. the best results were obtained by the extraction of the dna from the balfs. by the pcr performed with the extracted dna, 10(2) cfu of m. hyopneumoniae could be detected in 1 ml ...	1998	9650949
the bvgas virulence control system regulates type iii secretion in bordetella bronchiseptica.	the bvgas signal transduction system in bordetella spp. mediates a transition between infectious (bvg+) and non-infectious (bvg-) phases by sensing environmental conditions and regulating gene expression. using differential display, arbitrary-primed polymerase chain reaction (pcr), we identified a gene expressed in the bvg+ phase of bordetella bronchiseptica that shows a high degree of sequence similarity to a locus involved in providing energy for type iii secretion in pathogenic gram-negative ...	1998	9663681
effect of ovalbumin aerosol exposure on colonization of the porcine upper airway by pasteurella multocida and effect of colonization on subsequent immune function.	seventy-three piglets were weaned at 1 week of age, randomly assigned to 10 groups (a to j), accommodated in stainless steel exposure chambers, and exposed continuously to a controlled environment containing aerosolized ovalbumin. the concentrations of ovalbumin dust were as follows (milligrams per cubic meter): a and f, 16.6; b and g, 8.4; c and h, 4.2; d and i, 2.1; e and j, 0. at weekly intervals, the pigs were bled via venipuncture and anesthetized for nasal lavage and tonsilar biopsies perf ...	1998	9665955
iron starvation of bordetella avium stimulates expression of five outer membrane proteins and regulates a gene involved in acquiring iron from serum.	iron starvation of bordetella avium induced expression of five outer membrane proteins with apparent molecular masses of 95, 92, 91.5, 84, and 51 kda. iron-responsive outer membrane proteins (ferps) of similar sizes were detected in six of six strains of b. avium, suggesting that the five ferps are common constituents of the outer membrane of most, if not all, strains of b. avium. iron-regulated genes of b. avium were targeted for mutagenesis with the transposon tnphoa. two mutants with iron-res ...	1998	9673238
cloning and expression of the moraxella catarrhalis lactoferrin receptor genes.	the lactoferrin receptor genes from two strains of moraxella catarrhalis have been cloned and sequenced. the lfr genes are arranged as lbpb followed by lbpa, a gene arrangement found in lactoferrin and transferrin receptor operons from several bacterial species. in addition, a third open reading frame, orf3, is located one nucleotide downstream of lbpa. the deduced lactoferrin binding protein a (lbpa) sequences from the two strains were found to be 99% identical, the lbpb sequences were 92% iden ...	1998	9673246
characterization of brka expression in bordetella bronchiseptica.	brka confers resistance to killing by complement in bordetella pertussis. complement resistance in bordetella bronchiseptica was examined. four b. bronchiseptica strains possessed the brka gene; however, only three expressed the protein. only the strain lacking brka was susceptible to complement. introduction of the b. pertussis brka gene restored brka expression to this strain but did not confer resistance. brka was mutated in the strains that naturally expressed brka, and loss of brka did not ...	1998	9673291
vag8, a bordetella pertussis bvg-regulated protein.	bordetella pertussis expresses a bvg-regulated 95-kda protein, vag8, encoded by vag-8. southern blot analysis indicates that strains of bordetella bronchiseptica and bordetella parapertussis have dna homologous to vag-8. antiserum raised to a fusion of maltose binding protein to an n-terminal 60-kda fragment of vag8 recognizes the native 95-kda protein in immunoblots of b. pertussis and b. bronchiseptica but not b. parapertussis. a 95-kda protein-negative derivative of b. pertussis 18323 contain ...	1998	9673293
molecular and functional analysis of the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis locus wlb from bordetella pertussis, bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica.	the bordetella pertussis wlb locus (wlbpe, formerly bpl) is required for the biosynthesis of a trisaccharide that, when attached to the b. pertussis lipopolysaccharide (lps) core (band b), generates band a lps. the equivalent loci in bordetella bronchiseptica (wlbbr) and bordetella parapertussis (wlbpa) were identified and cloned. the wlbbr and wlbpa loci differ from wlbpe in that they lack the insertion sequence that defines the right-hand terminus of wlbpe. deletion of 12 kb of dna containing ...	1998	9701800
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of clinical strains of cdc group ivc-2.	cdc group ivc-2 is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative bacillus that has been implicated in human infections, including septicemia and peritonitis. biochemically it most closely resembles bordetella bronchiseptica and alcaligenes sp. results of cellular fatty acid (cfa) and 16s rrna gene analysis were combined with biochemical data to assist in identification and classification. the predominant cfas were hexadecanoic acid (16:0), cis-9-hexadecanoic acid (16:1omega7c), cis-11-octad ...	1998	9705403
porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae use beta2 integrin (cd11/cd18) on mouse peritoneal macrophages as a cellular receptor, and the cd18 beta chain plays a functional role in fimbrial signaling.	in this study, we demonstrate that porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae use molecules of beta2 integrin (cd11/cd18) on mouse peritoneal macrophages as cellular receptors and also show that the beta chain (cd18) may play a functional role in signalling for the fimbria-induced expression of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) genes in the cells. using a binding assay with 125i-labeled fimbriae, we observed that fimbrial binding to the macrophages was inhibited by ...	1998	9712747
contribution of regulation by the bvg locus to respiratory infection of mice by bordetella pertussis.	whooping cough is an acute respiratory disease caused by the small, gram-negative bacterium bordetella pertussis. b. pertussis expresses several factors that contribute to its ability to cause disease. these factors include surface-associated molecules, which are involved in the adherence of the organism to respiratory epithelial cells, as well as several extracellular toxins that inhibit host defenses and induce damage to host tissues. the expression of virulence factors in b. pertussis is depe ...	1998	9712789
is481 and is1002 of bordetella pertussis create a 6-base-pair duplication upon insertion at a consensus target site.	the insertion sequence is481 and its isoform is1002 have been observed to transpose into the bvgas locus of bordetella pertussis, for which the dna sequence has previously been determined. upon insertion of is481 at three different sites and is1002 at one site, a 6-bp sequence originally present was found at the junction of bvg and insertion sequence dna. this indicates that, contrary to prior reports, is481 and is1002 do create a duplication upon insertion. in this light, examination of these a ...	1998	9733704
carbon source utilisation by bordetella bronchiseptica.	bordetella bronchiseptica isolates utilised tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates -- succinate, citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, fumarate, lactate and oxalo-acetate; the organic acids pyruvate, acetate and lactate; and the amino acids proline, glutamate, glutamine and tyrosine -- as sole sources of carbon and energy. the inability of b. bronchiseptica isolates, representing the three phase types and from different animal hosts, to utilise carbohydrates and sugar alcohols as sole carbon and energy ...	1998	9736157
a second two-component regulatory system of bordetella bronchiseptica required for bacterial resistance to oxidative stress, production of acid phosphatase, and in vivo persistence.	random minitransposon mutagenesis was used to identify genes involved in the survival of bordetella bronchiseptica within eukaryotic cells. one of the mutants which exhibited a reduced ability to survive intracellularly harbored a minitransposon insertion in a locus (ris) which displays a high degree of homology to two-component regulatory systems. this system exhibited less than 25% amino acid sequence homology to the only other two-component regulatory system described in bordetella spp., the ...	1998	9746560
iron-responsive gene regulation in a campylobacter jejuni fur mutant.	the expression of iron-regulated systems in gram-negative bacteria is generally controlled by the fur protein, which represses the transcription of iron-regulated promoters by using fe2+ as a cofactor. mutational analysis of the campylobacter jejuni fur gene was carried out by generation of a set of mutant copies of fur which had a kanamycin or chloramphenicol resistance gene introduced into the regions encoding the n and c termini of the fur protein. the mutated genes were recombined into the c ...	1998	9765558
two iron-regulated putative ferric siderophore receptor genes in bordetella bronchiseptica and bordetella pertussis.	two iron-regulated genes with deduced homology to tonb-dependent ferric siderophore receptors were cloned from bordetella bronchiseptica by screening a library of tnphoa insertion mutants. bfrb and bfrc were iron-repressed in b. bronchiseptica by a fur-dependent mechanism, and were expressed from promoters overlapped by potential fur-binding sites. both genes were highly conserved among bordetella species and were also iron-regulated in bordetella pertussis. bfrb and bfrc mutants of both species ...	1998	9766221
two-color hybridization assay for simultaneous detection of bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic pasteurella multocida from swine.	bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic pasteurella multocida are the etiologic agents of swine atrophic rhinitis. methods currently used for their identification are time-consuming and suffer from a lack of sensitivity. we describe a colony lift-hybridization assay for detection of b. bronchiseptica and toxigenic p. multocida that can be performed with a single colony lift derived from a primary isolation plate without the need for pure subcultures of suspect bacteria. membranes are hybridized ...	1998	9774590
activation of rho gtpases by escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 increases intestinal permeability in caco-2 cells.	the cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf1) activates rho gtpases by deamidation of glutamine-63 and thereby induces redistribution of the actin cytoskeleton and formation of stress fibers. here, we have studied the effects of cnf1 on the transepithelial resistance of caco-2 cells, a human intestinal epithelial cell line, in comparison with the rho-inactivating toxin b of clostridium difficile. whereas toxin b decreased the transepithelial resistance of caco-2 cells by about 80% after 4 h, cnf1 re ...	1998	9784513
bordetella avium virulence measured in vivo and in vitro.	bordetella avium causes an upper-respiratory-tract disease called bordetellosis in birds. bordetellosis shares many of the clinical and histopathological features of disease caused in mammals by bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica. in this study we determined several parameters of infection in the domestic turkey, meleagris galapavo, and compared these in vivo findings with an in vitro measure of adherence using turkey tracheal rings. in the in vivo experiments, we determined the ...	1998	9784529
efficacy of doxycycline in feed for the control of pneumonia caused by pasteurella multocida and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in fattening pigs.	a multicentre, controlled, randomised and blinded study was carried out in three french pig herds to assess the efficacy of doxycycline administered in the feed for the control of pneumonia. about 20 per cent of 363 pigs from the three fattening units were diseased at the start of the study. pneumonic lesions were found on pigs examined postmortem and pasteurella multocida was isolated from the lungs of pigs in all the herds. mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection was confirmed either by detection i ...	1998	9787419
the yersinia deadly kiss.		1998	9791096
histochemical and lectinhistochemical studies on nasal mucosa of pigs with or without respiratory diseases.	histochemical and lectinhistochemical examinations were carried out on nasal mucosa of pigs with or without respiratory diseases. as the results, both acid and neutral mucins coexisted in nasal mucosa of normal pigs while acid sialomucins were mainly observed in nasal mucosa of pigs infected with bordetella bronchiseptica and/or pasteurella multocida. lectinhistochemistry revealed that the nasal epithelial cells of normal pigs were rich in n-acetylgalactosamine, fucose and n-acetyl-glucosamine r ...	1998	9795904
the lipopolysaccharide of bordetella bronchiseptica acts as a protective shield against antimicrobial peptides.	resistance profiles of the two bordetella species b. bronchiseptica and b. pertussis against various antimicrobial peptides were determined in liquid survival and agar diffusion assays. b. bronchiseptica exhibited significantly higher resistance against all tested peptides than b. pertussis. the most powerful agents acting on b. bronchiseptica were, in the order of their killing efficiencies, cecropin p > cecropin b > magainin-ii-amide > protamine > melittin. interestingly, for b. bronchiseptica ...	1998	9826332
activity of the mitogenic pasteurella multocida toxin requires an essential c-terminal residue.	pasteurella multocida toxin (pmt) is a potent mitogen that also affects bone resorption. pmt acts intracellularly and is therefore postulated to have several domains involved in different aspects of its function. the toxin contains eight cysteine residues. mutants with individual substitutions for each of these residues were constructed, and the effects of these on the biological activity of the toxin were determined by cultured-cell assays. only the most c-terminal of the eight cysteines (c1165 ...	1998	9826336
filamentous hemagglutinin of bordetella bronchiseptica is required for efficient establishment of tracheal colonization.	adherence to ciliated respiratory epithelial cells is considered a critical early step in bordetella pathogenesis. for bordetella pertussis, the etiologic agent of whooping cough, several factors have been shown to mediate adherence to cells and cell lines in vitro. these putative adhesins include filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), fimbriae, pertactin, and pertussis toxin. determining the precise roles of each of these factors in vivo, however, has been difficult, due in part to the lack of natura ...	1998	9826374
characterization of proteus mirabilis precocious swarming mutants: identification of rsba, encoding a regulator of swarming behavior.	proteus mirabilis swarming behavior is characterized by the development of concentric rings of growth that are formed as cyclic events of swarmer cell differentiation, swarming migration, and cellular differentiation are repeated during colony translocation across a surface. this cycle produces the bull's-eye colony often associated with cultures of p. mirabilis. how the cells communicate with one another to coordinate these perfectly synchronized rings is presently unknown. we report here the i ...	1998	9829920
bordetella bronchiseptica cavitary pneumonia in a patient with aids.		1998	9832276
assessment of changes in microbial community structure during operation of an ammonia biofilter with molecular tools.	biofiltration has been used for two decades to remove odors and various volatile organic and inorganic compounds in contaminated off-gas streams. although biofiltration is widely practiced, there have been few studies of the bacteria responsible for the removal of air contaminants in biofilters. in this study, molecular techniques were used to identify bacteria in a laboratory-scale ammonia biofilter. both 16s rrna and ammonia monooxygenase (amoa) genes were used to characterize the heterotrophi ...	1998	9835577
isolation and characterization of bordetella bronchiseptica from cats in southern louisiana.	the role of bordetella bronchiseptica in respiratory disease of domestic cats is currently being explored. clinical and experimental studies in the united kingdom have shown bordetella bronchiseptica to be a primary respiratory pathogen in cats; similar studies in the united states are limited. the purpose of this study is to report on the isolation, seroprevalence, and partial characterization of bordetella bronchiseptica from shelter cats in southern louisiana. a total of 614 cats from four lo ...	1998	9839872
the virulence plasmid of yersinia, an antihost genome.	the 70-kb virulence plasmid enables yersinia spp. (yersinia pestis, y. pseudotuberculosis, and y. enterocolitica) to survive and multiply in the lymphoid tissues of their host. it encodes the yop virulon, an integrated system allowing extracellular bacteria to disarm the cells involved in the immune response, to disrupt their communications, or even to induce their apoptosis by the injection of bacterial effector proteins. this system consists of the yop proteins and their dedicated type iii sec ...	1998	9841674
selectivity of ferric enterobactin binding and cooperativity of transport in gram-negative bacteria.	the ligand-gated outer membrane porin fepa serves escherichia coli as the receptor for the siderophore ferric enterobactin. we characterized the ability of seven analogs of enterobactin to supply iron via fepa by quantitatively measuring the binding and transport of their 59fe complexes. the experiments refuted the idea that chirality of the iron complex affects its recognition by fepa and demonstrated the necessity of an unsubstituted catecholate coordination center for binding to the outer mem ...	1998	9852016
seroprevalence of antibodies to bordetella bronchiseptica in cats in the copenhagen area of denmark.		1998	9854774
evolution of a simian immunodeficiency virus pathogen.	analysis of disease induction by simian immunodeficiency viruses (siv) in macaques was initially hampered by a lack of molecularly defined pathogenic strains. the first molecularly cloned siv strains inoculated into macaques, sivmacbk28 and sivmacbk44 (hereafter designated bk28 and bk44, respectively), were cases in point, since they failed to induce disease within 1 year postinoculation in any inoculated animal. here we report the natural history of infection with bk28 and bk44 in inoculated rh ...	1998	9420239
identification and cloning of waaf (rfaf) from bordetella pertussis and use to generate mutants of bordetella spp. with deep rough lipopolysaccharide.	a dna locus from bordetella pertussis capable of reconstituting lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-antigen biosynthesis in salmonella typhimurium sl3789 (rfaf511) has been isolated, by using selection with the antibiotic novobiocin. dna within the locus encodes a protein with amino acid sequence similarity to heptosyltransferase ii, encoded by waaf (previously rfaf) in other gram-negative bacteria. mutation of this gene in b. pertussis, bordetella parapertussis, and bordetella bronchiseptica by allelic ...	1998	9422589
clinical evaluation of a new pcr assay for detection of coxiella burnetii in human serum samples.	a nested pcr method was developed for the detection of coxiella burnetii in human serum samples. two pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify a 438-bp fragment of the com1 gene encoding a 27-kda outer membrane protein of c. burnetii. the primers amplified the predicted fragments of 21 various strains of c. burnetii but did not react with dna samples from other microorganisms. the 438-bp amplification products could be digested with restriction enzymes sspi and sali. the utility ...	1998	9431924
use of an enrichment broth cultivation-pcr combination assay for rapid diagnosis of swine erysipelas.	we have previously described the creation by tn916 mutagenesis of avirulent transposition mutants from a highly virulent strain of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, the causative agent of swine erysipelas. in this study, we cloned a 2.2-kb dna fragment which flanked the tn916 insertion in an avirulent mutant (strain 33h6) and evaluated the possibility that this region could be used for the specific detection of e. rhusiopathiae. according to the sequences of this region, oligonucleotide primers were ...	1998	9431926
differential regulation of multiple flagellins in vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the human diarrheal disease cholera, is a motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum. motility has been implicated as a virulence determinant in some animal models of cholera, but the relationship between motility and virulence has not yet been clearly defined. we have begun to define the regulatory circuitry controlling motility. we have identified five v. cholerae flagellin genes, arranged in two chromosomal loci, flaac and flaedb; all five genes hav ...	1998	9440520
role of bordetella bronchiseptica in infectious tracheobronchitis in dogs.		1998	9448823
polymorphism in the bordetella pertussis virulence factors p.69/pertactin and pertussis toxin in the netherlands: temporal trends and evidence for vaccine-driven evolution.	the bordetella pertussis proteins p.69 (also designated pertactin) and pertussis toxin are important virulence factors and have been shown to confer protective immunity in animals and humans. both proteins are used in the new generation of acellular pertussis vaccines (acvs), and it is therefore important to study the degree of antigenic variation in these proteins. sequence analysis of the genes for p.69 and the pertussis toxin s1 subunit, using strains collected from dutch patients in the peri ...	1998	9453625
microbiological and clinical aspects of infection associated with stenotrophomonas maltophilia.	the gram-negative bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly recognized as an important cause of nosocomial infection. infection occurs principally, but not exclusively, in debilitated and immunosuppressed individuals. management of s. maltophilia-associated infection is problematic because many strains of the bacterium manifest resistance to multiple antibiotics. these difficulties are compounded by methodological problems in in vitro susceptibility testing for which there are, as y ...	1998	9457429
identification of bacterial isolates obtained from intestinal contents associated with 12,000-year-old mastodon remains.	mastodon (mammut americanum) remains unearthed during excavation of ancient sediments usually consist only of skeletal material, due to postmortem decomposition of soft tissues by microorganisms. two recent excavations of skeletal remains in anoxic sediments in ohio and michigan, however, have uncovered organic masses which appear to be remnants of the small and large intestines, respectively. macrobotanical examinations of the composition of these masses revealed assemblages of plant material r ...	1998	9464403
improved diagnostic pcr assay for actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based on the nucleotide sequence of an outer membrane lipoprotein.	the gene (omla) coding for an outer membrane protein of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 5 has been described earlier and has formed the basis for development of a specific pcr assay. the corresponding regions of all 12 a. pleuropneumoniae reference strains of biovar 1 were sequenced. alignment of the sequences revealed conserved terminal and variable middle regions, which divided the reference strains into four distinct groups. primers were selected from the conserved 5' and 3' t ...	1998	9466755
transcriptional analysis of the bordetella alcaligin siderophore biosynthesis operon.	the alc gene cluster of bordetella pertussis includes three genes, alca, alcb, and alcc, which are involved in alcaligin siderophore biosynthesis in response to iron starvation. the production of alca, alcb, and alcc in bordetella cells and the transcriptional organization of alca, alcb, and alcc were investigated by using a set of three alc'-'lacz gene fusion constructs that were contiguous with the known promoter upstream of alca and extended to fusion junctions within each alc cistron. all th ...	1998	9473039
identification and characterization of alcr, a gene encoding an arac-like regulator of alcaligin siderophore biosynthesis and transport in bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica.	a bordetella bronchiseptica iron transport mutant was isolated following an enrichment procedure based on streptonigrin resistance. the mutant displayed a growth defect on iron-restricted medium containing ferric alcaligin as the sole iron source. in addition to the apparent inability to acquire iron from the siderophore, the mutant failed to produce alcaligin as well as two known iron-regulated proteins, one of which is the alcc alcaligin biosynthesis protein. a 1.6-kb kpni-psti bordetella pert ...	1998	9473040
identification of alcr, an arac-type regulator of alcaligin siderophore synthesis in bordetella bronchiseptica and bordetella pertussis.	a fur titration assay was used to isolate dna fragments bearing putative fur binding sites (fbs) from a partial bordetella bronchiseptica genomic dna library. a recombinant plasmid bearing a 3.5-kb dna insert was further studied. successive deletions in the cloned fragment enabled us to map a putative fbs at about 2 kb from one end. sequence analysis revealed the presence of an fbs upstream from a new gene encoding an arac-type transcriptional regulator. the deduced protein displays similarity t ...	1998	9473041
variation in flagellin genes and proteins of burkholderia cepacia.	the majority of isolates of burkholderia cepacia, an important opportunistic pathogen associated with cystic fibrosis, can be classified into two types on the basis of flagellin protein size. electron microscopic analysis indicates that the flagella of strains with the larger flagellin type (type i) are wider in diameter. flagellin genes representative of both types were cloned and sequenced to design oligonucleotide primers for pcr amplification of the central variable domain of b. cepacia flag ...	1998	9495748
bacterial community dynamics during start-up of a trickle-bed bioreactor degrading aromatic compounds.	this study was performed with a laboratory-scale fixed-bed bioreactor degrading a mixture of aromatic compounds (solvesso100). the starter culture for the bioreactor was prepared in a fermentor with a wastewater sample of a care painting facility as the inoculum and solvesso100 as the sole carbon source. the bacterial community dynamics in the fermentor and the bioreactor were examined by a conventional isolation procedure and in situ hybridization with fluorescently labeled rrna-targeted oligon ...	1998	9501433
evaluation of pcr for diagnosis of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis infections.	pcr, using primers plp1 and plp2, was evaluated for the detection of dna from bordetella pertussis in bacterial strains and in nasopharyngeal samples from patients with a cough lasting at least 7 days. the assay could detect dna from 6 cfu of b. pertussis/10 microl of sample. results of the pcr assay were compared with those of cultures, a determination of serum antibodies against pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin, and a clinical evaluation of 2,442 coughing episodes. the overall sen ...	1998	9508295
identification of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in soil by reverse sample genome probing.	bacteria with limited genomic cross-hybridization were isolated from soil contaminated with c5+, a mixture of hydrocarbons, and identified by partial 16s rrna sequencing. filters containing denatured genomic dnas were used in a reverse sample genome probe (rsgp) procedure for analysis of the effect of an easily degradable compound (toluene) and a highly recalcitrant compound (dicyclopentadiene [dcpd]) on community composition. hybridization with labeled total-community dna isolated from soil exp ...	1998	16349504
biological activities of lipopolysaccharides extracted from porcine vaccine strains.	lipopolysaccharides (lpss) were purified from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2, bordetella bronchiseptica and haemophilus parasuis serotype 5, which were used for vaccine production in japan, by the phenol-water procedure. in sds-page analysis, a. pleuropneumoniae lps, as well as escherichia coli lps, demonstrated a typical ladder profile of a smooth-type lps. on the other hand, b. bronchiseptica and h. parasuis lpss lacked the ladder profiles. it was found that the biological activity ...	1999	10651044
dilemma of the virulence of strptococcus suis strains.		1999	10636727
[severe pneumonia caused by bordetella bronchiseptica].	bordetella bronchiseptica rarely causes disease in man, and is an unusual pathogen in animals. it causes a pertussis-like syndrome, but pneumonia and sepsis have been described in the immunocompromised as well as in the immunocompetent. a 53-year-old man with adult-onset diabetes and healed pulmonary tuberculosis presented with lobar pneumonia and rapidly developed septic shock with adult respiratory distress syndrome. he responded well to the combination of piperacillin-tazobactam.	1999	10959317
nosocomial transmission of bordetella bronchiseptica.		1999	10658816
localization of the intracellular activity domain of pasteurella multocida toxin to the n terminus.	we have shown that pasteurella multocida toxin (pmt) directly causes transient activation of gqalpha protein that is coupled to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase cbeta1 in xenopus oocytes (b. a. wilson, x. zhu, m. ho, and l. lu, j. biol. chem. 272:1268-1275, 1997). we found that antibodies directed against an n-terminal peptide of pmt inhibited the toxin-induced response in xenopus oocytes, but antibodies against a c-terminal peptide did not. to test whether the intracellular activity ...	1999	9864199
identification and characterization of ptlc, an essential component of the pertussis toxin secretion system.	ptlc is a member of a set of proteins necessary for the secretion of pertussis toxin (pt) from bordetella pertussis. using polyclonal antibodies specific for ptlc, we identified ptlc as a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 85,000 that localizes to the membrane fraction of bacterial cell extracts. we found that a mutant strain of b. pertussis that contains an in-frame deletion in ptlc is unable to secrete pt and that pt secretion is fully restored by expressing ptlc in trans, indicating ...	1999	9916087
the small gtp-binding protein rho regulates cortical activities in cultured cells during division.	we have investigated the role of the small gtp-binding protein rho in cytokinesis by microinjecting an inhibitor, c3 ribosyltransferase, into cultured cells. microinjection of c3 into prometaphase or metaphase normal rat kidney epithelial cells induced immediate and global cortical movement of actin toward the metaphase plate, without an apparent effect on the mitotic spindle. during anaphase, concentrated cortical actin filaments migrated with separating chromosomes, leaving no apparent concent ...	1999	9922456