Publications

identification of alcr, an arac-type regulator of alcaligin siderophore synthesis in bordetella bronchiseptica and bordetella pertussis.	a fur titration assay was used to isolate dna fragments bearing putative fur binding sites (fbs) from a partial bordetella bronchiseptica genomic dna library. a recombinant plasmid bearing a 3.5-kb dna insert was further studied. successive deletions in the cloned fragment enabled us to map a putative fbs at about 2 kb from one end. sequence analysis revealed the presence of an fbs upstream from a new gene encoding an arac-type transcriptional regulator. the deduced protein displays similarity t ...	1998	9473041
variation in flagellin genes and proteins of burkholderia cepacia.	the majority of isolates of burkholderia cepacia, an important opportunistic pathogen associated with cystic fibrosis, can be classified into two types on the basis of flagellin protein size. electron microscopic analysis indicates that the flagella of strains with the larger flagellin type (type i) are wider in diameter. flagellin genes representative of both types were cloned and sequenced to design oligonucleotide primers for pcr amplification of the central variable domain of b. cepacia flag ...	1998	9495748
bacterial community dynamics during start-up of a trickle-bed bioreactor degrading aromatic compounds.	this study was performed with a laboratory-scale fixed-bed bioreactor degrading a mixture of aromatic compounds (solvesso100). the starter culture for the bioreactor was prepared in a fermentor with a wastewater sample of a care painting facility as the inoculum and solvesso100 as the sole carbon source. the bacterial community dynamics in the fermentor and the bioreactor were examined by a conventional isolation procedure and in situ hybridization with fluorescently labeled rrna-targeted oligon ...	1998	9501433
evaluation of pcr for diagnosis of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis infections.	pcr, using primers plp1 and plp2, was evaluated for the detection of dna from bordetella pertussis in bacterial strains and in nasopharyngeal samples from patients with a cough lasting at least 7 days. the assay could detect dna from 6 cfu of b. pertussis/10 microl of sample. results of the pcr assay were compared with those of cultures, a determination of serum antibodies against pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin, and a clinical evaluation of 2,442 coughing episodes. the overall sen ...	1998	9508295
bordetella bronchiseptica has a bvgas-controlled cytotoxic effect upon interaction with epithelial cells.	the interaction between the respiratory pathogen bordetella bronchiseptica and epithelial cells was studied. after 2-3 h, b. bronchiseptica strains exerted a strong cytotoxic effect on hela cells which was evident by rounding of the cells and detachment from the substrate and which ultimately resulted in total disintegration of the host cell. production of this cytotoxic activity appeared to be regulated by the bvgas sensory transduction system, which coordinately regulates many b. bronchiseptic ...	1997	9513272
immunoreactivity of five monoclonal antibodies against the 37-kilodalton common cell wall protein (psaa) of streptococcus pneumoniae.	five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against the streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococcal surface adhesin a (psaa) 37-kda common cell wall protein. these antibodies were used in a dot immunoblot and western blot study of clinical isolates of s. pneumoniae to detect the presence of the protein. by both assays, the mabs reacted with clinical isolates representing the 23 type-specific serotypes present in the licensed pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. western blot analysis confirmed the ...	1998	9521144
characterisation of the urease gene cluster in bordetella bronchiseptica.	bordetella bronchiseptica is a common ureolytic mammalian respiratory pathogen. the urease operon of this organism is encoded within an 8.9 kb dna fragment which contains the structural genes (urea, ureb and urec) and accessory genes (ured and ureg) homologous to other urease genes. uniquely, the uree and uref genes are fused to form a hybrid protein, ureef, which may result in tighter coordination of the putative functions of the individual accessory genes, nickel donation to the urease active ...	1998	9524276
the circe element and its putative repressor control cell cycle expression of the caulobacter crescentus groesl operon.	the groesl operon is under complex regulation in caulobacter crescentus. in addition to strong induction after exposure to heat shock, under physiological growth conditions, its expression is subject to cell cycle control. transcription and translation of the groe genes occur primarily in predivisional cells, with very low levels of expression in stalked cells. the regulatory region of groesl contains both a sigma32-like promoter and a circe element. overexpression of c. crescentus sigma32 gives ...	1998	9537357
characterization of the bvgr locus of bordetella pertussis.	bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, produces a wide array of factors that are associated with its ability to cause disease. the expression and regulation of these virulence factors is dependent upon the bvg locus (originally designated the vir locus), which encodes two proteins: bvga, a 23-kda cytoplasmic protein, and bvgs, a 135-kda transmembrane protein. it is proposed that bvgs responds to environmental signals and interacts with bvga, a transcriptional regulator whic ...	1998	9537363
bordetella parapertussis infection in children: epidemiology, clinical symptoms, and molecular characteristics of isolates.	the clinical trial conducted in italy to evaluate the efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccines provided an opportunity to estimate the frequency of clinical infections with bordetella parapertussis and to compare the clinical characteristics of children suffering from bordetella pertussis illness with those of children with b. parapertussis illness. this study dealt with 76 b. parapertussis infections diagnosed from a population of 15,601 children participating in the follow-up of suspected case ...	1998	9542925
pasteurella multocida toxin and bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotizing toxin elicit similar effects on cultured cells by different mechanisms.	we compared the effects of pasteurella multocida toxin (pmt) with bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotizing toxin (dnt) at a cellular level under same conditions. both pmt and dnt cause actin stress fiber formation in mc3t3-e1 cells which is known to be regulated by the small gtp-binding protein rho. dnt induced mobility shifts of rho on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating direct modification as reported elsewhere. in contrast, no alternations in the electrophoretic mobility of r ...	1998	9560776
bacterial pneumonia due to bordetella bronchiseptica in a patient with acute leukemia.		1998	9564496
natural pathogens of laboratory mice, rats, and rabbits and their effects on research.	laboratory mice, rats, and rabbits may harbor a variety of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal agents. frequently, these organisms cause no overt signs of disease. however, many of the natural pathogens of these laboratory animals may alter host physiology, rendering the host unsuitable for many experimental uses. while the number and prevalence of these pathogens have declined considerably, many still turn up in laboratory animals and represent unwanted variables in research. investigators ...	1998	9564563
effects of ammonia inhalation and acetic acid pretreatment on colonization kinetics of toxigenic pasteurella multocida within upper respiratory tracts of swine.	pigs reared in intensive production systems are continuously exposed to ammonia released by the microbial degradation of their excrement. exposure to this gas has been shown to increase the severity of the disease progressive atrophic rhinitis by facilitating colonization of the pig's upper respiratory tract by pasteurella multocida. the etiological mechanism responsible for this synergy was investigated by studying the colonization kinetics of p. multocida enhanced by ammonia and comparing them ...	1998	9574688
enhancement of histamine--induced vascular permeability in guinea pigs infected with bordetella bronchiseptica.	in the nasal mucosa, histamine induces vascular permeability, stimulates nociceptive nerves, and recruits parasympathetic reflexes that regulate glandular exocytosis. unilateral histamine nasal provocations were performed in a group of guinea pigs in the prodromal stage of undiagnosed bordetella bronchiseptica infection. vascular permeability in the histamine challenged nostrils was increased approximately 2- to 4-fold compared to healthy animals (p < 0.001). the duration of significant vascular ...	1998	9578934
the use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to examine the epidemiology of bordetella bronchiseptica isolated from cats and other species.	a collection (164) of isolates of bordetella bronchiseptica made predominantly from cats (132) but also from dogs (15), pigs (12) and other species was examined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis following macrorestriction digestion with xbai. each isolate was analysed twice and the patterns were entirely reproducible. the isolates fell into 17 different strains (> 3 bands different) and within strains there were numerous subtypes. feline isolates fell into 12 of the 17 strains. in general, cat ...	1998	9593491
neither the bvg- phase nor the vrg6 locus of bordetella pertussis is required for respiratory infection in mice.	in bordetella species, the bvgas sensory transduction system mediates an alteration between the bvg+ phase, characterized by expression of adhesins and toxins, and the bvg- phase, characterized by the expression of motility and coregulated phenotypes in bordetella bronchiseptica and by the expression of vrg loci in bordetella pertussis. since there is no known environmental or animal reservoir for b. pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, it has been assumed that this phenotypic alter ...	1998	9596745
detection and identification of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 by multiplex pcr.	serotyping of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is based on detection of the serotype-specific capsular antigen. however, not all isolates can be serotyped, and some may cross-react with multiple serotyping reagents. to improve sensitivity and specificity of serotyping and for early detection, a multiplex pcr assay was developed for detection of a. pleuropneumoniae and identification of serotype 5 isolates. dna sequences specific to the conserved export and serotype-specific biosynthesis regions o ...	1998	9620404
cloning and comparison of flic genes and identification of glycosylation in the flagellin of pseudomonas aeruginosa a-type strains.	pseudomonas aeruginosa a-type strains produce flagellin proteins which vary in molecular weight between strains. to compare the properties of a-type flagellins, the flagellin genes of several pseudomonas aeruginosa a-type strains, as determined by interaction with specific anti-a monoclonal antibody, were cloned and sequenced. pcr amplification of the a-type flagellin gene fragments from five strains each yielded a 1.02-kb product, indicating that the gene size is not likely to be responsible fo ...	1998	9620973
variation in bordetella bronchiseptica lipopolysaccharide during human infection.	we previously reported the case of a human chronic bordetella bronchiseptica respiratory infection, due to contact with infected rabbits. lipopolysaccharides of the human isolates, of one rabbit isolate and of isolate from other origins were analyzed with sera from infected mice, rabbit and human. antigenicity and length of the lipopolysaccharide molecules varied between isolates. we showed a progressive loss of o-chain during infection, associated with an enhanced susceptibility of the isolates ...	1998	9627969
heterogeneity in levels of vacuolating cytotoxin gene (vaca) transcription among helicobacter pylori strains.	broth culture supernatants from tox+ helicobacter pylori strains induce vacuolation of hela cells in vitro and contain vaca in concentrations that are higher than those found in supernatants from tox- h. pylori strains. to investigate the basis for this phenomenon, we analyzed the transcription of the vacuolating cytotoxin gene (vaca) in eight tox+ strains (each with a type s1/m1 vaca genotype) and nine tox- strains (each with a type s2/m2 vaca genotype). most of the tox+ and tox- strains tested ...	1998	9632570
bioluminescence as a reporter of intracellular survival of bordetella bronchiseptica in murine phagocytes.	the uptake and persistence of bordetella bronchiseptica was characterized in murine phagocytes by using a novel bioluminescence-based reporter system. a mini-tn5 promoter probe carrying the intact lux operon from the terrestrial bacterium photorhabdus luminescens which allowed measurement of light output without the addition of exogenous substrate was constructed. it was used to create a pool of bioluminescent fusion strains of b. bronchiseptica. the internalization and persistence in murine mac ...	1998	9632586
lipopolysaccharide expression within the genus bordetella: influence of temperature and phase variation.	lpss play an important role in bacterial pathogenesis. in this study, the lps expression of the seven known bordetella species and its dependency on growth temperature was analysed by oxidative silver staining of proteinase-k-treated whole bacteria separated by tricine-sds-page. the bordetellae were found to have extensively variable lps in a species-specific way. in addition, the human and ovine bordetella parapertussis strains exhibited host-specific lps expression. lpss from human b. parapert ...	1998	9639923
[occurrence of bacterial infectious agents in pathologically/anatomically altered lungs of pigs and compilation of resistance spectra].	the goal of this work was to investigate the type and etiology of bacterial porcine pneumonia by analyses of autopsy findings made in the tierärztlichen ambulanz schwarzenbek, aussenstelle der freien universität berlin, and in the institut für tiergesundheit, milchhygiene und lebensmittelqualität der landwirtschaftskammer westfalen-lippe in münster in the years from 1991 to 1993. the evaluation of the results of the total 6560 autopsies (n = 6560) of pigs shows: 1. pneumonia as the main diagnosi ...	1998	9639952
cytoplasmic membrane lipoprotein lppc of streptococcus equisimilis functions as an acid phosphatase.	the function of the streptococcal cytoplasmic membrane lipoprotein, lppc, was identified with isogenic streptococcus equisimilis h46a and escherichia coli jm109 strain pairs differing in whether they contained [h46a and jm109(plpp2)] or lacked (h46a lppc::plpp10 and jm109) the functional lppc gene for comparative phosphatase determinations under acidic conditions. lppc-directed acid phosphatase activity was demonstrated zymographically and by specific enzymatic activity assays, with whole cells ...	1998	9647812
evaluation of the vitek 2 system for rapid identification of medically relevant gram-negative rods.	the new vitek 2 system (biomérieux) was evaluated at two independent sites with the identification card for gram-negative bacilli (id-gnb card). of the 845 strains tested, which represented 70 different taxa belonging to either the family enterobacteriaceae or the nonenteric bacilli, 716 (84.7%) were correctly identified at the species level. thirty-two (3.8%) additional strains were identified to the species level after the performance of simple, rapid manual tests (oxidase, hemolysis, indole r ...	1998	9650942
detection of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of pigs by pcr.	in the present investigation we developed a method for the detection of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) of pigs by pcr with a primer pair flanking a dna fragment of 853 bp specific for m. hyopneumoniae. several methods were tested to eliminate the amplification inhibitors present in balfs. the best results were obtained by the extraction of the dna from the balfs. by the pcr performed with the extracted dna, 10(2) cfu of m. hyopneumoniae could be detected in 1 ml ...	1998	9650949
the bvgas virulence control system regulates type iii secretion in bordetella bronchiseptica.	the bvgas signal transduction system in bordetella spp. mediates a transition between infectious (bvg+) and non-infectious (bvg-) phases by sensing environmental conditions and regulating gene expression. using differential display, arbitrary-primed polymerase chain reaction (pcr), we identified a gene expressed in the bvg+ phase of bordetella bronchiseptica that shows a high degree of sequence similarity to a locus involved in providing energy for type iii secretion in pathogenic gram-negative ...	1998	9663681
effect of ovalbumin aerosol exposure on colonization of the porcine upper airway by pasteurella multocida and effect of colonization on subsequent immune function.	seventy-three piglets were weaned at 1 week of age, randomly assigned to 10 groups (a to j), accommodated in stainless steel exposure chambers, and exposed continuously to a controlled environment containing aerosolized ovalbumin. the concentrations of ovalbumin dust were as follows (milligrams per cubic meter): a and f, 16.6; b and g, 8.4; c and h, 4.2; d and i, 2.1; e and j, 0. at weekly intervals, the pigs were bled via venipuncture and anesthetized for nasal lavage and tonsilar biopsies perf ...	1998	9665955
iron starvation of bordetella avium stimulates expression of five outer membrane proteins and regulates a gene involved in acquiring iron from serum.	iron starvation of bordetella avium induced expression of five outer membrane proteins with apparent molecular masses of 95, 92, 91.5, 84, and 51 kda. iron-responsive outer membrane proteins (ferps) of similar sizes were detected in six of six strains of b. avium, suggesting that the five ferps are common constituents of the outer membrane of most, if not all, strains of b. avium. iron-regulated genes of b. avium were targeted for mutagenesis with the transposon tnphoa. two mutants with iron-res ...	1998	9673238
cloning and expression of the moraxella catarrhalis lactoferrin receptor genes.	the lactoferrin receptor genes from two strains of moraxella catarrhalis have been cloned and sequenced. the lfr genes are arranged as lbpb followed by lbpa, a gene arrangement found in lactoferrin and transferrin receptor operons from several bacterial species. in addition, a third open reading frame, orf3, is located one nucleotide downstream of lbpa. the deduced lactoferrin binding protein a (lbpa) sequences from the two strains were found to be 99% identical, the lbpb sequences were 92% iden ...	1998	9673246
characterization of brka expression in bordetella bronchiseptica.	brka confers resistance to killing by complement in bordetella pertussis. complement resistance in bordetella bronchiseptica was examined. four b. bronchiseptica strains possessed the brka gene; however, only three expressed the protein. only the strain lacking brka was susceptible to complement. introduction of the b. pertussis brka gene restored brka expression to this strain but did not confer resistance. brka was mutated in the strains that naturally expressed brka, and loss of brka did not ...	1998	9673291
vag8, a bordetella pertussis bvg-regulated protein.	bordetella pertussis expresses a bvg-regulated 95-kda protein, vag8, encoded by vag-8. southern blot analysis indicates that strains of bordetella bronchiseptica and bordetella parapertussis have dna homologous to vag-8. antiserum raised to a fusion of maltose binding protein to an n-terminal 60-kda fragment of vag8 recognizes the native 95-kda protein in immunoblots of b. pertussis and b. bronchiseptica but not b. parapertussis. a 95-kda protein-negative derivative of b. pertussis 18323 contain ...	1998	9673293
molecular and functional analysis of the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis locus wlb from bordetella pertussis, bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica.	the bordetella pertussis wlb locus (wlbpe, formerly bpl) is required for the biosynthesis of a trisaccharide that, when attached to the b. pertussis lipopolysaccharide (lps) core (band b), generates band a lps. the equivalent loci in bordetella bronchiseptica (wlbbr) and bordetella parapertussis (wlbpa) were identified and cloned. the wlbbr and wlbpa loci differ from wlbpe in that they lack the insertion sequence that defines the right-hand terminus of wlbpe. deletion of 12 kb of dna containing ...	1998	9701800
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of clinical strains of cdc group ivc-2.	cdc group ivc-2 is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative bacillus that has been implicated in human infections, including septicemia and peritonitis. biochemically it most closely resembles bordetella bronchiseptica and alcaligenes sp. results of cellular fatty acid (cfa) and 16s rrna gene analysis were combined with biochemical data to assist in identification and classification. the predominant cfas were hexadecanoic acid (16:0), cis-9-hexadecanoic acid (16:1omega7c), cis-11-octad ...	1998	9705403
comparison of vitek gni and gni+ cards for identification of gram-negative bacteria.	the gni+ card has been developed by biomerieux vitek as an improvement over the gni card for the identification of certain species of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. in this study, we tested 304 organisms from 30 different species on both the gni and gni+ cards. the gni card correctly identified 285 (93.8%) of the isolates tested, and the gni+ card correctly identified 287 (94.4%) of the isolates tested. the average time to reporting was 4.1 h for the gni+ card compared to 5.7 h for ...	1998	9705437
porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae use beta2 integrin (cd11/cd18) on mouse peritoneal macrophages as a cellular receptor, and the cd18 beta chain plays a functional role in fimbrial signaling.	in this study, we demonstrate that porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae use molecules of beta2 integrin (cd11/cd18) on mouse peritoneal macrophages as cellular receptors and also show that the beta chain (cd18) may play a functional role in signalling for the fimbria-induced expression of interleukin-1beta (il-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) genes in the cells. using a binding assay with 125i-labeled fimbriae, we observed that fimbrial binding to the macrophages was inhibited by ...	1998	9712747
contribution of regulation by the bvg locus to respiratory infection of mice by bordetella pertussis.	whooping cough is an acute respiratory disease caused by the small, gram-negative bacterium bordetella pertussis. b. pertussis expresses several factors that contribute to its ability to cause disease. these factors include surface-associated molecules, which are involved in the adherence of the organism to respiratory epithelial cells, as well as several extracellular toxins that inhibit host defenses and induce damage to host tissues. the expression of virulence factors in b. pertussis is depe ...	1998	9712789
is481 and is1002 of bordetella pertussis create a 6-base-pair duplication upon insertion at a consensus target site.	the insertion sequence is481 and its isoform is1002 have been observed to transpose into the bvgas locus of bordetella pertussis, for which the dna sequence has previously been determined. upon insertion of is481 at three different sites and is1002 at one site, a 6-bp sequence originally present was found at the junction of bvg and insertion sequence dna. this indicates that, contrary to prior reports, is481 and is1002 do create a duplication upon insertion. in this light, examination of these a ...	1998	9733704
carbon source utilisation by bordetella bronchiseptica.	bordetella bronchiseptica isolates utilised tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates -- succinate, citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, fumarate, lactate and oxalo-acetate; the organic acids pyruvate, acetate and lactate; and the amino acids proline, glutamate, glutamine and tyrosine -- as sole sources of carbon and energy. the inability of b. bronchiseptica isolates, representing the three phase types and from different animal hosts, to utilise carbohydrates and sugar alcohols as sole carbon and energy ...	1998	9736157
a second two-component regulatory system of bordetella bronchiseptica required for bacterial resistance to oxidative stress, production of acid phosphatase, and in vivo persistence.	random minitransposon mutagenesis was used to identify genes involved in the survival of bordetella bronchiseptica within eukaryotic cells. one of the mutants which exhibited a reduced ability to survive intracellularly harbored a minitransposon insertion in a locus (ris) which displays a high degree of homology to two-component regulatory systems. this system exhibited less than 25% amino acid sequence homology to the only other two-component regulatory system described in bordetella spp., the ...	1998	9746560
iron-responsive gene regulation in a campylobacter jejuni fur mutant.	the expression of iron-regulated systems in gram-negative bacteria is generally controlled by the fur protein, which represses the transcription of iron-regulated promoters by using fe2+ as a cofactor. mutational analysis of the campylobacter jejuni fur gene was carried out by generation of a set of mutant copies of fur which had a kanamycin or chloramphenicol resistance gene introduced into the regions encoding the n and c termini of the fur protein. the mutated genes were recombined into the c ...	1998	9765558
two iron-regulated putative ferric siderophore receptor genes in bordetella bronchiseptica and bordetella pertussis.	two iron-regulated genes with deduced homology to tonb-dependent ferric siderophore receptors were cloned from bordetella bronchiseptica by screening a library of tnphoa insertion mutants. bfrb and bfrc were iron-repressed in b. bronchiseptica by a fur-dependent mechanism, and were expressed from promoters overlapped by potential fur-binding sites. both genes were highly conserved among bordetella species and were also iron-regulated in bordetella pertussis. bfrb and bfrc mutants of both species ...	1998	9766221
two-color hybridization assay for simultaneous detection of bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic pasteurella multocida from swine.	bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic pasteurella multocida are the etiologic agents of swine atrophic rhinitis. methods currently used for their identification are time-consuming and suffer from a lack of sensitivity. we describe a colony lift-hybridization assay for detection of b. bronchiseptica and toxigenic p. multocida that can be performed with a single colony lift derived from a primary isolation plate without the need for pure subcultures of suspect bacteria. membranes are hybridized ...	1998	9774590
activation of rho gtpases by escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 increases intestinal permeability in caco-2 cells.	the cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf1) activates rho gtpases by deamidation of glutamine-63 and thereby induces redistribution of the actin cytoskeleton and formation of stress fibers. here, we have studied the effects of cnf1 on the transepithelial resistance of caco-2 cells, a human intestinal epithelial cell line, in comparison with the rho-inactivating toxin b of clostridium difficile. whereas toxin b decreased the transepithelial resistance of caco-2 cells by about 80% after 4 h, cnf1 re ...	1998	9784513
bordetella avium virulence measured in vivo and in vitro.	bordetella avium causes an upper-respiratory-tract disease called bordetellosis in birds. bordetellosis shares many of the clinical and histopathological features of disease caused in mammals by bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica. in this study we determined several parameters of infection in the domestic turkey, meleagris galapavo, and compared these in vivo findings with an in vitro measure of adherence using turkey tracheal rings. in the in vivo experiments, we determined the ...	1998	9784529
efficacy of doxycycline in feed for the control of pneumonia caused by pasteurella multocida and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in fattening pigs.	a multicentre, controlled, randomised and blinded study was carried out in three french pig herds to assess the efficacy of doxycycline administered in the feed for the control of pneumonia. about 20 per cent of 363 pigs from the three fattening units were diseased at the start of the study. pneumonic lesions were found on pigs examined postmortem and pasteurella multocida was isolated from the lungs of pigs in all the herds. mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection was confirmed either by detection i ...	1998	9787419
the yersinia deadly kiss.		1998	9791096
histochemical and lectinhistochemical studies on nasal mucosa of pigs with or without respiratory diseases.	histochemical and lectinhistochemical examinations were carried out on nasal mucosa of pigs with or without respiratory diseases. as the results, both acid and neutral mucins coexisted in nasal mucosa of normal pigs while acid sialomucins were mainly observed in nasal mucosa of pigs infected with bordetella bronchiseptica and/or pasteurella multocida. lectinhistochemistry revealed that the nasal epithelial cells of normal pigs were rich in n-acetylgalactosamine, fucose and n-acetyl-glucosamine r ...	1998	9795904
the lipopolysaccharide of bordetella bronchiseptica acts as a protective shield against antimicrobial peptides.	resistance profiles of the two bordetella species b. bronchiseptica and b. pertussis against various antimicrobial peptides were determined in liquid survival and agar diffusion assays. b. bronchiseptica exhibited significantly higher resistance against all tested peptides than b. pertussis. the most powerful agents acting on b. bronchiseptica were, in the order of their killing efficiencies, cecropin p > cecropin b > magainin-ii-amide > protamine > melittin. interestingly, for b. bronchiseptica ...	1998	9826332
activity of the mitogenic pasteurella multocida toxin requires an essential c-terminal residue.	pasteurella multocida toxin (pmt) is a potent mitogen that also affects bone resorption. pmt acts intracellularly and is therefore postulated to have several domains involved in different aspects of its function. the toxin contains eight cysteine residues. mutants with individual substitutions for each of these residues were constructed, and the effects of these on the biological activity of the toxin were determined by cultured-cell assays. only the most c-terminal of the eight cysteines (c1165 ...	1998	9826336
filamentous hemagglutinin of bordetella bronchiseptica is required for efficient establishment of tracheal colonization.	adherence to ciliated respiratory epithelial cells is considered a critical early step in bordetella pathogenesis. for bordetella pertussis, the etiologic agent of whooping cough, several factors have been shown to mediate adherence to cells and cell lines in vitro. these putative adhesins include filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), fimbriae, pertactin, and pertussis toxin. determining the precise roles of each of these factors in vivo, however, has been difficult, due in part to the lack of natura ...	1998	9826374
characterization of proteus mirabilis precocious swarming mutants: identification of rsba, encoding a regulator of swarming behavior.	proteus mirabilis swarming behavior is characterized by the development of concentric rings of growth that are formed as cyclic events of swarmer cell differentiation, swarming migration, and cellular differentiation are repeated during colony translocation across a surface. this cycle produces the bull's-eye colony often associated with cultures of p. mirabilis. how the cells communicate with one another to coordinate these perfectly synchronized rings is presently unknown. we report here the i ...	1998	9829920
bordetella bronchiseptica cavitary pneumonia in a patient with aids.		1998	9832276
assessment of changes in microbial community structure during operation of an ammonia biofilter with molecular tools.	biofiltration has been used for two decades to remove odors and various volatile organic and inorganic compounds in contaminated off-gas streams. although biofiltration is widely practiced, there have been few studies of the bacteria responsible for the removal of air contaminants in biofilters. in this study, molecular techniques were used to identify bacteria in a laboratory-scale ammonia biofilter. both 16s rrna and ammonia monooxygenase (amoa) genes were used to characterize the heterotrophi ...	1998	9835577
isolation and characterization of bordetella bronchiseptica from cats in southern louisiana.	the role of bordetella bronchiseptica in respiratory disease of domestic cats is currently being explored. clinical and experimental studies in the united kingdom have shown bordetella bronchiseptica to be a primary respiratory pathogen in cats; similar studies in the united states are limited. the purpose of this study is to report on the isolation, seroprevalence, and partial characterization of bordetella bronchiseptica from shelter cats in southern louisiana. a total of 614 cats from four lo ...	1998	9839872
the virulence plasmid of yersinia, an antihost genome.	the 70-kb virulence plasmid enables yersinia spp. (yersinia pestis, y. pseudotuberculosis, and y. enterocolitica) to survive and multiply in the lymphoid tissues of their host. it encodes the yop virulon, an integrated system allowing extracellular bacteria to disarm the cells involved in the immune response, to disrupt their communications, or even to induce their apoptosis by the injection of bacterial effector proteins. this system consists of the yop proteins and their dedicated type iii sec ...	1998	9841674
selectivity of ferric enterobactin binding and cooperativity of transport in gram-negative bacteria.	the ligand-gated outer membrane porin fepa serves escherichia coli as the receptor for the siderophore ferric enterobactin. we characterized the ability of seven analogs of enterobactin to supply iron via fepa by quantitatively measuring the binding and transport of their 59fe complexes. the experiments refuted the idea that chirality of the iron complex affects its recognition by fepa and demonstrated the necessity of an unsubstituted catecholate coordination center for binding to the outer mem ...	1998	9852016
seroprevalence of antibodies to bordetella bronchiseptica in cats in the copenhagen area of denmark.		1998	9854774
localization of the intracellular activity domain of pasteurella multocida toxin to the n terminus.	we have shown that pasteurella multocida toxin (pmt) directly causes transient activation of gqalpha protein that is coupled to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase cbeta1 in xenopus oocytes (b. a. wilson, x. zhu, m. ho, and l. lu, j. biol. chem. 272:1268-1275, 1997). we found that antibodies directed against an n-terminal peptide of pmt inhibited the toxin-induced response in xenopus oocytes, but antibodies against a c-terminal peptide did not. to test whether the intracellular activity ...	1999	9864199
identification and characterization of ptlc, an essential component of the pertussis toxin secretion system.	ptlc is a member of a set of proteins necessary for the secretion of pertussis toxin (pt) from bordetella pertussis. using polyclonal antibodies specific for ptlc, we identified ptlc as a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 85,000 that localizes to the membrane fraction of bacterial cell extracts. we found that a mutant strain of b. pertussis that contains an in-frame deletion in ptlc is unable to secrete pt and that pt secretion is fully restored by expressing ptlc in trans, indicating ...	1999	9916087
the small gtp-binding protein rho regulates cortical activities in cultured cells during division.	we have investigated the role of the small gtp-binding protein rho in cytokinesis by microinjecting an inhibitor, c3 ribosyltransferase, into cultured cells. microinjection of c3 into prometaphase or metaphase normal rat kidney epithelial cells induced immediate and global cortical movement of actin toward the metaphase plate, without an apparent effect on the mitotic spindle. during anaphase, concentrated cortical actin filaments migrated with separating chromosomes, leaving no apparent concent ...	1999	9922456
biocatalytic asymmetric decarboxylation.	biocatalytic decarboxylation is a unique reaction, in the sense that it can be considered to be a protonation reaction to a "carbanion equivalent" intermediate in aqueous medium. thus, if optically active compounds can be prepared via this type of reaction, it would be a very characteristic biotransformation, as compared to ordinary organic reactions. an enzyme isolated from a specific strain of alcaligenes bronchisepticus catalyzes the asymmetric decarboxylation of alpha-aryl-alpha-methylmaloni ...	1999	9933980
rapid detection of the chlamydiaceae and other families in the order chlamydiales: three pcr tests.	few identification methods will rapidly or specifically detect all bacteria in the order chlamydiales, family chlamydiaceae. in this study, three pcr tests based on sequence data from over 48 chlamydial strains were developed for identification of these bacteria. two tests exclusively recognized the chlamydiaceae: a multiplex test targeting the ompa gene and the rrna intergenic spacer and a taqman test targeting the 23s ribosomal dna. the multiplex test was able to detect as few as 200 inclusion ...	1999	9986815
role of antibodies against bordetella pertussis virulence factors in adherence of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis to human bronchial epithelial cells.	immunization with whole-cell pertussis vaccines (wcv) containing heat-killed bordetella pertussis cells and with acellular vaccines containing genetically or chemically detoxified pertussis toxin (pt) in combination with filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), pertactin (prn), or fimbriae confers protection in humans and animals against b. pertussis infection. in an earlier study we demonstrated that fha is involved in the adherence of these bacteria to human bronchial epithelial cells. in the present ...	1999	10024542
a 55-kilodalton immunodominant antigen of porphyromonas gingivalis w50 has arisen via horizontal gene transfer.	a 55-kda outer membrane protein of porphyromonas gingivalis w50 is a significant target of the serum immunoglobulin g antibody response of periodontal disease patients and hence may play an important role in host-bacterium interactions in periodontal disease. the gene encoding the 55-kda antigen (ragb, for receptor antigen b) was isolated on a 9.5-kb partial sau3ai fragment of p. gingivalis w50 chromosomal dna in puc18 by immunoscreening with a monoclonal antibody to this antigen. the 1.6-kb ope ...	1999	10024556
characterization of human bactericidal antibodies to bordetella pertussis.	the bordetella pertussis brka protein protects against the bactericidal activity of complement and antibody; however, some individuals mount an immune response that overcomes this bacterial defense. to further characterize this process, the bactericidal activities of sera from 13 adults with different modes of exposure to b. pertussis (infected as adults, occupational exposure, immunized with an acellular vaccine, or no identified exposure) against a wild-type strain and a brka complement-sensit ...	1999	10024590
probing the function of bordetella bronchiseptica adenylate cyclase toxin by manipulating host immunity.	we have examined the role of adenylate cyclase-hemolysin (cyaa) by constructing an in-frame deletion in the bordetella bronchiseptica cyaa structural gene and comparing wild-type and cyaa deletion strains in natural host infection models. both the wild-type strain rb50 and its adenylate cyclase toxin deletion (deltacyaa) derivative efficiently establish persistent infections in rabbits, rats, and mice following low-dose inoculation. in contrast, an inoculation protocol that seeds the lower respi ...	1999	10024599
contributory and exacerbating roles of gaseous ammonia and organic dust in the etiology of atrophic rhinitis.	pigs reared commercially indoors are exposed to air heavily contaminated with particulate and gaseous pollutants. epidemiological surveys have shown an association between the levels of these pollutants and the severity of lesions associated with the upper respiratory tract disease of swine atrophic rhinitis. this study investigated the role of aerial pollutants in the etiology of atrophic rhinitis induced by pasteurella multocida. forty, 1-week-old large white piglets were weaned and divided in ...	1999	10066654
analysis with a combination of macrorestriction endonucleases reveals a high degree of polymorphism among bordetella pertussis isolates in eastern france.	from 1990 to 1996, routine screening for whooping cough identified 399 patients with a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase-positive test result and yielded 69 bordetella pertussis isolates. none of the patients were fully vaccinated, and most were less than 6 months old. analysis of total dna by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) after xbai, spei, or drai macrorestriction yielded 19, 15, and 5 different patterns, respectively, whereas ribotyping failed to demonstrate any strain polymorph ...	1999	10074527
identification and characterization of the cps locus of streptococcus suis serotype 2: the capsule protects against phagocytosis and is an important virulence factor.	to study the role of the capsule of streptococcus suis serotype 2 in virulence, we generated two isogenic mutants disturbed in capsule production. for that purpose, we first cloned and characterized a major part of the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis (cps) locus of s. suis serotype 2. based on the established sequence, 14 open reading frames (orfs), designated orf2z, orf2y, orf2x, and cps2a to cps2k, were identified. twelve orfs belonged to a single transcriptional unit. the gene products o ...	1999	10085014
evaluation of canine bordetella bronchiseptica isolates using randomly amplified polymorphic dna fingerprinting and ribotyping.	bordetella bronchiseptica is a respiratory tract pathogen in a variety of species. previous studies suggest little genetic variation among canine b. bronchiseptica isolates. the degree of genetic diversity in 26 canine b. bronchiseptica strains was evaluated using randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting and ribotyping. strains evaluated include historic reference strains (n=3). vaccine strains (n=5) and clinical isolates (n=18). rapd fingerprinting with the 10-nucleotide primer ...	1999	10223321
cdc group iv c-2: a new ralstonia species close to ralstonia eutropha.	cdc group iv c-2, an environmental gram-negative bacillus recently proposed for inclusion in the genus ralstonia, has been isolated in several human infections. biochemical characterization and 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequencing with phylogenetic analysis were used to characterize eight clinical isolates and four type strains. other typing tools, such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis, were also used. pfge typing of clinical isolat ...	1999	10325323
phylogenetic analysis of ara+ and ara- burkholderia pseudomallei isolates and development of a multiplex pcr procedure for rapid discrimination between the two biotypes.	a burkholderia pseudomallei-like organism has recently been identified among some soil isolates of b. pseudomallei in an area with endemic melioidosis. this organism is almost identical to b. pseudomallei in terms of morphological and biochemical profiles, except that it differs in ability to assimilate l-arabinose. these ara+ isolates are also less virulent than the ara- isolates in animal models. in addition, clinical isolates of b. pseudomallei available to date are almost exclusively ara-. t ...	1999	10325345
antigenic and molecular conservation of the gonococcal nspa protein.	a low-molecular-weight protein named nspa (neisserial surface protein a) was recently identified in the outer membrane of all neisseria meningitidis strains tested. antibodies directed against this protein were shown to protect mice against an experimental meningococcal infection. hybridization experiments clearly demonstrated that the nspa gene was also present in the genomes of the 15 neisseria gonorrhoeae strains tested. cloning and sequencing of the nspa gene of n. gonorrhoeae b2 revealed an ...	1999	10338491
effects of cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 and lethal toxin on actin cytoskeleton and ve-cadherin localization in human endothelial cell monolayers.	integrity of the vascular endothelium is largely dependent on endothelial cell shape and establishment of intercellular junctions. certain pathogenic bacterial toxins alter the cytoskeletal architecture of intoxicated cells by modulating the gtpase activity of p21 rho family proteins. in the present study we have analyzed the effect of rho-directed toxins on the actin cytoskeleton and monolayer integrity of endothelial cells. we report here that escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (c ...	1999	10338511
genetic characterization of wild-type and mutant fur genes of bordetella avium.	for most, if not all, organisms, iron (fe) is an essential element. in response to the nutritional requirement for fe, bacteria evolved complex systems to acquire the element from the environment. the genes encoding these systems are often coordinately regulated in response to the fe concentration. recent investigations revealed that bordetella avium, a respiratory pathogen of birds, expressed a number of fe-regulated genes (t. d. connell, a. dickenson, a. j. martone, k. t. militello, m. j. fili ...	1999	10338537
early colonization of the rat upper respiratory tract by temperature modulated bordetella bronchiseptica.	the ability of nonmodulated bvg+ phase cultures, temperature modulated bvg- phase cultures, and a bvg- phase-locked mutant of bordetella bronchiseptica to colonize the rat upper respiratory tract was investigated. initially, greater numbers of the temperature modulated bvg- phase bacteria adhered to the nasal cavity of the rats. the temperature modulated bvg- phase bacteria appeared to be quickly cleared to levels lower than the bvg+ phase bacteria by 4 h after inoculation and stayed lower until ...	1999	10339812
transcriptional regulation of the esp genes of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli.	we have determined that the genes encoding the secreted proteins espa, espd, and espb of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) are organized in a single operon. the esp operon is controlled by a promoter located 94 bp upstream from the atg start codon of the espa gene. the promoter is activated in the early logarithmic growth phase, upon bacterial contact with eukaryotic cells and in response to ca2+, mn2+, and hepes. transcription of the esp operon seems to be switched off in tightly attach ...	1999	10348852
bordetella bronchiseptica respiratory infection in a child after bone marrow transplantation.		1999	10353531
pas domains: internal sensors of oxygen, redox potential, and light.	pas domains are newly recognized signaling domains that are widely distributed in proteins from members of the archaea and bacteria and from fungi, plants, insects, and vertebrates. they function as input modules in proteins that sense oxygen, redox potential, light, and some other stimuli. specificity in sensing arises, in part, from different cofactors that may be associated with the pas fold. transduction of redox signals may be a common mechanistic theme in many different pas domains. pas pr ...	1999	10357859
prevalence and risk factors for feline bordetella bronchiseptica infection.	a cross-sectional survey of a convenience-sample of 740 cats was undertaken to obtain an estimate of the prevalence of bordetella bronchiseptica infection, and to identify risk factors that might predispose them to the infection. data on individual cats and household variables, including disease status and animal contacts were obtained by questionnaire. b bronchiseptica was isolated from 82 (11 per cent) of the cats sampled. the prevalence of b bronchiseptica varied with the type of household sa ...	1999	10378288
identification and characterization of a flagellin gene from the endosymbiont of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm riftia pachyptila.	the bacterial endosymbionts of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm riftia pachyptila play a key role in providing their host with fixed carbon. results of prior research suggest that the symbionts are selected from an environmental bacterial population, although a free-living form has been neither cultured from nor identified in the hydrothermal vent environment. to begin to assess the free-living potential of the symbiont, we cloned and characterized a flagellin gene from a symbiont fosmid library. ...	1999	10388713
multiple mechanisms of action for inhibitors of histidine protein kinases from bacterial two-component systems.	many pathogenic bacteria utilize two-component systems consisting of a histidine protein kinase (hpk) and a response regulator (rr) for signal transduction. during the search for novel inhibitors, several chemical series, including benzoxazines, benzimidazoles, bis-phenols, cyclohexenes, trityls, and salicylanilides, were identified that inhibited the purified hpk-rr pairs kina-spo0f and nrii-nri, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (ic50s) ranging from 1.9 to >500 microm and mics ranging from 0. ...	1999	10390224
feline respiratory diseases.	respiratory diseases in kittens can quickly result in life-threatening emergencies if not identified and managed early. congenital anomalies of young cats are extremely uncommon. viral respiratory infections in the cat are primarily caused by feline herpesvirus type 1 and feline calicivirus. primary bacterial respiratory infections occur sporadically in cats. bordetella bronchiseptica may cause severe respiratory signs in young kittens.	1999	10390794
identification of bartonella-specific immunodominant antigens recognized by the feline humoral immune system.	the seroreactivities of both naturally and experimentally infected cats to bartonella henselae was examined. serum samples collected weekly from nine cats experimentally infected with b. henselae lsu16 were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot analysis. the magnitude and isotype of the antibody response were investigated by elisa. western blot analysis allowed the identification of at least 24 bartonella-specific antigens recognized by the cats during infection. a ...	1999	10391863
[bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].		1999	10396159
bordetella bronchiseptica infection in the cat.	feline bordetella bronchiseptica infection had received little consideration until recent years when it has been increasingly documented in association with respiratory disease. this article reviews current knowledge on the organism; its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features.	1999	10404484
identification of functional domains of bordetella dermonecrotizing toxin.	bordetella dermonecrotizing toxin (dnt) stimulates the assembly of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions by deamidating gln63 of the small gtpase rho. to clarify the functional and structural organization of dnt, we cloned and sequenced the dnt gene and examined the functions of various dnt mutants. our analyses of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed that the start codon of the dnt gene is a gtg triplet located 39 bp upstream of the reported putative initiation atg codon; conseque ...	1999	10417130
genetic basis for lipopolysaccharide o-antigen biosynthesis in bordetellae.	bordetella bronchiseptica and bordetella parapertussis express a surface polysaccharide, attached to a lipopolysaccharide, which has been called o antigen. this structure is absent from bordetella pertussis. we report the identification of a large genetic locus in b. bronchiseptica and b. parapertussis that is required for o-antigen biosynthesis. the locus is replaced by an insertion sequence in b. pertussis, explaining the lack of o-antigen biosynthesis in this species. the dna sequence of the ...	1999	10417135
trypanosoma cruzi infects human dendritic cells and prevents their maturation: inhibition of cytokines, hla-dr, and costimulatory molecules.	trypanosoma cruzi, a parasitic protozoan, is the etiological agent of chagas' disease. despite the many immune system disorders recognized in this infection and the crucial role played by dendritic cells (dc) in acquired immune responses, it was not known whether these cells could be infected by t. cruzi trypomastigotes and the consequences of such an infection on their immune functions. we now provide evidence that human monocyte-derived dc can be infected by t. cruzi and can support its intrac ...	1999	10417171
identification of a glycoprotein produced by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli.	enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strain h10407 is capable of invading epithelial cell lines derived from the human ileocecum and colon in vitro. two separate chromosomally encoded invasion loci (tia and tib) have been cloned from this strain. these loci direct nonadherent and noninvasive laboratory strains of e. coli to adhere to and invade cultured human intestinal epithelial cells. the tib locus directs the synthesis of tiba, a 104-kda outer membrane protein that is directly correlated ...	1999	10417177
detection of bordetella bronchiseptica by the polymerase chain reaction.	polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays were developed that enabled not only discriminative detection of three bordetella species, b. pertussis, b. parapertussis, and b. bronchiseptica (bspp pcr), but also specific detection of b. bronchiseptica (bb pcr). an upstream sequence of the flagellin gene was used as a target dna region. this sequence contained differences in b. pertussis, b. parapertussis, and b. bronchiseptica dna. these species could then be differentiated using two different sets of ...	1999	10422694
comparison of pcr, culture, and direct fluorescent-antibody testing for detection of bordetella pertussis.	we prospectively compared the performance of culture, direct fluorescent-antibody testing (dfa), and an in-house-developed pcr test targeting the repeated insertion sequence is481 for the detection of bordetella pertussis in nasopharyngeal swab specimens. we tested 319 consecutive paired specimens on which all three tests were performed. a total of 59 specimens were positive by one or more tests. of these, 5 were positive by all three tests, 2 were positive by culture and pcr, 16 were positive b ...	1999	10449467
strain- and growth condition-dependent variability in outer membrane protein expression by bordetella bronchiseptica isolates from dogs.	to characterize strain-dependent and growth condition-dependent variability in outer membrane protein (omp) expression of bordetella bronchiseptica isolates from dogs and evaluate the systemic immune response to omp of b bronchiseptica among infected dogs.	1999	10451215
bordetella bronchiseptica infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.	bordetella bronchiseptica is a pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacillus that commonly causes respiratory tract infections in dogs. we identified nine human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons with culture-confirmed b. bronchiseptica infections (eight respiratory tract and one disseminated infection). the respiratory illnesses ranged in severity from mild upper respiratory tract infection to pneumonia. all nine patients had had at least one aids-defining condition before the b. bronchise ...	1999	10452641
intracellular growth in acanthamoeba castellanii affects monocyte entry mechanisms and enhances virulence of legionella pneumophila.	since legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen, entry into and replication within host cells are thought to be critical to its ability to cause disease. l. pneumophila grown in one of its environmental hosts, acanthamoeba castellanii, is phenotypically different from l. pneumophila grown on standard laboratory medium (bcye agar). although amoeba-grown l. pneumophila displays enhanced entry into monocytes compared to bcye-grown bacteria, the mechanisms of entry used and the effects on ...	1999	10456883
role of ornibactin biosynthesis in the virulence of burkholderia cepacia: characterization of pvda, the gene encoding l-ornithine n(5)-oxygenase.	burkholderia cepacia is a frequent cause of respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients. b. cepacia has been shown to produce at least four siderophores which may play a role in the virulence of this organism. to characterize genes involved in the synthesis of siderophores, tn5-ot182 mutants were isolated in strain k56-2, which produces two siderophores, salicylic acid (sa) and ornibactins. two mutants were characterized that did not produce zones on chrome azurol s agar in a commonly use ...	1999	10456885
postantibiotic and physiological effects of tilmicosin, tylosin, and apramycin at subminimal and suprainhibitory concentrations on some swine and bovine respiratory tract pathogens.	the antimicrobial activity of tilmicosin, tylosin, and apramycin on some important gram-negative swine and bovine pathogens namely, pasteurella multocida, pasteurella haemolytica, bordetella bronchiseptica, and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were studied in vitro. the effect of minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) and sub-mics (1/4, 1/2 mic) on bacterial growth was evaluated. the presence of tilmicosin, tylosin and apramycin in the medium decreased the rate of growth of the bacterial strain ...	1999	10461841
analysis of bvga activation of the pertactin gene promoter in bordetella pertussis.	bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, regulates expression of its virulence factors via a two-component signal transduction system encoded by the bvg regulatory locus. it has been shown by activation kinetics that several of the virulence factors are differentially regulated. fha is transcribed at 10 min following an inducing signal, while ptx is not transcribed until 2 to 4 h after the inducing signal. we present data indicating that prn is transcribed at 1 h, an intermed ...	1999	10464192