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indirect immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence staining of bordetella bronchiseptica in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissues of rabbits.indirect immunoperoxidase (ip) and immunofluorescence (if) techniques were developed, and used for the identification of b. bronchiseptica in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissues of 26 rabbits displaying focal chronic interstitial pneumonia, vascular changes, and chronic bronchitis and bronchiolitis. labelled b. bronchiseptica organisms were observed at the level of the bronchial and bronchiolar mucosa, both in areas affected by chronic bronchitis-bronchiolitis and in zones that were f ...19902110397
effect of aflatoxin b1 on resistance induced by bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine in rabbits.the effects of aflatoxin b1 on the development of the immune response to oil-adjuvanted bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine and on acquired resistance to bacterial challenge were studied in rabbits. the doses of aflatoxin used were insufficient to produce clinical intoxication. rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups, each having six animals: control (t), vaccinated (v), and vaccinated plus aflatoxin (va) at 0.05 mg/kg daily per os. groups v and va were vaccinated twice, and the three group ...19902126410
a comparison of different challenge methods for induction of atrophic rhinitis in pigs.transmission and development of atrophic rhinitis (ar) was studied in 5- to 15-week-old pigs (groups 2-7) originating from a herd free of ar, and compared to unexposed healthy pigs (group 1), and pigs from a herd with endemic ar (group 8). at the start of the trial, pigs in groups 2-5 were challenged intranasally twice a week for 3 weeks with pure cultures of bacteria originating from the endemic ar herd: nontoxigenic pasteurella multocida type a (pma) plus bordetella bronchiseptica phase i (bb) ...19902357344
adherence of bordetella bronchiseptica and pasteurella multocida to swine nasal ciliated epithelial cells in vitro.a bacterial adherence assay using swine nasal turbinate fragments was established. turbinate fragments were incubated with bordetella bronchiseptica or pasteurella multocida type d at different concentrations or for different incubation times at 37 degrees c on a shaker at 120 rev/min. b. bronchiseptica phase i strains exhibited strong adherence to swine nasal ciliated epithelial cells. the number of adherent bacteria per cell increased when the bacterial concentration or incubation time increas ...19902357345
identification of a 68-kilodalton outer membrane protein as the major protective antigen of bordetella bronchiseptica by using specific-pathogen-free piglets.maternal antibody to an outer membrane 68-kilodalton (kda) protein of bordetella bronchiseptica was shown to be protective in experiments on specific-pathogen-free piglets. after challenge with b. bronchiseptica, 100% (n = 19) control piglets from nonimmunized sows developed pneumonia, coughing, and sneezing, and 74% of the animals developed severe atrophic rhinitis. in 12 piglets from a sow immunized with 68-kda protein, pneumonia occurred only in 34% of offspring, coughing was reduced, the dur ...19902137111
clinical and pathological effects of the dermonecrotic toxin of bordetella bronchiseptica and pasteurella multocida in specific-pathogen-free piglets.the role of dermonecrotic toxin (dnt) of bordetella bronchiseptica and pasteurella multocida, purified by repeated chromatography in sephacryl s-200 gel, in the pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis (ar) of swine was studied bacteriologically, clinically and pathologically. two-week-old specific pathogen-free (spf) piglets were parenterally treated with 30 micrograms of dnt 3 times at 2-day interval and 7-week-old piglets were treated with 15 micrograms of dnt twice a week for 5 weeks. in 2- to 3-we ...19902144027
the influence of growth conditions of pasteurella multocida on its ability to colonise the nasal mucosa of spf piglets.colonisation of type d pasteurella multocida was studied in five groups of seven spf piglets each. piglets of group 1 were kept together with seven 5-week-old piglets obtained from a large herd infected with toxigenic p. multocida for 16 weeks (contact infection). these piglets were made free from toxigenic bordetella bronchiseptica by local immunisation. piglets of group 2 were inoculated with 5 x 10(7) colony-forming units (cfu) of p. multocida washed from the nasal mucosa of piglets free from ...19902145686
production of recombinant bordetella pertussis serotype 2 fimbriae in bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica: utility of escherichia coli gene expression signals.serotype-specific fimbriae of bordetella pertussis are considered potential components of new-generation vaccines against whooping cough. attempts to characterize fimbriae, and indeed other virulence determinants, produced by b. pertussis have been frustrated on one hand by low yields from b. pertussis itself and on the other by an inability to produce native recombinant products in escherichia coli. in order to try to circumvent this problem, we have examined the expression of b. pertussis sero ...19911708358
growth and survival of bordetella bronchiseptica in natural waters and in buffered saline without added nutrients.bordetella bronchiseptica showed increases in viable count when incubated in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), in reagent-grade water, and in local lake and pond waters, all without added nutrients. within 48 to 72 h at 37 degrees c in pbs and in lake and pond waters, stationary-phase populations of around 2.7 x 10(6) cfu/ml developed from washed b. bronchiseptica inocula of around 2 x 10(3) cfu/ml. increases in cfu on the order of five- and eightfold, respectively, were observed in reagent-grade ...19912059041
[changed health problems in a changing pig-farming concern in the netherlands until 1980].in 1905 poels published 'disease of swine in the netherlands'. this book dealt predominantly with swine fever, erysipelas, tuberculosis and 'pneumonia'. between 1920 and 1940 others reported on streptococci, lobular haemmorrhagic pneumonia, bordetellosis, aujeszky's disease and postweaning diarrhoea. after the second world war, particularly after 1960, the dutch pig-farming industry developed at a tremendous rate. as a consequence, the health problems changed. certain diseases became less import ...19911750028
[pneumonia caused by bordetella bronchiseptica in a patient with crohn's disease]. 19911751702
bordetella bronchiseptica in a closed cat colony. 19911763473
bordetella bronchiseptica septicemia in a hemodialysis patient. 19911766517
characterization of haemagglutinin from bordetella bronchiseptica.in comparison with haemagglutinin (ha)-active strains of bordetella bronchiseptica, the ha-deficient strains lacked a 150 kda protein band on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). adsorption of partially purified ha with bovine erythrocytes showed the loss of the 150 kda band in the supernatant. this 150 kda protein was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography using gel filtration columns. electron microscopic examination revealed that the purified ha possessed a fine fila ...19911950098
pneumonia due to bordetella bronchiseptica in a patient with aids. 19911775865
cloning and sequencing of the structural gene for the porin protein of bordetella pertussis.bordetella pertussis produces a porin protein which is a prominent outer membrane component found in both virulent and avirulent strains. n-terminal amino acid analysis of purified b. pertussis porin was performed and this amino acid sequence was used to design an oligonucleotide that was then utilized to screen a lambda gt11 library containing randomly sheared fragments of dna from b. pertussis strain 347. one clone, lambda bppor, was identified and subcloned into puc18. a portion of the dna in ...19911658537
canine parainfluenza type 2 and bordetella bronchiseptica infection produces increased bronchoalveolar lavage thromboxane concentrations in beagle puppies.acute infections in beagle puppies with canine parainfluenza virus type 2 (cp12), and cp12 in combination with bordetella bronchiseptica (bb) produce bronchiolitis and increased airways responsiveness to aerosolized histamine during the acute infection. in order to determine whether these observations were associated with increased levels of eicosanoids, the stable metabolites of thromboxane a2 and prostacylin, thromboxane b2 (txb2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin f1 alpha (6-keto-pgf 1 alpha) respecti ...19911667042
construction of minitransposons for constitutive and inducible expression of pertussis toxin in bvg-negative bordetella bronchiseptica.appropriately detoxified pertussis toxin (pt) of bordetella pertussis is considered to be an essential component of new-generation whooping cough vaccines, but the development of a procedure to obtain high levels of purified toxin has been and continues to be a major difficulty. to produce a system enabling the biological separation of pt from other virulence determinants of b. pertussis and the attainment of high yields of the toxin, minitransposons containing the pt operon were constructed and ...19911682257
expression of bordetella pertussis fimbrial (fim) genes in bordetella bronchiseptica: fimx is expressed at a low level and vir-regulated.to identify the elements involved in bordetella pertussis fimbriae regulation and to determine whether fimx is an expressed gene, the promoter regions of fimx, fim2 and fim3 from strain bpsa1 were isolated and linked to the promoterless cat gene in plafr2. by following cat activity in bordetella bronchiseptica vir+ and vir- strains we established that the fimx promoter, like those for fim2 and fim3, is active, although at a low level, and vir-regulated. this suggests that the fimx protein might ...19911684407
pneumonia caused by bordetella bronchiseptica in a patient with a thoracic trauma.we report a case of pneumonia, caused by bordetella bronchiseptica, in a previously healthy, immunocompetent 37-year-old male patient who had suffered chest injury in a car accident. the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit where endotracheal intubation was performed. seventy-two hours later he presented with fever associated with pulmonary affection which was diagnosed as right lobar pneumonia. abundant colonies of b. bronchiseptica were isolated from the pharyngeal exudate and respi ...19912013509
experimental model of atrophic rhinitis in gnotobiotic pigs.to study the pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis, gnotobiotic pigs (n = 6) were inoculated intranasally with a sterile sonicate of a toxigenic strain of bordetella bronchiseptica (0.16 mg of protein per ml) at 5 days of age, and they were then inoculated intranasally with 1 ml (5,250 cfu/ml) of a live, toxigenic strain of pasteurella multocida at 7 days of age. pigs were necropsied at 2, 5, 9, 14, 21, and 28 days postinoculation; those pigs necropsied after 5 days had developed turbinate atrophy. ...19911894365
stability of pathogenic bacteria from laboratory animals in various transport media.the stability of pathogenic bacteria from laboratory animals was investigated in various transport media at different temperatures. bordetella bronchiseptica and salmonella typhimurium survived for 8 days in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs, ph 7.0) at 37, 24, 4 and -20 degrees c; brucella canis at 24, 4 and -20 degrees c; corynebacterium kutscheri at 4 and -20 degrees c; and pseudomonas aeruginosa at all but -20 degrees c. a marked decrease in numbers of pasteurella multocida and past. pneumotrop ...19911921320
pneumonia due to bordetella bronchiseptica in a patient with aids. 19911925302
bordetella bronchiseptica from aborted equine foetus. 19911763436
inhibitory effect of sulfamonomethoxine on capsule formation of bordetella bronchiseptica.bordetella bronchiseptica phase i organism possesses a capsule and has the ability to agglutinate with k antiserum, although phase iii organism lacks both. the present study examines the effect of sulfamonomethoxine (smmx) on capsule formation of b. bronchiseptica. i also investigated whether or not the organisms possessed a capsule by bacterial agglutination with k antiserum. three smmx-resistant strains of b. bronchiseptica phase i organisms showed loss of agglutinability with k antiserum by c ...19911789025
characterization of the immunogenicity of formaldehyde detoxified pasteurella multocida toxin.the immunogenicity of the pasteurella multocida toxin (pmt) was studied in murine model systems. mice were vaccinated with either formaldehyde treated pure pmt (pure toxoid) or formaldehyde treated crude extract of toxigenic p. multocida (crude toxoid). the corresponding mean anti-pmt titres, sero-conversion rates and survival rates after challenge with affinity purified pmt were compared. when assessed both by anti-pmt titres and seroconversion and challenge, pure toxoid was a more potent immun ...19911771750
purification of equine neutrophil lysozyme and its antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.lysozyme from equine neutrophil granulocytes was isolated in a pure form by fast performance liquid chromatography, i.e. ion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase chromatography. the lysozyme lysed micrococcus luteus, bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus lentus and was also bactericidal against the gram-negative bacteria escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, bordetella bronchiseptica, and serratia marcescens. staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis were not lysed. the lysozy ...19911803722
vaccination against progressive atrophic rhinitis with a recombinant pasteurella multocida toxin derivative.vaccination against progressive atrophic rhinitis using a purified recombinant derivative of the pasteurella multocida toxin (pmt), was carried out. ten pregnant gilts were vaccinated twice with the nontoxic derivative (do) which apart from a lack of 121 amino acids had an amino acid sequence identical to pmt, while seven gilts were vaccinated with a purified, formaldehyde treated, native pmt and ten gilts served as non-vaccinated controls. the resulting piglets were inoculated intranasally with ...19911832079
prevention and treatment of atrophic rhinitis in pigs with getroxel, chlorquinaldol and oxytetracycline.the sensitivity of ten bordetella bronchiseptica and ten pasteurella multocida strains, each isolated from cases of atrophic rhinitis (ar), was examined in tube dilution test. getroxel, chlorquinaldol and oxytetracycline and the former two ones combined with trimethoprim inhibited the growth of both species in vitro. the minimum inhibitory and the minimum bactericidal concentration was less than 0.5 microgram/ml. when efficacy was tested in spf in the group fed a combination of getroxel, chlorqu ...19911838458
toxigenic pasteurella multocida in rabbits with naturally occurring atrophic rhinitis.in a commercial rabbitry nasal swabs were taken from 36 animals with enzootic upper respiratory disease resembling porcine atrophic rhinitis. 35 pasteurella multocida strains were isolated from 17 rabbits. among 30 strains tested for dermonecrotic toxin production 3, derived from 3 animals, were positive in the guinea pig skin test. 15 bordetella bronchiseptica strains were recovered from 14 rabbits. no toxigenic strains were found among 6 isolates tested using the same method.19911887698
distribution of atrophy in the nasal ventral conchae of piglets infected experimentally with bordetella bronchiseptica.the distribution and extent of atrophy caused by bordetella bronchiseptica in the nasal ventral conchae were investigated by intranasally infecting piglets at day 4 of life. experimental and control piglets were killed at one, two, three, four, five and six weeks of age. serial transverse 80 microns thick nondecalcified sections were cut throughout the entire length of the nasal ventral conchae, and microradiographed. it was observed that the distribution and extent of atrophy was not uniform al ...19911889033
identification and purification of transferrin- and lactoferrin-binding proteins of bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica.bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica were both able to grow in iron-deficient medium when supplemented with iron-saturated human lactoferrin or transferrin but not with human apotransferrin. direct contact between the transferrins and the bordetella cells did not appear to be required for growth but considerably improved the growth of the organisms. analysis of b. pertussis and b. bronchiseptica whole-cell lysates from cultures carried out in iron-deficient or iron-replete media re ...19911937757
pneumonia in a sow due to streptococcus suis type ii and bordetella bronchiseptica. 19912063536
zoonoses and other findings in hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus): a survey of mortality and review of the literature.a survey of mortality in hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) was carried out between july 1976 and november 1986. most were from norfolk. of the 74 examined, 35 (47.3 per cent) were road casualties, one of which yielded salmonella typhimurium phage type (pt) 104. of the remaining 39, 13 (33.3 per cent) had salmonellosis due to s enteritidis pt 11. this organism, which appears to be common and widespread in hedgehogs in england was found in 10 separate incidents. the only other zoonosis was ringworm ...19912035215
haemagglutinating and adhesive activity of bordetella bronchiseptica treated with sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin.the effect of sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin on the haemagglutinating activity of bordetella bronchiseptica was studied. gentamicin exerted dissimilar effect on the production of haemagglutinin to calf and dog erythrocytes. the drug significantly reduced the haemagglutinating titres of calf-negative strains with dog red blood cells while it caused only a slight decrease in the haemagglutinating titres of calf-positive strains with bovine erythrocytes. the results support the ...19911785432
evaluation of a guarded bronchoscopic method for microbial sampling of the lower airways in foals.a novel method to reduce contamination of the bronchoscope during microbial sampling of the lower airways of foals was evaluated. methylene blue (mb) was used as a nasopharyngeal dye marker to assess the relative contamination from the upper airways of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens obtained by standard bronchoscopy (sb) and a "guarded" bronchoscopic method (gb). for gb, a clear sterile cellulose sheath was fitted over the bronchoscope in an effort to protect the endoscope tip and channe ...19911790487
[characterization of strains of bordetella bronchiseptica isolated from animal housing air and of the airborne infection pressure proceeding from them].strains of b. bronchiseptica were isolated from the air in farrowing and weaned piglet houses within the framework of follow-up investigations in an intensive pig breeding and fattening farm with 2600 productive sows. the strains were tested for their biological properties. the results show that virulent b. bronchiseptica-strains have been present as an aerosol in the air of both husbandry systems which refers to the infectious pressure of the animal house air. the number of isolated strains of ...19911790763
structural and genetic analysis of the bvg locus in bordetella species.the bvg locus contains two genes, bvga and bvgs, which control the expression of the virulence-associated genes in bordetella species by a system similar to the two-component systems used by a variety of bacterial species to respond to environmental stimuli. we determined the nucleotide sequence of the bvg loci of bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica and compared them with the previously determined sequence of bordetella pertussis. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the ...19911791760
effects of bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotic toxin on the structure and function of osteoblastic clone mc3t3-e1 cells.the effects of bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotic toxin on the structure and function of a clonal osteoblastic cell line, mc3t3-e1, were investigated. the toxin induced a morphological change in the cells from a spindle shape to a spherical form with many blebs. the toxin-treated cells were viable and grew to form confluent cell layers composed of irregularly shaped cells and multinuclear cells. the toxin inhibited elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity in the cells in a dose-dependent ...19911997414
the seal death in danish waters 1988. 1. pathological and bacteriological studies.during the seal epizootic in danish waters in 1988 a total of 81 adult seals were necropsied. the cause of death was suppurative bronchopneumonia complicated by pleurisy. histologically, an interstitial pneumonia with cytoplasmatic inclusion bodies typical of canine distemper was identified in many of the seals. the condition was in many cases complicated with a secondary infection with bordetella bronchiseptica.19911803933
histological changes in the nasal ventral conchae of piglets infected with bordetella bronchiseptica.piglets infected intranasally with bordetella bronchiseptica were injected with two fluorochrome markers. transverse sections of undecalcified nasal conchae (cut between the third incisor and the third premolar teeth) were examined by microradiography and fluorescence microscopy; surface-stained sections were evaluated by light microscopy. the fluorescent surface of the nasal ventral conchae from the infected piglets was increased as compared with the controls. this was due to an increased amoun ...19911884283
human infections associated with bordetella bronchiseptica.this study examines the potential of bordetella bronchiseptica to act as a human pathogen. after encountering two patients from whom b. bronchiseptica was isolated, we searched the literature and found 23 reports in which a human infection was reported in association with b. bronchiseptica. as a basis for evaluating these cases, we summarize the literature about the current microbiological status of b. bronchiseptica, the pathology and pathogenic mechanisms associated with the microorganism, and ...19911889042
serum sensitivity and lipopolysaccharide characteristics in bordetella bronchiseptica, b. pertussis and b. parapertussis.the viability of four strains of bordetella bronchiseptica, two strains of b. pertussis and one strain of b. parapertussis exposed to hyperimmune and pre-colostrum porcine serum was examined. viable cell numbers (cfu/ml) of the b. pertussis strains and a rough strain of b. bronchiseptica (csu-p-1) decreased by 99% and 99.99%, respectively, after exposure for 1 h to porcine hyperimmune serum. in contrast, smooth b. bronchiseptica strains and the b. parapertussis strain showed no significant decre ...19912010907
bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in a patient with down syndrome: a case report and review. 19921534404
recovery of bordetella bronchiseptica from patients with aids. 19921520777
[evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of bordetella bronchiseptica infection in guinea pigs].an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for serodiagnosis of bordetella bronchiseptica (b. bronchiseptica) infection in guinea pigs was evaluated. an isolate of b. bronchiseptica from lung lesion of a guinea pig was used as antigen after ultrasonication. in the experimental infection, specific pathogen-free guinea pigs inoculated with the bacterium intranasally were examined every 5 or 10 days. the organism was recovered from all animals between 5 and 30 days post-inoculation (p.i.). only o ...19921505627
comparison of the inhibitory effect of sulfamonomethoxine and other sulfonamides on capsule formation of bordetella bronchiseptica.the inhibitory effect of sulfamonomethoxine and other sulfonamides on the capsule formation of sulfonamide-resistant bordetella bronchiseptica was investigated. all the sulfonamides having meo(-och3) groups inhibited the capsule formation of b. bronchiseptica. strong inhibition was obtained with sulfamonomethoxine. inhibition was not seen with sulfonamides having no meo groups.19921420559
characterization of the common antigenic lipopolysaccharide o-chains produced by bordetella bronchiseptica and bordetella parapertussis.representative strains of bordetella bronchiseptica and b. parapertussis were found to produce smooth lipopolysaccharides (lps) having identical antigenic o-polysaccharide components composed of linear unbranched polymers of 1,4-linked 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-alpha-l-galacto-pyranosyluronic acid residues. these lpss differed from the lps of b. pertussis which produces only rough-type lps, devoid of o-polysaccharide. while b. bronchiseptica and b. parapertussis had chemically and immunologica ...19921427018
essential oils and antimicrobial activity of two varieties of cedronella canariensis (l.) w. et b.the qualitative and quantitative determination of the essential oils of the aerial part of two varieties of cedronella canariensis (l.) w. et b., namely, c. canariensis var. canariensis and c. canariensis var. anisata have been performed, together with the study of the antimicrobial activity of both oils. the noteworthy inhibition exhibited against bordetella bronchiseptica and cryptococcus albidus may justify the popular use of the these plants in the treatment of certain diseases of the respir ...19921434678
[the tenacity of bordetella bronchiseptica in the air].the survival time of bordetella bronchiseptica (phase i and iii) has been determined at a temperature of 21 degrees c and 27 degrees c and at a relative humidity of 32%, 58% and 76% in a rotating aerosol chamber. the highest survival time (118.8 min half-life time) has been found at 21 degrees c and 76% relative humidity in b. bronchiseptica (phase i). an increasing temperature (from 21 degrees c to 27 degrees c) causes a lower survival time. the phase i strains react more sensitive to this chan ...19921455946
bordetella bronchiseptica recurrent bacteraemia in the setting of a patient with aids and indwelling broviac catheter. 19921504164
immunological characterization of the lipooligosaccharide b band of bordetella pertussis.two structurally and immunologically different components of bordetella pertussis endotoxin can be visualized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining: a major a band and a faster-migrating minor b band. certain mutant strains of b. pertussis express only the b band, while the wild-type strains produce both lipooligosaccharides (los). two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the minor los b band were generated, allowing the study of this surface m ...19921377181
[a case of sinus-bronchi syndrome repeatedly detected bordetella bronchiseptica from sputum]. 19921402255
vaccine efficacy for reducing turbinate atrophy and improving growth rate in piggeries with endemic atrophic rhinitis.two vaccines, based on formalin-killed whole cells of toxigenic pasteurella multocida type d and bordetella bronchiseptica combined with a partially toxoided cell extract of p multocida, were prepared with freund's incomplete adjuvant (vaccine 1) or by alum precipitation (vaccine 2). each was tested for safety and efficacy in reducing the severity of nasal turbinate atrophy and improving the growth rate of pigs in three western australian commercial piggeries with endemic atrophic rhinitis. in s ...19921627085
the role of bacteria in phocine distemper.the death of many seals believed to be infected with phocine distemper virus was found to be associated with a variety of mainly opportunistic bacterial pathogens. the bacteria most frequently involved were bordetella bronchiseptica, corynebacterium species and a variety of streptococci. seals dying on different parts of the coast of britain were infected with these organisms in differing proportions.19921594938
[bacteremia caused by bordetella bronchiseptica in the course of inflammatory tinea capitis]. 19921605424
bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotizing toxin suppresses in vivo antibody responses in mice.the effects of bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotic toxin (dnt) on the in vivo antibody response of mice were investigated. intravenous injection of dnt at doses of 0.5 and 2.0 ng resulted in a significant suppression of the antibody response both to sheep red blood cells and to escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide as measured by plaque-forming cell and hemagglutination assays. spleen weights of mice given the same doses of dnt were significantly reduced, while the weights of thymuses and mese ...19921555757
virulence of streptococcus suis type 2 strains in newborn germfree pigs depends on phenotype.to determine whether the virulence of streptococcus suis type 2 is associated with the phenotype of the strain, we infected newborn germfree pigs with 10 strains of s. suis type 2 categorized by three phenotypes. in an earlier study, the phenotypes were distinguished by the presence or absence of the muramidase-released protein (mrp) and an extracellular factor (ef) and were designated mrp+ ef+, mrp+ ef- and mrp- ef-. pigs were first inoculated with bordetella bronchiseptica to predispose them t ...19921730489
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology reflects airway inflammation in beagle puppies with acute bronchiolitis.beagle puppies infected with both canine parainfluenza virus type 2 (cpi2) and bordetella bronchiseptica (bb) develop more severe acute bronchiolitis and airways hyperresponsiveness than do those infected with cpi2 or bb alone. the aim of our study was to characterize the inflammatory response associated with airway hyperresponsiveness, and to determine whether the inflammatory cell response of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) reflected changes in the bronchioles in this model. we investigate ...19921319565
cloning and heterologous expression of a novel arylmalonate decarboxylase gene from alcaligenes bronchisepticus ku 1201.we have cloned and sequenced a dna fragment that encodes the arylmalonate decarboxylase (am-dase) gene from alcaligenes bronchisepticus ku 1201. the amdase gene consists of an open reading frame of 720 nucleotides, which specifies a 240-amino-acid protein of relative molecular mass (m(r)) 24734. the m(r) deduced from the amdase gene is in good agreement with that of the amdase isolated from a. bronchisepticus. no tata or ttga sequence was observed within the cloned dna fragment, but the fragment ...19921369144
the bvgas locus negatively controls motility and synthesis of flagella in bordetella bronchiseptica.the products of the bvgas locus coordinately regulate the expression of bordetella virulence factors in response to environmental conditions. we have identified a phenotype in bordetella bronchiseptica that is negatively controlled by bvg. environmental signals which decrease (modulate) the expression of bvg-activated genes lead to flagellum production and motility in b. bronchiseptica. wild-type (bvg+) strains are motile and produce peritrichous flagella only in the presence of modulating signa ...19921370665
bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia and bacteremia following bone marrow transplantation.bordetella bronchiseptica is a frequent cause of respiratory infections in animals but rarely causes disease in humans. we describe a patient with b. bronchiseptica pneumonia and bacteremia that developed following bone marrow transplantation. b. bronchiseptica infection persisted despite antimicrobial therapy and may have progressed because of the combined effects of the patient's underlying immunosuppression and the antimicrobial antagonism between doxycycline and ciprofloxacin.19921401019
purification and properties of a novel arylmalonate decarboxylase from alcaligenes bronchisepticus ku 1201.a novel decarboxylase which catalyzes an enantioselective decarboxylation of alpha-aryl-alpha-methylmalonates to alpha-arylpropionates has been purified from a soil bacterium alcaligenes bronchisepticus ku 1201. the enzyme was purified 300-fold to homogeneity, judged from the analysis of n-terminal amino acid sequence, and found to be a monomeric enzyme of apparent 24 kda. the enzyme catalyzes a decarboxylation giving alpha-arylalkanoates from substituted malonates such as alpha-arylmalonate and ...19921459132
disease conditions affecting common seals (phoca vitulina) around the scottish mainland, september-november 1988.common seal populations around the scottish coast were less severly devastated by phocine distemper than those on the continent. nevertheless, over a 4-month period, 59 common seals were examined postmortem. the macroscopic and histopathological lesions are described. forty-two per cent of these seals were considered to be suffering from phocine distemper. serology on 29 of the 59 seals was undertaken and the results are discussed in relation to the histopathological findings. bordetella bronchi ...19921594936
cross protection studies on bordetella bronchiseptica in mice using an intracerebral challenge model.protective activities of heat-inactivated (60 degrees c for 30 min) merthiolate preserved bordetella bronchiseptica and b. pertussis bacterins were compared in intraperitoneally immunized mice challenged intracerebrally (i.p./i.c.) or intraperitoneally (i.p./i.p.). in the i.p./i.c. assay (kendrick test), a b. pertussis bacterin protected mice against challenge with b. pertussis 18-323, as well as against phase i cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic strains of b. bronchiseptica. a b. bronchiseptica bacter ...19921626369
cloning, nucleotide sequence and heterologous expression of the protective outer-membrane protein p.68 pertactin from bordetella bronchiseptica.the prn gene encoding the 68 kda protective outer-membrane protein of bordetella bronchiseptica (p.68 pertactin) was cloned, sequenced and expressed in escherichia coli. the gene was isolated by dna:dna hybridization experiments using a radioactively-labelled fragment of the homologous prn gene from bordetella parapertussis. dna sequence analysis reveals that the gene is capable of encoding a protein with a molecular mass of 93996 da (p.94); this precursor molecule is processed to form the p.68 ...19921527510
protective effect by cell-free antigen obtained from culture supernatant of phase i bordetella bronchiseptica.the cell-free antigen (cfa), with highly hemagglutination activity, obtained from the culture supernatant of bordetella bronchiseptica was compounded with oil adjuvant to make a component vaccine (cfav). in the immunization trial in mice, the offsprings whose mothers were immunized with cfav escaped from death when challenged intrapleurally with virulent strain of b. bronchiseptica. the protective indices (difference of ld50 dose of the challenge strain between immunized and control groups) of t ...19921532748
a vir-repressed gene of bordetella pertussis is required for virulence.coordinate regulation of gene expression in bordetella pertussis is controlled by the products of the vir locus, bvga and bvgs. in the presence of modulating signals such as mgso4 and nicotinic acid, expression of vir-activated genes (vag) is reduced, while expression of vir-repressed genes (vrg) is maximal. we have cloned one of these vir-repressed genes, vrg-6, in escherichia coli. dna sequencing has shown that vrg-6 is contained on a single ecori restriction endonuclease fragment and is predi ...19921730491
enhanced adherence of pasteurella multocida to porcine tracheal rings preinfected with bordetella bronchiseptica.adherence of 25 isolates of pasteurella multocida to porcine tracheal rings was evaluated. results indicated that adherence was not related to the isolate's origin, capsular or somatic types, dermonecrotoxin production or hemagglutination activity. the effect of a preinfection with bordetella bronchiseptica on the colonization by p. multocida was then studied. on rings infected with p. multocida alone, bacteria initially adhered to the epithelium, but within a few hours, the level of colonizatio ...19921423064
experimental atrophic rhinitis in 2 and 4 month old pigs infected sequentially with bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic type d pasteurella multocida.experimental infections with bordetella bronchiseptica and/or toxigenic type d pasteurella multocida were studied in 2- and 4-month-old primary specific-pathogen-free pigs. none of the 2-month-old pigs inoculated with b. bronchiseptica or p. multocida alone developed turbinate atrophy. all the pigs inoculated with b. bronchiseptica (10(7) cfu/head) and p. multocida (10(9) cfu/head for 5 consecutive days) together, however, developed clinical and post-mortem signs of atrophic rhinitis (ar) simila ...19921385667
toxigenic type a pasteurella multocida as a causative agent of nasal turbinate atrophy in swine.although no clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis (ar) were recognized in 2- and 5-week-old pigs, approximately 60% of 2- to 6-month-old pigs showed clinical signs of ar in an affected pig farm. none of the pigs had normal turbinate at slaughter. bordetella bronchiseptica was not isolated from any of the pigs before onset and incipient stage of the outbreak (2-week to 2-month-old). pasteurella multocida of capsular type d was not isolated from any of those pigs. however, toxigenic p. multocida of ...19921386531
interaction between bordetella bronchiseptica and toxigenic pasteurella multocida on the nasal mucosa of spf piglets.the interaction between bordetella bronchiseptica and type d toxigenic pasteurella multocida was studied in five groups of 4 specific-pathogen-free (spf) piglets each. at 28 days of age, piglets of groups 3 and 4 were inoculated into both nostrils with 10(8) colony-forming-units (cfu) of a non-dermonecrotic toxin (dnt)-producing, phase i strain of b. bronchiseptica. piglets of groups 1 and 3 were treated intranasally with a sonic extract of the non-toxic strain of b. bronchiseptica and those of ...19921477161
[occurrence and drug resistance of bacteria pathogenic to the lungs from autopsy material of swine].eight hundred and fifty-four piglets which died or were euthanized due to pneumonia or rhinitis atrophicans, were investigated during the period of 1986-1990. of the animals, 569 showed bronchopneumonia, 218 had pleuritis, pericarditis and peritonitis, 165 had rhinitis atrophicans, 58 pleuropneumonia, and 9 animals had fibrinous pneumonia. pasteurella multocida, haemophilus parasuis, bordetella bronchiseptica, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and pasteurella haemolytica were isolated in 59.1%, 29 ...19921481214
evaluation of an atrophic rhinitis vaccine under controlled conditions.a vaccine containing inactivated cultures of bordetella bronchiseptica, toxigenic pasteurella multocida type d and dermonecrotic p multocida type d toxoid in an oil-in-water adjuvant was given to seven sows, with seven others acting as controls. half the piglets in each litter were exposed intranasally when four days old to b bronchiseptica and when eight days old to toxigenic p multocida type d. there was considerably less sneezing in the litters of the vaccinated sows and when the piglets were ...19921496755
cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding a 21-kilodalton outer membrane protein from bordetella avium and expression of the gene in salmonella typhimurium.three gene libraries of bordetella avium 197 dna were prepared in escherichia coli le392 by using the cosmid vectors pcp13 and pya2329, a derivative of pcp13 specifying spectinomycin resistance. the cosmid libraries were screened with convalescent-phase anti-b. avium turkey sera and polyclonal rabbit antisera against b. avium 197 outer membrane proteins. one e. coli recombinant clone produced a 56-kda protein which reacted with convalescent-phase serum from a turkey infected with b. avium 197. i ...19921447140
isolation and molecular characterization of a novel broad-host-range plasmid from bordetella bronchiseptica with sequence similarities to plasmids from gram-positive organisms.a 2.6 kb plasmid, named pbbr1, was isolated from bordetella bronchiseptica s87. after insertion of an antibiotic resistance marker, this plasmid could be transferred into escherichia coli, bordetella pertussis, b. bronchiseptica, vibrio cholerae, rhizobium meliloti, and pseudomonas putida by transformation or conjugation. conjugation was possible only when the incp group transfer functions were provided in trans. as shown by incompatibility testing, pbbr1 does not belong to the broad-host-range ...19921321324
characterization of the proteins of bordetella isolates from turkeys in the uk by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.the proteins of seven bordetella bronchiseptica-like isolates were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). they were compared with three similar isolates from overseas, one of which is the type strain of bordetella avium, and with bordetella bronchiseptica nctc 452t and alcaligenes faecalis nctc 415. apart from alcaligenes faecalis, there was strong homology between the isolates suggesting their close relationship, but minor differences were apparent, too. the significance of thes ...199218670923
detecting bordetella avium in tracheal sections of turkeys by monoclonal antibody-based indirect fluorescence microscopy.formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tracheal sections from turkeys experimentally infected with bordetella avium were subjected to indirect fluorescent staining using a mouse monoclonal antibody specific to b. avium. tracheal sections from birds at 2, 3, 5 and 7 weeks after infection showed positive fluorescence. the results were compared with the bacterial numbers determined by a standard plate count method and suggested that the fluorescence test employing the monoclonal antibody was very sen ...199318671062
cloning of bordetella bronchiseptica urease genes and analysis of colonization by a urease-negative mutant strain in a guinea-pig model.the genes encoding urease were cloned from bordetella bronchiseptica and the 5.2 kb of dna essential for expression analysed in a t7 rna polymerase transcription-translation system. at least four polypeptides with predicted molecular weights of 69,000, 26,000, 12,200 and 11,000 were found. partial dna sequence of the gene encoding the 69,000 da polypeptide revealed high amino acid identity to the alpha-subunit of proteus mirabilis urease, urec and jack bean urease. a stable, unmarked deletion wa ...19937968532
association of microbiologic flora with clinical, endoscopic, and pulmonary cytologic findings in foals with distal respiratory tract infection.undifferentiated distal respiratory tract disease (nasal discharge, cough, pneumonia) in foals (1 to 8 months old) is a burdensome economic problem on breeding farms; yet, the infective agents associated with these episodes have not been well described. possible causes of these episodes of illness were investigated by culturing specimens of proximal and distal airways of clinically diseased foals (n = 101), prior to any treatment, for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and viruses (rhinoviruses, equ ...19938250386
immunogens of pasteurella.the family pasteurellaceae pohl contains gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and fermentative bacteria of the genera pasteurella, haemophilus, and actinobacillus. approximately 20 different species of the genus pasteurella have been identified using phenotypic and genetic analyses. of these species, p. multocida and p. haemolytica are the most prominent pathogens in domestic animals causing severe diseases and major economic losses in the cattle, swine, sheep, and poultry industries. mechanis ...19938116191
phylogenetic position of taylorella equigenitalis determined by analysis of amplified 16s ribosomal dna sequences.the 16s ribosomal dna sequence of taylorella equigenitalis (formerly haemophilus equigenitalis), the causative organism of contagious equine metritis, was determined. a phylogenetic analysis of this sequence revealed a phylogenetic position of t. equigenitalis in the beta subclass of the class proteobacteria apart from the position of haemophilus influenzae, which belongs to the gamma subclass of proteobacteria. a close phylogenetic relationship among t. equigenitalis, alcaligenes xylosoxidans, ...19938347520
streptococci and pasteurella spp. associated with disease of the equine lower respiratory tract.the likelihood of finding evidence of inflammation in 551 tracheal washes collected endoscopically from 278 thoroughbred racehorses increased with the number of bacterial colony forming units (cfu) per ml of wash (p < 0.001). the aerobic bacteria streptococcus zooepidemicus, pasteurella/actinobacillus-like species and streptococcus pneumoniae were significantly associated with lower airway inflammation whereas coagulase-negative staphylococcus spp., alpha-haemolytic streptococcus spp., acinetoba ...19938354218
nucleotide sequences of the 23s rrna genes from bordetella pertussis, b.parapertussis, b.bronchiseptica and b.avium, and their implications for phylogenetic analysis. 19937688118
interaction between immunity to bordetella bronchiseptica and infection of pig herds by bordetella bronchiseptica and pasteurella multocida.the dynamics of toxigenic bordetella bronchiseptica and pasteurella multocida infection and the b. bronchiseptica specific antibody content of the blood and nasal secretion were studied in three hungarian and three dutch pig herds. in both countries, the studies involved young sows that had farrowed once or twice (ys), old sows that had farrowed more than four times (os), and their piglets. the results indicate that dutch sows are characterized by a lower prevalence of b. bronchiseptica and p. m ...19938399743
nasal epithelial changes induced in piglets by acetic acid and by bordetella bronchiseptica.research on atrophic rhinitis of pigs has shown that both bordetella bronchiseptica infection and experimental treatment with acetic acid predispose the nasal mucosa to colonization with pasteurella multocida. gnotobiotic piglets aged 3 days were dosed intranasally with either b. bronchiseptica (n = 6) or acetic acid 1 per cent (n = 10) and killed at intervals up to the 4th day after treatment. samples of the ventral turbinates were examined by light microscopy and scanning and transmission elec ...19938408782
[the effectiveness of tilmicosin in respiratory diseases of swine].within the scope of the clinical evaluation of tilmicosin in enzootic pneumonia of pigs, nasal swabs from 78 animals were taken, before and after oral medication of different doses (0, 100, 200, 300 mg tilmicosin/kg dry food), and examined bacteriologically for pasteurella multocida, bordetella bronchiseptica und haemophilus parasuis. the bacteria aforementioned were isolated from the nasal secretions of 83% of the pigs, 14 days after crowding without any prophylactic regime. it could be demonst ...19938431202
comparison of isolation methods for the recovery of bordetella bronchiseptica and pasteurella multocida from the nasal cavities of piglets.nasal swabs from 241 piglets from 12 herds with clinical atrophic rhinitis and 283 piglets from 14 herds without clinical atrophic rhinitis were examined for the presence of bordetella bronchiseptica and/or pasteurella multocida. for b. bronchiseptica, swabs were streaked on three selective media. blood agar supplemented with cephalexin was the most satisfactory selective culture medium for the isolation of b. bronchiseptica. for p. multocida, swabs were also streaked on three selective media. m ...19938432824
virulence of bordetella bronchiseptica: role of adenylate cyclase-hemolysin.bordetella bronchiseptica is a pathogen of laboratory, domestic, and wild animals and sometimes of humans. in the present study some characteristics of the virulence of b. bronchiseptica isolates of different origin were studied. all isolates had similar phenotypes, similar bacteriological characters, and synthesized adenylate cyclase-hemolysin, filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin but not pertussis toxin. these isolates, however, differed in their ability to express dermonecrotic toxin and t ...19938406794
invasion of hela cells by bordetella bronchiseptica.invasion, defined as adhesion to, followed by entrance into hela cells by bordetella bronchiseptica was determined by (i) specific staining of intracellular bacteria and (ii) counting of viable intracellular bacteria after killing extracellular bacteria with colistin. it was demonstrated for the first time that b. bronchiseptica, like bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis, is able to invade hela cells. comparison of the invasiveness of bvg+ and bvg- b. bronchiseptica showed that b. b ...19938099193
fimbriae and determination of host species specificity of bordetella bronchiseptica.a monoclonal antibody, designated cf8 and prepared against fimbrial protein enrichments of bordetella bronchiseptica 110h, was determined by immunogold electron microscopy to bind to some but not all fimbrial filaments on intact bacterial cells. comparison of the reactivity of this antibody with that of monoclonal antibody bpf2, which is specific for bordetella pertussis serotype 2 fimbriae, indicated that cf8 recognizes an epitope similar to that recognized by bpf2. by western blot (immunoblot) ...19938102377
isolation of a putative fimbrial adhesin from bordetella pertussis and the identification of its gene.we report the purification of a minor bordetella pertussis fimbrial subunit, designated fimd, and the identification of its gene (fimd). fimd could be purified from the bulk of major fimbrial subunits by exploiting the fact that major subunit-subunit interactions are more stable in the presence of sds than minor-major subunit interactions. to locate the gene for fimd, internal peptides of fimd were generated, purified and sequenced. subsequently, an oligonucleotide probe, based on the primary se ...19938105363
chick embryo, a model to study the lethal activity of pertussis toxin, infectivity of bordetella pertussis, and their neutralization by immune sera.the toxin activity of bordetella strains and acellular pertussis components was evaluated in chick embryos. eleven-day-old embryos were found to be most suitable for determination of ld50 values. eight of eight bordetella pertussis strains possessed ld50 values of 10(4) to 10(6) colony-forming units per dose of 100 microl. embryos were resistant to bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica at doses of 10(10) colony-forming units. bacterial growth did not occur in the bloodstream or ...19938106134
bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in a koala.a 3-year-old male koala (phascolarctos cinereus) was evaluated because of severe acute respiratory distress. despite medical treatment, the koala died. gross and histologic lesions consistent with acute bacterial pneumonia were identified at necropsy and bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated from pulmonary tissue. there are 2 prior reports from australia of fatal b bronchiseptica pneumonia in captive koalas.19938468231
functional analysis of the cya promoter of bordetella pertussis.the cyaa gene of bordetella pertussis and of bordetella bronchiseptica encodes a toxin which is a bifunctional protein exhibiting adenylate cyclase and haemolytic activities. in bordetella, virulence factors are synthesized under the control of the bvg regulatory locus, in response to environmental signals. in escherichia coli the cyaa gene is not expressed, nor is it activated by bvg indicating that the activation of cya by bvg is indirect. to characterize cis-acting regulatory regions required ...19938469114
a siderophore production mutant of bordetella bronchiseptica cannot use lactoferrin as an iron source.bordetella bronchiseptica secreted a hydroxamate siderophore when grown in fe-depleted medium. a tn5lac insertion mutant of b. bronchiseptica, dbb22, did not produce this hydroxamate siderophore and was incapable of using lactoferrin as an fe source. our data suggest that b. bronchiseptica uses a siderophore for removal of fe from lactoferrin and transferrin rather than relying upon a receptor for these host fe-binding proteins.19938500910
isolation of bordetella bronchiseptica from a patient with aids. 19938513824
feline bordetellosis: challenge and vaccine studies.four eight-week-old cats, shown to be free from feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus and chlamydia psittaci were challenged with an aerosol of bordetella bronchiseptica. within five days the cats developed signs of respiratory disease, characterised by nasal discharge, sneezing, spontaneous or induced coughing and dry or wet rales at auscultation. these signs were present for about 10 days, after which they began to resolve. to test the protective capacity of an experimental fimbrial antigen-b ...19938236648
genetic relatedness of bordetella species as determined by macrorestriction digests resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.the genetic relatedness of the three medically important bordetella species was examined by macrorestriction digestion of dna with the rarely cutting enzyme xbai and resolution by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. our data showed that bordetella pertussis, bordetella parapertussis, and bordetella bronchiseptica produced species-specific macrorestriction profiles and that there was some variation between different isolates of the same species. conserved bands at 130 and 155 kb occurred with b. pe ...19938240949
long-term survival of bordetella bronchiseptica in lakewater and in buffered saline without added nutrients.bordetella bronchiseptica grew from small inocula, and retained viability for at least 24 weeks, in unsupplemented lakewater or phosphate-buffered saline. from washed inocula of around 10(3) colony-forming units/ml, there was growth at both 10 degrees c and 37 degrees c to give 10(6)-10(7) colony-forming units/ml. at 10 degrees c, these counts were maintained with little diminution up to week 24 when observations ceased. in the tests at 37 degrees c, two of three strains tested showed similar re ...19938319892
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