Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| molecular and antigenic characterization of bordetella bronchiseptica isolated from a wild southern sea otter (enhydra lutris nereis) with severe suppurative bronchopneumonia. | bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated in pure culture from the lung, abdomen, and intestine of a wild free-ranging southern sea otter (enhydra lutris nereis) with severe, suppurative bronchopneumonia. immunohistochemistry, using antiserum raised to b. bronchiseptica, revealed strong positive staining of bacteria attached to bronchial ciliated epithelia as well as scattered positive staining in affected alveoli. western blot analysis demonstrated that virulence factors, filamentous hemagglutinin ... | 2003 | 14667021 |
| bordetella bronchiseptica infection of rats and mice. | bordetella bronchiseptica has long been associated with respiratory tract infections in laboratory research, food-producing, companion, and wildlife animal species. its range of distribution also may include humans and contaminated inanimate environmental sources. natural diseases due to b. bronchiseptica infections in laboratory rats and mice were described before many of the major pathogens of these hosts were discovered. to our knowledge, there are no recent reports of natural disease due to ... | 2003 | 12625502 |
| seroepidemiological survey of bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza-2 virus in dogs in sweden. | the prevalence of antibodies against bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza-2 virus (cpiv-2) was investigated in a population of 302 pet dogs in sweden. sera were analysed for b bronchiseptica-specific immunoglobulin g by means of an elisa, and for cpiv-2 specific neutralising antibody by means of a haemagglutination inhibition test. b bronchiseptica had a seroprevalence of 22 per cent and cpiv-2 had a seroprevalence of 28 per cent. the two pathogens did not appear to circulate toget ... | 2003 | 12638909 |
| bordetella bronchiseptica pagp is a bvg-regulated lipid a palmitoyl transferase that is required for persistent colonization of the mouse respiratory tract. | bordetella bronchiseptica lipopolysaccharide (lps) expression varies depending on growth conditions, regulated by the bvg system. a b. bronchiseptica pagp homologue was identified that is required for bvg-mediated modification of the lipid a core region of lps that occurs on switching from the bvg- to the bvg+ phase. structural analysis demonstrated that the lipid a of a b. bronchiseptica pagp mutant differed from wild-type lipid a by the absence of a palmitate group in secondary acylation at th ... | 2003 | 12694617 |
| species-wide variation in the escherichia coli flagellin (h-antigen) gene. | escherichia coli is a clonal species. the best-understood components of its clonal variation are the flagellar (h) and polysaccharide (o) antigens, both well documented since the mid-1930s because of their use in serotyping. flagellin is the protein subunit of the flagellum that carries h-antigen specificity. we show that 43 of the 54 h-antigen specificities of e. coli map to the flagellin gene at flic and sequenced all 43 forms and confirmed specificity of each by cloning and expression. this i ... | 2003 | 12700273 |
| an iron-regulated gene required for utilization of aerobactin as an exogenous siderophore in vibrio parahaemolyticus. | a previous investigation using the fur titration assay system showed that vibrio parahaemolyticus possesses a gene encoding a protein homologous to iuta, the outer-membrane receptor for ferric aerobactin in escherichia coli. in this study, a 5.6 kb dna region from the v. parahaemolyticus wp1 genome was cloned and two entire genes, iuta and alcd homologues, were identified which are absent from vibrio cholerae genomic sequences. the v. parahaemolyticus iuta and alcd proteins share 43 % identity w ... | 2003 | 12724383 |
| respiratory disease in kennelled dogs: serological responses to bordetella bronchiseptica lipopolysaccharide do not correlate with bacterial isolation or clinical respiratory symptoms. | the role of bordetella bronchiseptica in a natural outbreak of canine infectious respiratory disease was investigated both by culture and serological analysis. b. bronchiseptica was found in the lungs of a large proportion of clinically healthy dogs and in a greater proportion of dogs with respiratory disease. using a lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we analyzed the serological responses of a large number of dogs. dogs with high antibody levels showed no ... | 2003 | 12738630 |
| in vitro activities of telithromycin and 10 oral agents against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | a study of the comparative in vitro activity of telithromycin, a new ketolide, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic antral sinus puncture isolates showed it to be active against a broad range of sinus pathogens. all pneumococci, including erythromycin-resistant strains, were susceptible to telithromycin at < or = 0.5 microg/ml; all haemophilus influenzae and eikenella corrodens strains were inhibited by < or = 4 microg of telithromycin/ml; all moraxella spp. and beta-lactamase-producing prevote ... | 2003 | 12760875 |
| comparison of bipa alleles within and across bordetella species. | the bordetella bvgas signal transduction system controls the expression of at least three phenotypic phases, the bvg(+) or virulent phase, the bvg(-) or avirulent phase, and the bvg(i) or bvg intermediate phase, which has been hypothesized to be important for transmission. bipa, the first identified bvg(i)-phase gene, encodes a protein with similarity to the well-characterized bacterial adhesins intimin and invasin. proteins encoded by the bipa genes present in bordetella pertussis tohama i and ... | 2003 | 12761081 |
| use of bordetella bronchiseptica and bordetella pertussis as live vaccines and vectors for heterologous antigens. | bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica are respiratory pathogens of humans and animals respectively. unlike many bacteria, they are able to efficiently colonise healthy ciliated respiratory mucosa. this characteristic of bordetella spp. can potentially be exploited to develop efficient live vaccines and vectors for delivery of heterologous antigens to the respiratory tract. here we review the progress in this area. | 2003 | 12832115 |
| bordetella pertussis acquires resistance to complement-mediated killing in vivo. | in order to initially colonize a host, bacteria must avoid various components of the innate immune system, one of which is complement. the genus bordetella includes three closely related species that differ in their ability to resist complement-mediated killing. bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica resist killing in naïve serum, a characteristic that may aid in efficient respiratory tract colonization and has been attributed to expression of o antigen. bordetella pertussis lack ... | 2003 | 12933835 |
| mac-1-mediated uptake and killing of bordetella bronchiseptica by porcine alveolar macrophages. | the role of mac-1 as a receptor for bordetella bronchiseptica infection of alveolar macrophages (amphi) was examined using 6 strains (2 atcc and 4 pathogenic field isolates) to assess b. bronchiseptica binding, uptake and replication in primary porcine amphi. all b. bronchiseptica strains were rapidly killed by porcine serum in a dose- and time-dependent manner. however, heat-inactivated porcine serum (his) did not demonstrate any bacterial-killing activity, suggesting that complement may have a ... | 2003 | 12819364 |
| evaluation of broiler litter with reference to the microbial composition as assessed by using 16s rrna and functional gene markers. | very little is known about the microbial composition of animal bedding wastes, including poultry litter, and what is known has been deduced from standard culture methods, by which some fastidious organisms that exist in the environment may not be detected. we evaluated the bacterial composition of poultry litter by using a combination of culture and molecular detection. total aerobic bacteria in poultry litter were detected by culture at 10(9) cfu/g of material. enteric bacteria such as enteroco ... | 2003 | 12571010 |
| an aromatic amino acid auxotrophic mutant of bordetella bronchiseptica is attenuated and immunogenic in a mouse model of infection. | we have constructed an aromatic amino acid auxotrophic mutant of bordetella bronchiseptica, harbouring mutations in aroa and trpe to investigate the use of such a strain as a live-attenuated vaccine. b. bronchiseptica aroa trpe was unable to grow in minimal medium without aromatic supplementation. compared to the parental wild-type strain, the mutant displayed significantly reduced abilities to invade and survive within the mouse macrophage-like cell line j774a.1 in vitro and in the murine respi ... | 2003 | 12694904 |
| bordetella bronchiseptica persists in the nasal cavities of mice and triggers early delivery of dendritic cells in the lymph nodes draining the lower and upper respiratory tract. | early after the intranasal instillation of bordetella bronchiseptica into mice, not only are mature dendritic leukocytes recovered from lung parenchyma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid but their numbers are also increased in the mediastinal lymph nodes and the nasal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. later during the infectious process, the bacteria persist mainly in the nasal cavity. | 2003 | 12819105 |
| expression of a truncated pasteurella multocida toxin antigen in bordetella bronchiseptica. | mild or subclinical respiratory infections caused by bordetella bronchiseptica are widespread in pigs despite multiple control efforts. infection with virulent b. bronchiseptica strains is a common risk factor in the establishment of toxin-producing strains of pasteurella multocida in the nasal cavity of pigs leading to the disease, atrophic rhinitis (ar). this study was designed to explore the possibility of expressing a protective epitope of p. multocida toxin (pmt) in b. bronchiseptica to cre ... | 2003 | 12829385 |
| role of bordetella o antigen in respiratory tract infection. | lipopolysaccharide (lps), as the major surface molecule of gram-negative bacteria, interacts with the host in complex ways, both inducing and protecting against aspects of inflammatory and adaptive immunity. the membrane-distal repeated carbohydrate structure of lps, the o antigen, can prevent antibody functions and may vary as a mechanism of immune evasion. genes of the wbm locus are required for the assembly of o antigen on the animal pathogen bordetella bronchiseptica and the human pathogen b ... | 2003 | 12496152 |
| flagella and motility in actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae has been considered nonmotile and nonflagellate. in this work, it is demonstrated that a. pleuropneumoniae produces flagella composed of a 65-kda protein with an n-terminal amino acid sequence that shows 100% identity with those of escherichia coli, salmonella, and shigella flagellins. the dna sequence obtained through pcr of the flic gene in a. pleuropneumoniae showed considerable identity (93%) in its 5' and 3' ends with the dna sequences of corresponding genes ... | 2003 | 12511514 |
| in vitro activities of florfenicol against bovine and porcine respiratory tract pathogens. | florfenicol in vitro activities for a total of 756 bacterial isolates from respiratory tract infections of cattle and swine were comparatively investigated by the agar diffusion method and the microdilution broth method. florfenicol showed high in vitro activity against pasteurella multocida, mannheimia haemolytica, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and streptococcus suis, with all of the isolates inhibited by </=2 micro g of florfenicol per ml. | 2003 | 12878547 |
| comparison of lightcycler pcr, rapid antigen immunoassay, and culture for detection of group a streptococci from throat swabs. | we compared the performance characteristics of a real-time pcr method, the lightcycler strep-a assay (roche applied science, indianapolis, ind.), to those of a rapid antigen immunoassay, the directigen 1-2-3 group a strep test kit (bd diagnostic systems, sparks, md.), and a standard culture method for detection of group a streptococci (gas) from 384 throat swabs. the lightcycler pcr produced more positive results (n = 58) than either culture (n = 55) or the directigen immunoassay (n = 31). the r ... | 2003 | 12517855 |
| real-time pcr assay targets the 23s-5s spacer for direct detection and differentiation of legionella spp. and legionella pneumophila. | a real-time pcr for the abi prism 7000 system targeting the 23s-5s spacer of legionella spp. was developed. simultaneous detection and differentiation of legionella spp. and legionella pneumophila within 90 min and without post-pcr melting-curve analysis was achieved using two taqman probes. in sputum samples from 23 controls and 17 patients with legionellosis, defined by positive culture, urinary antigen testing, or seroconversion, 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity were observed. | 2003 | 14532229 |
| retrospective analysis of etiologic agents associated with respiratory diseases in pigs. | twenty-eight hundred and seventy-two cases of respiratory disease in pigs were analyzed for their etiologic agents. two or more pathogens were detected from 88.2% of the cases, indicating that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) or swine influenza virus (siv) combined with other bacterial agents was a common cause for porcine respiratory diseases in the mid-western usa. | 2003 | 14524628 |
| identification of quorum-sensing-regulated genes of burkholderia cepacia. | quorum sensing is a regulatory mechanism (operating in response to cell density) which in gram-negative bacteria usually involves the production of n-acyl homoserine lactones (hsl). quorum sensing in burkholderia cepacia has been associated with the regulation of expression of extracellular proteins and siderophores and also with the regulation of swarming and biofilm formation. in the present study, several quorum-sensing-controlled gene promoters of b. cepacia atcc 25416 were identified and ch ... | 2003 | 14563881 |
| pertussis toxin plays an early role in respiratory tract colonization by bordetella pertussis. | in this study, we sought to determine whether pertussis toxin (pt), an exotoxin virulence factor produced exclusively by bordetella pertussis, is important for colonization of the respiratory tract by this pathogen by using a mouse intranasal infection model. by comparing a wild-type tohama i strain to a mutant strain with an in-frame deletion of the ptx genes encoding pt (deltapt), we found that the lack of pt confers a significant peak (day 7) colonization defect (1 to 2 log(10) units) over a ... | 2003 | 14573656 |
| humoral immunity against bordetella pertussis: antibodies or b cells? | 2003 | 14573698 | |
| [biotyping and molecular phenotypic characterization of bordetella bronchiseptica]. | in the present study biochemical tests and outer membrane protein profile (omp) capacity for typing bordetella bronchiseptica field isolates were evaluated. the biochemical tests were performed by api 20ne system. omp enriched fractions were obtained from cultures under virulent and modulated conditions and were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). we have identified five patterns by differences in the bands in the 85-95 kda region (alpha, beta, gamma ... | 2003 | 14587371 |
| analysis of bvgr expression in bordetella pertussis. | bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, produces a wide array of factors that are associated with its ability to cause disease. the expression and regulation of these virulence factors are dependent upon the bvg locus, which encodes three proteins: bvga, a 23-kda cytoplasmic protein; bvgs, a 135-kda transmembrane protein; and bvgr, a 32-kda protein. it is hypothesized that bvgs responds to environmental signals and interacts with bvga, a transcriptional regulator, which upon ... | 2003 | 14617654 |
| identification and characterization of a unique adenosine kinase from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | adenosine kinase (ak) is a purine salvage enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of adenosine to amp. in mycobacterium tuberculosis, ak can also catalyze the phosphorylation of the adenosine analog 2-methyladenosine (methyl-ado), the first step in the metabolism of this compound to an active form. purification of ak from m. tuberculosis yielded a 35-kda protein that existed as a dimer in its native form. adenosine (ado) was preferred as a substrate at least 30-fold (km = 0.8 +/- 0.08 microm) ... | 2003 | 14594827 |
| bordetella bronchiseptica infection in pediatric lung transplant recipients. | bordetella bronchiseptica are small, pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacilli which are commensal organisms in the upper respiratory tract of many wild and domestic animals ('kennel cough' in dogs). while it is common for health care providers to ask about exposure to ill family/friends, most do not routinely inquire about the health or immunization status of household pets. we report two cases of b. bronchiseptica pneumonia in lung transplant recipients [cystic fibrosis (cf); ages 10 and 15 yr; o ... | 2003 | 14738306 |
| real-time pcr detection of brucella abortus: a comparative study of sybr green i, 5'-exonuclease, and hybridization probe assays. | real-time pcr provides a means of detecting and quantifying dna targets by monitoring pcr product accumulation during cycling as indicated by increased fluorescence. a number of different approaches can be used to generate the fluorescence signal. three approaches-sybr green i (a double-stranded dna intercalating dye), 5'-exonuclease (enzymatically released fluors), and hybridization probes (fluorescence resonance energy transfer)-were evaluated for use in a real-time pcr assay to detect brucell ... | 2003 | 12902268 |
| serum acute phase proteins and swine health status. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between swine health status and the concentration of the serum acute phase proteins, haptoglobin (hp), and c-reactive protein (crp). a total of 378 clinically healthy pigs from farms a and b, plus 20 pigs culled from farm a due to poor growth, were used in this experiment. each pig was examined and blood samples were collected during slaughter. the hp concentration was measured by using an hp-hemoglobin binding assay. the crp concentr ... | 2003 | 14620865 |
| pfge and pertactin gene sequencing suggest limited genetic variability within the finnish bordetella parapertussis population. | the outer-membrane protein pertactin (prn) of bordetella pertussis, bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica is believed to function as an adhesin and is an important immunogen. the emergence of b. pertussis and b. bronchiseptica prn variants has been reported. the aim of this study was to determine whether similar variation is found in b. parapertussis prn and to characterize finnish clinical b. parapertussis isolates that were collected in 1982-2000. of 76 b. parapertussis isolat ... | 2003 | 14614063 |
| functional bvgas virulence control system in bordetella bronchiseptica is necessary for induction of ca2+ transients in ciliated tracheal epithelial cells. | to study initial bordetella bronchiseptica-tracheal epithelial cell interactions, we coincubated b. bronchiseptica with rabbit tracheal explant cultures and assayed bacterial adherence and host cell ca(2+) signaling. wild-type b. bronchiseptica (rb50) preferentially adhered to cilia and induced ciliated host cell ca(2+) transients within 2 min of coincubation, whereas coincubation with an avirulent strain (rb57) resulted in limited binding and ca(2+) signaling. the described cell system allows f ... | 2003 | 14638818 |
| in vitro activities of abt-492, a new fluoroquinolone, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | abt-492 exhibited excellent in vitro activities against all 326 aerobic and anaerobic antral puncture sinus isolates tested with mics (in micrograms per milliliter) at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited as follows: haemophilus influenzae, 0.001; moraxella catarrhalis, 0.008; and streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.015. it was four- to sixfold more active than other fluoroquinolones, including against levofloxacin-resistant strains of s. pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureu ... | 2003 | 12937015 |
| bopb is a type iii secreted protein in bordetella bronchiseptica and is required for cytotoxicity against cultured mammalian cells. | the cytotoxicity of bordetella bronchiseptica to infected cells is known to be dependent on a b. bronchiseptica type iii secretion system. although the precise mechanism of the type iii secretion system is unknown, bopn, bopd and bsp22 have been identified as type iii secreted proteins. in order to identify other proteins secreted via the type iii secretion machinery in bordetella, a type iii mutant was generated, and its secretion profile was compared with that of the wild-type strain. the resu ... | 2003 | 14641181 |
| conjugative plasmid transfer in gram-positive bacteria. | conjugative transfer of bacterial plasmids is the most efficient way of horizontal gene spread, and it is therefore considered one of the major reasons for the increase in the number of bacteria exhibiting multiple-antibiotic resistance. thus, conjugation and spread of antibiotic resistance represents a severe problem in antibiotic treatment, especially of immunosuppressed patients and in intensive care units. while conjugation in gram-negative bacteria has been studied in great detail over the ... | 2003 | 12794193 |
| microbial genome jambalaya. | 2003 | 12702204 | |
| bugging the bugs. genomics and proteomics may provide new ways of making the lives of bacteria more miserable. | 2003 | 12671675 | |
| ancient origin of the tryptophan operon and the dynamics of evolutionary change. | the seven conserved enzymatic domains required for tryptophan (trp) biosynthesis are encoded in seven genetic regions that are organized differently (whole-pathway operons, multiple partial-pathway operons, and dispersed genes) in prokaryotes. a comparative bioinformatics evaluation of the conservation and organization of the genes of trp biosynthesis in prokaryotic operons should serve as an excellent model for assessing the feasibility of predicting the evolutionary histories of genes and oper ... | 2003 | 12966138 |
| a golden age for microbial genomics. | 2003 | 14611656 | |
| enteric pathogens as vaccine vectors for foreign antigen delivery. | 2004 | 15385450 | |
| microarray-based identification of bacteria in clinical samples by solid-phase pcr amplification of 23s ribosomal dna sequences. | the rapid identification of the bacteria in clinical samples is important for patient management and antimicrobial therapy. we describe a dna microarray-based pcr approach for the quick detection and identification of bacteria from cervical swab specimens from mares. this on-chip pcr method combines the amplification of a variable region of bacterial 23s ribosomal dna and the simultaneous sequence-specific detection on a solid phase. the solid phase contains bacterial species-specific primers co ... | 2004 | 15004052 |
| rhur, an extracytoplasmic function sigma factor activator, is essential for heme-dependent expression of the outer membrane heme and hemoprotein receptor of bordetella avium. | genes involved in iron (fe) acquisition often are regulated in response to the local availability of fe. in many bacteria, fe-dependent responsiveness is mediated by fur, a global fe-dependent transcriptional repressor. tighter regulatory control of fur-responsive genes is afforded by incorporating additional regulators into fur-dependent regulatory cascades. rhui, a fur-dependent extracytoplasmic function sigma factor of bordetella avium, in response to the dual stimulation of fe starvation and ... | 2004 | 14742534 |
| synthesis, and antiprotozoal and antibacterial activities of s-substituted 4,6-dibromo- and 4,6-dichloro-2-mercaptobenzimidazoles. | the synthesis and some germicidal activities in vitro of two congener series of s-substituted 4,6-dihalogeno-2-mercapto-1h-benzimidazoles are reported. there was no substantial difference between antibacterial activities of corresponding 4,6-dichloro- and 4,6-dibromo-derivatives. the present results confirm lower susceptibility to substituted benzimidazoles of gram-negative compared to gram-positive bacteria. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of a majority of the novel derivatives ranged ... | 2004 | 14757505 |
| integration of environmental signals controls expression of bordetella heme utilization genes. | the bordetella pertussis heme utilization gene cluster hurir bhurstuv encodes regulatory and transport functions required for assimilation of iron from heme and hemoproteins. expression of the bhu genes is iron regulated and heme inducible. the putative extracytoplasmic function (ecf) sigma factor, huri, is required for heme-responsive bhu gene expression. in this study, transcriptional activation of b. pertussis bhu genes in response to heme compounds was shown to be dose dependent and specific ... | 2004 | 14761988 |
| the louse-borne human pathogen bartonella quintana is a genomic derivative of the zoonotic agent bartonella henselae. | we present the complete genomes of two human pathogens, bartonella quintana (1,581,384 bp) and bartonella henselae (1,931,047 bp). the two pathogens maintain several similarities in being transmitted by insect vectors, using mammalian reservoirs, infecting similar cell types (endothelial cells and erythrocytes) and causing vasculoproliferative changes in immunocompromised hosts. a primary difference between the two pathogens is their reservoir ecology. whereas b. quintana is a specialist, using ... | 2004 | 15210978 |
| smallpox and pan-orthopox virus detection by real-time 3'-minor groove binder taqman assays on the roche lightcycler and the cepheid smart cycler platforms. | we designed, optimized, and extensively tested several sensitive and specific real-time pcr assays for rapid detection of both smallpox and pan-orthopox virus dnas. the assays are based on taqman 3'-minor groove binder chemistry and were performed on both the rapid-cycling roche lightcycler and the cepheid smart cycler platforms. the hemagglutinin (ha) j7r, b9r, and b10r genes were used as targets for the variola virus-specific assays, and the ha and dna polymerase-e9l genes were used as targets ... | 2004 | 14766823 |
| evidence that the algi/algj gene cassette, required for o acetylation of pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate, evolved by lateral gene transfer. | pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, isolated from chronically infected patients with cystic fibrosis, produce the o-acetylated extracellular polysaccharide, alginate, giving these strains a mucoid phenotype. o acetylation of alginate plays an important role in the ability of mucoid p. aeruginosa to form biofilms and to resist complement-mediated phagocytosis. the o-acetylation process is complex, requiring a protein with seven transmembrane domains (algi), a type ii membrane protein (algj), and a pe ... | 2004 | 15231808 |
| where does bacterial replication start? rules for predicting the oric region. | three methods, based on dna asymmetry, the distribution of dnaa boxes and dnaa gene location, were applied to identify the putative replication origins in 120 chromosomes. the chromosomes were classified according to the agreement of these methods and the applicability of these methods was evaluated. dna asymmetry is the most universal method of putative oric identification in bacterial chromosomes, but it should be applied together with other methods to achieve better prediction. the three meth ... | 2004 | 15258248 |
| bordetella pertussis infection of primary human monocytes alters hla-dr expression. | bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough, a potentially lethal respiratory disease in children. in immunocompetent individuals, b. pertussis infection elicits an effective adaptive immune response driven by activated cd4(+) t cells. however, live b. pertussis persists in the host for 3 to 4 weeks prior to clearance. thus, b. pertussis appears to have evolved short-term mechanisms for immune system evasion. we investigated the effects of b. pertussis wild-type strain bp338 on ... | 2004 | 14977950 |
| real-time multiplex pcr assay for detection of brucella spp., b. abortus, and b. melitensis. | the identification of brucella can be a time-consuming and labor-intensive process that places personnel at risk for laboratory-acquired infection. here, we describe a real-time pcr assay for confirmation of presumptive brucella isolates. the assay was designed in a multiplex format that will allow the rapid identification of brucella spp., b. abortus, and b. melitensis in a single test. | 2004 | 15004098 |
| prior infection with bordetella bronchiseptica increases nasal colonization by haemophilus parasuis in swine. | the objective of this study was to determine whether bordetella bronchiseptica would predispose to colonization or disease with haemophilus parasuis. three experiments were completed. in the first experiment, three groups of pigs (10 pigs/group) were inoculated intranasally with either b. bronchiseptica, h. parasuis, or with b. bronchiseptica followed by h. parasuis 1 week later. a fourth group of 10 pigs served as a non-infected control group. the second experiment was like the first, except th ... | 2004 | 15019114 |
| antibacterial screening of plants used in iranian folkloric medicine. | fifty methanolic plant extracts belonging to 44 plant species of 33 families finding use in iranian folkloric medicine were screened for antibacterial activity. thirty samples, including 28 species in 20 families, had antibacterial activity against at least on one of the bacteria. among the active plants, 32.6% were active against g(-), 62% against g(+), and 47.3% against both g(-) and g(+) bacteria. dianthus coryophyllus was active against all tested g(-) and g(+) bacteria except micrococcus lu ... | 2004 | 15030933 |
| the lspb protein is involved in the secretion of the lspa1 and lspa2 proteins by haemophilus ducreyi. | the lspa1 and lspa2 proteins of haemophilus ducreyi 35000 are two very large macromolecules that can be detected in concentrated culture supernatant fluid. both of these proteins exhibit homology with the n-terminal region of the bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), which is involved in secretion of the latter macromolecule. the lspa2 open reading frame is flanked upstream by a gene, lspb, that encodes a predicted protein with homology to the b. pertussis fhac outer membrane pro ... | 2004 | 15039306 |
| antibody-mediated bacterial clearance from the lower respiratory tract of mice requires complement component c3. | to assess the contribution of complement to respiratory immunity in the context of a natural bacterial infection, we used mice genetically deficient in complement components and the murine pathogen bordetella bronchiseptica. complement component c3 was not required for the control of bacterial infection or for the generation of infection-induced protective immunity. however, c3-deficient (c3(-/-)) mice were severely defective, compared to wild type, in vaccine-induced protective immunity. adopti ... | 2004 | 14971044 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of cgt, the brucella abortus cyclic beta-1,2-glucan transporter gene, and its role in virulence. | the animal pathogen brucella abortus contains a gene cgt, which complemented sinorhizobium meliloti nodule development (ndva) and agrobacterium tumefaciens chromosomal virulence (chva) mutants. complemented strains recovered the presence of anionic cyclic beta-1,2-glucan, motility, tumor induction in a. tumefaciens, and nodule occupancy in s. meliloti, all traits strictly associated with the presence of cyclic beta-1,2-glucan in the periplasm. nucleotide sequencing revealed that b. abortus cgt c ... | 2004 | 15039351 |
| comparative genomics of gene-family size in closely related bacteria. | the wealth of genomic data in bacteria is helping microbiologists understand the factors involved in gene innovation. among these, the expansion and reduction of gene families appears to have a fundamental role in this, but the factors influencing gene family size are unclear. | 2004 | 15059260 |
| a 12-base-pair deletion in the flagellar master control gene flhc causes nonmotility of the pathogenic german sorbitol-fermenting escherichia coli o157:h- strains. | an atypical, stx2-producing, pathogenic escherichia coli o157:h(-) strain has been isolated with increasing frequency from hemolytic uremic syndrome patients in germany. the lack of the h7 antigen coupled with the strain's ability to ferment sorbitol and express beta-glucuronidase have complicated its detection and identification. in this study, we have determined that the loss of motility in these german sorbitol-fermenting (sf) o157 strains is due to a 12-bp in-frame deletion in flhc that is r ... | 2004 | 15060034 |
| urease-encoding genes in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. | many but not all ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (aob) produce urease (urea amidohydrolase, ec 3.5.1.5) and are capable of using urea for chemolithotrophic growth. we sequenced the urease operons from two aob, the beta-proteobacterium nitrosospira sp. strain npav and the gamma-proteobacterium nitrosococcus oceani. in both organisms, all seven urease genes were contiguous: the three structural urease genes ureabc were preceded and succeeded by the accessory genes ured and ureefg, respectively. green f ... | 2004 | 15066830 |
| controlled release of bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotoxin (bbd) vaccine from bbd-loaded chitosan microspheres in vitro. | chitosan microspheres were prepared by ionic gelation process with sodium sulfate for nasal vaccine delivery. bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotoxin (bbd) as a major virulence factor of a causative agent of atrophic rhinitis (ar) was loaded to the chitosan microspheres for vaccination. morphology of bbd-loaded chitosan microspheres was observed as spherical shapes. the average particle sizes of the bbd-loaded chitosan microspheres were about 2.69 microm. more bbd was released with an increase ... | 2004 | 15089042 |
| serological response to pasteurella multocida nanh sialidase in persistently colonized rabbits. | pasteurella multocida is a mucosal pathogen that colonizes the upper respiratory system of rabbits. respiratory infections can result, but the bacteria can also invade the circulatory system, producing abscesses or septicemia. p. multocida produces extracellular sialidase activity, which is believed to augment colonization of the respiratory tract and the production of lesions in an active infection. previously, it was demonstrated that some isolates of p. multocida contain two unique sialidase ... | 2004 | 15358639 |
| a signal-arrest-release sequence mediates export and control of the phage p1 endolysin. | the lyz endolysin of bacteriophage p1 was found to cause lysis of the host without a holin. induction of a plasmid-cloned lyz resulted in lysis, and the lytic event could be triggered prematurely by treatments that dissipate the proton-motive force. instead of requiring a holin, export was mediated by an n-terminal transmembrane domain (tmd) and required host sec function. exported lyz of identical sds/page mobility was found in both the membrane and periplasmic compartments, indicating that per ... | 2004 | 15090650 |
| suppression of serum antibody responses by pertussis toxin after respiratory tract colonization by bordetella pertussis and identification of an immunodominant lipoprotein. | pertussis toxin (pt), a virulence factor secreted by bordetella pertussis, contributes to respiratory tract infection and disease caused by this pathogen. by comparing a wild-type (wt) b. pertussis strain to a mutant strain with an in-frame deletion of the ptx genes encoding pt (deltapt), we recently found that the lack of pt confers a significant defect in respiratory tract colonization in mice after intranasal inoculation. in this study, we analyzed serum antibody responses in mice infected wi ... | 2004 | 15155640 |
| rapid and sensitive method using multiplex real-time pcr for diagnosis of infections by influenza a and influenza b viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4. | laboratory diagnosis of viral respiratory infections is generally performed by virus isolation in cell culture and immunofluorescent assays. reverse transcriptase pcr is now recognized as a sensitive and specific alternative for detection of respiratory rna viruses. a rapid real-time multiplex pcr assay was developed for the detection of influenza a and influenza b viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus 1 (piv1), piv2, piv3, and piv4 in a two-tube multiplex reactio ... | 2004 | 15071005 |
| pagp is required for resistance to antibody-mediated complement lysis during bordetella bronchiseptica respiratory infection. | to efficiently colonize and persist in the lower respiratory tract, bacteria must survive multiple host immune mechanisms. bordetella bronchiseptica is a gram-negative respiratory pathogen that naturally infects mice and persists in the lower respiratory tract for up to 49 days postinoculation. in this work, we examined the effect of mutation of the pagp gene on the persistence of b. bronchiseptica in the lower respiratory tract of mice. the pagp gene encodes a palmitoyl transferase that is resp ... | 2004 | 15102794 |
| pasteurella multocida toxin as a tool for studying gq signal transduction. | pasteurella multocida toxin (pmt) stimulates and subsequently uncouples phospholipase c (plc) signal transduction through its selective action on the galphaq subunit. this review summarizes what is currently known about the molecular action of pmt on gq and the resulting cellular effects. examples are presented illustrating the use of pmt as a powerful tool for dissecting the molecular mechanisms involving pertussis toxin (pt)-insensitive heterotrimeric g proteins. | 2004 | 15455260 |
| comparative genomics of the ftsk-hera superfamily of pumping atpases: implications for the origins of chromosome segregation, cell division and viral capsid packaging. | recently, it has been shown that a predicted p-loop atpase (the hera or mlaa protein), which is highly conserved in archaea and also present in many bacteria but absent in eukaryotes, has a bidirectional helicase activity and forms hexameric rings similar to those described for the trwb atpase. in this study, the ftsk-hera superfamily of p-loop atpases, in which the hera clade comprises one of the major branches, is analyzed in detail. we show that, in addition to the ftsk and hera clades, this ... | 2004 | 15466593 |
| cloning and functional analysis by gene disruption of a gene encoding a gamma-butyrolactone autoregulator receptor from kitasatospora setae. | gamma-butyrolactone autoregulator receptors of the genus streptomyces have a common activity as dna-binding transcriptional repressors, controlling secondary metabolism and/or morphological differentiation. a gene encoding a gamma-butyrolactone autoregulator receptor was cloned from a bafilomycin b1 producer, kitasatospora setae, for the first time from a non-streptomyces genus of actinomycetes, and its function was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo analyses. the gene fragment was initially clon ... | 2004 | 15150228 |
| the type iii secreted protein bopd in bordetella bronchiseptica is complexed with bopb for pore formation on the host plasma membrane. | the cytotoxicity of bordetella bronchiseptica to infected cells is known to be dependent on a b. bronchiseptica type iii secretion system. although bopb, bopn, bopd, and bsp22 have been identified as type iii secreted proteins, these proteins remain to be characterized. in this study, in order to clarify the function of bopd during bordetella infection, a bopd mutant was generated. although secretion of bopd into the culture supernatant was completely abolished by the bopd mutation, the secretio ... | 2004 | 15175294 |
| [comparison of antimicrobial resistance pattern of selected respiratory tract pathogens isolated from different animal species]. | the antibiotic resistance pattern of respiratory tract pathogens isolated of different animal species suffering from respiratory tract diseases has been investigated by antibiograms performed by agar diffusion test. the results show that the resistance situation in switzerland is favourable compared with studies from other countries. however, high resistance rates were found in certain species: 61% of streptococcus spp. were resistant to erythromycin and 44% to tetracycline, 59% of bordetella br ... | 2004 | 15481587 |
| identification of an outer membrane protein required for the transport of lipopolysaccharide to the bacterial cell surface. | lipopolysaccharide (lps), also known as endotoxin due to its severe pathophysiological effects in infected subjects, is an essential component of the outer membrane (om) of most gram-negative bacteria. lps is synthesized in the bacterial inner membrane, a process that is now well understood. in contrast, the mechanism of its transport to the outer leaflet of the om has remained enigmatic. we demonstrate here that the om protein, known as increased membrane permeability (imp) or organic solvent t ... | 2004 | 15192148 |
| identification of burkholderia cenocepacia genes required for bacterial survival in vivo. | burkholderia cenocepacia (formerly burkholderia cepacia complex genomovar iii) causes chronic lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. in this work, we used a modified signature-tagged mutagenesis (stm) strategy for the isolation of b. cenocepacia mutants that cannot survive in vivo. thirty-seven specialized plasposons, each carrying a unique oligonucleotide tag signature, were constructed and used to examine the survival of 2,627 b. cenocepacia transposon mutants, arranged in pools of ... | 2004 | 15213146 |
| the homogentisate pathway: a central catabolic pathway involved in the degradation of l-phenylalanine, l-tyrosine, and 3-hydroxyphenylacetate in pseudomonas putida. | pseudomonas putida metabolizes phe and tyr through a peripheral pathway involving hydroxylation of phe to tyr (phhab), conversion of tyr into 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (tyrb), and formation of homogentisate (hpd) as the central intermediate. homogentisate is then catabolized by a central catabolic pathway that involves three enzymes, homogentisate dioxygenase (hmga), fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (hmgb), and maleylacetoacetate isomerase (hmgc), finally yielding fumarate and acetoacetate. whereas t ... | 2004 | 15262943 |
| genomic and genetic analysis of bordetella bacteriophages encoding reverse transcriptase-mediated tropism-switching cassettes. | liu et al. recently described a group of related temperate bacteriophages that infect bordetella subspecies and undergo a unique template-dependent, reverse transcriptase-mediated tropism switching phenomenon (liu et al., science 295: 2091-2094, 2002). tropism switching results from the introduction of single nucleotide substitutions at defined locations in the vr1 (variable region 1) segment of the mtd (major tropism determinant) gene, which determines specificity for receptors on host bacteria ... | 2004 | 14973019 |
| airways infection with virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis delays the influx of dendritic cells and the expression of costimulatory molecules in mediastinal lymph nodes. | despite tuberculosis resurgence and extensive dendritic cell (dc) research, there are no in vivo studies evaluating dc within regional lymphoid tissue during airways infection with virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) h37rv. using dc-specific antibodies, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and ziehl-neelsen (zn) for bacilli staining, we searched for mtb and dc changes within mediastinal lymph nodes, after intratracheal (itt) inoculation of virulent mtb. zn and immunocytochemistry in frozen ... | 2004 | 15270738 |
| icm/dot-independent entry of legionella pneumophila into amoeba and macrophage hosts. | legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of legionnaires' disease, expresses a type ivb secretion apparatus that translocates bacterial proteins into amoeba and macrophage hosts. when stationary-phase cultures are used to infect hosts, the type ivb apparatus encoded by the icm/dot genes is required for entry, delay of phagosome-lysosome fusion, and intracellular multiplication within host cells. null mutants with mutations in icm/dot genes are defective in these phenotypes. here a new model i ... | 2004 | 15271914 |
| a hydrocarbon ruler measures palmitate in the enzymatic acylation of endotoxin. | the ability of enzymes to distinguish between fatty acyl groups can involve molecular measuring devices termed hydrocarbon rulers, but the molecular basis for acyl-chain recognition in any membrane-bound enzyme remains to be defined. pagp is an outer membrane acyltransferase that helps pathogenic bacteria to evade the host immune response by transferring a palmitate chain from a phospholipid to lipid a (endotoxin). pagp can distinguish lipid acyl chains that differ by a single methylene unit, in ... | 2004 | 15272304 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of dutch bordetella pertussis strains reveals rapid genetic changes with clonal expansion during the late 1990s. | bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, has remained endemic in the netherlands despite extensive nationwide vaccination since 1953. in the 1990s, several epidemic periods have resulted in many cases of pertussis. we have proposed that strain variation has played a major role in the upsurges of this disease in the netherlands. therefore, molecular characterization of strains is important in identifying the causes of pertussis epidemiology. for this reason, we have developed ... | 2004 | 15292152 |
| use of florfenicol in non-human primates. | studies were undertaken to determine if florfenicol, an antimicrobial agent structurally similar to chloramphenicol, could be used as an effective broad spectrum antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections in primates. florfenicol was developed as an injectable antibiotic for use in cattle on an every other day dosing schedule. its broad spectrum activity, long duration of action following i.m. administration, and its safety as compared with chloramphenicol made it an attractive antibio ... | 2004 | 15102069 |
| the rmint1 group ii intron has two different retrohoming pathways for mobility using predominantly the nascent lagging strand at dna replication forks for priming. | sinorhizobium meliloti rmint1 is an efficient mobile group ii intron that uses an unknown reverse transcriptase priming mechanism as the intron ribonucleoprotein complex can reverse splice into dna target substrates but cannot carry out site-specific second strand cleavage due to the lack of a c-terminal dna endonuclease domain. we show here that, like other mobile group ii introns, rmint1 moves around by an efficient rna-based retrohoming mechanism. we found evidence of two distinct rmint1 retr ... | 2004 | 15155857 |
| a placebo-controlled trial of two intranasal vaccines to prevent tracheobronchitis (kennel cough) in dogs entering a humane shelter. | a placebo-controlled field trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of intranasal (in) vaccines containing bordetella bronchiseptica and canine-parainfluenza virus, with (in-bpa) or without (in-bp) canine-adenovirus type 2, for prevention of kennel cough at a humane shelter. dogs were examined on admission to the shelter and those without respiratory signs of disease were assigned daily, on a rotating basis, to receive one of three vaccines. we enrolled 972 healthy dogs. dogs were monito ... | 2004 | 15156996 |
| evolutionary relationships of fusobacterium nucleatum based on phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics. | the phylogenetic position and evolutionary relationships of fusobacteria remain uncertain. especially intriguing is their relatedness to low g+c gram positive bacteria (firmicutes) by ribosomal molecular phylogenies, but their possession of a typical gram negative outer membrane. taking advantage of the recent completion of the fusobacterium nucleatum genome sequence we have examined the evolutionary relationships of fusobacterium genes by phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics tools. | 2004 | 15566569 |
| canine distemper and related diseases: report of a severe outbreak in a kennel. | an outbreak of canine distemper in a kennel of german shepherds in the province of bari is reported. six 42-day-old pups developed typical signs of canine distemper (fever, conjunctivitis, respiratory distress and enteritis) and died within 7-10 days. neurological symptoms were observed only in one pup. four additional pups, which had shown no sign of illness, were separated and vaccinated, but two of these developed a severe, fatal nervous form 15 days later. post-mortem examination, carried ou ... | 2004 | 15164629 |
| the bvg virulence control system regulates biofilm formation in bordetella bronchiseptica. | bordetella species utilize the bvgas (bordetella virulence gene) two-component signal transduction system to sense the environment and regulate gene expression among at least three phases: a virulent bvg+ phase, a nonvirulent bvg- phase, and an intermediate bvgi phase. genes expressed in the bvg+ phase encode known virulence factors, including adhesins such as filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) and fimbriae, as well as toxins such as the bifunctional adenylate cyclase/hemolysin (acy). previous stud ... | 2004 | 15317773 |
| evaluation of antibacterial properties of some medicinal plants used in iran. | forty-five species of 29 plant families used in the traditional medicine by iranian people, showed antibacterial activities against one or more of the bacterial species: bacillus cereus, bacillus pumilus, bordetella bronchiseptica, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, micrococcus luteus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas fluorescens, serratia marcescens, staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis. no plant showed activity against serratia marcescens; bordetella bronchiseptica bei ... | 2004 | 15325735 |
| [the prevalence of antimicrobial susceptibility of veterinary pathogens isolated from cattle and pigs: national antibiotic resistance monitoring 2002/2003 of the bvl]. | the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring determines the current quantitative resistance level of life-stock pathogens, in order to permit the evaluation and surveillance of the distribution of resistances on a valid basis. during the examination period from june 2002 to july 2003, a total of 1849 pathogens was collected, following a representative german-wide pattern in collaboration with 29 laboratories. the selection of examined bacterial strains included different specimen causing res ... | 2004 | 15584430 |
| ciliostasis is a key early event during colonization of canine tracheal tissue by bordetella bronchiseptica. | the primary site of infection for bordetella bronchiseptica, bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis is the ciliated respiratory epithelium. previous studies have implicated adherence of bacteria to cilia, induction of mucus production, induction of ciliostasis and damage to the ciliated epithelium in bordetella pathogenesis. this paper describes the use of an air-interface organ culture system using canine tracheal tissue infected with b. bronchiseptica to assess the temporal relation ... | 2004 | 15347744 |
| complete genomic sequence of bacteriophage b3, a mu-like phage of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | bacteriophage b3 is a transposable phage of pseudomonas aeruginosa. in this report, we present the complete dna sequence and annotation of the b3 genome. dna sequence analysis revealed that the b3 genome is 38,439 bp long with a g+c content of 63.3%. the genome contains 59 proposed open reading frames (orfs) organized into at least three operons. of these orfs, the predicted proteins from 41 orfs (68%) display significant similarity to other phage or bacterial proteins. many of the predicted b3 ... | 2004 | 15375138 |
| strain-dependent role of brka during bordetella pertussis infection of the murine respiratory tract. | bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, expresses many virulence factors believed to be involved in infection and disease progression. while these factors as a group are required for infection, deletion of individual virulence factor genes generally has limited effects on the ability of b. pertussis to efficiently infect the respiratory tract of mice, suggesting they may perform noncritical or redundant functions. we have recently observed that a b. pertussis strain, putativ ... | 2004 | 15385494 |
| longitudinal study of viruses associated with canine infectious respiratory disease. | in this investigation a population of dogs at a rehoming center was monitored over a period of 2 years. despite regular vaccination of incoming dogs against distemper, canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), and canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), respiratory disease was endemic. tissue samples from the respiratory tract as well as paired serum samples were collected for analysis. the development of pcr assays for the detection of cpiv, canine adenovirus types 1 and 2, and canine herpesvirus (chv) is d ... | 2004 | 15472304 |
| lower respiratory tract infections in cats: 21 cases (1995-2000). | twenty-one lower respiratory tract infections diagnosed in cats at university of sydney veterinary centre between 1995 and 2000 were identified retrospectively. patient records were analysed to determine historical, clinical, clinicopathologic and radiographic features of lower respiratory tract infections. response to therapy was also assessed. infectious agents identified were mycoplasma spp., pasteurella spp., bordetella bronchiseptica, salmonella typhimurium, pseudomonas sp., mycobacterium t ... | 2004 | 15135354 |
| a retrospective analysis of feline bronchoalveolar lavage cytology and microbiology (1995-2000). | a retrospective study of 88 bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from 80 cats presenting to the university of sydney veterinary centre between 1995 and 2000 was performed. bronchoalveolar lavage cytology and microbiology in conjunction with other diagnostic aids and patient records were used to classify cases as lower respiratory tract infections (ltris), lrti revisits, feline bronchial disease, cardiac disease, neoplastic disease and multisystemic disease. cases for which a definitive diagnosis cou ... | 2004 | 15135356 |
| detection of campylobacter spp. in chicken fecal samples by real-time pcr. | a real-time pcr assay for detecting thermophilic campylobacter spp. directly in chicken feces has been developed. dna was isolated from fecal material by using magnetic beads followed by pcr with a prealiquoted pcr mixture, which had been stored at -18 degrees c. campylobacter could be detected in less than 4 h, with a detection limit of 100 to 150 cfu/ml, in a fecal suspension. a bacterial internal control was added before dna extraction to control both dna isolation and the presence of pcr inh ... | 2004 | 15528705 |
| mitochondrial cytochrome c1 is a collapsed di-heme cytochrome. | cytochrome c(1) from mitochondrial complex iii and the di-heme cytochromes c in the corresponding enzyme from epsilon-proteobacteria have so far been considered to represent unrelated cytochromes. a missing link protein discovered in the genome of the hyperthermophilic bacterium aquifex aeolicus, however, provides evidence for a close evolutionary relationship between these two cytochromes. the mono-heme cytochrome c(1) from a. aeolicus contains stretches of strong sequence homology toward the e ... | 2004 | 15591339 |
| prediction of dtxr regulon: identification of binding sites and operons controlled by diphtheria toxin repressor in corynebacterium diphtheriae. | the diphtheria toxin repressor, dtxr, of corynebacterium diphtheriae has been shown to be an iron-activated transcription regulator that controls not only the expression of diphtheria toxin but also of iron uptake genes. this study aims to identify putative binding sites and operons controlled by dtxr to understand the role of dtxr in patho-physiology of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 2004 | 15447793 |
| [bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in patients with hiv]. | 2004 | 15482696 | |
| the bfer regulator mediates enterobactin-inducible expression of bordetella enterobactin utilization genes. | utilization of the enterobactin siderophore by the respiratory pathogens bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica is dependent on the bfea outer membrane receptor. this study determined that production of bfea was increased significantly in iron-starved bacteria upon supplementation of cultures with enterobactin. a 1.01-kb open reading frame, designated bfer, encoding a predicted positive transcriptional regulator of the arac family was identified upstream and divergently oriented from ... | 2004 | 15489442 |
| toll-like receptor 4-dependent early elicited tumor necrosis factor alpha expression is critical for innate host defense against bordetella bronchiseptica. | toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) mediates the response to lipopolysaccharide, and its activation induces the expression of a large number of inflammatory genes, many of which are also induced by other pathogen-associated molecular patterns. interestingly, the subset of genes that are dependent on tlr4 for optimal expression during gram-negative bacterial infection has not been determined. we have previously shown that tlr4-deficient mice rapidly develop acute pneumonia after inoculation with bordetel ... | 2004 | 15501798 |
| bordetella type iii secretion and adenylate cyclase toxin synergize to drive dendritic cells into a semimature state. | bordetella bronchiseptica establishes persistent infection of the murine respiratory tract. we hypothesize that long-term colonization is mediated in part by bacteria-driven modulation of dendritic cells (dcs) leading to altered adaptive immune responses. bone marrow-derived dcs (bmdcs) from c57bl/6 mice infected with live b. bronchiseptica exhibited high surface expression of mhcii, cd86, and cd80. however, b. bronchiseptica-infected bmdcs did not exhibit significant increases in cd40 surface e ... | 2004 | 15265927 |
| identification of two mycobacterium marinum loci that affect interactions with macrophages. | mycobacterium marinum is closely related to mycobacterium tuberculosis, the cause of tuberculosis in humans. m. marinum has become an important model system for the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in causing tuberculosis in humans. through molecular genetic analysis of the differences between pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacteria, we identified two loci that affect the ability of m. marinum to infect macrophages, designated mel(1) and mel(2). in silico analyses of the 11 putative ... | 2004 | 15557611 |