Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| helicobacter pylori uses motility for initial colonization and to attain robust infection. | helicobacter pylori has been shown to require flagella for infection of the stomach. to analyze whether flagella themselves or motility is needed by these pathogens, we constructed flagellated nonmotile mutants. this was accomplished by using both an insertion mutant and an in-frame deletion of the motb gene. in vitro, these mutants retain flagella (fla(+)) but are nonmotile (mot(-)). by using fvb/n mice, we found that these mutants had reduced ability to infect mice in comparison to that of the ... | 2002 | 11895962 |
| evaluation of vaccines for atrophic rhinitis--a comparison of three challenge models. | we compared three challenge models for the assessment of atrophic rhinitis (ar) vaccines: combined infection with bordetella bronchiseptica (bb) and pasteurella multocida (pm); application of acetic acid (aa) to the nasal mucosa followed by pm infection; and bb infection alone. two vaccines were tested using standardized criteria, notably nasal lesion scores. the vaccines provided different levels of protection in the bb and the aa/pm challenges, but were similar in the combined (bb/pm) challeng ... | 2002 | 11906767 |
| ribosomal dna-directed pcr for identification of achromobacter (alcaligenes) xylosoxidans recovered from sputum samples from cystic fibrosis patients. | the opportunistic human pathogen achromobacter (alcaligenes) xylosoxidans has been recovered with increasing frequency from respiratory tract culture of persons with cystic fibrosis (cf). however, confusion of this species with other closely related respiratory pathogens has limited studies to better elucidate its epidemiology, natural history, and pathogenic role in cf. misidentification of a. xylosoxidans as burkholderia cepacia complex is especially problematic and presents a challenge to eff ... | 2002 | 11923333 |
| dsba and dsbc are required for secretion of pertussis toxin by bordetella pertussis. | the dsb family of enzymes catalyzes disulfide bond formation in the gram-negative periplasm, which is required for folding and assembly of many secreted proteins. pertussis toxin is arguably the most complex toxin known: it is assembled from six subunits encoded by five genes (for subunits s1 to s5), with 11 intramolecular disulfide bonds. to examine the role of the dsb enzymes in assembly and secretion of pertussis toxin, we identified and mutated the bordetella pertussis dsba, dsbb, and dsbc h ... | 2002 | 11953363 |
| comparative and genetic analyses of the putative vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharide biosynthesis (wav) gene cluster. | we identified five different putative wav gene cluster types, which are responsible for the synthesis of the core oligosaccharide (os) region of vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide. preliminary evidence that the genes encoded by this cluster are involved in core os biosynthesis came from analysis of the recently released o1 el tor v. cholerae genome sequence and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of o1 el tor mutant strains defective in three genes (waaf, waal, and ... | 2002 | 11953379 |
| cloning of escherichia coli lacz and lacy genes and their expression in gluconobacter oxydans and acetobacter liquefaciens. | an efficient transformation protocol for gluconobacter oxydans and acetobacter liquefaciens strains was developed by preparation of electrocompetent cells grown on yeast extract-ethanol medium. plasmid pbbr122 was used as broad-host-range vector to clone the escherichia coli laczy genes in g. oxydans and a. liquefaciens. although both lac genes were functionally expressed in both acetic acid bacteria, only a few transformants were able to grow on lactose. however, this ability strictly depended ... | 2002 | 11976147 |
| evaluation of non-cyanobacterial genome sequences for occurrence of genes encoding proteins homologous to cyanophycin synthetase and cloning of an active cyanophycin synthetase from acinetobacter sp. strain dsm 587. | all publicly accessible microbial genome databases were searched for the occurrence of genes encoding proteins homologous to the cyanophycin synthetase (cpha) of synechocystis sp. strain pcc 6803 in order to reveal the capability of microorganisms not belonging to the cyanobacteria to synthesize cyanophycin. among 65 genome sequences, genes homologous to cpha were found in acinetobacter sp. strain adp1 (encoding a protein homologous to cpha with 40% amino acid identity), bordetella bronchiseptic ... | 2002 | 11976746 |
| real-time lightcycler pcr for detection and discrimination of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis. | real-time pcr assays based on the lightcycler technology were developed for individual (simplex pcr) and simultaneous (duplex pcr) detection and discrimination of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis in clinical samples. the assays were evaluated with 113 specimens from patients with and without symptoms of pertussis. results were compared to those from conventional culture and taqman real-time pcr. the analytical sensitivity ranged from 0.1 to 10 cfu for b. pertussis and b. paraper ... | 2002 | 11980949 |
| comparative evaluation of the bd phoenix and vitek 2 automated instruments for identification of isolates of the burkholderia cepacia complex. | we evaluated two new automated identification systems, the bd phoenix (becton dickinson) and the vitek 2 (biomérieux), for identification of isolates of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc). the test sample included 42 isolates of the highly virulent and epidemic genomovar iii, 45 isolates of b. multivorans, and 47 isolates of other members of the bcc. rates of correct identification by the bd phoenix and vitek 2 were similar when all bcc isolates were considered (50 and 53%, respectively) but ... | 2002 | 11980954 |
| base-specific fragmentation of amplified 16s rrna genes analyzed by mass spectrometry: a tool for rapid bacterial identification. | a rapid approach to the 16s rrna gene (16s rdna)-based bacterial identification has been developed that combines uracil-dna-glycosylase (udg)-mediated base-specific fragmentation of pcr products with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms). 16s rdna signature sequences were pcr-amplified from both cultured and as-yet-uncultured bacteria in the presence of dutp instead of dttp. these pcr products then were immobilized onto a streptavidin-coated ... | 2002 | 11983869 |
| studies of the efficacy of a novel intranasal vaccine against feline bordetellosis. | a novel intranasal vaccine against disease caused by bordetella bronchiseptica in cats was tested in a series of three experiments. in the first experiment a vaccinated group and an unvaccinated control group of kittens were challenged by the aerosol route with virulent b bronchiseptica three weeks after they had been vaccinated. the control kittens developed upper respiratory tract signs typical of feline b bronchiseptica infection, including rhinitis, a serous ocular and nasal discharge, fever ... | 2002 | 11993973 |
| use of a rationally attenuated bordetella bronchiseptica as a live mucosal vaccine and vector for heterologous antigens. | inactivation of the aroa gene of bordetella bronchiseptica severely impaired its ability to colonise the respiratory tract of mice. the b. bronchiseptica aroa mutant was investigated as a live vaccine and vector for heterologous antigens. the b. bronchiseptica aroa mutant expressing the non-toxic fragment c (frgc) of tetanus toxin (strain gvb120) was used to immunise mice intranasally. immunised mice produced a strong serum and mucosal antibody response to b. bronchiseptica and serum anti-frgc a ... | 2002 | 12009288 |
| protection of piglets against atrophic rhinitis by vaccinating the sow with a vaccine against pasteurella multocida and bordetella bronchiseptica. | the efficacy of a new vaccine against atrophic rhinitis in pigs was tested in the netherlands and denmark. the vaccine contained protein do (a truncated pasteurella multocida toxin which is immunogenic and non-toxic), inactivated bordetella bronchiseptica whole cells, and an adjuvant. the sows were either vaccinated intramuscularly with 2 ml of the vaccine at six to eight and two to four weeks before expected farrowing or left unvaccinated as controls. all the piglets were challenged intranasall ... | 2002 | 12019649 |
| low-volume jet injection for intradermal immunization in rabbits. | this study tested a low-volume (20-30 microl/20-30 microg dna) jet injection method for intradermal delivery of a dna vaccine. jet injection offers the advantages of a needle-less system, low-cost, rapid preparation of the injected dna solution, and a simple delivery system. more than one construct can be injected simultaneously and the method may be combined with adjuvants. | 2002 | 12028591 |
| pneumonia due to bordetella bronchiseptica in a cystic fibrosis patient: 16s rrna sequencing for diagnosis confirmation. | bordetella bronchiseptica was identified as an unusual etiologic agent of pulmonary recurrent exacerbations and pneumonia in a cystic fibrosis (cf) patient by utilizing a 16s rrna molecular kit in our hospital's clinical laboratory. this method appears to be a useful approach for identifying new emerging cf pathogens when discrepancies exist between phenotypical tests. | 2002 | 12037116 |
| lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. | bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) typically consist of a hydrophobic domain known as lipid a (or endotoxin), a nonrepeating "core" oligosaccharide, and a distal polysaccharide (or o-antigen). recent genomic data have facilitated study of lps assembly in diverse gram-negative bacteria, many of which are human or plant pathogens, and have established the importance of lateral gene transfer in generating structural diversity of o-antigens. many enzymes of lipid a biosynthesis like lpxc have been ... | 2002 | 12045108 |
| lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. | bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) typically consist of a hydrophobic domain known as lipid a (or endotoxin), a nonrepeating "core" oligosaccharide, and a distal polysaccharide (or o-antigen). recent genomic data have facilitated study of lps assembly in diverse gram-negative bacteria, many of which are human or plant pathogens, and have established the importance of lateral gene transfer in generating structural diversity of o-antigens. many enzymes of lipid a biosynthesis like lpxc have been ... | 2002 | 12045108 |
| functional interaction of region 4 of the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor feci with the cytoplasmic portion of the fecr transmembrane protein of the escherichia coli ferric citrate transport system. | transcriptional regulation of the ferric citrate transport genes of escherichia coli is initiated by the binding of ferric citrate to the outer membrane protein feca. this binding elicits a signal that is transmitted by fecr across the cytoplasmic membrane into the cytoplasm, where the sigma factor feci directs the rna polymerase to the promoter upstream of the fecabcde genes. an in vivo deletion analysis using a bacterial two-hybrid system assigned the interaction of the fecr and feci proteins ... | 2002 | 12057967 |
| antimicrobial studies on three species of hypericum from the canary islands. | the antimicrobial activity of several extracts and fractions of the aerial parts of hypericum canariense, hypericum glandulosum and hypericum grandifolium was investigated using the disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods against twelve reference microorganisms (eight bacterial and four fungal strains). the methanol extract and chloroform fraction of h. canariense, as well as the methanol extracts, butanol and chloroform fractions of both h. glandulosum and h. grandifolium exhibited a goo ... | 2002 | 12065165 |
| identification of a receptor-binding domain of bordetella dermonecrotic toxin. | bordetella dermonecrotic toxin (dnt) stimulates the assembly of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions by deamidating or polyaminating gln63 of the small gtpase rho. dnt is an a-b toxin which is composed of an n-terminal receptor-binding (b) domain and a c-terminal enzymatically active (a) domain. in this study, to analyze the functional and structural organization of dnt, we prepared 10 clones of hybridoma producing anti-dnt monoclonal antibodies. one of these antibodies, 2b3, neutralized the ... | 2002 | 12065482 |
| molecular epidemiology of feline bordetellosis in two animal shelters in california, usa. | "kennel cough" in dogs in animal shelters is readily transmissible, reduces adoption rates, and commonly leads to the euthanasia of affected dogs. in cats, tracheobronchitis, conjunctivitis, and pneumonia have been associated with bordetella bronchiseptica infection-but most cases of upper-respiratory infection (uri) probably are caused by herpesvirus and calicivirus, and many b. bronchiseptica culture-positive cats are clinically normal. our prospective observational study was undertaken to doc ... | 2002 | 12069777 |
| mucosal immunoadjuvant activity of the low toxic recombinant escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin produced by bacillus brevis for the bacterial subunit or component vaccine in pigs and cattle. | a gene encoding the mature escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) lacking the nick site in the a subunit by deleting tripeptides was introduced in a vector pnh301 and expressed extracellularly as mutant molecule of holotoxin at high levels in bacilus brevis hpd31-s5 of the host bacterium. the mucosal adjuvant activities of the produced mutant lt (mlt) preparation were studied in pigs and cattle. intranasal immunization of pigs with the recombinant subunit vaccine of erysipelothrix rhusiop ... | 2002 | 12072249 |
| a repressor protein, phar, regulates polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthesis via its direct interaction with pha. | phasins (phap) are predominantly polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) granule-associated proteins that positively affect pha synthesis. recently, we reported that the phar gene, which is located downstream of phap in paracoccus denitrificans, codes for a negative regulator involved in phap expression. in this study, dnase i footprinting revealed that phar specifically binds to two regions located upstream of phap and phar, suggesting that phar plays a role in the regulation of phap expression as well as a ... | 2002 | 12081972 |
| identification and genomic organization of gene loci negatively controlled by the virulence regulatory bvgas two-component system in bordetella bronchiseptica. | the two-component system bvgas positively controls transcription of the virulence genes of bordetella pertussis and b. bronchiseptica, which include several genes for toxins and adhesins. on the other hand, the bvgas system negatively controls the expression of a poorly characterized set of genes, the so-called virulence repressed ( vrg) genes. to investigate the function of this group of genes and their relationship to virulence, we identified several novel vrg genes of b. bronchiseptica via th ... | 2002 | 12111560 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of genes for shigella sonnei form i o polysaccharide: proposed biosynthetic pathway and stable expression in a live salmonella vaccine vector. | the gene region for biosynthesis of shigella sonnei form i o polysaccharide (o-ps) and flanking sequences, totaling >18 kb, was characterized by deletion analysis to define a minimal construct for development of salmonella-based live vaccine vector strains. lipopolysaccharide (lps) expression and dna sequence studies of plasmid deletion derivatives indicated form i o-ps expression from a 12.3-kb region containing a putative promoter and 10 contiguous open reading frames (orfs), one of which is t ... | 2002 | 12117952 |
| distribution of fim3 and flaa ttge sequence types amongst isolates of bordetella bronchiseptica from different host animals. | isolates of bordetella bronchiseptica associated with different animal hosts were analysed by fim3 and flaa genotyping by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (ttge). all the isolates from cats (n = 138), dogs (n = 42) and pigs (n = 13) could be assigned to one of two fim3 and one of three flaa ttge sequence types, respectively. two avian isolates and a marmoset isolate exhibited novel fim3 sequence types. dominant but different ttge sequence types were apparent in isolates from dog ... | 2002 | 12132771 |
| regulation of riboflavin biosynthesis and transport genes in bacteria by transcriptional and translational attenuation. | the riboflavin biosynthesis in bacteria was analyzed using comparative analysis of genes, operons and regulatory elements. a model for regulation based on formation of alternative rna structures involving the rfn elements is suggested. in gram-positive bacteria including actinomycetes, thermotoga, thermus and deinococcus, the riboflavin metabolism and transport genes are predicted to be regulated by transcriptional attenuation, whereas in most gram-negative bacteria, the riboflavin biosynthesis ... | 2002 | 12136096 |
| diagnosis of community-acquired pertussis infection: comparison of both culture and fluorescent-antibody assays with pcr detection using electrophoresis or dot blot hybridization. | diagnosis of bordetella pertussis infection has been difficult due to the low sensitivity of culture. pcr tests have been shown to be more sensitive than culture, but the reported sensitivity of pcr is variable. we evaluated pcr product detection by using either agarose gel electrophoresis (pcr-gel) or dot blot hybridization with (32)p-labeled oligonucleotide probes, and we compared these methods to both culture and direct fluorescent-antibody (dfa) assays with microscopy for the detection of pe ... | 2002 | 12149350 |
| dna fingerprinting of pasteurella multocida recovered from avian sources. | repetitive sequence-based pcr (rep-pcr) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) were used to characterize a sample of 43 field isolates and 4 attenuated vaccine strains of pasteurella multocida recovered from multiple avian species. both rep-pcr and aflp assays were rapid and reproducible, with high indices of discrimination. concordance analyses of rep-pcr and aflp with somatic serotyping indicate that, in general, somatic serotyping is a poor indicator of genetic relatedness among is ... | 2002 | 12149370 |
| cavitary pneumonia in an aids patient caused by an unusual bordetella bronchiseptica variant producing reduced amounts of pertactin and other major antigens. | although bordetella bronchiseptica can infect and colonize immunocompromised humans, its role as a primary pathogen in pneumonia and other respiratory processes affecting those patients remains controversial. a case of cavitary pneumonia caused by b. bronchiseptica in an aids patient is presented, and the basis of the seemingly enhanced pathogenic potential of this isolate (designated 814) is investigated. b. bronchiseptica was the only microorganism recovered from sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage ... | 2002 | 12202545 |
| distribution of environmentally regulated genes of streptococcus suis serotype 2 among s. suis serotypes and other organisms. | the occurrence of 36 environmentally regulated genes of streptococcus suis strain 10 among all 35 s. suis serotypes was determined by using hybridization with the amplified genes as probes. in addition, the distribution of these genes among the virulence phenotypes of serotypes 1 and 2 was assessed. hybridization was also performed with various other streptococcal species and nonstreptococcal bacterial species which may be present in pigs. interestingly, probe ivs-25/iri-1, similar to agra and s ... | 2002 | 12202563 |
| type iii secretion systems and the evolution of mutualistic endosymbiosis. | the view that parasites can develop cooperative symbiotic relationships with their hosts is both appealing and widely held; however, there is no molecular genetic evidence of such a transition. here we demonstrate that a mutualistic bacterial endosymbiont of grain weevils maintains and expresses inv/spa genes encoding a type iii secretion system homologous to that used for invasion by bacterial pathogens. phylogenetic analyses indicate that inv/spa genes were present in presymbiotic ancestors of ... | 2002 | 12213957 |
| dynamic diversity of the tryptophan pathway in chlamydiae: reductive evolution and a novel operon for tryptophan recapture. | complete genomic sequences of closely related organisms, such as the chlamydiae, afford the opportunity to assess significant strain differences against a background of many shared characteristics. the chlamydiae are ubiquitous intracellular parasites that are important pathogens of humans and other organisms. tryptophan limitation caused by production of interferon-gamma by the host and subsequent induction of indoleamine dioxygenase is a key aspect of the host-parasite interaction. it appears ... | 2002 | 12225590 |
| bhur, a virulence-associated outer membrane protein of bordetella avium, is required for the acquisition of iron from heme and hemoproteins. | iron (fe) is an essential element for most organisms which must be obtained from the local environment. in the case of pathogenic bacteria, this fundamental element must be acquired from the fluids and tissues of the infected host. a variety of systems have evolved in bacteria for efficient acquisition of host-bound fe. the gram-negative bacterium bordetella avium, upon colonization of the avian upper respiratory tract, produces a disease in birds that has striking similarity to whooping cough, ... | 2002 | 12228263 |
| nonpeptide antagonists of at1 receptor for angiotensin ii delay the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome. | we have previously reported that losartan, a selective antagonist of at1 receptors for angiotensin ii (aii), strongly suppresses the activation of neutrophils by n-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fmlp) through a mechanism that does not involve inhibition of at1 receptors. herein, we analyze whether losartan would prevent the development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) triggered by lung bacterial infection. we found that losartan (0.2-200 microg/kg/min) delays the onset of ... | 2002 | 12235231 |
| bordetella bronchiseptica pleural infection in a patient with aids. | bordetella bronchiseptica is an important veterinary pathogen but a rare cause of opportunistic respiratory tract infection in humans. we describe a case of pleural effusion caused by b. bronchiseptica in a patient with aids who was coinfected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. to the best of our knowledge this is the first case in the medical literature in which the microorganism has been isolated from pleural fluid. | 2002 | 12238585 |
| development of a multilocus sequence typing scheme for the pig pathogen streptococcus suis: identification of virulent clones and potential capsular serotype exchange. | streptococcus suis is an important pathogen of pigs and occasionally causes serious human disease. however, little is known about the s. suis population structure, the clonal relationships between strains, the potential of particular clones to cause disease, and the relevance of serotype as a marker for epidemiology. here we describe a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for s. suis developed in order to begin to address these issues. seven housekeeping gene fragments from each of 294 s. su ... | 2002 | 12354864 |
| ability of the microscan rapid gram-negative id type 3 panel to identify nonenteric glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. | the microscan rapid neg id3 panel is designed for the identification of enterobacteriaceae and nonenteric glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. we evaluated this panel for its ability to identify gram-negative non-enterobacteriaceae bacteria. a total of 134 strains, representing 26 genera and 42 species, were taken from storage at -70(o)c, passaged three times before testing, and inoculated into the panels according to the manufacturer's directions before being inserted int ... | 2002 | 12354875 |
| primary dendritic cells phagocytose cryptococcus neoformans via mannose receptors and fcgamma receptor ii for presentation to t lymphocytes. | different "professional" antigen-presenting cells (apc) have unique characteristics that favor or restrict presentation of microbial antigens to t cells, depending on the organism. cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic yeast that presents unique challenges to apc, including its large size, its rigid cell wall, and its ability to stimulate t cells as a mitogen. t-cell proliferation in response to the c. neoformans mitogen (cnm) requires phagocytosis and processing of the organisms by accessory ... | 2002 | 12379672 |
| experimental airborne transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and bordetella bronchiseptica. | experiments were designed to determine if porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) or bordetella bronchiseptica could be transmitted through indirect airborne contact. three principal pigs were infected with prrsv, b. bronchiseptica or both. five days after the principal pigs were challenged, the three principal pigs and one direct-contact pig were placed into one isolation tent together, and three indirect-contact pigs were placed into another isolation tent which received it ... | 2002 | 12383636 |
| differential regulation of the bordetella bipa gene: distinct roles for different bvga binding sites. | the bvgas signal transduction system of bordetella controls an entire spectrum of gene expression states in response to differences in environmental conditions. in particular, the bordetella bvg-intermediate-phase gene bipa displays a complex regulatory pattern in response to various concentrations of modulators. expression of bipa is low in the absence of modulating signals, maximal at intermediate concentrations of modulators, and near background levels at high concentrations of modulators. bi ... | 2002 | 12446644 |
| alcaligin siderophore production by bordetella bronchiseptica strain rb50 is not repressed by the bvgas virulence control system. | a previous study found that alcaligin siderophore production by bordetella bronchiseptica strain rb50 is bvg repressed. in contrast, we report that alcaligin production by rb50 does not require bvg phenotypic phase modulation and that isogenic bvg(con) and bvg(-) phase-locked mutants both produce alcaligin in response to iron starvation. | 2002 | 12446655 |
| construction and evaluation of plasmid vectors optimized for constitutive and regulated gene expression in burkholderia cepacia complex isolates. | genetic studies with burkholderia cepacia complex isolates are hampered by the limited availability of cloning vectors and by the inherent resistance of these isolates to the most common antibiotics used for genetic selection. also, some of the promoters widely employed for gene expression in escherichia coli are inefficient in b. cepacia. in this study, we have utilized the backbone of the vector pme6000, a derivative of the pbbr1 plasmid that was originally isolated from bordetella bronchisept ... | 2002 | 12450816 |
| detection of human respiratory syncytial virus in respiratory samples by lightcycler reverse transcriptase pcr. | laboratory diagnosis of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) infections has traditionally been performed by virus isolation in cell culture and the direct fluorescent-antibody assay (dfa). reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) is now recognized as a sensitive and specific alternative for detection of hrsv in respiratory samples. using the lightcycler instrument, we developed a rapid rt-pcr assay for the detection of hrsv (the lc-rt-pcr) with a pair of hybridization probes that target the hrsv l ... | 2002 | 12454129 |
| biochemistry and comparative genomics of sxxk superfamily acyltransferases offer a clue to the mycobacterial paradox: presence of penicillin-susceptible target proteins versus lack of efficiency of penicillin as therapeutic agent. | the bacterial acyltransferases of the sxxk superfamily vary enormously in sequence and function, with conservation of particular amino acid groups and all-alpha and alpha/beta folds. they occur as independent entities (free-standing polypeptides) and as modules linked to other polypeptides (protein fusions). they can be classified into three groups. the group i sxxk d,d-acyltransferases are ubiquitous in the bacterial world. they invariably bear the motifs sxxk, sxn(d), and kt(s)g. anchored in t ... | 2002 | 12456788 |
| characterization of intermediate phenotypes induced by chemically undefined laboratory media in virulent bordetella bronchiseptica strains. | the expression of many virulence factors of bordetella bronchiseptica is regulated by the bvgas locus and reduced in response to environmental signals called modulators. virulent strains can alternate between virulent (bvg(+)), intermediate (bvg(i)), and modulated (bvg(+)mod) phenotypes. potential vaccine antigens can be expressed by bvg1 strains grown only in the absence of modulators. in the present study we evaluated filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) and outer membrane protein (omp) expression ... | 2001 | 12483567 |
| in vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamic properties of the fluoroquinolone ibafloxacin. | the pharmacodynamic properties of a new veterinary fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, ibafloxacin, were evaluated. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic), time-kill kinetics, postantibiotic effect (pae) and postantibiotic subminimal inhibitory concentration effects (pa-sme) were determined against pathogenic canine gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial isolates from dermal, respiratory and urinary tract infections. the synergistic interactions between ibafloxacin and its main metabolite, ... | 2002 | 12485346 |
| role of bordetella o antigen in respiratory tract infection. | lipopolysaccharide (lps), as the major surface molecule of gram-negative bacteria, interacts with the host in complex ways, both inducing and protecting against aspects of inflammatory and adaptive immunity. the membrane-distal repeated carbohydrate structure of lps, the o antigen, can prevent antibody functions and may vary as a mechanism of immune evasion. genes of the wbm locus are required for the assembly of o antigen on the animal pathogen bordetella bronchiseptica and the human pathogen b ... | 2003 | 12496152 |
| flagella and motility in actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae has been considered nonmotile and nonflagellate. in this work, it is demonstrated that a. pleuropneumoniae produces flagella composed of a 65-kda protein with an n-terminal amino acid sequence that shows 100% identity with those of escherichia coli, salmonella, and shigella flagellins. the dna sequence obtained through pcr of the flic gene in a. pleuropneumoniae showed considerable identity (93%) in its 5' and 3' ends with the dna sequences of corresponding genes ... | 2003 | 12511514 |
| comparison of lightcycler pcr, rapid antigen immunoassay, and culture for detection of group a streptococci from throat swabs. | we compared the performance characteristics of a real-time pcr method, the lightcycler strep-a assay (roche applied science, indianapolis, ind.), to those of a rapid antigen immunoassay, the directigen 1-2-3 group a strep test kit (bd diagnostic systems, sparks, md.), and a standard culture method for detection of group a streptococci (gas) from 384 throat swabs. the lightcycler pcr produced more positive results (n = 58) than either culture (n = 55) or the directigen immunoassay (n = 31). the r ... | 2003 | 12517855 |
| molecular host-pathogen interaction in brucellosis: current understanding and future approaches to vaccine development for mice and humans. | brucellosis caused by brucella spp. is a major zoonotic disease. control of brucellosis in agricultural animals is a prerequisite for the prevention of this disease in human beings. recently, brucella melitensis was declared by the centers for disease control and prevention to be one of three major bioterrorist agents due to the expense required for the treatment of human brucellosis patients. also, the economic agricultural loss due to bovine brucellosis emphasizes the financial impact of bruce ... | 2003 | 12525425 |
| heme-responsive transcriptional activation of bordetella bhu genes. | bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica, gram-negative respiratory pathogens of mammals, possess a heme iron utilization system encoded by the bhurstuv genes. preliminary evidence suggested that expression of the bhur heme receptor was stimulated by the presence of heme under iron-limiting conditions. the hurir (heme uptake regulator) genes were previously identified upstream of the bhurstuv gene cluster and are predicted to encode homologs of members of the iron starvation subfamily ... | 2003 | 12533466 |
| pyoverdine-mediated regulation of fpva synthesis in pseudomonas aeruginosa: involvement of a probable extracytoplasmic-function sigma factor, fpvi. | a search of the pvd pyoverdine biosynthesis locus of pseudomonas aeruginosa identified an open reading frame, pa2387, whose product exhibited a sequence similar to those of a number of so-called extracytoplasmic- function sigma factors responsible for siderophore-dependent expression of iron-siderophore receptors in escherichia coli and pseudomonas putida. deletion of this gene, dubbed fpvi, compromised pyoverdine-dependent fpva ferric pyoverdine receptor production and fpva gene expression, whi ... | 2003 | 12562796 |
| overrepresentation of a gene family encoding extracytoplasmic solute receptors in bordetella. | a family of genes that are likely to encode extracytoplasmic solute receptors is strongly overrepresented in several beta-proteobacteria, including bordetella pertussis. this gene family, of which members have been called bug genes, contains some examples that are contained within polycistronic operons coding for tripartite uptake transporters of the ttt family, while the vast majority are "orphan" genes. proteomic and functional analyses demonstrated that several of these genes are expressed in ... | 2003 | 12562821 |
| evaluation of broiler litter with reference to the microbial composition as assessed by using 16s rrna and functional gene markers. | very little is known about the microbial composition of animal bedding wastes, including poultry litter, and what is known has been deduced from standard culture methods, by which some fastidious organisms that exist in the environment may not be detected. we evaluated the bacterial composition of poultry litter by using a combination of culture and molecular detection. total aerobic bacteria in poultry litter were detected by culture at 10(9) cfu/g of material. enteric bacteria such as enteroco ... | 2003 | 12571010 |
| bordetella type iii secretion induces caspase 1-independent necrosis. | the bordetella bronchiseptica type iii (tiii) secretion system induces cytotoxicity in infected macrophages and epithelial cells. in this report we characterize the cell death phenotype and compare it to the tiii-dependent cytotoxicity induced by yersinia enterocolitica and shigella flexneri. bordetella bronchiseptica strain rb58 was able to induce cell death in j774a.1 macrophages with the same efficiency as shigella and yersinia, but only b. bronchiseptica was able to kill epithelial cells in ... | 2003 | 12580948 |
| reduced glutathione is required for pertussis toxin secretion by bordetella pertussis. | the abilities of cysteine-containing compounds to support growth of bordetella pertussis and influence pertussis toxin transcription, assembly, and secretion were examined. cysteine is an essential amino acid for b. pertussis and must be present for protein synthesis and bacterial growth. however, cysteine can be metabolized to sulfate, and high concentrations of sulfate can selectively inhibit transcription of the virulence factors, including pertussis toxin, via the bvgas two-component regulat ... | 2003 | 12595447 |
| attenuated virulence of a burkholderia cepacia type iii secretion mutant in a murine model of infection. | type iii secretion systems are utilized by a number of gram-negative bacterial pathogens to deliver virulence-associated proteins into host cells. using a pcr-based approach, we identified homologs of type iii secretion genes in the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia cepacia, an important pulmonary pathogen in immunocompromised patients and patients with cystic fibrosis. one of the genes, designated bscn, encodes a member of a family of atp-binding proteins believed to generate energy driving ... | 2003 | 12595458 |
| bordetella bronchiseptica infection of rats and mice. | bordetella bronchiseptica has long been associated with respiratory tract infections in laboratory research, food-producing, companion, and wildlife animal species. its range of distribution also may include humans and contaminated inanimate environmental sources. natural diseases due to b. bronchiseptica infections in laboratory rats and mice were described before many of the major pathogens of these hosts were discovered. to our knowledge, there are no recent reports of natural disease due to ... | 2003 | 12625502 |
| seroepidemiological survey of bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza-2 virus in dogs in sweden. | the prevalence of antibodies against bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza-2 virus (cpiv-2) was investigated in a population of 302 pet dogs in sweden. sera were analysed for b bronchiseptica-specific immunoglobulin g by means of an elisa, and for cpiv-2 specific neutralising antibody by means of a haemagglutination inhibition test. b bronchiseptica had a seroprevalence of 22 per cent and cpiv-2 had a seroprevalence of 28 per cent. the two pathogens did not appear to circulate toget ... | 2003 | 12638909 |
| bugging the bugs. genomics and proteomics may provide new ways of making the lives of bacteria more miserable. | 2003 | 12671675 | |
| comparative efficacy of an injectable vaccine and an intranasal vaccine in stimulating bordetella bronchiseptica-reactive antibody responses in seropositive dogs. | to compare antibody responses to intranasal and sc bordetella bronchiseptica vaccines in seropositive dogs. | 2002 | 12680446 |
| comparison of ribotyping and restriction enzyme analysis for inter- and intraspecies discrimination of bordetella avium and bordetella hinzii. | bordetella avium is an avian respiratory disease pathogen responsible for substantial economic losses to the turkey industry. the inability to distinguish isolates has hampered outbreak investigations and prevents a complete understanding of transmission mechanisms. isolates of bordetella hinzii, often referred to as b. avium-like or as alcaligenes faecalis type ii prior to 1995, have also been acquired from the respiratory tracts of diseased poultry but are not believed to be pathogenic for bir ... | 2003 | 12682138 |
| bordetella bronchiseptica pagp is a bvg-regulated lipid a palmitoyl transferase that is required for persistent colonization of the mouse respiratory tract. | bordetella bronchiseptica lipopolysaccharide (lps) expression varies depending on growth conditions, regulated by the bvg system. a b. bronchiseptica pagp homologue was identified that is required for bvg-mediated modification of the lipid a core region of lps that occurs on switching from the bvg- to the bvg+ phase. structural analysis demonstrated that the lipid a of a b. bronchiseptica pagp mutant differed from wild-type lipid a by the absence of a palmitate group in secondary acylation at th ... | 2003 | 12694617 |
| an aromatic amino acid auxotrophic mutant of bordetella bronchiseptica is attenuated and immunogenic in a mouse model of infection. | we have constructed an aromatic amino acid auxotrophic mutant of bordetella bronchiseptica, harbouring mutations in aroa and trpe to investigate the use of such a strain as a live-attenuated vaccine. b. bronchiseptica aroa trpe was unable to grow in minimal medium without aromatic supplementation. compared to the parental wild-type strain, the mutant displayed significantly reduced abilities to invade and survive within the mouse macrophage-like cell line j774a.1 in vitro and in the murine respi ... | 2003 | 12694904 |
| species-wide variation in the escherichia coli flagellin (h-antigen) gene. | escherichia coli is a clonal species. the best-understood components of its clonal variation are the flagellar (h) and polysaccharide (o) antigens, both well documented since the mid-1930s because of their use in serotyping. flagellin is the protein subunit of the flagellum that carries h-antigen specificity. we show that 43 of the 54 h-antigen specificities of e. coli map to the flagellin gene at flic and sequenced all 43 forms and confirmed specificity of each by cloning and expression. this i ... | 2003 | 12700273 |
| microbial genome jambalaya. | 2003 | 12702204 | |
| unexpected similarities between bordetella avium and other pathogenic bordetellae. | bordetella avium causes an upper respiratory tract disease (bordetellosis) in avian species. commercially raised turkeys are particularly susceptible. like other pathogenic members of the genus bordetella (b. pertussis and b. bronchiseptica) that infect mammals, b. avium binds preferentially to ciliated tracheal epithelial cells and produces similar signs of disease. these similarities prompted us to study bordetellosis in turkeys as a possible nonmammalian model for whooping cough, the exclusiv ... | 2003 | 12704133 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of rhodococcus equi and other common equine pathogens to azithromycin, clarithromycin, and 20 other antimicrobials. | the objective of this study was to determine in vitro activities of azithromycin (azm), clarithromycin (clr), and 20 other antimicrobial agents against rhodococcus equi and other common equine bacterial pathogens. a total of 201 bacterial isolates from various equine clinical samples were examined. clr was more active than azm against r. equi, with mics at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited of 0.12 and 1.0 micro g/ml, respectively. other antimicrobial agents highly active against at least ... | 2003 | 12709351 |
| postsurgical meningitis caused by bordetella bronchiseptica. | 2003 | 12712975 | |
| an iron-regulated gene required for utilization of aerobactin as an exogenous siderophore in vibrio parahaemolyticus. | a previous investigation using the fur titration assay system showed that vibrio parahaemolyticus possesses a gene encoding a protein homologous to iuta, the outer-membrane receptor for ferric aerobactin in escherichia coli. in this study, a 5.6 kb dna region from the v. parahaemolyticus wp1 genome was cloned and two entire genes, iuta and alcd homologues, were identified which are absent from vibrio cholerae genomic sequences. the v. parahaemolyticus iuta and alcd proteins share 43 % identity w ... | 2003 | 12724383 |
| respiratory disease in kennelled dogs: serological responses to bordetella bronchiseptica lipopolysaccharide do not correlate with bacterial isolation or clinical respiratory symptoms. | the role of bordetella bronchiseptica in a natural outbreak of canine infectious respiratory disease was investigated both by culture and serological analysis. b. bronchiseptica was found in the lungs of a large proportion of clinically healthy dogs and in a greater proportion of dogs with respiratory disease. using a lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we analyzed the serological responses of a large number of dogs. dogs with high antibody levels showed no ... | 2003 | 12738630 |
| in vitro activities of telithromycin and 10 oral agents against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | a study of the comparative in vitro activity of telithromycin, a new ketolide, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic antral sinus puncture isolates showed it to be active against a broad range of sinus pathogens. all pneumococci, including erythromycin-resistant strains, were susceptible to telithromycin at < or = 0.5 microg/ml; all haemophilus influenzae and eikenella corrodens strains were inhibited by < or = 4 microg of telithromycin/ml; all moraxella spp. and beta-lactamase-producing prevote ... | 2003 | 12760875 |
| comparison of bipa alleles within and across bordetella species. | the bordetella bvgas signal transduction system controls the expression of at least three phenotypic phases, the bvg(+) or virulent phase, the bvg(-) or avirulent phase, and the bvg(i) or bvg intermediate phase, which has been hypothesized to be important for transmission. bipa, the first identified bvg(i)-phase gene, encodes a protein with similarity to the well-characterized bacterial adhesins intimin and invasin. proteins encoded by the bipa genes present in bordetella pertussis tohama i and ... | 2003 | 12761081 |
| conjugative plasmid transfer in gram-positive bacteria. | conjugative transfer of bacterial plasmids is the most efficient way of horizontal gene spread, and it is therefore considered one of the major reasons for the increase in the number of bacteria exhibiting multiple-antibiotic resistance. thus, conjugation and spread of antibiotic resistance represents a severe problem in antibiotic treatment, especially of immunosuppressed patients and in intensive care units. while conjugation in gram-negative bacteria has been studied in great detail over the ... | 2003 | 12794193 |
| bordetella bronchiseptica persists in the nasal cavities of mice and triggers early delivery of dendritic cells in the lymph nodes draining the lower and upper respiratory tract. | early after the intranasal instillation of bordetella bronchiseptica into mice, not only are mature dendritic leukocytes recovered from lung parenchyma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid but their numbers are also increased in the mediastinal lymph nodes and the nasal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. later during the infectious process, the bacteria persist mainly in the nasal cavity. | 2003 | 12819105 |
| mac-1-mediated uptake and killing of bordetella bronchiseptica by porcine alveolar macrophages. | the role of mac-1 as a receptor for bordetella bronchiseptica infection of alveolar macrophages (amphi) was examined using 6 strains (2 atcc and 4 pathogenic field isolates) to assess b. bronchiseptica binding, uptake and replication in primary porcine amphi. all b. bronchiseptica strains were rapidly killed by porcine serum in a dose- and time-dependent manner. however, heat-inactivated porcine serum (his) did not demonstrate any bacterial-killing activity, suggesting that complement may have a ... | 2003 | 12819364 |
| expression of a truncated pasteurella multocida toxin antigen in bordetella bronchiseptica. | mild or subclinical respiratory infections caused by bordetella bronchiseptica are widespread in pigs despite multiple control efforts. infection with virulent b. bronchiseptica strains is a common risk factor in the establishment of toxin-producing strains of pasteurella multocida in the nasal cavity of pigs leading to the disease, atrophic rhinitis (ar). this study was designed to explore the possibility of expressing a protective epitope of p. multocida toxin (pmt) in b. bronchiseptica to cre ... | 2003 | 12829385 |
| use of bordetella bronchiseptica and bordetella pertussis as live vaccines and vectors for heterologous antigens. | bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica are respiratory pathogens of humans and animals respectively. unlike many bacteria, they are able to efficiently colonise healthy ciliated respiratory mucosa. this characteristic of bordetella spp. can potentially be exploited to develop efficient live vaccines and vectors for delivery of heterologous antigens to the respiratory tract. here we review the progress in this area. | 2003 | 12832115 |
| the association of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus with canine infectious respiratory disease. | canine infectious respiratory disease (cird) is a multi-factorial infection that affects many kennelled dogs despite the wide use of vaccination. current vaccines aim to protect against viral agents and a single bacterial agent, bordetella bronchiseptica. we sought to examine the role of streptococcal species in cird. the isolation and identification of streptococci in the lower respiratory tract of clinically healthy dogs and those with cird were used to correlate the presence of specific strep ... | 2003 | 12860084 |
| in vitro activities of florfenicol against bovine and porcine respiratory tract pathogens. | florfenicol in vitro activities for a total of 756 bacterial isolates from respiratory tract infections of cattle and swine were comparatively investigated by the agar diffusion method and the microdilution broth method. florfenicol showed high in vitro activity against pasteurella multocida, mannheimia haemolytica, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and streptococcus suis, with all of the isolates inhibited by </=2 micro g of florfenicol per ml. | 2003 | 12878547 |
| comparison of experimental models for streptococcus suis infection of conventional pigs. | four different experimental models for streptococcus suis-induced disease were compared to find a model that closely mimics naturally occurring disease in conventional pigs. fourteen, 2-week old pigs free of s. suis type 2 were used in 2 experiments. in experiment 1, 3 pigs were inoculated intravenously (iv) and 3 pigs intranasally (in) with s. suis. two out of 3 of the iv-inoculated pigs exhibited signs of severe central nervous system disease (cns) and were euthanized. streptococcus suis type ... | 2003 | 12889730 |
| real-time pcr detection of brucella abortus: a comparative study of sybr green i, 5'-exonuclease, and hybridization probe assays. | real-time pcr provides a means of detecting and quantifying dna targets by monitoring pcr product accumulation during cycling as indicated by increased fluorescence. a number of different approaches can be used to generate the fluorescence signal. three approaches-sybr green i (a double-stranded dna intercalating dye), 5'-exonuclease (enzymatically released fluors), and hybridization probes (fluorescence resonance energy transfer)-were evaluated for use in a real-time pcr assay to detect brucell ... | 2003 | 12902268 |
| comparative analysis of the genome sequences of bordetella pertussis, bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica. | bordetella pertussis, bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica are closely related gram-negative beta-proteobacteria that colonize the respiratory tracts of mammals. b. pertussis is a strict human pathogen of recent evolutionary origin and is the primary etiologic agent of whooping cough. b. parapertussis can also cause whooping cough, and b. bronchiseptica causes chronic respiratory infections in a wide range of animals. we sequenced the genomes of b. bronchiseptica rb50 (5,338,40 ... | 2003 | 12910271 |
| bordetella pertussis acquires resistance to complement-mediated killing in vivo. | in order to initially colonize a host, bacteria must avoid various components of the innate immune system, one of which is complement. the genus bordetella includes three closely related species that differ in their ability to resist complement-mediated killing. bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica resist killing in naïve serum, a characteristic that may aid in efficient respiratory tract colonization and has been attributed to expression of o antigen. bordetella pertussis lack ... | 2003 | 12933835 |
| insertion sequence isecp1b is involved in expression and mobilization of a bla(ctx-m) beta-lactamase gene. | the genetic structures (ca. 10-kb dna fragment) surrounding the plasmid-borne extended-spectrum beta-lactamase bla(ctx-m-19) gene in a klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate were determined. this beta-lactamase gene was part of a 4,797-bp transposon inserted inside orf1 of tn1721. inside this transposon, bla(ctx-m-19) was bracketed upstream and downstream by insertion sequences ise cp1b and is903d, respectively, and further downstream by a truncated gene encoding an outer membrane protein for ir ... | 2003 | 12936998 |
| in vitro activities of abt-492, a new fluoroquinolone, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | abt-492 exhibited excellent in vitro activities against all 326 aerobic and anaerobic antral puncture sinus isolates tested with mics (in micrograms per milliliter) at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited as follows: haemophilus influenzae, 0.001; moraxella catarrhalis, 0.008; and streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.015. it was four- to sixfold more active than other fluoroquinolones, including against levofloxacin-resistant strains of s. pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureu ... | 2003 | 12937015 |
| evaluation of a multiplex pcr test for simultaneous identification and serotyping of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 2, 5, and 6. | serotype-specific dna regions involved in the biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharides (cps region) were used to develop a multiplex pcr test for the simultaneous species identification and serotyping of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 2, 5, and 6. primers specific for serotypes 2, 5, and 6 were combined with the already existing species-specific primers used in a pcr test based on the omla gene. the pcr test was evaluated with serotype reference strains of a. pleuropneumoniae as well ... | 2003 | 12958231 |
| evaluation of real-time pcr for detection of and discrimination between bordetella pertussis, bordetella parapertussis, and bordetella holmesii for clinical diagnosis. | pcr is increasingly being used as a diagnostic test for the detection of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis dna, as it has improved sensitivity and specificity in comparison to conventional techniques. the assay described here uses the two insertion sequences is481 and is1001 for b. pertussis and b. parapertussis, respectively, with detection by molecular beacons. the real-time pcr for is481 detects both b. pertussis and bordetella holmesii, and the real-time pcr for is1001 detect ... | 2003 | 12958235 |
| ancient origin of the tryptophan operon and the dynamics of evolutionary change. | the seven conserved enzymatic domains required for tryptophan (trp) biosynthesis are encoded in seven genetic regions that are organized differently (whole-pathway operons, multiple partial-pathway operons, and dispersed genes) in prokaryotes. a comparative bioinformatics evaluation of the conservation and organization of the genes of trp biosynthesis in prokaryotic operons should serve as an excellent model for assessing the feasibility of predicting the evolutionary histories of genes and oper ... | 2003 | 12966138 |
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