Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| antibacterial activity of tosufloxacin against major organisms detected from patients with respiratory or otorhinological infections: comparison with the results obtained from organisms isolated about 10 years ago. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of tosufloxacin and other fluoroquinolone antimicrobials for streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, isolated, between january 2003 and july 2004, from patients suspected of having respiratory or otorhinological infections were determined. the results were compared with those for these organisms isolated in 1994, plus some h. influenzae strains isolated in 1998. tosufloxacin was the most potent of all ... | 2006 | 16826349 |
| direct detection of bacterial biofilms on the middle-ear mucosa of children with chronic otitis media. | chronic otitis media (om) is a common pediatric infectious disease. previous studies demonstrating that metabolically active bacteria exist in culture-negative pediatric middle-ear effusions and that experimental infection with haemophilus influenzae in the chinchilla model of otitis media results in the formation of adherent mucosal biofilms suggest that chronic om may result from a mucosal biofilm infection. | 2006 | 16835426 |
| filamentous-haemagglutinin-like protein genes encoded on a plasmid of moraxella bovis. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a plasmid, pmbo-1, from moraxella bovis strain epp63 was determined. we identified 30 open reading frames (orfs) encoded by the 44,215bp molecule. two large orfs, flpa and flpb, encoding proteins with similarity to bordetella pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin (fha), were identified on the same plasmid. the gene for a specific accessory protein (fap), which may play a role in the secretion of flp protein, was also identified. reverse transcriptase pcr analys ... | 2006 | 16879933 |
| pneumonia and pleural effusion due to cryptococcus laurentii in a clinically proven case of aids. | non-neoformans cryptococci were previously considered to be saprophytes and nonpathogenic to humans. cryptococcus laurentii is frequently used as a biological means to control fruit rot. interestingly, c laurentii has recently been reported to be a rare cause of infection in humans. the authors report a case of pulmonary cryptococcosis caused by c laurentii in a diabetic aids patient who was on antituberculosis and antiretroviral treatments. the sputum smear revealed capsulated yeast cells that ... | 2006 | 16896431 |
| contemporary prevalence of bro beta-lactamases in moraxella catarrhalis: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (north america, 1997 to 2004). | a total of 7,860 community-acquired moraxella catarrhalis isolates (sentry antimicrobial surveillance program, 1997 to 2004) were tested by broth microdilution methods, and 399 randomly selected strains from north american sites were tested for bro-1 and bro-2 by pcr methods. several antimicrobials remained very active, including amoxicillin-clavulanate (mic90s, < or =0.25 microg/ml), azithromycin (mic90s, < or =0.12 microg/ml), ceftriaxone (mic90s, 0.5 microg/ml), and levofloxacin (mic90s, < or ... | 2006 | 17021108 |
| [use of transport medium in sputum bacterial culture examination of lower airway infection]. | our medical institution does not have a bacterial culture facility, requiring outsourcing of bacterial culture tests. due to the time elapsed from the time of specimen collection to culturing, the identification of causative bacteria in respiratory tract infections tends to be difficult. we therefore used transport medium for sputum bacteria examinations. expectorated purulent or purulent-mucous sputum specimens were collected from 32 patients with lower respiratory tract infection. we divided e ... | 2006 | 16841712 |
| the respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis binds to laminin via ubiquitous surface proteins a1 and a2. | moraxella catarrhalis is one of the leading causes of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). in the present article, we show that moraxella (n=15) binds to the major basement-membrane glycoprotein laminin, which is thickened in the airways of smokers. using clinical strains of m. catarrhalis and their corresponding ubiquitous surface protein (usp) a1/a2 mutants, we demonstrate that uspa1 and uspa2 are important for the laminin interaction. binding assays with recombinant ... | 2006 | 16845633 |
| influence of sampling technique on detection of potential pathogens in the nasopharynx. | to determine the optimal approach for nasopharyngeal culture and to establish which approach children tolerate best. | 2006 | 16847184 |
| otomicroscopic findings and systemic interleukin-6 levels in relation to etiologic agent during experimental acute otitis media. | the aim of the present study was to explore whether it was possible to differentiate the clinical course and the otomicroscopic appearance of acute otitis media (aom) caused by common otitis pathogens in an animal model. systemic interleukin (il)-6 levels as early markers for bacterial aom were also studied. four groups of rats were inoculated with either streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, non-typeable haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis. the animals were monitored by ... | 2006 | 16689828 |
| [antibiotics for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)]. | this study had for aim to evaluate the rationale and indications for antibiotic treatment in acute exacerbations of copd and to identify potential differences among various antibiotics available for the treatment of exacerbations in france. | 2006 | 16839731 |
| efficacy of tulathromycin for treatment of cattle with acute ocular moraxella bovis infections. | to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a single injection of tulathromycin, compared with saline (0.9% nacl) solution-treated control calves, for treatment of induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in calves. | 2006 | 16910856 |
| unveiling electrotransformation of moraxella catarrhalis as a process of natural transformation. | the human respiratory tract pathogen moraxella catarrhalis is a naturally competent microorganism. however, electrotransformation has long been used to introduce foreign dna into this organism. this study demonstrated that electrotransformants obtained with linear or circular nonreplicating plasmid dna originated exclusively from natural transformation processes taking place during the recovery phase after the application of current. only replicating plasmid dna could be introduced into m. catar ... | 2006 | 16907741 |
| discrepancy between antibiotics administered in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and susceptibility of isolated pathogens in respiratory samples: multicentre study in the primary care setting. | a national multicentre prevalence study was undertaken to determine the bacterial strains associated with mild-to-moderate acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) in the primary care setting and the susceptibility of isolated pathogens to different antimicrobials usually prescribed to these patients. all samples were processed by a central reference laboratory. microdilution tests were carried out to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of various antimicrobials. a doubl ... | 2006 | 17046209 |
| comparison of in vitro activities of tigecycline with other antimicrobial agents against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis in taiwan. | we compared the in vitro activities of tigecycline to those of other agents against 300 nonduplicate isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae (194 isolates), haemophilus influenzae (60 isolates), and moraxella catarrhalis (46 isolates) recovered from patients treated in three major hospitals in taiwan from august through december, 2003. all of these isolates were inhibited at 0.5 mg/l of tigecycline. for s. pneumoniae isolates, 72% were not susceptible to penicillin (69% intermediate and 3% resistan ... | 2006 | 16922631 |
| [a multicentre study on the pathogenic agents in 665 adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia in cities of china]. | to investigate the pathogenic causes of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in adult patients in china, the relation of previous antibiotic use and the pneumonia patient outcome research team (port) classification to microbial etiology, and the prevalence of drug resistance of common cap bacteria. | 2006 | 16638292 |
| the other siblings: respiratory infections caused by moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae. | respiratory infections remain substantial causes of morbidity and mortality globally. in this paper, two substantial players in bacterial-associated respiratory disease are assessed as to their respective roles in children and adults and in the developed and developing world. moraxella catarrhalis, although initially thought to be a nonpathogen, continues to emerge as a cause of upper respiratory disease in children and pneumonia in adults. no vaccine is currently available to prevent m. catarrh ... | 2006 | 16643773 |
| eradication of common pathogens at days 2, 3 and 4 of moxifloxacin therapy in patients with acute bacterial sinusitis. | acute bacterial sinusitis (abs) is a common infection in clinical practice. data on time to bacteriologic eradication after antimicrobial therapy are lacking for most agents, but are necessary in order to optimize therapy. this was a prospective, single-arm, open-label, multicenter study to determine the time to bacteriologic eradication in abs patients (maxillary sinusitis) treated with moxifloxacin. | 2006 | 16646958 |
| effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization during acute otitis media. | the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) has been shown to reduce the incidence of acute otitis media (aom) caused by streptococcus pneumoniae by 34% and reduces the overall incidence of aom by 6% to 8%. more recent studies have shown increases in the proportion of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in the middle-ear fluid of pcv7-immunized children. there has been no report on the effect of pcv7 on all 3 bacterial pathogens combined, either in the middle-ear fluid or ... | 2006 | 16651345 |
| model structure of the prototypical non-fimbrial adhesin yada of yersinia enterocolitica. | non-fimbrial adhesins, such as yersinia yada, moraxella uspa1 and a2, haemophilus hia and hsf, or bartonella bada represent an important class of molecules by which pathogenic proteobacteria adhere to their hosts. they form trimeric surface structures with a head-stalk-anchor architecture. whereas head and stalk domains are diverse and appear (frequently repetitively) in different combinations, the anchor domains are homologous and display the properties of autotransporters. we have built a mole ... | 2006 | 16675268 |
| characteristics of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and staphylococcus aureus isolated from the nasopharynx of healthy children attending day-care centres in the czech republic. | nasopharyngeal carriage of potential pathogens was studied in 425 healthy 3- to 6-year-old children attending 16 day-care centres (dccs) in nine czech cities during the winter 2004-2005. the overall carriage of pathogens was 62.8% (streptococcus pneumoniae, 38.1%; haemophilus influenzae, 24.9%; moraxella catarrhalis, 22.1%; staphylococcus aureus, 16%). an age-related downward trend was observed for colonization with respiratory pathogens in contrast to staph. aureus whose carriage was significan ... | 2006 | 16684402 |
| measuring nasal bacterial load and its association with otitis media. | nasal colonisation with otitis media (om) pathogens, particularly streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, is a precursor to the onset of om. many children experience asymptomatic nasal carriage of these pathogens whereas others will progress to otitis media with effusion (ome) or suppurative om. we observed a disparity in the prevalence of suppurative om between aboriginal children living in remote communities and non-aboriginal children attending child-care c ... | 2006 | 16686940 |
| in vitro activity of fluoroquinolones against common respiratory pathogens. | the treatment of respiratory infections is often empiric, necessitating the use of agents with a broad range of antimicrobial activity. the fluoroquinolones, having activity against common respiratory pathogens, fit this description. new fluoroquinolones have been developed in an attempt to improve the in vitro activity against a wide variety of respiratory tract pathogens. the objective of the study is to compare in vitro activity of newest fluoroquinolones, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, with ... | 2006 | 16755812 |
| the efficacy of cefdinir in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. | acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is a common infection resulting in substantial morbidity. cefdinir, an oral cephalosporin, has extended-spectrum, bactericidal activity against common acute bacterial rhinosinusitis pathogens, including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. cefdinir shows rapid oral absorption and good respiratory tissue penetration, and may be administered once daily. in randomised clinical trials, cefdinir showed efficacy similar to that of o ... | 2006 | 16722817 |
| potential pathogens carried by spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica) in southern spain. | the spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica) population of southern spain was surveyed for potential pathogens associated with the conjunctiva, external ear canal, as well as reproductive and upper respiratory tracts. we sampled 321 ibex (131 adult males, 100 adult females, and 90 yearlings); these included 271 apparently healthy animals and 50 that were naturally infected with sarcoptes scabiei. a total of 688 bacterial isolates were identified (377 gram-negatives, 225 gram-positives, and 86 my ... | 2006 | 16870855 |
| penicillin resistance is not extrapolable to amoxicillin resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from middle ear fluid in children with acute otitis media. | we evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activity of amoxicillin against penicillin-susceptible and -nonsusceptible streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from children with acute otitis media (aom). | 2006 | 16572607 |
| study of upper respiratory tract bacterial flora: first report. variations in upper respiratory tract bacterial flora in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection and healthy subjects and variations by subject age. | with the appearance of penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, there has been increasing debate concerning antimicrobial treatments for acute upper respiratory tract infection (aurti) and acute otitis media in children. this study compares the nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in patients with aurti (aurti group; 710 subjects) and healthy subjects (hs group; 380 subjects). the comparisons were made between subjects aged 6 years or younger (0-6 subgroup: 330 subjects), between 7 and 74 years ... | 2006 | 16648948 |
| optimal site for throat culture: tonsillar surface versus posterior pharyngeal wall. | to determine the optimal site of throat culture for the detection of potential pathogens by comparing culture results from the tonsillar surface and the posterior pharyngeal wall in children selected for adenotonsillectomy and in children without upper respiratory disease. cotton culture swabs were taken from the tonsillar surface and the posterior pharyngeal wall of 50 children selected for adenotonsillectomy for symptoms of recurrent tonsillitis and/or adenotonsillar hypertrophy and of 50 chil ... | 2006 | 16673080 |
| plasmid pww115, a cloning vector for use with moraxella catarrhalis. | the plasmid shuttle vector pww102b is able to replicate in only a modest number of moraxella catarrhalis strains. plasmid pww115, a spontaneous deletion mutant of pww102b, was shown to lack both the pacyc184-derived origin of replication and the associated chloramphenicol-resistance gene but was able to replicate in every m. catarrhalis strain tested in this study, including one strain that had been previously refractory to all types of genetic manipulations. to test the utility of this plasmid, ... | 2006 | 16757025 |
| frequency of recovery of pathogens causing acute maxillary sinusitis in adults before and after introduction of vaccination of children with the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine. | the objective of the study was to compare the proportions of the recovery of pathogens of acute maxillary sinusitis in adults in the 4-year period prior to the 5-year period that followed the introduction of vaccination of children with the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine (pcv7). cultures were obtained through endoscopy from 385 adults with acute maxillary sinusitis, 156 between 1997 and 2000, and 229 between 2001 and 2005. one hundred and seventeen potentially pathogenic organisms were isolated f ... | 2006 | 16772423 |
| the igd ch1 region contains the binding site for the human respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis igd-binding protein mid. | the moraxella catarrhalis igd-binding protein (mid) has a unique specificity for human igd, and the sequence with maximal igd binding is located within the amino acids mid962-1200. in the present paper, we examined the mid binding site on igd using a series of recombinant ig. full-length igd, igd f(ab')2, and an igd f(ab') c290r mutant lacking the inter-heavy-chain cysteine 290 were manufactured. furthermore, a series of igd/igg chimeras were constructed. elisa, dot blot and flow cytometry were ... | 2006 | 16906531 |
| increased recovery of moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae in association with group a beta-haemolytic streptococci in healthy children and those with pharyngo-tonsillitis. | the inflamed tonsils harbour numerous types of bacteria, alone or in combination with group a beta-haemolytic streptococci (gabhs). the cohabitation of the tonsils by gabhs and certain other bacterial species may contribute to the inflammatory process and the failure of penicillin therapy. this study evaluated the recovery of moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae in association with gabhs in healthy children and those with acute pharyng ... | 2006 | 16849717 |
| comparison of throat swabs and nasopharyngeal suction specimens in non-sputum-producing patients with cystic fibrosis. | both throat swabs and nasopharyngeal suction (nps) specimens are used for microbiological assessment in non-sputum-producing patients with cystic fibrosis (cf), but studies comparing their diagnostic yield are lacking. we, therefore, conducted a prospective study in young cf patients, in which both techniques were performed in random order. forty-seven consecutive cf children aged 6 months to 10 years were studied during routine visits to the clinic. cf relevant pathogens were found in the major ... | 2006 | 16850448 |
| [antibiotic therapy for exacerbation]. | bacterial infections are involved in approximately 50% of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb). pneumococci, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are the main pathogens. studies using quantitative cultures and molecular typing suggest a causal relationship between bacterial infection and exacerbation. furthermore, an association between infection and bronchial inflammation has been demonstrated. in contrast to steroid therapy and non-invasive ventilation, the benefits of ... | 2006 | 16855849 |
| nasopharyngeal versus oropharyngeal sampling for isolation of potential respiratory pathogens in adults. | the optimal methodology for the identification of colonization by potential respiratory pathogens (prp) in adults is not well established. the objectives of the present study were to compare the sensitivities of sampling the nasopharynx and the oropharynx for identification of prp colonization and to compare the sensitivities of samples from the nasopharynx by swab and by washing for the same purpose. the study included 500 participants with a mean age of 65.1 +/- 17.8 years. of these, 300 patie ... | 2006 | 16455908 |
| nasal middle meatal specimen bacteriology as a predictor of the course of acute respiratory infection in children. | to test our hypothesis that children with potentially pathogenic bacteria (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis) in the nasal middle meatus might have more prolonged symptoms of acute respiratory infection than children without such bacteria, we conducted a prospective cohort study of such children. | 2006 | 16462285 |
| biotransformation of citrinin to decarboxycitrinin using an organic solvent-tolerant marine bacterium, moraxella sp. mb1. | organic solvent tolerant microorganisms (ostms) are novel group of extremophilic microorganisms that have developed resistance to withstand solvent toxicity. these organisms play an important role in biotransformation of organic compounds. in the present study, we used an organic solvent-tolerant marine bacterium, moraxella sp. mb1. 16s rrna sequencing revealed that the bacterium shows 98% similarity with an uncultured marine bacterium with genbank accession no. ay936933. this bacterium was used ... | 2006 | 16467989 |
| moraxella catarrhalis stimulates the release of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin e from human respiratory epithelial cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. | the outer membrane proteins of moraxella catarrhalis, a bacterial pathogen which causes disease in both children and adults, play an important role in its phenotypic properties. however, their proinflammatory potential with regard to respiratory epithelium and macrophages is unclear. to this end, we examined the cytokine- and mediator-inducing capacity of a heat-killed wild-type m. catarrhalis strain and a nonautoagglutinating mutant as well as their outer membrane proteins and secretory/excreto ... | 2006 | 16487301 |
| visible laser and uv-a radiation impact on a pnp degrading moraxella strain and its rpos mutant. | the role of stationary phase sigma factor gene (rpos) in the stress response of moraxella strain when exposed to radiation was determined by comparing the stress responses of the wild-type (wt) and its rpos knockout (ko) mutant. the rpos was turned on by starving the wt cultures for 24 h in minimal salt medium. under non-starved condition, both wt and ko planktonic moraxella cells showed an increase in mortality with the increase in duration of irradiation. in the planktonic non-starved moraxell ... | 2006 | 16489628 |
| biofilm formation by moraxella catarrhalis in vitro: roles of the uspa1 adhesin and the hag hemagglutinin. | mutant analysis was used to identify moraxella catarrhalis gene products necessary for biofilm development in a crystal violet-based assay involving 24-well tissue culture plates. the wild-type m. catarrhalis strains that formed the most extensive biofilms in this system proved to be refractory to transposon mutagenesis, so an m. catarrhalis strain was constructed that was both able to form biofilms in vitro and amenable to transposon mutagenesis. chromosomal dna from the biofilm-positive strain ... | 2006 | 16495530 |
| binding of vitronectin by the moraxella catarrhalis uspa2 protein interferes with late stages of the complement cascade. | many moraxella catarrhalis strains are resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum (nhs). the uspa2 protein of the serum-resistant strain o35e has previously been shown to be directly involved in conferring serum resistance on this strain. testing of 11 additional serum-resistant m. catarrhalis wild-type isolates and their uspa1 and uspa2 mutants showed that the uspa1 mutants of all 11 strains were consistently serum resistant and that the uspa2 mutants of these same 11 strains ... | 2006 | 16495531 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens in japan during protekt years 1-3 (1999-2002). | data are presented on antimicrobial resistance among isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptoco-ccus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis collected in japan during years 1-3 (1999-2002) of the prospective resistant organism tracking and epidemiology for the ketolide telithromycin (protekt) surveillance study. in addition to the standard panel of protekt antimicrobial agents, eight other agents often used in japan also were tested against these isolates. the majority ( ... | 2006 | 16506084 |
| prospective surveillance for atypical pathogens in children with community-acquired pneumonia in japan. | a total of 141 children with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) were studied prospectively to determine the causative microorganisms. microbial investigations included examination of postnasal swabs, cultures, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and serology. the atypical pathogens occurring most frequently were mycoplasma pneumoniae (58 patients [41.1%]), chlamydia pneumoniae (4 patients [2.8%]), and concurrent occurrence of both pathogens (1 patient [0.7%]). patients aged under 4 years showed a r ... | 2006 | 16506088 |
| [bacteria isolated from chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections and the associated therapeutic strategies--in paranasal sinusitis]. | nasal sinusitis, tonsillitis, and pharyngolaryngitis typify upper respiratory tract infections, while bronchitis and pneumonia typify lower respiratory tract infections. cases of paranasal sinusitis with severe suppuration are reportedly becoming less frequent, while those of chronic catarrhal paranasal sinusitis and edematous allergic paranasal sinusitis are becoming more so, the primary factor in paranasal sinusitis, a typical infectious disease encountered in otolaryngology, is bacterial infe ... | 2006 | 16519120 |
| effects of moraxella (branhamella) ovis culture filtrates on bovine erythrocytes, peripheral mononuclear cells, and corneal epithelial cells. | infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) is a highly contagious ocular disease that affects cattle of all ages and that occurs worldwide. piliated hemolytic moraxella bovis is recognized as the etiologic agent of ibk. according to data from the nebraska veterinary diagnostic laboratory system, however, moraxella (branhamella) ovis has been isolated with increasing frequency from cattle affected with ibk. the objective of this study was, therefore, to examine m. ovis field isolates for the pr ... | 2006 | 16517853 |
| emergence of multidrug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (1999-2003). | emerging resistance among streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole continues to compromise orally administered therapy for community-acquired respiratory tract infections. concern also exists that multidrug-resistant (mdr) s. pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae strains could develop fluoroquinolone resistance (fqr). s. pneumoniae (2379 strains), h. influenzae (2456), and moraxella catarrhalis (901) studied as part of th ... | 2006 | 16546341 |
| activities of ceftobiprole, a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin, against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | ceftobiprole, a broad-spectrum pyrrolidinone-3-ylidenemethyl cephem currently in phase iii clinical trials, had mics between 0.008 microg/ml and 8.0 microg/ml for 321 clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae and between < or =0.004 microg/ml and 1.0 microg/ml for 49 clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis. ceftobiprole mic(50) and mic(90) values for h. influenzae were 0.06 microg/ml and 0.25 microg/ml for beta-lactamase-positive strains (n = 262), 0.03 microg/ml and 0.25 microg/ml for beta ... | 2006 | 16723565 |
| molecular and antigenic characterization of a mycoplasma bovis strain causing an outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis. | an unusually high incidence of infectious keratoconjunctivitis followed by pneumonia and arthritis was observed in beef calves of a managed herd. no moraxella spp. or bacteria other than mycoplasma spp. were obtained from conjunctival and nasal swabs. a strategy was designed for characterization of bovine mycoplasmas at species and strain level on the basis of a combination of molecular tools and the immunoblotting method. the strategy made it possible to rapidly assign the bacterium responsible ... | 2006 | 16566256 |
| antibacterial activity of propolis and its active principles alone and in combination with macrolides, beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones against microorganisms responsible for respiratory infections. | propolis is produced by bees and is reported to have several pharmaceutical properties. its antibacterial activity against strains causing upper respiratory tract infections is particularly important: propolis might be used as a therapeutic agent to prevent the bacterial infections that sometimes overlap viral infections. in this study the in vitro activity of both an alcoholic solution and a hydroglyceric extract of propolis, as well as its active principles, was tested against bacteria respons ... | 2006 | 16736885 |
| the use of macrolides in treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. | antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem among upper respiratory tract pathogens. resistance to beta-lactam drugs among streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and streptococcus pyogenes is increasing. as safe and well-tolerated antibiotics, macrolides play a key role in the treatment of community-acquired upper respiratory tract infections (rtis). their broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive cocci, such as s. pneumoniae and s. pyogenes, atypical pathogens, h. influenzae ... | 2006 | 16566868 |
| the viriato study: update of antimicrobial susceptibility data of bacterial pathogens from community-acquired respiratory tract infections in portugal in 2003 and 2004. | the viriato study is a nationwide, prospective, multicenter surveillance study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens commonly associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections in portugal. in 2003 and 2004 a total of 2945 isolates was recovered in the 29 laboratories that participated in the study. testing was undertaken in a central laboratory. of the 513 streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated from patients with acute tonsillitis all were susceptible to penic ... | 2006 | 16572254 |
| effect of telithromycin and azithromycin on nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in patients with acute maxillary sinusitis. | to explore the efficacy of the ketolide telithromycin compared with azithromycin in eradicating s pneumoniae from the nasopharynx of adults with acute maxillary sinusitis. the growing resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin and macrolides brought about the development of a new class of antibiotics-the ketolides-that are effective against resistant pneumococci. | 2006 | 16618915 |
| subretinal abscess and endogenous endophthalmitis caused by beta-lactamase-positive moraxella species. | 2006 | 16622391 | |
| quantitative detection of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis in lower respiratory tract samples by real-time pcr. | the limitation of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis has been a distinguishing colonization from infection. we assess here the usefulness of real-time quantitative pcr (rq-pcr) performed on lower respiratory tract samples to overcome this problem. consecutive respiratory tract samples from patients with and without signs of infection (n = 203) were subject ... | 2006 | 16626914 |
| managing acute lower respiratory tract infections in an era of antibacterial resistance. | respiratory tract infections account for more than 116 million office visits and an estimated 3 million visits to hospital eds annually. patients presenting at eds with symptoms suggestive of lower respiratory tract infections of suspected bacterial etiology are often severely ill, thus requiring a rapid presumptive diagnosis and empiric antimicrobial treatment. traditionally, clinicians have relied on beta-lactam or macrolide antibiotics to manage community-acquired lower respiratory tract infe ... | 2006 | 16635707 |
| rapid typing of moraxella catarrhalis subpopulations based on outer membrane proteins using mass spectrometry. | moraxella catarrhalis is a major mucosal pathogen of the human respiratory tract both in children and in adults. two subpopulations of this organism have been described that differ in 16s rrna gene sequence and virulence traits. three 16s rrna types have been defined. 2-de followed by protein identification by ms revealed significant differences in the outer membrane protein (omp) patterns of each m. catarrhalis 16s rrna type. approximately 130 features were detected on the 2-de map of each m. c ... | 2006 | 16317771 |
| aerobic bacterial flora of the vagina and prepuce of california sea lions (zalophus californianus) and investigation of associations with urogenital carcinoma. | to investigate the association between genital bacterial infection and urogenital carcinoma in california sea lions (zalophus californianus), vaginal and preputial swabs for bacterial isolation were taken from 148 free-ranging and 51 stranded california sea lions including 16 animals with urogenital carcinoma. cytological examination of vaginal or preputial smears showed a majority (65.5%, 57/87) of animals examined had mild or no inflammation. aerobic bacteria were isolated from 116 (78.4%) wil ... | 2006 | 16326045 |
| pharmacologic characteristics of prulifloxacin. | prulifloxacin, the prodrug of ulifloxacin, is a broad-spectrum oral fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. after absorption, prulifloxacin is metabolized by esterases to ulifloxacin. the drug has a long elimination half-life, allowing once-daily administration. in vitro, ulifloxacin is generally more active than other fluoroquinolones against a variety of clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria, including community and nosocomial isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus, providen ... | 2006 | 16360331 |
| a trial of high-dose, short-course levofloxacin for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. | compare two dosage strengths of levofloxacin in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. | 2006 | 16399173 |
| pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of oral moxifloxacin 400 mg/day in elderly patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. | to assess the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour of moxifloxacin in 15 consecutive elderly patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb) treated with the fixed oral moxifloxacin 400 mg/day regimen with the intent of verifying which degree of exposure may be ensured by this standard regimen against aecb pathogens. | 2006 | 16509760 |
| microbiology of acute sinusitis in mexican patients. | acute bacterial sinusitis is a common disorder affecting children and adults. we performed a study to assess the bacteriology of acute sinusitis in a community hospital in mexico city. patients with an acute exacerbation of persistent sinusitis or acute sinusitis were enrolled. aspiration of sinus secretions was performed and aspirates were sent for culture. all patients received antibiotic treatment for the infection based on microbiologic sensitivity reports. follow-up consultation included en ... | 2006 | 16513492 |
| endoscopically guided aerobic cultures in postsurgical patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. | there is considerable amount of debate in the literature regarding the microbial flora of normal, acutely infected, and chronically infected paranasal sinuses. few studies have specifically looked at the microbial flora of healthy and infected sinus cavities after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. | 2006 | 16539298 |
| antimicrobial activity of a novel peptide deformylase inhibitor, lbm415, tested against respiratory tract and cutaneous infection pathogens: a global surveillance report (2003-2004). | to evaluate the spectrum of activity and potency of lbm415, the first of the peptide deformylase inhibitor (pdfi) class to be developed for treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections and uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections (ussti), against a large, contemporary international collection of targeted pathogens collected during 2003-2004. | 2006 | 16549511 |
| emergence of vaccine-related pneumococcal serotypes as a cause of bacteremia. | the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) has decreased the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among children in the united states. in the postlicensure period, the impact of non-pcv7 serotypes against pediatric pneumococcal bacteremia is unknown. | 2006 | 16511752 |
| purification of the yada membrane anchor for secondary structure analysis and crystallization. | non-fimbrial adhesins, such as yersinia yada, moraxella uspa1 and a2, haemophilus hia and hsf, or bartonella bada, represent an important class of molecules by which pathogenic proteobacteria adhere to their hosts. they form trimeric surface structures with a head-rod-anchor architecture. whereas their head and rod domains may be of heterologous origin, their anchor domains are homologous and display the properties of autotransporters. conflicting topology models exist for these membrane anchors ... | 2006 | 16405993 |
| in vitro activity of tigecycline, a new glycylcycline, tested against 1,326 clinical bacterial strains isolated from latin america. | the in vitro activity of tigecycline (former gar-936), a new semisynthetic tetracycline, was evaluated in comparison with tetracycline and other antimicrobial agents. | 2006 | 16410885 |
| molecular analysis of microbial communities identified in different developmental stages of ixodes scapularis ticks from westchester and dutchess counties, new york. | ixodes scapularis ticks play an important role in the transmission of a wide variety of pathogens between various mammalian species, including humans. pathogens transmitted by ticks include borrelia, anaplasma and babesia. although ticks may harbour both pathogenic and non-pathogenic microflora, little is known about how the diversity of the microflora within ticks may influence the transmission of pathogens. to begin addressing this question, we examined the composition of bacterial communities ... | 2006 | 16623735 |
| human serum and mucosal antibody responses to outer membrane protein g1b of moraxella catarrhalis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important human pathogen that causes otitis media, sinusitis, and lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. outer membrane protein g1b is a approximately 29-kda protein that has a high degree of homology among strains, contains surface-exposed epitopes, and is a potential vaccine candidate. the ompg1b gene was cloned, expressed in escherichia coli, and purified. to assess the expression of outer membrane protein g1b durin ... | 2006 | 16420607 |
| population distributions of minimum inhibitory concentration--increasing accuracy and utility. | to generate continuous minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) data that describes the discrete nature of experimentally derived population mic data. | 2006 | 16630000 |
| in vitro activity of telithromycin against gram-negative bacterial pathogens. | to investigate the in vitro activity of the ketolide anti-bacterial telithromycin against a range of commensal bacteria and common aerobic gram-negative respiratory and non-respiratory pathogens. | 2006 | 15996744 |
| adhesion of moraxella catarrhalis to human bronchial epithelium characterized by a novel fluorescence-based assay. | moraxella catarrhalis is a major cause of infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease. adhesion of this pathogen to epithelial cells is critical for its pathogenicity. although much work has been done on identifying surface molecules of m. catarrhalis as adhesins, several adhesion assays were used in these studies which has never been validated or compared to each other. in the present study, we have examined the capacity of m. catarrhalis to adhere to different human epithelial ... | 2006 | 16059698 |
| bacterial activation of mast cells. | mast cells often are found in a perivascular location but especially in mucosae, where they may response to various stimuli. they typically associate with immediate hypersensitive responses and are likely to play a critical role in host defense. in this chapter, a common airway pathogen, moraxella catarrhalis, and a commensal bacterium, neiserria cinerea, are used to illustrate activation of human mast cells. a human mast cell line (hmc-1) derived from a patient with mast cell leukemia was activ ... | 2006 | 16110171 |
| antibiotic resistance patterns among respiratory pathogens at a german university children's hospital over a period of 10 years. | growing antimicrobial resistance among streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis is raising major concern worldwide. strains of s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis isolated from children with respiratory tract as well as invasive infection in a south-western region of germany between 1993 and 2002 were tested for susceptibility to common antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins and macrolides. a total of 2,362 s. pneumoniae, 2,501 h. influenz ... | 2006 | 16133241 |
| alpha1-antitrypsin inhibits moraxella catarrhalis mid protein-induced tonsillar b cell proliferation and il-6 release. | alpha1-antitrypsin (aat) is a major circulating and tissues inhibitor of serine proteinases implicated in the regulation of inflammation and host defence. there is now increasing evidence that aat may also exhibit anti-inflammatory activities independent of its protease inhibitor function. this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of native (inhibitory) and polymerized (non-inhibitory) forms of aat on mid (moraxella igd binding protein)-induced human tonsillar b cell activation in vit ... | 2006 | 16214222 |
| development of a shuttle vector for moraxella catarrhalis. | efforts to perform genetic analysis in moraxella catarrhalis have been hampered by the lack of a cloning vector. m. catarrhalis strain e22 was previously shown to contain plasmid plq510 which lacked a selectable antibiotic resistance marker. several methods were used to eliminate unnecessary dna from plq510. then, a 1.2 kb spectinomycin resistance cartridge, a multiple cloning site, and the origin of replication from pacyc184 were cloned into this plasmid backbone to obtain the 7.2 kb plasmid pw ... | 2006 | 16188314 |
| trends in antibiotic resistance among respiratory tract pathogens in children in two regions near france, a high level resistance country. | 2006 | 16133243 | |
| trends in antibiotic resistance of respiratory tract pathogens in children in geneva, switzerland. | bacteria increasingly resistant to antibiotics are a major treatment concern of respiratory tract pathogens in children. the aim of this study was to assess the trends of resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis to several classes of antibiotics in children<16 years of age and to compare its prevalence with surrounding countries. we studied retrospectively the susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens isolated from specimens collected from pati ... | 2006 | 16133242 |
| presence of viral and bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx of otitis-prone children. a prospective study. | the purpose of the present study was to examine and follow up the presence of respiratory viral and bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx of otitis-prone children during the cold season and compare the findings with the child's respiratory symptoms. | 2006 | 16198005 |
| bacterial etiology of acute otitis media and clinical efficacy of amoxicillin-clavulanate versus azithromycin. | acute otitis media (aom) is one of the most common acute bacterial infection in childhood and also the most frequent reason for outpatient antibiotic therapy. little recent information about susceptibility patterns of aom bacterial pathogens in turkish children has been reported. | 2006 | 16293317 |
| moraxella as a cause of necrotizing fasciitis of the eyelid. | 2006 | 16294199 | |
| the igd-binding domain of the moraxella igd-binding protein mid (mid962-1200) activates human b cells in the presence of t cell cytokines. | moraxella catarrhalis immunoglobulin d (igd)-binding protein (mid) is an outer membrane protein with specific affinity for soluble and cell-bound human igd. here, we demonstrate that mutated m. catarrhalis strains devoid of mid show a 75% decreased activation of human b cells as compared with wild-type bacteria. in contrast to mid-expressing moraxella, the mid-deficient moraxella mutants did not bind to human cd19+ igd+ b cells. the smallest mid fragment with preserved igd-binding capacity compr ... | 2006 | 16301327 |
| tonsillar microbial flora: a comparison of infected and non-infected tonsils. | the main objective of this study was to find out the most common organism affecting the tonsils in recurrent tonsillitis. | 2006 | 18603861 |
| is there any specific association between respiratory viruses and bacteria in acute otitis media of young children? | respiratory viral infections are usually preceding or coinciding with acute otitis media (aom) in children. it is not known if a given viral infection would facilitate invasion of bacterial pathogens into the middle ear in a species-specific way. we reanalysed the microbiological results of the two prospective finnish otitis media (finom) studies for this purpose. | 2006 | 15992930 |
| telithromycin: a ketolide antibiotic for treatment of respiratory tract infections. | telithromycin, a recently approved ketolide antibiotic derived from 14-membered macrolides, is active against erythromycin-resistant pneumococci. telithromycin has enhanced activity in vitro because it binds not only to domain v of ribosomal rna (like macrolides do) but also to domain ii. however, it is not active against streptococci and staphylococci with constitutive macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin b resistance. telithromycin, available in an oral formulation, is approved by the us ... | 2005 | 15889365 |
| guide to selection of fluoroquinolones in patients with lower respiratory tract infections. | newer fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin and gemifloxacin have several attributes that make them excellent choices for the therapy of lower respiratory tract infections. in particular, they have excellent intrinsic activity against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and the atypical respiratory pathogens. fluoroquinolones may be used as monotherapy to treat high-risk patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and fo ... | 2005 | 15892589 |
| moraxella catarrhalis is only a weak activator of the mannose-binding lectin (mbl) pathway of complement activation. | a hemolytic bystander assay was used to assess the functional serum mannose-binding lectin (mbl) activating capacity of five isolates of moraxella catarrhalis obtained from children who suffered recurrent acute otitis media episodes. results showed that this organism is only a poor activator of the lectin pathway of complement activation, with subsequent consequences for the etiology of otitis media by this organism. | 2005 | 16006058 |
| moraxella catarrhalis sepsis in a patient with juvenile spinal muscle atrophy. | moraxella catarrhalis rarely causes severe infections or bacteraemia in healthy subjects. in the literature only four cases of clinical sepsis with m. catarrhalis have been described, mostly in immunocompromised patients. we describe a case of a 34-year-old patient with kugelberg-welander disease and low body weight (28 kg) who developed clinical sepsis due to m. catarrhalis bacteraemia. a review of the literature is given. | 2005 | 16011015 |
| gemifloxacin for the treatment of respiratory tract infections: in vitro susceptibility, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, and safety. | gemifloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent exhibiting potent activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, such as the important community-acquired respiratory pathogens streptococcus pneumoniae (including multidrug-resistant s. pneumoniae), haemophilus influenzae , and moraxella catarrhalis . the agent's mechanism of action involves dual targeting of two essential bacterial enzymes: dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv. gemifloxacin was approved by the food an ... | 2005 | 15899734 |
| identification of surface antigens of moraxella catarrhalis as targets of human serum antibody responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important respiratory tract pathogen, causing otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). adults with copd make antibody responses to m. catarrhalis following infection, but little is known about the identity of the antigens to which these antibodies are directed. in this study, 12 serum samples obtained from adults with copd who had cleared m. catarrhalis from the respiratory tract follo ... | 2005 | 15908376 |
| down syndrome with acute epiglottitis. | 2005 | 15910462 | |
| investigation about the homogeneity of nasopharyngeal microflora at the different location of nasopharynx of children with acute otitis media. | nasopharynx is thought to be a very important site as becterial reservoir for acute otitis media (aom). in this study, we investigated on the homogeneity of nasopharyngeal microflora at the different location of nasopharynx of children with aom. | 2005 | 15911015 |
| moraxella catarrhalis does not grow on nutrient agar without sodium chloride supplementation. | none of the 58 moraxella catarrhalis strains grew on nutrient agar without sodium chloride supplementation, whereas 49 of 51 commensal neisseria spp. strains tested did. growth on nutrient agar without sodium chloride supplementation could be used for screening between m. catarrhalis and commensal neisseria spp. | 2005 | 16034210 |
| synthesis and antibacterial activity of new n-linked 5-triazolylmethyl oxazolidinones. | a new series of n-linked 5-triazolylmethyl oxazolidinones with varying substitution at the piperazine nitrogen 4-position were synthesized and tested against a panel of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including clinical isolates. most of the compounds showed excellent antibacterial activity against susceptible and resistant gram-positive organisms. one of the compounds showed enhanced antibacterial activity against moraxella catarrhalis. | 2005 | 15911326 |
| stress-survival responses of a carbon-starved p-nitrophenol-mineralizing moraxella strain in river water. | the effect of carbon starvation on the stress-resistant responses of a p-nitrophenol-mineralizing moraxella strain was examined in both buffer and river water samples. the moraxella strain showed optimal stress-resistant responses in a minimal salt buffer when carbon-starved for 1-2 d. in the buffer system, the 1- and 2-day carbon-starved moraxella cultures survived about 150-, 200-, and 100-fold better than the non-starved cultures when exposed to 43.5 degrees c, 2.7 mol/l nacl, and 500 micromo ... | 2005 | 15920620 |
| improved degradation of organophosphorus nerve agents and p-nitrophenol by pseudomonas putida js444 with surface-expressed organophosphorus hydrolase. | pseudomonas putida js444, isolated from p-nitrophenol (pnp) contaminated waste sites, was genetically engineered to simultaneously degrade organophosphorus pesticides (op) and pnp. a surface anchor system derived from the ice-nucleation protein (inp) from pseudomonas syringae was used to target the organophosphorus hydrolase (oph) onto the surface of pseudomonas putida js444, reducing the potential substrate uptake limitation. engineered cells were capable of targeting oph onto the cell surface ... | 2005 | 15932242 |
| changes in bacterial and fungal ocular flora of clinically normal horses following experimental application of topical antimicrobial or antimicrobial-corticosteroid ophthalmic preparations. | to determine effects of topical antimicrobial and antimicrobial-corticosteroid preparations on the ocular flora of horses. animals: 40 horses. | 2005 | 15934607 |
| acute otitis media caused by streptococcus pyogenes in children. | streptococcus pyogenes, or group a beta -hemolytic streptococcus (gas), is an important causative agent of bacterial pharyngotonsillititis and skin, soft-tissue, and invasive infections. although it is also an important pathogen in acute otitis media (aom), its exact role has not been determined. | 2005 | 15937760 |
| extended release amoxicillin/clavulanate: optimizing a product for respiratory infections based on pharmacodynamic principles. | acute bacterial respiratory tract infections cause a great deal of human morbidity and mortality. treatment guidelines for these infections include macrolides, doxycycline, beta-lactams and beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid to provide coverage for the common respiratory pathogens, including penicillin and macrolide nonsusceptible streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as beta-lactamase-producing haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. in r ... | 2005 | 15954852 |
| streptococcal otitis media: from epidemiology to pathogenesis. | 2005 | 15937761 | |
| recovery of potential pathogens and interfering bacteria in the nasopharynx of smokers and nonsmokers. | active smoking and passive exposure to cigarette smoke are associated with colonization by some potentially pathogenic species of bacteria and an increased risk of respiratory tract infection in both adults and children. in an attempt to explain these observations, this study compared the frequency of isolation of potential pathogens, and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that possess interfering capabilities (ie, interfering with the in vitro growth of potential pathogens) in the nasopharynx of sm ... | 2005 | 15947322 |
| the clinical course of acute otitis media in high-risk australian aboriginal children: a longitudinal study. | it is unclear why some children with acute otitis media (aom) have poor outcomes. our aim was to describe the clinical course of aom and the associated bacterial nasopharyngeal colonisation in a high-risk population of australian aboriginal children. | 2005 | 15955251 |