Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of oral gatifloxacin for the treatment of recurrent/nonresponsive acute otitis media: an open label, noncomparative, double tympanocentesis study. | gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxyfluoroquinolone with good activity against respiratory pathogens. | 2003 | 14614364 |
| open label, multicenter study of gatifloxacin treatment of recurrent otitis media and acute otitis media treatment failure. | recurrent otitis media and treatment failures of acute infections are refractory to therapy. newer fluoroquinolones have excellent activity against respiratory pathogens, but their use in children has been limited because of concerns about adverse effects. | 2003 | 14614365 |
| the emulsiv filter removes microbial contamination from propofol but is not a substitute for aseptic technique. | to evaluate the ability of the emulsiv filter (ef) to remove extrinsic microbial contaminants from propofol. | 2003 | 12826543 |
| how can we predict bacterial eradication? | antimicrobial efficacy is measured in vitro by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) of antimicrobials, but these values do not account for fluctuations of drug concentrations within the body or the time course of the drug's in vivo antibacterial activity. however, in vivo bacteriologic efficacy can be predicted by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) parameters, such as the time for which the serum drug concentration is above ... | 2003 | 12839703 |
| identification of a moraxella catarrhalis outer membrane protein exhibiting both adhesin and lipolytic activities. | the uspa1 and hag proteins have previously been shown to be involved in the ability of the moraxella catarrhalis wild-type strain o35e to bind to human chang and a549 cells, respectively. in an effort to identify novel adhesins, we generated a plasmid library of m. catarrhalis dna fragments, which was introduced into a nonadherent escherichia coli strain. recombinant e. coli bacteria were subsequently enriched for clones that gained the ability to bind to chang and a549 cells, yielding the plasm ... | 2003 | 12874311 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of novel 2-(thiazol-2-ylthio)-1beta-methylcarbapenems with potent activities against multiresistant gram-positive bacteria. | sm-197436, sm-232721, and sm-232724 are new 1beta-methylcarbapenems with a unique 4-substituted thiazol-2-ylthio moiety at the c-2 side chain. in agar dilution susceptibility testing these novel carbapenems were active against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and staphylococcus epidermidis (mrse) with a mic(90) of </=4 micro g/ml. furthermore, sm-232724 showed strong bactericidal activity against mrsa, in contrast to linezolid, which was bacteriostatic up to four times the mic. ... | 2003 | 12878507 |
| a field trial of autogenous moraxella bovis bacterin administered through either subcutaneous or subconjunctival injection on the development of keratoconjunctivitis in a beef herd. | the primary purpose of these experiments was to evaluate an autogenous moraxella bovis bacterin administered through 2 separate routes of inoculation. an autogenous bacterin was manufactured by using m. bovis recovered from the herd. the bacterin was administered by subcutaneous injection or subconjunctival injection. in each experiment, unvaccinated animals served as controls. random selection methods were used to place calves into a vaccination or control group. there was no statistical differ ... | 2003 | 12892288 |
| levofloxacin pharmacokinetics in esrd and removal by the cellulose acetate high performance-210 hemodialyzer. | no published data are available describing the pharmacokinetics of intravenous levofloxacin in patients with end-stage renal disease (esrd). objectives of this study are to determine the pharmacokinetics and dialytic clearance of levofloxacin and develop dosing strategies in these patients. | 2003 | 12900817 |
| [invasive infection with moraxella catarrhalis in two children with lymphatic leukemia and granulocytopenia]. | in two young children with leukaemia, a girl and a boy aged 5 and 4 years, respectively, an invasive infection due to moraxella catarrhalis was diagnosed at the time of granulocytopenia. they were treated with antibiotics. the first child developed pneumonia and recovered, the other developed severe septic shock and died. m. catarrhalis is a gram-negative diplococcus, frequently colonising the upper respiratory tract in young children. in childhood this pathogen mainly causes infections such as ... | 2003 | 12822523 |
| the alexander project 1998-2000: susceptibility of pathogens isolated from community-acquired respiratory tract infection to commonly used antimicrobial agents. | the alexander project is a continuing surveillance study, begun in 1992, examining the susceptibility of pathogens involved in adult community-acquired respiratory tract infections (carti) to a range of antimicrobial agents. | 2003 | 12865398 |
| possible relationship of pfge patterns of moraxella catarrhalis between hospital- and community-acquired respiratory infections in a community hospital. | we describe a prospective study of molecular analysis of moraxella catarrhalis isolated from a community hospital. our study was designed to investigate the possible relationship of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns of m. catarrhalis between hospital- and community-acquired respiratory infections. a nosocomial outbreak of m. catarrhalis was observed between september 2000 and september 2001. during the study period, 40 strains of m. catarrhalis were isolated from a total of 32 pat ... | 2003 | 12906097 |
| cloning and characterization of the fur gene from moraxella bovis. | a homologue of the ferric uptake regulator gene (fur) was isolated from moraxella bovis by degenerate polymerase chain reaction and cloning. fur protein of m. bovis exhibited 72.1% amino acid identity with acinetobacter calcoaceticus fur. western blot analysis showed a decrease of fur expression in response to sufficient-iron conditions compared with deficient-iron conditions. an electrophoretic mobility-shift assay indicated that fur protein binds to dna fragments containing a putative fur-box ... | 2003 | 12906101 |
| implications for antimicrobial prescribing of strategies based on bacterial eradication. | antimicrobial prescribing in respiratory tract infection is generally empirical. agents that do not eradicate the key bacterial respiratory pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis) provide suboptimal therapy. a recent paper developed by a multidisciplinary, multinational group presented a consensus on the principles that should underpin appropriate antimicrobial prescribing. in summary, in order to ensure clinical success and minimize the threat of ... | 2003 | 12839705 |
| changes in genetic types and population dynamics of moraxella catarrhalis in hospitalized children are not associated with an exacerbation of existing disease. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing was performed on a retrospective set of 129 moraxella catarrhalis isolates obtained over a 20 month period from 70 children admitted to, or presenting at, the erasmus university medical center, rotterdam, the netherlands. the mean age of the children (at the end of the study) was 2.5 years, with a range of 6 months to 15 years. fifty-one different m. catarrhalis types were isolated from the hospitalized children, with 31 % (22/70) being infected with two p ... | 2003 | 12909660 |
| [antimicrobial activities of macrolides against recent clinical isolates, and analysis of resistant mechanisms]. | we examined antibacterial activities of 4 kinds of macrolides, erythromycin (em), clarithromycin (cam), azithromycin (azm) and rokitamycin (rkm), against 6 bacterial species of clinical strains isoleted in 2002. bacterial isolates used were each 50 strains of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa), streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and 43 strains of streptococcus pneumoniae. s. agalactiae were derived from ... | 2003 | 12942787 |
| nasopharyngeal reservoir of bacterial otitis media and sinusitis pathogens in adults during wellness and viral respiratory illness. | the carriage rate of pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharynx (np) was determined using three separate techniques for obtaining samples. | 2003 | 12962190 |
| susceptibility trends of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis against orally administered antimicrobial agents: five-year report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program. | the assessment of orally administered antimicrobial susceptibilities of common pathogens that cause community-acquired respiratory tract infections (carti) has become exceedingly important due to the number of office visits for this indication. numerous local, regional and global studies have documented the susceptibilities of haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and moraxella catarrhalis, the most common carti pathogens. sentry antimicrobial surveillance program sites in north and ... | 2003 | 12967753 |
| [susceptibility of major pathogens of acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis to levofloxacin and other oral antimicrobial drugs]. | a total of 2865 strains of the causative organisms isolated from the patients with acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis at the primary medical institutions were used in this study. the mics of levofloxacin (lvfx) and other oral antimicrobial drugs were determined and evaluated by the nccls guideline. lvfx, cefditoren (cdtr) and cefcapene (cfpn) were potently active against 773 isolates of hemophilus influenzae, the mic50s of lvfx being < or = 0.06 microgram/ml and also the same as the mic90s of lvf ... | 2003 | 12942788 |
| comparison of moraxella catarrhalis isolates from children and adults for growth on modified new york city medium and potential virulence factors. | initial studies found that moraxella catarrhalis isolates from adults that grew on modified new york city medium (mnyc(+)) that contained antibiotics selective for pathogenic neisseriae differed from strains that did not grow on this medium (mnyc(-)) in their potential virulence properties. it was predicted that higher usage of antibiotics to treat respiratory illness in children might result in higher proportions of mnyc(+) isolates if antibiotics were an important selective pressure for this p ... | 2003 | 12972578 |
| is hydrogen peroxide responsible for the inhibitory activity of alpha-haemolytic streptococci sampled from the nasopharynx? | objective: the inhibitory effect of alpha-haemolytic streptococci (ahs) in vitro on the three commonest otitis media pathogens, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, was previously investigated. the aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of this inhibitory activity. material and methods/results: when fractions of ahs filtrate were assayed to determine their inhibitory activity after size-exclusion chromatography, the inhibitory activity was found i ... | 2003 | 12953772 |
| crystal structure of mboiia methyltransferase. | dna methyltransferases (mtases) are sequence-specific enzymes which transfer a methyl group from s-adenosyl-l-methionine (adomet) to the amino group of either cytosine or adenine within a recognized dna sequence. methylation of a base in a specific dna sequence protects dna from nucleolytic cleavage by restriction enzymes recognizing the same dna sequence. we have determined at 1.74 a resolution the crystal structure of a beta-class dna mtase mboiia (m.mboiia) from the bacterium moraxella bovis, ... | 2003 | 12954781 |
| in vitro antibacterial potency and spectrum of abt-492, a new fluoroquinolone. | abt-492 demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against most quinolone-susceptible pathogens. the rank order of potency was abt-492 > trovafloxacin > levofloxacin > ciprofloxacin against quinolone-susceptible staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci. abt-492 had activity comparable to those of trovafloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against seven species of quinolone-susceptible members of the family enterobacteriaceae, although it was less active than the comparators against citro ... | 2003 | 14506039 |
| polythene and plastic-degrading microbes in an indian mangrove soil. | biodegradation of polythene bags and plastic cups was analyzed after 2, 4, 6, and 9 months of incubation in the mangrove soil. the biodegradation of polythene bags was significantly higher (up to 4.21% in 9 months) than that of plastic cups (up to 0.25% in 9 months). microbial counts in the degrading materials were recorded up to 79.67 x 10(4) per gram for total heterotrophic bacteria, and up to 55.33 x 10(2) per gram for fungi. the microbial species found associated with the degrading materials ... | 2003 | 15162769 |
| pseudomonal infections in patients with copd: epidemiology and management. | copd is a common disease with increasing prevalence. the chronic course of the disease is characterized by acute exacerbations that cause significant worsening of symptoms. bacterial infections play a dominant role in approximately half of the episodes of acute exacerbations of copd. the importance of pseudomonal infection in patients with acute exacerbations of copd stems from its relatively high prevalence in specific subgroups of these patients, and particularly its unique therapeutic ramific ... | 2003 | 14719985 |
| [administration of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. | we have to consider the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(copd) may be caused not only by infection, but also by acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, or other cardiopulmonary complications. because it is characteristic that the exacerbation of copd is often recurensive, the most important thing is the administration during stable status. approximately 40% of pathogens of the acute infectious exacerbation of copd are haemophilus influe ... | 2003 | 14674328 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (2001)]. | from october 2001 to september 2002, we collected the specimen from 370 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 16 institutions in japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of the isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics and patients' characteristics. of 458 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in inflammation, 456 strains were investigated. the breakdown of the isolated bacteria were: staphylococ ... | 2003 | 14692377 |
| antigenic relationships of moraxella bovis isolates recovered from outbreaks of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in argentina, brazil, and uruguay between 1983 and 2000. | cross-reactivity indices (cris) of 28 isolates of moraxella bovis recovered from outbreaks of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in argentina (a, 11 isolates), brazil (b, 7), and uruguay (u, 10) between 1983 and 2000 were estimated. hyperimmune sera were produced in rabbits and antibody titres determined with each isolate. isolates showing cris3 70 were placed in the same group. group i had 13 isolates (a, 1; b, 6; u, 6); group ii had 6 isolates (a, 4; u, 2); groups iii, iv, and v had 2 isol ... | 2003 | 14620871 |
| acute otitis media in pediatric medicine: current issues in epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. | acute otitis media (aom) is not only the most common bacterial infection in children in the united states, it is also the most common indication for the prescription of antibiotics. unfortunately, antibiotic resistance to pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis) typically causative of aom, continues to increase. more than 30% of the beta-lactamase producing h. influenzae are resistant to amoxicillin and virtually all strains of m. catarrhalis are be ... | 2003 | 14632101 |
| a mouse model for acute otitis media. | to induce acute otitis media in the mouse and to describe the clinical and bacteriological course of the infection, middle ears of balb/c, swiss-webster and c57bl/6 mice were inoculated with streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. systemic and local changes were monitored by clinical observations, otomicroscopy, and analysis of bacterial samples from blood and middle ears. agglutination of mouse erythrocytes by m. catarrhalis was also tested. depending on bact ... | 2003 | 14616553 |
| does the tonsillar surface flora differ in children with and without tonsillar disease? | to investigate whether the tonsillar flora differ in children with and without adenotonsillar disease. | 2003 | 14575405 |
| oral bacterial flora of dogs with and without rabies: a preliminary study in thailand. | the authors studied the bacterial flora of the dog oral cavity and of bite wounds, aerobic bacteria were isolated from mouth swabs of 16 normal and 5 rabid dogs as well as from infected dog-bite wounds from 18 patients. a total of 20 different microbial species were recovered from mouth swab cultures. the most frequently isolated organisms were klebsiella pneumoniae ssp pneumoniae, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, a ... | 2003 | 14971525 |
| prevention and management of antibacterial resistance for primary care patients with respiratory tract infections. | this review examines the problem of increasing antibacterial resistance among the pathogens commonly associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections, particularly streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. the increases in morbidity, mortality, and treatment cost associated with increased resistance to available antibiotics are challenging prescribers to find more effective therapeutic strategies. a medline search of the literature from 1966 to t ... | 2003 | 14570346 |
| clonal analysis of streptococcus pneumoniae nonsusceptible to penicillin at day-care centers with index cases, in a region with low incidence of resistance: emergence of an invasive type 35b clone among carriers. | the nasopharyngeal carriage rate of potential respiratory pathogens was studied in 36 index children with a pneumococci nonsusceptible to penicillin (pnsp), in 595 healthy children, and in 123 personnel at 16 day-care centers (dccs) with index cases in the stockholm area, an urban area with a low incidence of antibiotic resistant pneumococci, during the winter of 1997-1998. the spread and clonality of pnsp, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, were studied by analyzing antibiotic su ... | 2003 | 15008138 |
| [bacteria and resistance to antibiotics in acute otitis media in paediatrics, depending on the geographical origin]. | epidemiology of the bacteria responsible: acute otitis media (aom) is the most common bacterial infection in childhood below the age of 5 years. bacteria may be isolated from middle ear fluid in about two-thirds of patients. the prevalence of bacteria varies from one country to the next. the most common pathogens recovered are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae (20-50%) and less frequently moraxella catarrhalis (10%). however, several recent reports suggest an increasing rate of is ... | 2003 | 14663392 |
| resistance issues and community-acquired respiratory infections. | antimicrobial resistance, associated with both excessive and inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents, is a global problem. it is a particular problem in the management of community-acquired respiratory infections, which most often result in the use of antimicrobial therapy. infections caused by resistant and multiresistant pathogens may also result in high hospitalization rates, long lengths of stay, severe illness, and high mortality, all of which have a great impact on health care costs. the ... | 2003 | 14992415 |
| morphostructural damage and the inhibition of bacterial adhesiveness of staphylococcus aureus and moraxella catarrhalis induced by moxifloxacin. | the aim of this study was to investigate the ability of moxifloxacin to interfere with the mechanism of bacterial adhesion and disrupt the morphological and structural integrity of bacteria. three staphylococcus aureus and three moraxella catarrhalis strains were grown in the presence of 1/2-1/128 minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) serial dilutions and incubated with human epithelial cells. a significant decrease in adhesion was observed from 1/2 mic to 1/64 mic for s. aureus, and from 1/2 m ... | 2003 | 14998077 |
| application of broad-range 16s rrna pcr amplification and dgge fingerprinting for detection of tick-infecting bacteria. | ticks play an important role in the transmission of arthropod-borne diseases of viral, protozoal and bacterial origin. the present article describes a molecular-biological based method, which facilitated the broad-range analyses of bacterial communities in ixodid ticks (ixodes ricinus). dna was extracted both from single ticks and pooled adult ticks. eubacterial 16s rrna gene fragments (16s rdna) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with broad-range ribosomal primers. sequences span ... | 2003 | 12459246 |
| antimicrobial resistance in respiratory pathogens isolated in brazil during 1999-2000. | the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the respiratory pathogens streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis to commonly tested and prescribed agents was investigated during 1999-2000 and compared with results obtained during a previous 1997-1998 study. of 448 isolates of s. pneumoniae collected and tested in 1999-2000, 77.2% were susceptible, 19.9% were intermediate, and 2.9% were resistant to penicillin, demonstrating that there were no major changes in sus ... | 2003 | 11980591 |
| dead bugs don't mutate: susceptibility issues in the emergence of bacterial resistance. | the global emergence of antibacterial resistance among common and atypical respiratory pathogens in the last decade necessitates the strategic application of antibacterial agents. the use of bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic agents as first-line therapy is recommended because the eradication of microorganisms serves to curtail, although not avoid, the development of bacterial resistance. bactericidal activity is achieved with specific classes of antimicrobial agents as well as by combinati ... | 2003 | 12533275 |
| acute mastoiditis caused by moraxella catarrhalis. | acute mastoiditis is the most frequent intratemporal complication of otitis media. the bacteriology of acute otitis media is changing continuously and it differs markedly from the bacteriology of acute mastoiditis. moraxella catarrhalis (m. catarrhalis) is the third most common bacteria found in acute otitis media, and in recent years its importance as an etiological factor of acute otitis media has markedly increased in certain geographic areas. however, there are no reports of acute mastoiditi ... | 2003 | 12560147 |
| etiology of acute otitis media in childhood and evaluation of two different protocols of antibiotic therapy: 10 days cefaclor vs. 3 days azitromycin. | acute otitis media (aom) is a common childhood infection that is frequently treated by antibiotics. there are no prospective and comprehensive trials evaluating childhood aom for etiologic pathogens and resistance pattern in turkey. the aims of the study were to determine the bacterial etiologies and resistance patterns, and identify the efficacy and the relapse rates of 3 days of azitromycin and 10 days of cefaclor therapy in aom. | 2003 | 12560149 |
| moraxella catarrhalis induces mast cell activation and nuclear factor kappa b-dependent cytokine synthesis. | human mast cells are often found perivascularly and at mucosal sites and may play crucial roles in the inflammatory response. recent studies have suggested a prominent role for mast cells in host defense. in this study, we analyzed the effects of a common airway pathogen, moraxella catarrhalis and a commensal bacterium, neiserria cinerea, on activation of human mast cells. human mast cell leukemia cells (hmc-1) were activated with either phorbol myristate acetate (pma) and calcium ionophore or w ... | 2003 | 12456364 |
| whole-bacterial cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cell-bound moraxella bovis pili. | infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk), caused by moraxella bovis, is a disease of major importance in cattle industry. m. bovis has several virulence factors among which pili are crucial antigen for the protective capacity of vaccines against this disease. the production of vaccines against ibk therefore requires a reliable technique for cellular piliation level assessment on cells to be included as vaccine components. in this study we describe a specific whole-bacterial cell enzyme-linke ... | 2003 | 12458165 |
| concentrations of garenoxacin in plasma, bronchial mucosa, alveolar macrophages and epithelial lining fluid following a single oral 600 mg dose in healthy adult subjects. | a microbiological assay was used to measure concentrations of garenoxacin (bms-284756) in plasma, bronchial mucosa (bm), alveolar macrophages (am) and epithelial lining fluid (elf), following a single 600 mg oral dose. twenty-four healthy subjects were allocated into four nominal time intervals after the dose, 2.5-3.5, 4.5-5.5, 10.5-11.5 and 23.5-24.5 h. mean concentrations in plasma, bm, am and elf, respectively, for the four nominal time windows were for 2.5-3.5 h 10.0 mg/l (s.d. 2.8), 7.0 mg/ ... | 2003 | 12615879 |
| human immune response to outer membrane protein cd of moraxella catarrhalis in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | moraxella catarrhalis is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). the antibody response to outer membrane protein (omp) cd, a highly conserved surface protein of m. catarrhalis under consideration as a vaccine antigen, was studied in adults with copd following 40 episodes of infection or colonization. following infection or colonization, 9 of 40 patients developed new serum immunoglobulin g (igg) to omp cd, as measured by en ... | 2003 | 12595444 |
| recurrent acute otitis media occurring within one month from completion of antibiotic therapy: relationship to the original pathogen. | (1) to determine the relationship between acute otitis media (aom) pathogens isolated in cases of early clinical recurrence of aom (occurring within 1 month from completion of therapy) to the original pathogens causing the initial aom episode; and (2) to determine whether shorter time intervals between completion of antibiotic therapy and clinical recurrences of aom are associated with higher rates of true bacteriologic relapse. | 2003 | 12634580 |
| mucosal immune response to specific outer membrane proteins of moraxella catarrhalis in young children. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important cause of otitis media. a number of candidate antigens for a future infant otitis media vaccine have been identified, but their mucosal immunogenicity induced by nasopharyngeal m. catarrhalis colonization has not been characterized. the aim of this study was to determine the salivary iga response to m. catarrhalis outer membrane proteins (omp) in young children. | 2003 | 12634588 |
| differences in nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in children with nonsevere recurrent acute otitis media and chronic otitis media with effusion: implications for management. | the interactions between nasopharyngeal flora and the individual entities covered by the broad term otitis media have not been completely elucidated. we investigated in infants and children ages 6 months to 7 years with nonsevere recurrent acute otitis media (raom) or with chronic otitis media with effusion (come): (1) the nasopharyngeal carriage rate and bacterial density of respiratory pathogens and alpha-hemolytic streptococci in comparison with healthy children; (2) the resistance pattern of ... | 2003 | 12634589 |
| a new inhibitor of the transcription-termination factor rho. | in this study we describe bi-k0058, a new inhibitor of the transcription-termination factor rho belonging to a different chemical class from bicyclomycin, the only known antibiotic acting on rho. bi-k0058 inhibits the poly(c)-dependent atpase activity of rho with an ic(50) of 25 microm as well as in vitro transcription-termination of two natural substrates, the salmonella enterica hisg cistron and the f1 phage intergenic region. bi-k0058 does not affect photolabeling of rho by atp. the results o ... | 2003 | 12604334 |
| diversity of tetracycline resistance genes in bacteria from chilean salmon farms. | twenty-five distinct tetracycline-resistant gram-negative bacteria recovered from four chilean fish farms with no history of recent antibiotic use were examined for the presence of tetracycline resistance (tet) genes. sixty percent of the isolates carried 1 of the 22 known tet genes examined. the distribution was as follows. the tet(a) gene was found in six isolates. the tet(b) gene was found in two isolates, including the first description in the genus brevundimonas: two isolates carried the te ... | 2003 | 12604516 |
| seasonal effects on the aerobic bacterial and fungal conjunctival flora of normal thoroughbred brood mares in florida. | to evaluate seasonal effects on the presence or absence of fungal and aerobic bacterial flora of the conjunctival fornix of normal florida thoroughbred horses. | 2003 | 12641842 |
| the moraxella catarrhalis immunoglobulin d-binding protein mid has conserved sequences and is regulated by a mechanism corresponding to phase variation. | the prevalence of the moraxella catarrhalis immunoglobulin d (igd)-binding outer membrane protein mid and its gene was determined in 91 clinical isolates and in 7 culture collection strains. eighty-four percent of the clinical moraxella strains expressed mid-dependent igd binding. the mid gene was detected in all strains as revealed by homology of the signal peptide sequence and a conserved area in the 3' end of the gene. when mid proteins from five different strains were compared, an identity o ... | 2003 | 12644500 |
| comparative spectrum and activity of nvp-pdf386 (vrc4887), a new peptide deformylase inhibitor. | the antibacterial activity of nvp-pdf386 (vrc4887), a novel peptide deformylase (pdf) inhibitor, was tested against over 1000 recent clinical isolates collected during 2001 and 2002. the mic(50/90) (mg/l) results for nvp-pdf386 (vrc4887) were: staphylococcus aureus (sa) 0.5/1, coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons) 0.5/1, streptococcus pneumoniae 0.25/0.5, other streptococci 0.25/0.5, enterococci 1/2, moraxella catarrhalis 0.25/0.25, haemophilus influenzae 8/32 and enterobacteriaceae or non-fer ... | 2003 | 12493802 |
| amoxicillin/clavulanic acid: a review of its use in the management of paediatric patients with acute otitis media. | amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (augmentin), augmentin es-600 is a well established, orally administered combination of amoxicillin (a semisynthetic antibacterial agent) and clavulanic acid (a beta-lactamase inhibitor). amoxicillin/clavulanic acid shows good activity against the main pathogens associated with acute otitis media (aom), including penicillin-susceptible and -intermediate strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, and beta-lactamase producing strains of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella ca ... | 2003 | 12534334 |
| activity of faropenem, a new furanem, against european respiratory pathogens collected during 2000-2001: a comparison with other beta-lactam agents. | 2003 | 12493818 | |
| comparison of the efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin for the treatment of acute, bacterial maxillary sinusitis in adults. | in this multicentre, multinational, comparative, double-blind clinical trial, out-patients with both symptoms and radiographic evidence of acute sinusitis were randomly assigned to receive either a seven-day, once daily (o.d.) oral regimen of moxifloxacin (400 mg) or a 10-day o.d. oral regimen of trovafloxacin (200 mg). among 452 patients considered valid for clinical efficacy, moxifloxacin treatment was found to be statistically equivalent to trovafloxacin (96.9 per cent vs 92.1 per cent -95 pe ... | 2003 | 12590855 |
| quantitative detection of moraxella catarrhalis in nasopharyngeal secretions by real-time pcr. | the recognition of moraxella catarrhalis as an important cause of respiratory tract infections has been protracted, mainly because it is a frequent commensal organism of the upper respiratory tract and the diagnostic sensitivity of blood or pleural fluid culture is low. given that the amount of m. catarrhalis bacteria in the upper respiratory tract may change during infection, quantification of these bacteria in nasopharyngeal secretions (npss) by real-time pcr may offer a suitable diagnostic ap ... | 2003 | 12682118 |
| bacterial otitis media: current vaccine development strategies. | otitis media is the most common reason for children less than 5 years of age to visit a medical practitioner. whilst the disease rarely results in death, there is significant associated morbidity. the most common complication is loss of hearing at a critical stage of the development of speech, language and cognitive abilities in children. the cause and pathogenesis of otitis media is multifactorial. among the contributing factors, the single most important are viral and bacterial infections. inf ... | 2003 | 12534945 |
| pathogens in acute otitis media--impact of intermittent penicillin v prophylaxis on infant nasopharyngeal flora. | to investigate whether intermittent short-term courses of penicillin v (pcv) administered as intermittent prophylaxis against acute otitis media (aom) during upper respiratory tract infections altered the nasopharyngeal bacterial flora and/or its susceptibility to penicillin. | 2003 | 12697353 |
| an rtx operon in hemolytic moraxella bovis is absent from nonhemolytic strains. | pathogenic isolates of moraxella bovis express a calcium-dependent transmembrane pore forming cytotoxin that is an rtx toxin encoded by mbxa. the dna flanking mbxa was cloned and sequenced to determine if m. bovis contained a classical rtx operon. open reading frames (orfs) with deduced amino acid sequence homology to putative activation (rtx c) and transport (rtx b and d) proteins were identified and have been designated mbxc, mbxb, and mbxd, respectively. thus, hemolytic m. bovis contains a ty ... | 2003 | 12554105 |
| total genome polymorphism and low frequency of intra-genomic variation in the uspa1 and uspa2 genes of moraxella catarrhalis in otitis prone and non-prone children up to 2 years of age. consequences for vaccine design? | intra-genomic variation in the uspa1 and uspa2 genes of moraxella catarrhalis was studied using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis. from a set of 91 m. catarrhalis isolates, 19 pairs of pfge identical isolates were found. five pairs originated from otitis non-prone children, 11 pairs from otitis prone children and for 3 pairs, one of the pair originated from an otitis prone and the other from an otiti ... | 2003 | 12559789 |
| moraxella catarrhalis. | 2003 | 12575688 | |
| comparative in vitro potency of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid and four oral agents against recent north american clinical isolates from a global surveillance study. | the in vitro activity of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid was compared with four comparator oral antimicrobial agents; ampicillin, azithromycin, cefuroxime and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole against 4536 recent clinical isolates covering 29 species isolated in the us and canada between 1997 and 1999. based upon minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics), amoxycillin-clavulanic acid was the most active agent against many gram-positive species and phenotypes including methicillin susceptible staphylococc ... | 2003 | 12727075 |
| prevention of otitis media by adenoidectomy in children younger than 2 years. | to test the effect of adenoidectomy in connection with tympanostomy compared with tympanostomy only in preventing otitis media in children younger than 2 years. | 2003 | 12578443 |
| linezolid in vitro: mechanism and antibacterial spectrum. | oxazolidinones are prominent among the new gram-positive antimicrobial agents now becoming available. they were discovered by dupont pharmaceuticals in the late 1980s but linezolid, the first analogue suitable for development, was found only when the family was re-examined by pharmacia in the 1990s. oxazolidinones bind to the 50s subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome, preventing formation of the initiation complex for protein synthesis. this is a novel mode of action; other protein synthesis inhib ... | 2003 | 12730138 |
| family of shuttle vectors for ruminal bacteroides. | a family of shuttle plasmids was constructed for genetic transformation of escherichia coli and of ruminal bacteroides strains ar20 and ar29. plasmids were based on the replicon from bacteroides plasmid pbi191 and were designed for studies of chromosomal integration (pba), for the identification and study of bacteroides gene promoters (pppr) and for the expression of heterologous genes in bacteroides (pbac). electroporation efficiency of bacteroides was up to 10(5) transformants/microg plasmid, ... | 2003 | 12736534 |
| gram-negative diplococcal respiratory infections. | human respiratory tract infections caused by gram- negative diplococci continue to remain significant issues in health care. although not addressed as frequently as the classical diplococcal pneumonia, the gram-positive streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus), infections due to neisseria meningitidis (the meningococcus), and moraxella catarrhalis (formerly called both neisseria catarrhalis and branhamella catarrhalis) are addressed here including their microbiology, respiratory tract manifes ... | 2003 | 12760822 |
| nontypeable haemophilus influenzae gene expression induced in vivo in a chinchilla model of otitis media. | the gram-negative bacterium nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is the predominant pathogen in chronic otitis media with effusion and, with streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis, is a causative agent of acute otitis media. to identify potential virulence determinants, bacterial gene expression was monitored by differential fluorescence induction during early disease progression in one specific anatomical niche of a chinchilla model of nthi-induced otitis media. genomic dna fra ... | 2003 | 12761130 |
| s-carboxymethylcysteine inhibits the attachment of streptococcus pneumoniae to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. | streptococcus pneumoniae causes respiratory and other invasive infections. increased resistance of this bacterium to antibiotics necessitates new approaches to the treatment of infections. attachment of bacteria to human pharyngeal epithelial cells is the initial step in the pathogenesis of infection and s-carboxymethylcysteine (s-cmc) can modulate the attachment of moraxella catarrhalis and nontypable haemophilus influenzae to epithelial cells. unlike these two, s. pneumoniae is gram-positive a ... | 2003 | 12782478 |
| the use and resistance to antibiotics in the community. | the frequency of resistance to antibiotics among common community-acquired pathogens, and the number of drugs to which they are resistant have been increasing worldwide. the relationship between antibiotic usage and resistance is strongly supported by data from several studies. countries with the highest per capita antibiotic consumption have the highest resistance. the emergence of penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae is related to high consumption of antibiotics in general, as well as ... | 2003 | 12672574 |
| anaerobic mineralization of quaternary carbon atoms: isolation of denitrifying bacteria on pivalic acid (2,2-dimethylpropionic acid). | the degradability of pivalic acid was established by the isolation of several facultative denitrifying strains belonging to zoogloea resiniphila, to thauera and herbaspirillum, and to comamonadaceae, related to [aquaspirillum] and acidovorax, and of a nitrate-reducing bacterium affiliated with moraxella osloensis. pivalic acid was completely mineralized to carbon dioxide. the catabolic pathways may involve an oxidation to dimethylmalonate or a carbon skeleton rearrangement, a putative 2,2-dimeth ... | 2003 | 12620885 |
| cefpodoxime: pharmacokinetics and therapeutic uses. | cefpodoxime is a semi-synthetic, third generation cephalosporin. the drug is available for use as a prodrug-cefpodoxime proxetil, which is absorbed readily from the gut. it reaches adequate levels exceeding the mic in most of the body fluids. it is excreted by kidneys, unchanged. dose needs adjustment in compromised renal function. the drug is active against common gram-positive cocci like staphylococci including penicillinase producing strains, streptococci and gram negative bacteria like hemop ... | 2003 | 12785294 |
| characterization of the first molluscicidal lipopolysaccharide from moraxella osloensis. | moraxella osloensis is a bacterium that is mutualistically associated with phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, a nematode that has potential for the biocontrol of mollusk pests, especially the slug deroceras reticulatum. we discovered that purified m. osloensis lipopolysaccharide (lps) possesses a lethal toxicity to d. reticulatum when administered by injection but no contact or oral toxicity to this slug. the toxicity of the lps resides in the lipid a moiety. m. osloensis lps was semiquantitated at ... | 2003 | 12788774 |
| activity of nine oral agents against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria encountered in community-acquired infections: use of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic breakpoints in the comparative assessment of beta-lactam and macrolide antimicrobial agents. | the application of pharmacokinetic (pk) and pharmacodynamic (pd) data in conjunction with minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of antibacterial agents has been shown to allow for improved selection and appropriate dosing of antimicrobial agents for specific infections, increasing the likelihood of bacteriologic cure and, through this, reducing the risk for the development of resistant organisms. | 2003 | 12637118 |
| bacterial aetiology of non-resolving otitis media in south african children. | little is known of the aetiology, serotypes or susceptibility of the pathogens causing non-resolving otitis media in children receiving care from specialists in private practice in developed or in developing countries. increased access to antibiotics in the community amongst children receiving such private care in south africa may be anticipated to lead to levels of resistance similar to those found in countries with similar models of private practice, such as the united states. this study was c ... | 2003 | 12648369 |
| bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of high dose amoxicillin for therapy of acute otitis media in children. | high dose (70 to 90 mg/kg/day) amoxicillin is recommended as first line therapy of acute otitis media (aom) in geographic areas where drug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae is prevalent. information on the bacteriologic efficacy of high dose amoxicillin treatment for aom is limited. | 2003 | 12792379 |
| inactivation of the moraxella catarrhalis 7169 ferric uptake regulator increases susceptibility to the bactericidal activity of normal human sera. | moraxella catarrhalis is a strict human pathogen and a significant cause of respiratory disease and otitis media. in direct response to these infections, research efforts have focused primarily on the identification of potential vaccine targets. the general biology of m. catarrhalis, however, including the mechanisms utilized to survive in the human host, remains poorly understood. previous work has demonstrated that m. catarrhalis expresses iron-repressible proteins, suggesting the presence of ... | 2003 | 12654799 |
| can acute otitis media caused by haemophilus influenzae be distinguished from that caused by streptococcus pneumoniae? | previous limited data suggest that acute otitis media (aom) caused by streptococcus pneumoniae can present as a more severe disease than that caused by haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis, as expressed by both tympanic membrane and systemic findings. | 2003 | 12799507 |
| peptide-peptide interactions between human transferrin and transferrin-binding protein b from moraxella catarrhalis. | transferrin-binding protein b (tbpb) is one component of a bipartite receptor in several gram-negative bacterial species that binds host transferrin and mediates the uptake of iron for growth. transferrin and tbpb are both bilobed proteins, and the interaction between these proteins seems to involve similar lobe-lobe interactions. synthetic overlapping peptide libraries representing the n lobe of tbpb from moraxella catarrhalis were prepared and probed with labeled human transferrin. transferrin ... | 2003 | 12670985 |
| antibacterial resistance of community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens recovered from patients in latin america: results from the protekt surveillance study (1999-2000). | protekt (prospective resistant organism tracking and epidemiology for the ketolide telithromycin) is a global surveillance study established in 1999 to monitor antibacterial resistance of respiratory tract organisms. thirteen centers from argentina, brazil and mexico participated during 1999-2000; they collected 1806 isolates (streptococcus pneumoniae 518, haemophilus influenzae 520, moraxella catarrhalis 140, staphylococcus aureus 351, s. pyogenes 277). overall, 218 (42.1%) of the s. pneumoniae ... | 2003 | 12807691 |
| national surveillance programme on susceptibility patterns of respiratory pathogens in south africa: moxifloxacin compared with eight other antimicrobial agents. | the susceptibility patterns of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, and streptococcus pyogenes isolated from specimens submitted to 12 private laboratories in south africa were determined. | 2003 | 12719453 |
| [moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis infection]. | 2003 | 12722241 | |
| in vitro activities of telithromycin and 10 oral agents against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | a study of the comparative in vitro activity of telithromycin, a new ketolide, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic antral sinus puncture isolates showed it to be active against a broad range of sinus pathogens. all pneumococci, including erythromycin-resistant strains, were susceptible to telithromycin at < or = 0.5 microg/ml; all haemophilus influenzae and eikenella corrodens strains were inhibited by < or = 4 microg of telithromycin/ml; all moraxella spp. and beta-lactamase-producing prevote ... | 2003 | 12760875 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of novel leucomycin analogues modified at the c-3 position. i. epimerization and methylation of the 3-hydroxyl group. | the synthesis and biological evaluation of sixteen-membered macrolides modified at the c-3 position are described. 3-epi-leucomycin a7 (9), 3-o-acyl-3-epi-leucomycin a7 analogues (11a-11e), 3-o-acylleucomycin a7 analogues (13b-13e) and 3-o-methylleucomycin analogues (16a, 16b and 22) were synthesized via fully protected intermediates (7, 5a, 5b and 20). after appropriate modification, subsequent deprotections were performed to furnish a variety of leucomycin analogues. methylation of the 3-hydro ... | 2003 | 12817814 |
| microbial contamination of dialysate and its prevention in haemodialysis units. | at the haemodialysis centres of nine hospitals in japan, microbial contamination of treated water (reverse osmosis method), acid and bicarbonate concentrates, and dialysate was investigated. among these fluids used in haemodialysis, the dialysate was most frequently contaminated and had the highest concentration of bacteria. of 40 dialysate samples analysed, 42.5% showed a bacterial count of more than 2000cfu/ml, which was above the association for the advancement of medical instrumentation (aam ... | 2003 | 12818584 |
| resistance in respiratory tract pathogens and antimicrobial use in icelandic and lithuanian children. | to assess resistance rates among respiratory tract pathogens and antimicrobial usage of children in iceland and lithuania, and to correlate usage patterns with resistance rates, nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from healthy children attending day-care centres in reykjavik (n = 6) and vilnius (n = 13), and cultured for pneumococci, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. information about recent antimicrobial use was obtained by a questionnaire. 50% and 51% carried pneumococci, 59% and 6 ... | 2003 | 12685879 |
| middle ear pathogens in otitis-prone children. | a cohort of 191 children with recurrent otitis media and persistent middle ear effusion underwent myringotomy and tubes, at which time middle ear cultures were taken. the indications, fluid type, culture and sensitivity results, and pre- and post-procedure frequency of otitis media were evaluated. sixty-seven percent of the effusions were mucoid in nature, and 24% of cultures grew pathogens, including hemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, and staphylococcus aure ... | 2003 | 12693271 |
| concomitant spine infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis and pyogenic bacteria: case report. | a case report of an extremely rare condition describing lumbar spine tuberculosis associated with concurrent pyogenic infection is presented. | 2003 | 12698133 |
| effect of amoxicillin or clindamycin on the adenoids bacterial flora. | we sought to compare the effect on the adenoid bacterial flora of patients with recurrent otitis media of antimicrobial therapy with amoxicillin (am) or clindamycin (c). patients and methods forty-five children scheduled for elective adenoidectomy participated in a prospective randomized study. they were divided into 3 groups of 15 each to receive either no therapy (control) or 10 days of therapy with am or c. core adenoid tissues was quantitatively cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. | 2003 | 12869909 |
| comparison of the efficacy and safety of faropenem daloxate and cefuroxime axetil for the treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis in adults. | in this multicentre, multinational, comparative, double-blind clinical trial, outpatients with both clinical signs and symptoms and radiographic evidence of acute sinusitis were randomly assigned to receive for 7 days either a twice-daily oral regimen of faropenem daloxate (300 mg) or a twice daily oral regimen of cefuroxime axetil (250 mg). among 452 patients considered valid for clinical efficacy, faropenem daloxate treatment was found to be statistically equivalent to cefuroxime axetil (89.0% ... | 2003 | 12709801 |
| [alexander project--5 years in poland]. | the aim of the alexander project is to monitor resistance and its trends among the most common bacterial pathogens responsible for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections and to compare the results obtained between different countries. in poland, from 1996 to 2000 the percentage of streptococcus pneumoniae isolates non-susceptible to penicillin was 14.1%. most often decreased susceptibility to penicillin co-existed with resistance to other classes of antibiotics (multi-drug resista ... | 2003 | 12712818 |
| [analysis of nasopharyngeal flora in children with acute otitis media attending a day care center]. | 2003 | 12723403 | |
| antibiotic treatment of acute otorrhea through tympanostomy tube: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study with daily follow-up. | the role of routine antimicrobial treatment of acute middle-ear infections is under debate, because the efficacy of antimicrobials in the resolution of middle-ear fluid has not been unambiguously proven. acute tube otorrhea is regarded as evidence of acute otitis media, and for methodologic reasons it was chosen to provide objectivity for diagnostics and outcome assessment. the objective of this study was to assess whether amoxicillin-clavulanate accelerates the resolution of acute tube otorrhea ... | 2003 | 12728089 |
| a novel cell-binding mechanism of moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface protein uspa: specific targeting of the n-domain of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules by uspa1. | carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (ceacams) are receptors for several neisseria and haemophilus spp. in this investigation, we demonstrate that a major outer membrane protein of moraxella catarrhalis (mx) strains, belonging to the ubiquitous surface protein (usp) family, also interacts with the receptor. the interaction was demonstrated in western blot overlay of sds-page-separated bacterial proteins using soluble receptor constructs as well as by co-precipitation experime ... | 2003 | 12657049 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens in north america in 1999-2000: findings of the protekt surveillance study. | the protekt surveillance study commenced in 1999 to examine the antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired respiratory pathogens. we report here the results from 2371 isolates collected during 2000 by north american centers (canada, n = 7; usa, n = 8). overall, 21.3% of pneumococci (n = 687) were penicillin g-resistant (canada, 10.3%; usa, 32.6%). corresponding rates of erythromycin resistance were 16.3% and 31.5%. telithromycin inhibited all penicillin- and erythromycin-resistant isolat ... | 2003 | 12729995 |
| comparative activity of garenoxacin (bms 284756), a novel desfluoroquinolone, tested against 8,331 isolates from community-acquired respiratory tract infections: north american results from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (1999-2001). | emerging resistances to orally administered antimicrobials have escalated among bacteria causing community-acquired respiratory infections (carti). the spectrum and potency of garenoxacin, (formerly bms 284756) was assessed against a collection of carti isolates from north american medical centers during a longitudinal surveillance study, the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (1999-2001). a total of 8,331 strains of hemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoni ... | 2003 | 12729999 |
| bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (blis) production by the normal flora of the nasopharynx: potential to protect against otitis media? | the normal bacterial flora of the upper airways provides an important barrier to invading pathogens. this study investigated the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (blis) by streptococci isolated from the nasopharyngeal flora of children who either do or do not experience recurrent acute otitis media (aom). twenty children with recurrent aom and 15 controls were tested. swabs from the nasopharynx were evaluated for streptococci having blis activity against two representative st ... | 2003 | 12909662 |
| susceptibilities to levofloxacin in streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis clinical isolates from children: results from 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 trust studies in the united states. | among respiratory tract isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae from children, resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (sxt) increases on an annual basis. pediatric patients who do not respond to conventional therapy for respiratory tract infections someday may be treated with fluoroquinolones. in this study, mics of beta-lactams, azithromycin, sxt, and levofloxacin were determined and interpreted by using nccls guidelines for isolates of s. pneumoni ... | 2003 | 12760850 |
| in vitro susceptibility of 4903 bacterial isolates to gemifloxacin--an advanced fluoroquinolone. | the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin against over 4900 bacterial isolates was determined by microbroth dilution with interpretation in accordance with nccls guidelines. susceptibility results were compared with those for ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. gemifloxacin and the other fluoroquinolones were not affected by either beta-lactamase production or penicillin-resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae. the mic90 values for gemifloxacin were: s. pneumoniae 0.063 mg/l; ... | 2003 | 12927955 |
| an unusual cause of endocarditis. | 2003 | 12930062 |