Publications

antimicrobial resistance in the nasopharyngeal flora of children with acute maxillary sinusitis and maxillary sinusitis recurring after amoxicillin therapy.	to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the organisms isolated from the nasopharynx of children who present with acute maxillary sinusitis (ams) or maxillary sinusitis that recurred (rms) after amoxicillin therapy.	2004	14729759
bro beta-lactamase alleles, antibiotic resistance and a test of the bro-1 selective replacement hypothesis in moraxella catarrhalis.	the hypothesis that bro-1 selectively replaced the bro-2 isoform of the moraxella catarrhalis bro beta-lactamase was tested by examining the temporal distribution, antibiotic resistance and epidemiological characteristics of isolates from a long-term collection at a single locale.	2004	14729761
in vitro activity of abt773, a new ketolide derivative exhibiting innovative microbiological properties against well-characterised antibiotic resistant pathogens in italy.	the in vitro activity of abt773, a new ketolide, was assessed against a collection (518) of well-characterised gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens and compared with that of other appropriate drugs. abt773 was active (mic-90=0.03 mg/l) against the staphylococci tested which included macrolide-resistant but clindamycin susceptible organisms. streptococcus pneumoniae, s. pyogenes and s. agalactiae were also inhibited (mic-90 range: <0.0075-0.5mg/l) irrespective of their antibiotic resistance ...	2004	14732308
protekt 1999-2000: a multicentre study of the antibiotic susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens in hong kong, japan and south korea.	a multicentre surveillance study performed in the far east during 1999-2000 investigated the in vitro activity of >20 antibacterials against common respiratory pathogens. in hong kong, japan, and south korea, 57.1, 44.5 and 71.5% streptococcus pneumoniae were penicillin-resistant and 71.4, 77.9 and 87.6% were erythromycin-resistant, respectively. overall, >90% of penicillin-resistant strains were also macrolide-resistant. all strains were susceptible to telithromycin. fluoroquinolone-resistant i ...	2004	14732313
analysis of moraxella catarrhalis outer membrane antigens cross-reactive with neisseria meningitidis and neisseria lactamica.	mouse sera against outer membrane proteins from moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria meningitidis and neisseria lactamica, and human sera from both healthy individuals and patients convalescing from meningococcal meningitis were used to identify cross-reactive antigens. mouse anti-n. meningitidis and anti-n. lactamica sera recognized 77, 62 and 32 kda outer membrane antigens in m. catarrhalis strains; on the contrary, the meningococcal porin porb (38-42 kda) was recognized by one of the two anti-m. ...	2004	14734192
new class of bacterial phenylalanyl-trna synthetase inhibitors with high potency and broad-spectrum activity.	phenylalanyl (phe)-trna synthetase (phe-rs) is an essential enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of phenylalanine to the phe-specific transfer rna (trna(phe)), a key step in protein biosynthesis. phenyl-thiazolylurea-sulfonamides were identified as a novel class of potent inhibitors of bacterial phe-rs by high-throughput screening and chemical variation of the screening hit. the compounds inhibit phe-rs of escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and staphylococcus aure ...	2004	14742205
building in efficacy: developing solutions to combat drug-resistant s. pneumoniae.	the development of our understanding of the pharmacokinetic (pk) and pharmacodynamic (pd) principles that determine antimicrobial efficacy has advanced substantially over the last 10 years. we are now in a position to use pk/pd principles to set targets for antimicrobial design and optimisation so that we can predict eradication of specific pathogens or resistant variants when agents are used clinically. optimisation of pk/pd parameters to enable the treatment of resistant pathogens with oral ag ...	2004	14759230
survival of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis frozen in skim milk- tryptone-glucose-glycerol medium.	in stgg (skim milk, tryptone, glucose, glycerol) medium at -80 degrees c, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis isolates survived for at least 3 years, and the same species have survived in nasopharyngeal swabs for at least 1.5 years. at -20 degrees c, s. pneumoniae and m. catarrhalis survived for 1.5 years, but h. influenzae survived for only 2 months.	2004	14715793
[a retrospective analysis of community-acquired pneumonia between 2000 and 2002 in a community hospital].	we previously reported a hospital-based retrospective study on community-acquired pneumonia (cap) at tagami hospital, which was a community hospital, between 1994 and 1997. this study was designed to clarify the etiology of cap diagnosed between 2000 and 2002. we analyzed a total of 124 cases of cap in our hospital during the study period, and compared the results with the previous data. identification of the causative organisms of cap was based on gram staining, the morphology of the colonies, ...	2004	14768367
pk-pd modelling of the effect of cefaclor on four different bacterial strains.	the effect of cefaclor against relevant bacterial strains was studied by employing a combined in vivo pharmacokinetic (pk)-in vitro pharmacodynamic (pd) approach. for this purpose selected isolates of escherichia coli, moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae were exposed in vitro to the interstitial cefaclor profile obtained in vivo in the interstitial space fluid of human tissue after administration of commonly used doses of cefaclor and the change in the numb ...	2004	15164961
antimicrobial susceptibility of haemophilus influenzae, haemophilus parainfluenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolated from adult patients with respiratory tract infections in four southern european countries. the arise project.	over a 7-month period in 2000-2001, 1213 haemophilus influenzae, 112 haemophilus parainfluenzae and 142 moraxella catarrhalis isolates were recovered from adult patients with respiratory tract infections. patients were from four southern european countries (spain, italy, portugal and greece). the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates to 11 antibiotics was determined in a central laboratory. the most active drugs on the basis of mics were levofloxacin, cefditoren, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime a ...	2004	15164972
antimicrobial resistance among pediatric respiratory tract infections: clinical challenges.	considerable development of antimicrobial resistance has occurred in the major pediatric bacterial pathogens, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. however, most of the respiratory infections that children suffer are viral and self-limiting, and only a small percentage of them will develop secondary bacterial infections with the pathogens listed. the challenge for rational antibiotic use is to determine which patients can be treated conservatively and which ...	2004	15175991
mechanisms of resistance among respiratory tract pathogens.	antimicrobial resistance among respiratory tract pathogens represents a significant health care threat. identifying the antimicrobial agents that remain effective in the presence of resistance, and knowing why, requires a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of action of the various agents as well as the mechanisms of resistance demonstrated among respiratory tract pathogens. the primary goal of antimicrobial therapy is to eradicate the pathogen, via killing or inhibiting bacteria, from the ...	2004	15177848
susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis to 17 oral antimicrobial agents based on pharmacodynamic parameters: 1998-2001 u s surveillance study.	pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters were used to interpret susceptibility data for the oral agents tested in a clinically meaningful way. among s pneumoniae isolates, >99% were susceptible to respiratory fluoroquinolones, 91.6% to amoxicillin, 92.1% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (95.2% at the extended-release formulation breakpoint), 90.6% to clindamycin, 80.4% to doxycycline, 71.0% to azithromycin, 72.3% to clarithromycin, 71.8% to cefprozil and cefdinir, 72.6% to cefuroxime axetil, 66. ...	2004	15177851
culture-independent analysis of midgut microbiota in the arbovirus vector culicoides sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae).	differences in midgut microbial communities inhabiting culicoides spp., insect vectors of virus pathogens, may affect the variation observed in the ability of these biting midges to propagate arthropod-borne viruses. as a first step toward addressing this hypothesis, midgut bacterial communities were compared between culicoides species expected to be efficient and inefficient vectors of virus pathogens. we used 16s rdna sequence and restriction fragment information to provisionally identify 36 b ...	2004	15185934
gemifloxacin: a new fluoroquinolone approved for treatment of respiratory infections.	to evaluate the microbiology, pharmacokinetic parameters, drug interactions, and results of the available clinical trials of gemifloxacin for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb).	2004	15187209
doripenem (s-4661), a novel carbapenem: comparative activity against contemporary pathogens including bactericidal action and preliminary in vitro methods evaluations.	to investigate the potency of doripenem, a broad-spectrum carbapenem characterized by a wider spectrum of activity combining antimicrobial and bactericidal features of imipenem and meropenem.	2004	15190031
antimicrobial susceptibility to levofloxacin and other antibacterial agents among common respiratory pathogens-a brazilian perspective from the global surveillance initiative 2001-2002.	the global (global landscape on bactericidal activity of levofloxacin) surveillance programme monitored antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the key respiratory tract pathogens streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis collected in brazil during 1997-1998, 1999-2000 and 2001-2002. penicillin and azithromycin resistance among s. pneumoniae strains increased from 1997-1998, reaching 7.9% and 9.5%, respectively, in 2001-2002. although decreasing by 4.9% since th ...	2004	15191379
[detection of los-specific antibody-secreting cells by elispot assay].	to detect dynamically the response of specific antibody-secreting cells elicited by a detoxified-lipooligosaccharide-cross-reactive mutant (dlos-crm) of diphtheria toxin conjugate vaccine for moraxella catarrhalis (m.cat).	2004	15193241
identification and characterization of outer membrane proteins g1a and g1b of moraxella catarrhalis.	moraxella catarrhalis is an important cause of otitis media, sinusitis, and lower respiratory tract infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the purified outer membrane of m. catarrhalis contains a 29 kda band, previously named outer membrane protein g1 (omp g1). polyclonal antiserum to the omp g1 band was used to screen a genomic lambda phage library and the gene for omp g1a was cloned and sequenced. analysis of outer membrane by isoelectric focusing and amino-terminal ...	2004	15193378
antimicrobial selection for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in the 21st century: a review of gemifloxacin.	community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) are more prevalent in the elderly than in children and younger adults and form a significant proportion of all consultations and hospital admissions in this older age group. furthermore, in a world of increasing life expectancy the trend seems unlikely to be reversed. antimicrobial treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) must cover streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, and in many circumst ...	2004	15194123
diagnosis of atypical pathogens in patients hospitalized with community-acquired respiratory infection.	the object of our study was to determine the proportion of atypical respiratory pathogens among patients hospitalized with a community-acquired respiratory infection. from september 1997 to may 1999, 159 patients (57% male, median age 55, range 1-88 y) admitted to 3 regional hospitals for a community acquired respiratory infection, were enrolled in the study. microbiological diagnosis for the atypical pathogens mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and legionella pneumophila was performed ...	2004	15198183
adhesion of ectomycorrhizal bacteria to plant cells: an in vitro evidence.	in this study we have investigated, by combining microbial and microscopical techniques, the adhesion ability of bacteria present in tuber borchii ectomycorrhizosphere. our data demonstrate that a common pool of bacteria - pseudomonas, bacillus, micrococcus and moraxella - occurs in all ectomycorrhizal homogenates and that most of these bacteria are able to attach in vitro to plant cells.	2004	15208089
cefdinir: a review of its use in the management of mild-to-moderate bacterial infections.	cefdinir (omnicef) is an oral third-generation cephalosporin with good in vitro activity against many pathogens commonly causative in community-acquired infections. the drug provides good coverage against haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and penicillin-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common respiratory tract pathogens. cefdinir is stable to hydrolysis by commonly occurring plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases and retains good activity against beta-lactamase-producing stra ...	2004	15212560
selection of resistance of telithromycin against haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococci in comparison with macrolides.	the in vitro abilities of telithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin to select for resistance were compared by testing isolates of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-haemolytic streptococci.	2004	15215227
immunization with the truncated adhesin moraxella catarrhalis immunoglobulin d-binding protein (mid764-913) is protective against m. catarrhalis in a mouse model of pulmonary clearance.	most moraxella catarrhalis isolates express the outer membrane protein mid. in addition to its specific affinity for immunoglobulin d, mid functions as an adhesin and binds to human epithelium. the adhesive part is localized within mid(764-913). two mid-deficient m. catarrhalis isolates were constructed and examined in a mouse model of pulmonary clearance. m. catarrhalis devoid of mid was cleared more efficiently, compared with the wild-type counterparts. furthermore, mice immunized with mid(764 ...	2004	15216472
evaluation of the uro-quick, a new rapid automated system, for the detection of well-characterized antibiotic-resistant bacteria.	the uro-quick system has been employed to detect antibiotic resistance in genotypically and/or phenotypically well-characterized bacterial species including those that might not be easily identified by routine procedure. in order to achieve full agreement between the antibiotic susceptibility results obtained by the reference method (nccls) and the uro-quick system, the optimal experimental conditions (inoculum size, time of incubation and antibiotic concentration) for each strain to be used by ...	2004	15216942
use of oral cephalosporins in the treatment of acute otitis media in children.	the selection of the most effective antimicrobial to treat acute otitis media (aom) has become more difficult in recent years because of increasing antibiotic resistance among all aom pathogens. resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin as well as amoxicillin ranges from 30 to 55% in the usa. currently, 40-55% of haemophilus influenzae and 90-100% of moraxella catarrhalis are resistant to penicillin because of the production of beta-lactamases. this review discusses the availability o ...	2004	15225855
[bacterial conjunctivitis: most prevalent pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity].	bacterial conjunctivitis is a self-limiting process, but topical antibiotic treatment is recommended to eradicate the pathogen and reduce symptom duration. since this treatment is usually empirical and prior cultures are not normally taken, the etiological agents involved in the process are unknown.	2004	15228931
is it spontaneous resolution or macrolide efficacy?		2004	15235369
activity of telithromycin against key pathogens associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections.	to investigate the correlation between in vitro susceptibility of isolates and clinical outcomes with telithromycin in respiratory tract infections.	2004	15236918
in vitro activity of tigecycline (gar-936) tested against 11,859 recent clinical isolates associated with community-acquired respiratory tract and gram-positive cutaneous infections.	tigecycline is a novel 9-t-butylglycylamido derivative of minocycline that has demonstrated activity against a variety of bacterial pathogens, including resistant isolates, during preclinical studies. in vitro activities of tigecycline and comparators were tested against 11,859 recent (2000 and 2002) bacterial strains recovered from patients in 29 countries with community-acquired respiratory tract disease (3,317 gram-positive and -negative strains) and skin and soft tissue infections (8,542 gra ...	2004	15246511
clinical and bacteriological efficacy and safety of 5 and 7 day regimens of telithromycin once daily compared with a 10 day regimen of clarithromycin twice daily in patients with mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia.	this study was conducted to investigate the potential equivalence in clinical efficacy and assess safety of a 5 or 7 day regimen of oral telithromycin (800 mg once daily) and a 10 day regimen of oral clarithromycin (500 mg twice daily) in treating community-acquired pneumonia (cap). bacteriological efficacy was also compared.	2004	15269191
antibacterial resistance of community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens recovered from patients in germany and activity of the ketolide telithromycin: results from the protekt surveillance study (1999-2000).	the prospective resistant organism tracking and epidemiology for the ketolide telithromycin (protekt) longitudinal global surveillance study examines the antibacterial susceptibility of community-acquired respiratory pathogens.	2004	15272227
strategies developed by bacteria and virus for protection from the human complement system.	the complement system is an important part of innate immunity providing immediate protection against pathogens without a need for previous exposure. its importance is clearly shown by the fact that patients lacking complement components suffer from fulminant and recurring infections. complement is an explosive cascade, and in order to control it there are inhibitors present on every human cell and also circulating in blood. however, many infectious agents have developed strategies to prevent cle ...	2004	15276914
a granulomatous conjunctivitis associated with morexella phenylpyruvica in an ostrich (struthio camelus).	the aim of study was to evaluate a case of granulomatous conjunctivitis, clinically and pathologically, in the right eye of a 2-year-old, female ostrich. a mass measuring 5 cm x 3 cm x 4 cm was removed surgically from the eye of the ostrich. morexella phenylpyruvica was recovered from the mass. on histopathological examination, hyperplasia or squamous metaplasia in some area of conjunctival palpebra, and a granulomatous inflammation in the submucosa were observed. the lesion was described as a g ...	2004	15276987
stability, antigenicity, and aggregation of moraxella bovis cytolysin after purification and storage.	to compare stability, antigenicity, and aggregation characteristics of moraxella bovis cytolysins among isolates from geographically diverse areas.	2004	15281658
impact of protein flexibility on hydride-transfer parameters in thermophilic and psychrophilic alcohol dehydrogenases.	the hydride transfer catalyzed by thermophilic alcohol dehydrogenase (htadh) exhibits sharply different kinetic and activation parameters from that catalyzed by the more flexible psychrophilic alcohol dehydrogenase (psadh). in addition, the hydride transfer in htadh is affected by mutating two distal residues that are suggested to be responsible for the decreased local protein flexibility in htadh. these observations provide support for the view that protein dynamics is tightly coupled to the hy ...	2004	15291528
mucoid nitrate-negative moraxella nonliquefaciens from three patients with chronic lung disease.	mucoid strains of moraxella nonliquefaciens were recovered from the sputa of three indigenous australians with chronic lung disease. these atypical strains failed to reduce nitrate, and one strain produced beta-lactamase. while the mucoid phenotype of m. nonliquefaciens has rarely been reported, the mucoid nitrate-negative biovar has never been previously reported.	2004	15297558
nasopharyngeal pathogens in children with acute otitis media in a low-antibiotic use country.	acute otitis media (aom) is one of the most common diseases of childhood. knowledge, of which bacteria are the most common pathogens in aom and their susceptibilities towards antibiotics, is essential for the reasonable empiric treatment. with rapidly increasing frequencies of antibiotic resistance surveillance of the common etiologic pathogens has become pertinent. the purpose of this paper is to present the bacteriological findings and antibiotic susceptibilities, in cultures from nasopharynge ...	2004	15302145
evaluation of restriction endonuclease analysis of bro beta-lactamases in clinical and carrier isolates of moraxella catarrhalis.	a rapid increase in the prevalance of beta-lactamase producing m. catarrhalis isolates has highlighted its pathogenic potential. in this study, we aimed to detect the bro beta-lactamases of our clinical (n = 32) and carrier (n =32) strains of moraxella catarrhalis and compare the relationship of the enzyme type in assesment of mic results of the antibiotics tested. bro beta-lactamases were differentiated by restriction endonuclease analysis. antibiotic susceptibility was performed by the agar di ...	2004	15307563
reduction of nasal colonization of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae following intranasal immunization with rlp4/rlp6/uspa2 proteins combined with aqueous formulation of rc529.	nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and moraxella catarrhalis are common causative agents of human mucosal infections. to formulate a mucosal vaccine against these pathogens, recombinant lipidated p4 (rlp4) and p6 (rlp6) proteins of nthi and ubiquitous cell surface protein a (uspa) of m. catarrhalis were used for active immunization experiments in a mouse nasal challenge model. balb/c mice were immunized intranasally with these proteins formulated with a chemically synthesized adjuvant, rc ...	2004	15308371
comparative antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens.	bacterial respiratory tract infections (rtis), whether primary or subsequent to viral infection, are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. treatment of these infections is most often empirical. therefore, an antimicrobial's antibacterial spectrum must include the most likely pathogens: streptococcus pneumoniae, the most frequent cause of community-acquired pneumonia (cap), haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and staphylococcus aureus, as well as atypicals such as myco ...	2004	15319548
antibiotic susceptibility of acute otitis media pathogens in otitis-prone belgian children.	a regional surveillance study was carried out in children with recurrent acute otitis media (aom) to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of three common aom pathogens. susceptibility to relevant antimicrobial agents was determined on 149 streptococcus pneumoniae, 246 haemophilus influenzae and 119 moraxella catarrhalis strains isolated between january 1999 and january 2002, either from the nasopharynx or middle ear of 74 children with recurrent aom, the majority (77%) being otitis-prone. ...	2004	15322870
in vitro activity of moxifloxacin against community respiratory pathogens in qatar.		2004	15325441
ceacam1a-/- mice are completely resistant to infection by murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus a59.	ceacam1a glycoproteins are members of the immunoglobulin (ig) superfamily and the carcinoembryonic antigen family. isoforms expressing either two or four alternatively spliced ig-like domains in mice have been found in a number of epithelial, endothelial, or hematopoietic tissues. ceacam1a functions as an intercellular adhesion molecule, an angiogenic factor, and a tumor cell growth inhibitor. moreover, the mouse and human ceacam1a proteins are targets of viral or bacterial pathogens, respective ...	2004	15331748
[infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) in cows, clinical and lab review at four farms].	after several reports to the gd (dutch animal health service) from practitioners in the netherlands concerning serious infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) in dairy herds during summer and autumn 2003, the gd has carried out a pilot-study to determine the most responsible agent. this pilot was thought to be important because of the painfulness of the illness and problems like, (for the farmer) an intensive and difficult therapy. also the report of a chlamydophilae infection causing ibk i ...	2004	15347189
[etiology of acute otitis media in a children's hospital and antibiotic sensitivity of the bacteria involved].	this study provides an update on the bacterial etiology of acute otitis media in our area, the antibiotic sensitivity of the bacteria implicated in this condition, and the prevalence of circulating streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes.	2004	15355766
multicenter surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis to 14 oral antibiotics.	data on the in vitro activities of orally administered cephalosporins, particularly third-generation cephalosporins, against recent pathogens responsible for community-respiratory tract infection are lacking.	2004	15361938
characteristics of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis isolated from the nasopharynges of asymptomatic children and molecular analysis of s. pneumoniae and h. influenzae strain replacement in the nasopharynx.	nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis in 226 children in different settings (in a crèche [day care center], in an orphanage, and at home) during two seasons (winter and spring) was studied. the rates of carriage of s. pneumoniae and h. influenzae were markedly higher in the crèche and in the orphanage than in the home setting (e.g., 56.5, 63.3, and 25.9%, respectively, for s. pneumoniae in winter). approximately 80% of the s. pneum ...	2004	15364973
use of an oligonucleotide array for laboratory diagnosis of bacteria responsible for acute upper respiratory infections.	we developed a diagnostic array of oligonucleotide probes targeting species-specific variable regions of the genes encoding topoisomerases gyrb and pare of respiratory bacterial pathogens. suitable broad-range primer sequences were designed based on alignment of gyrb/pare sequences from nine different bacterial species. these species included corynebacterium diphtheriae, fusobacterium necrophorum, haemophilus influenzae, legionella pneumophila, moraxella catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, staph ...	2004	15365022
[susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (2002)].	from october 2002 to september 2003, we collected the specimen from 476 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 16 institutions in japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. of 584 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in inflammation, 578 strains were examined. the breakdown of the isolated bacteria were: staphylococcus aureus 77, streptoco ...	2004	15376784
the emerging pathogen moraxella catarrhalis interacts with complement inhibitor c4b binding protein through ubiquitous surface proteins a1 and a2.	moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface protein a2 (uspa2) mediates resistance to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum. in this study, an interaction between the complement fluid phase regulator of the classical pathway, c4b binding protein (c4bp), and m. catarrhalis mutants lacking uspa1 and/or uspa2 was analyzed by flow cytometry and a ria. two clinical isolates of m. catarrhalis expressed uspa2 at a higher density than uspa1. the uspa1 mutants showed a decreased c4bp binding (37.6 ...	2004	15383594
[characterization of microbial population present in the edible seaweed, monostroma undulatum, wittrock].	the microbiological quality of monostroma undulatum, wittrock from the southern argentinean coast, was studied for its application for human food. also the diversity and function of the native bacterial population to this green seaweed was analyzed. samples were collected in puerto deseado, province of santa cruz, southern argentina (47 degrees 45'l.s., 65 degrees 55'l.w). the samples were analyzed for the presence of psycotrophic heterotrophic bacteria, marine heterotrophic bacteria, low nutrit ...	2004	15807211
infective endocarditis due to moraxella lacunata: report of 4 patients and review of published cases of moraxella endocarditis.	moraxella is an aerobic, oxidase-positive, gram-negative coccobacillus, which is rarely associated with serious and invasive infections. we describe 4 cases of moraxella lacunata endocarditis and review 12 previously published cases of moraxella endocarditis, including 1 further case with m. lacunata, 5 with m. catarrhalis, 2 with m. phenylperuvica and the remainder consisting of 1 case each of m. liquefaciens, m. osloensis, m. nonliquefaciens and 1 non-specified. of these 16 patients, 5 had pro ...	2004	15764178
[susceptibility of branhamella catarrhalis to antibiotics].	a total of 98 isolates of branhamella catarrhalis were examined for their susceptibility to antibiotics using serial dilution method. nitrocefin test was employed for detection of beta-lactamase activity. it was found that most of the isolates (71%) were resistant to ampicillin. resistance to this antibiotic was accompanied by ability to beta-lactamase production. on the other hand, all isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid combination. almost all isolates were susceptible t ...	2004	15773499
a novel plasmid (pemcjh03) isolated from moraxella catarrhalis possibly useful as a cloning and expression vector within this species.	a preliminary screening study of six moraxella catarrhalis isolates from primary school children in the netherlands identified a small 3.5 kb plasmid (pemcjh03), containing four open reading frames, which encoded three mobilizing and one replicase protein. insertion of a kanamycin containing transposon (yielding pemcjh04) allowed selection and isolation of the plasmid in escherichia coli. natural transformation of pemcjh04 into m. catarrhalis was successful for 25% (3/12) of non-isogenic isolate ...	2004	15848230
[moraxella catarrhalis in chronic and relapsing respiratory tract infections in children].	examination of 700 children with chronic and relapsing respiratory tract infections showed that during the period from 1996 to 2003 moraxella catarrhalis strains were isolated from the sputum of 5.5-9.7% of the patients. the frequency of the emergence was the third after haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae. in healthy children m. catarrhalis was isolated in 2.7% of the cases. the most frequent detection of m. catarrhalis was stated in children under 1 year (4.5%). the antibiotic ...	2004	15727145
[molecular characterization of bro beta-lactamases of moraxella catarrhalis strains isolated from carrier children].	nasopharyngeal carriage of moraxella catarrhalis is a risk factor for upper respiratory tract infections and otitis media. in this study, we aimed to characterize bro beta-lactamases of m. catarrhalis strains isolated from 64 children without any symptoms of respiratory disease. gram negative diplococci grown on selective media and which are catalase, oxidase, dnase, nitrate reduction positive, glucose, maltose, sucrose and lactose fermentation negative, were diagnosed as m. catarrhalis. antibio ...	2004	15700658
amperometric microbial biosensor for p-nitrophenol using moraxella sp.-modified carbon paste electrode.	an amperometric microbial biosensor for highly specific, sensitive and rapid quantitative determination of p-nitrophenol was developed. the biosensor takes advantage of the ability of moraxella sp. to specifically degrade p-nitrophenol to hydroquinone, a more electroactive compound than p-nitrophenol. the electrochemical oxidation current of hydroquinone formed in biodegradation of p-nitrophenol was measured at moraxella sp.-modified carbon paste electrode and correlated to p-phenol concentratio ...	2004	16076444
molecular diversity of moraxella bovis isolated from brazil, argentina and uruguay over a period of three decades.	the molecular profile of 30 moraxella bovis strains, recovered from outbreaks of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in argentina, brazil and uruguay between 1974 and 2001, was determined through randomly applied polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. molecular profiles of nine strains recovered after 1990 varied from those recovered before 1990. the profiles of 13 strains (48%) differed from those of three vaccinal strains extensively used since 1984 in argentina and uruguay. eight argentinean str ...	2004	14623151
antibacterial resistance among children with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (protekt 1999-2000).	to determine the susceptibility of bacterial respiratory tract pathogens, isolated from children (0-12 years) as part of the global protekt surveillance study (1999-2000), to a range of antibacterials, including the ketolide telithromycin.	2004	14667791
current issues in the management of bacterial respiratory tract disease: the challenge of antibacterial resistance.	the worldwide burden of respiratory tract disease is enormous. resistance to penicillins, macrolides, and cephalosporins is now detected among the leading bacterial pathogens that cause respiratory tract infections (rtis)-streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. the increasing role of atypical/intracellular pathogens (eg, chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila) in rtis, as well as their increase in antibiotic resistance prevalence, ...	2003	14671500
the microbiology of glue ear in australian aboriginal children.	to study the bacterial cultures of middle ear aspirates from 27 aboriginal children with otitis media with effusion.	2003	14629496
acute otitis media in pediatric medicine: current issues in epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.	acute otitis media (aom) is not only the most common bacterial infection in children in the united states, it is also the most common indication for the prescription of antibiotics. unfortunately, antibiotic resistance to pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis) typically causative of aom, continues to increase. more than 30% of the beta-lactamase producing h. influenzae are resistant to amoxicillin and virtually all strains of m. catarrhalis are be ...	2003	14632101
acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in pediatric medicine: current issues in diagnosis and management.	in children, acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is a common infection and although rare, carries a potential for serious, life threatening complications. bacterial rhinosinusitis usually follows a viral infection or allergic rhinitis. early, effective antibacterial therapy is essential to shorten the duration of infection and illness, to diminish mucosal damage, and to prevent contiguous infectious involvement of the orbit or central nervous system. because the signs and symptoms of acute bacterial ...	2003	14632103
novel antibacterial class.	we report the discovery and characterization of a novel ribosome inhibitor (nri) class that exhibits selective and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. compounds in this class inhibit growth of many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including the common respiratory pathogens streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus, and moraxella catarrhalis, and are nontoxic to human cell lines. the first nri was discovered in a high-throughput screen designed to identif ...	2003	14638491
salivary antibodies directed against outer membrane proteins of moraxella catarrhalis in healthy adults.	moraxella catarrhalis is a major mucosal pathogen of the human respiratory tract, but the mucosal immune response directed against surface components of this organism has not been characterized in detail. the aim of this study was to investigate the salivary immunoglobulin a (iga) response toward outer membrane proteins (omp) of m. catarrhalis in healthy adults, the group of individuals least likely to be colonized and thus most likely to display mucosal immunity. unstimulated saliva samples col ...	2003	14638765
[bacteria and resistance to antibiotics in acute otitis media in paediatrics, depending on the geographical origin].	epidemiology of the bacteria responsible: acute otitis media (aom) is the most common bacterial infection in childhood below the age of 5 years. bacteria may be isolated from middle ear fluid in about two-thirds of patients. the prevalence of bacteria varies from one country to the next. the most common pathogens recovered are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae (20-50%) and less frequently moraxella catarrhalis (10%). however, several recent reports suggest an increasing rate of is ...	2003	14663392
in vitro antibacterial potency and spectrum of abt-492, a new fluoroquinolone.	abt-492 demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against most quinolone-susceptible pathogens. the rank order of potency was abt-492 > trovafloxacin > levofloxacin > ciprofloxacin against quinolone-susceptible staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci. abt-492 had activity comparable to those of trovafloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against seven species of quinolone-susceptible members of the family enterobacteriaceae, although it was less active than the comparators against citro ...	2003	14506039
vaccines for moraxella catarrhalis and non-typeable haemophilus influenzae.	the development of vaccines against non-typeable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis represents a difficult challenge. both bacteria are mucosal surface pathogens and protection may require a mucosal immune response. in addition, the surface antigens of non-typeable haemophilus influenzae are hypervariable and animal models of infection with these bacteria may not be predictive of human efficacy. vaccine development has focused on conserved surface exposed antigens, including integr ...	2003	14508879
comparative activity of garenoxacin and other agents by susceptibility and time-kill testing against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes and respiratory pathogens.	garenoxacin is a novel des-f(6)quinolone that has shown excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of clinically important microorganisms. in this study, its activity was examined, in comparison with that of other antimicrobial agents, by susceptibility and time-kill testing against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes and respiratory pathogens.	2003	14519672
nasopharyngeal flora and drug susceptibility in children with macrolide therapy.	low-dose, long-term administration of macrolides (macrolide therapy) has been used as an effective treatment for chronic respiratory tract diseases. the authors reported on the nasopharyngeal flora in children treated with macrolide therapy.	2003	14520106
amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium extended release tablets: a new antimicrobial for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis and community-acquired pneumonia.	community-acquired bacterial respiratory tract infections are among the most common health disorders requiring medical care and are associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and direct and indirect costs. recent increases in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance have resulted in reduced susceptibility of the most common respiratory tract bacterial pathogens to a number of antimicrobials. amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium extended release (er) tablets (augmentin xr, glaxosmithkline) ...	2003	14521493
[comparative in vitro activity of garenoxacin (bms-284756). sentry program, spain (1999-2000)].	to evaluate the in vitro activity of the new des-fluoro quinolone, garenoxacin (bms-284756), compared to activities of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and gatifloxacin in clinical isolates recovered over 1999 and 2000 within the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program.	2003	14525705
[comparative study of microbial communities from cultured and natural population of the mussel mytilus trossulus in peter the great bay].	the 525 strains of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from natural and cultured populations of the mussel mytilus trossulus and the surrounding seawater were identified to a genus level on the basis of phenotypic analysis and the fatty acid composition of cell lipids. gram-negative isolates were dominated by six genera of the family enterobacteriaceae and by the genera pseudoalteromonas, vibrio, photobacterium, cytophaga/flavobacterium/bacteroides, pseudomonas, and moraxella, gram-positive isolates ...	2003	14526545
microbial dynamics of purulent nasopharyngitis in children.	this review presents the microbiological dynamic and therapeutic options in the management of purulent nasopharyngitis (npt). the nasopharynx (np) of healthy children is generally colonized by relatively non-pathogenic aerobic and anaerobic organisms, some of, which possess the ability to interfere with the growth of potential pathogens. conversely, carriage of potential respiratory aerobic pathogen such as streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, as well as so ...	2003	14550957
worldwide trends in antimicrobial resistance among common respiratory tract pathogens in children.	respiratory tract infections among children are a common reason for health care provider visits and the primary reason for antimicrobial prescribing in this population. the increased prevalence of resistance among streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae pathogens poses a serious challenge in the successful treatment of respiratory tract infections caused by these pathogens.	2003	14566997
macrolide resistance: an increasing concern for treatment failure in children.	antimicrobial treatment of pediatric respiratory tract infections has evolved during the past 30 years as a result of antimicrobial resistance. the focus of antimicrobial therapy in these conditions has shifted from penicillins to other agents because of the dramatic increase in antimicrobial resistance among common respiratory pathogens, including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. it is important for clinicians to understand how resistance develops so t ...	2003	14566999
amoxicillin/clavulanate for infections in infants and children: past, present and future.	chemical synthesis of the penicillin nucleus in the 1950s made introduction of a broad array of new and important antimicrobials, including ampicillin and amoxicillin, possible. ampicillin was introduced in 1962 in oral and parenteral forms as the first of the semisynthetic penicillins to provide increased activity against gram-negative bacteria. amoxicillin replaced oral ampicillin beginning in 1974 because amoxicillin resulted in higher and more prolonged serum concentrations than did equivale ...	2003	14567000
[yearly changes in antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates between 1996 and 2001--ii. gram-negative bacteria].	the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2001 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems and carbapenems. a total of 3,245 strains in 32 species of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from january to december, and consisted of moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, citrobact ...	2003	14567255
prevention and management of antibacterial resistance for primary care patients with respiratory tract infections.	this review examines the problem of increasing antibacterial resistance among the pathogens commonly associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections, particularly streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. the increases in morbidity, mortality, and treatment cost associated with increased resistance to available antibiotics are challenging prescribers to find more effective therapeutic strategies. a medline search of the literature from 1966 to t ...	2003	14570346
identification of a 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthetic operon in moraxella catarrhalis and analysis of a kdsa-deficient isogenic mutant.	lipooligosaccharide (los), a predominant surface-exposed component of the outer membrane, has been implicated as a virulence factor in the pathogenesis of moraxella catarrhalis infections. however, the critical steps involved in the biosynthesis and assembly of m. catarrhalis los currently remain undefined. in this study, we used random transposon mutagenesis to identify a 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo) biosynthetic operon in m. catarrhalis with the gene order pyrg-kdsa-eno. the lipid a- ...	2003	14573664
does the tonsillar surface flora differ in children with and without tonsillar disease?	to investigate whether the tonsillar flora differ in children with and without adenotonsillar disease.	2003	14575405
comparison of bsac agar dilution and nccls broth microdilution mic methods for in vitro susceptibility testing of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis: the bsac respiratory resistance surveillance programme.	the aim of this study was to establish the degree of comparability between the nccls broth microdilution and bsac agar dilution mic methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing.	2003	14585864
antimicrobial susceptibility of lower respiratory tract pathogens in great britain and ireland 1999-2001 related to demographic and geographical factors: the bsac respiratory resistance surveillance programme.	the aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired lower respiratory pathogens in great britain and ireland, and investigate its relationship with demographic and geographical factors using multiple logistic regression analysis.	2003	14585865
contemporary evaluation of the in vitro activity and spectrum of cefdinir compared with other orally administered antimicrobials tested against common respiratory tract pathogens (2000-2002).	cefdinir is an oral cephalosporin approved by the food and drug administration in 1997 for the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pharyngitis-tonsillitis, community-acquired pneumonia, acute maxillary sinusitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in adults and adolescents, and acute otitis media, pharyngitis-tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in children. although cefdinir showed similar activity to other cephalosporins in the ...	2003	14596971
in vitro activity of telithromycin compared with macrolides and fluoroquinolones against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis.	the in vitro activity of telithromycin was compared with erythromycin a, azithromycin, clarithromycin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, penicillin g, ampicillin, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone against 336 consecutive strains (83 streptococcus pneumoniae, 168 haemophilus influenzae and 85 moraxella catarrhalis) isolated from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections. telithromycin (mic(90), 0.008 mg/l) was the most active drug against s. pneumoniae. telithr ...	2003	14602368
correlation between susceptibility and bro type enzyme of moraxella catarrhalis strains.	clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis (76 isolates) were screened for beta-lactamase production and antibiotic susceptibility. beta-lactamases (detected in 90.8% of isolates) were typed using isoelectric focusing to bro-1 (87%) and bro-2 (13%). minor variations in electrofocusing patterns between the two types were seen. isolates expressing bro type enzymes showed solid resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and cephalothin, in particular bro-1 producers. bro-1 isolates were less susceptible ...	2003	14602374
presumed endocarditis caused by bro beta-lactamase-producing moraxella lacunata in an infant with fallot's tetrad.	a case of presumed endocarditis caused by moraxella lacunata in a 15-month-old male infant with fallot's tetrad is described. this infection may have occurred as the result of transmission of this organism between the father and his son. this is the first report of bro beta-lactamase-producing m. lacunata causing presumed endocarditis.	2003	14605192
bacteriologic findings in patients with chronic sinusitis.	we studied the bacteriology of maxillary sinus aspirates obtained from patients diagnosed with chronic sinusitis. we recovered 659 strains from 510 aspirates; of these, 572 (86.8%) were aerobes and 87 (13.2%) were anaerobes. aerobes only were recovered from 310 of the 510 specimens (60.8%) and anaerobes only from 31 (6.1%). among the 572 aerobic bacteria, the most prevalent organisms were streptococcus viridans (158 strains [27.6%]), streptococcus pneumoniae (67 [11.7%]), corynebacterium species ...	2003	14606178
bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of oral gatifloxacin for the treatment of recurrent/nonresponsive acute otitis media: an open label, noncomparative, double tympanocentesis study.	gatifloxacin is an 8-methoxyfluoroquinolone with good activity against respiratory pathogens.	2003	14614364
open label, multicenter study of gatifloxacin treatment of recurrent otitis media and acute otitis media treatment failure.	recurrent otitis media and treatment failures of acute infections are refractory to therapy. newer fluoroquinolones have excellent activity against respiratory pathogens, but their use in children has been limited because of concerns about adverse effects.	2003	14614365
a mouse model for acute otitis media.	to induce acute otitis media in the mouse and to describe the clinical and bacteriological course of the infection, middle ears of balb/c, swiss-webster and c57bl/6 mice were inoculated with streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. systemic and local changes were monitored by clinical observations, otomicroscopy, and analysis of bacterial samples from blood and middle ears. agglutination of mouse erythrocytes by m. catarrhalis was also tested. depending on bact ...	2003	14616553
antimicrobial activity of lb10827, a new orally administered cephalosporin, tested against haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae.	a new orally administered cephalosporin, lb10827, was compared to 16 other antimicrobial agents tested against streptococcus pneumoniae (520 strains), haemophilus influenzae (302 strains) and moraxella catarrhalis (188 strains) by reference broth microdilution methods. lb10827 (mic90, 0.12 mg/l; highest mic, 0.5 mg/l) was 8-16-fold more potent than cefdinir, cefpodoxime or cefuroxime when tested against s. pneumoniae. all gram-negative strains were inhibited at </= 0.5 mg/l lb10827, which is an ...	2003	14616716
acute otitis media in children: amoxicillin remains the standard antibiotic, but justified in certain situations only.	(1) the best-assessed antibacterial agents in otitis are penicillin v and amoxicillin. no other antibacterial agents are any more effective in clinical trials. (2) in france, amoxicillin seems the best choice because it is still active against pneumococci with diminished sensitivity to penicillin. also, amoxicillin causes very few serious adverse effects. (3) there is no firm evidence that clavulanic acid makes amoxicillin any more effective. in fact the combination of amoxicillin + clavulanic a ...	2003	14619906
antigenic relationships of moraxella bovis isolates recovered from outbreaks of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in argentina, brazil, and uruguay between 1983 and 2000.	cross-reactivity indices (cris) of 28 isolates of moraxella bovis recovered from outbreaks of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in argentina (a, 11 isolates), brazil (b, 7), and uruguay (u, 10) between 1983 and 2000 were estimated. hyperimmune sera were produced in rabbits and antibody titres determined with each isolate. isolates showing cris3 70 were placed in the same group. group i had 13 isolates (a, 1; b, 6; u, 6); group ii had 6 isolates (a, 4; u, 2); groups iii, iv, and v had 2 isol ...	2003	14620871
new antibacterial tetrahydro-4(2h)-thiopyran and thiomorpholine s-oxide and s,s-dioxide phenyloxazolidinones.	combinatorial libraries of n-acylated 5-(s)-aminomethyloxazolidinone derivatives of s-oxide and s,s-dioxide tetrahydro-4(2h)-thiopyranyl and thiomorpholine phenyloxazolidinone series have been synthesized on a solid phase and evaluated for antimicrobial activity. several novel potent leads have been identified, including orally active oxazolidinones with enhanced activity against respiratory tract infection pathogens haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis.	2003	14623003
national surveillance programme on susceptibility patterns of respiratory pathogens in south africa: moxifloxacin compared with eight other antimicrobial agents.	the susceptibility patterns of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, and streptococcus pyogenes isolated from specimens submitted to 12 private laboratories in south africa were determined.	2003	12719453
[moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis infection].		2003	12722241