| ubiquitousness of legionella pneumophila in the water supply of a hospital with endemic legionnaires' disease. | | 1982 | 7057845 |
| hemodialysis fistula infections caused by legionella pneumophila. | legionella pneumophila was found in the infected hemodialysis fistulas of two patients. the first patient developed an infection of the fistula during acute illness with legionnaires' pneumonia. legionella organisms were shown to be present in the graft by direct immunofluorescent staining. the second patient developed an infection of the hemodialysis fistula 3 weeks after completing a course of erythromycin therapy for legionnaires' pneumonia. legionella organisms were found by direct immunoflu ... | 1982 | 7059065 |
| pneumonic and nonpneumonic forms of legionellosis. the result of a common-source exposure to legionella pneumophila. | two male maintenance workers contracted legionellosis while cleaning the interior of a cooling tower contaminated with legionella pneumophila. in one man severe, life-threatening legionnaires' disease developed, whereas the other experienced a comparatively mild, self-limiting illness that was consistent with previous descriptions of cases of pontiac fever. this report represents the first documentation of the development of both of these syndromes following exposure to a common source of the or ... | 1982 | 7065789 |
| virulence conversion of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 by passage in guinea pigs and embryonated eggs. | when virulent legionella pneumophila is passaged on supplemented mueller-hinton agar, it remains virulent for guinea pigs and embryonated hen eggs for two passages. however, by the fifth passage the cultures become avirulent for guinea pigs. flagella were not produced by l. pneumophila on the first passage on supplemented mueller-hinton agar. in contrast, 12 passages on charcoal-yeast extract agar did not result in the reduction of virulence or the loss of flagella of l. pneumophila. growth in s ... | 1982 | 7068223 |
| disseminated legionella pneumophila infection in an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency. | | 1982 | 7069537 |
| legionnaires' disease and fever of unknown origin. | in a patient with fever of unknown origin and granulomas of the liver extensive serological testing revealed a significant rise in antibodies only to legionella pneumophila despite the fact that he never was shown to have pneumonia. absorption studies yielded additional evidence that this immunological response was specific for l. pneumophila. bacteremia and extrapulmonary involvement, including the liver, has been shown with l. pneumophila, but never without pneumonia. furthermore, granulomas o ... | 1982 | 7071531 |
| a heat-labile necrotic activity in supernatants from cultures of legionella pneumophila. | crude, concentrated extra-cellular supernatants from legionella pneumophila produced a soft-tissue necrosis, demonstrated by intraperitoneal or sub-cutaneous injections into infant mice. the reaction was rapid and gave a hemorrhagic tissue necrosis within minutes. being heat-labile, this tissue reaction is different from those of a heat-stable cytotoxin and a heat-stable hemolysin previously described. | 1982 | 7080833 |
| legionella pneumophila in cooling water systems. report of a survey of cooling towers in london and a pilot trial of selected biocides. | fourteen recirculating cooling water systems were surveyed during the summer, 1981, to see what factors might influence the prevalence of legionella pneumophila. the effect on the organism of three anti-microbials was studied, each in two systems, by intermittent treatment at two week intervals. l. pneumophila was isolated from six of the 14 cooling systems at the beginning of the trial but by the end was present in ten. an association was found between the presence of the organism and the conce ... | 1982 | 7086112 |
| legionella pneumophila in a hospital water supply. | | 1982 | 7088109 |
| concurrent legionnaires' disease and active pulmonary tuberculosis. | a 68-yr-old man was admitted to the hospital with severe legionnaires' disease, which was serologically confirmed by a 6-fold increase in antibody titers to legionella pneumophila, serogroup 1. the patient improved dramatically with intravenously administered erythromycin therapy but was discharged from the hospital with residual debility and pulmonary complaints later recognized as being caused by active pulmonary tuberculosis. the diagnostic and therapeutic confusion engendered by the concurre ... | 1982 | 7091885 |
| myelosuppression in legionnaires' disease. | a patient undergoing examination for moderately severe renal insufficiency had fulminant five-lobed pneumonia caused by legionella pneumophila. her clinical course was complicated by granulocytopenia. bone marrow aspiration showed notable inhibition of myelopoiesis, involving all stages of maturation. the presence of a serum inhibitor of granulopoiesis was demonstrated by in vitro bone marrow culture. normal bone marrow cultured in the presence of serum from two normal control subjects yielded 6 ... | 1982 | 7092451 |
| legionnaire's disease in palermo and possible involvement of legionella pneumophila in cases of pericardial effusion. | | 1982 | 7095861 |
| formalised yolk sac antigen in early diagnosis of legionnaires' disease caused by legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. | | 1982 | 7096602 |
| [psittacosis as a cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (author's transl)]. | diagnosis of acute, primary extensive pneumopathies provoking severe hypoxemia is particularly difficult, became of the non-specific radiological findings, resulting from the oedema and associated alveolar collapse, and the fact that the clinical picture and biological test results are not very characteristic of a particular etiology. similar findings may be obtained, therefore, in bacterial pneumopathies so-called typical pulmonary affections, certain forms of acute, tuberculosis, and other typ ... | 1982 | 7103304 |
| hot water systems as sources of legionella pneumophila in hospital and nonhospital plumbing fixtures. | samples obtained from plumbing systems of hospitals, nonhospital institutions and homes were cultured for legionella spp. by plating the samples directly on a selective medium. swab samples were taken from the inner surfaces of faucet assemblies (aerators, spouts, and valve seats), showerheads, and shower pipes. water and sediment were collected from the bottom of hot-water tanks. legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 5, and 6 were recovered from plumbing fixtures of the hospitals and nonhospital ... | 1982 | 7103477 |
| multiplication of legionella pneumophila in unsterilized tap water. | naturally occurring legionella pneumophila, an environmental isolate which had not been grown on artificial medium, was tested for the ability to multiply in tap water. a showerhead containing l. pneumophila and non-legionellaceae bacteria was immersed in nonsterile tap water supplying this fixture. also l. pneumophila and non-legionellaceae bacteria were sedimented from tap water from a surgical intensive care unit. this bacterial suspension was inoculated into tap water from our laboratory. th ... | 1982 | 7103487 |
| [clinical picture of legionnaires' disease (author's transl)]. | legionella infections can take the clinical course of a relatively harmless respiratory infection. however, serious, atypical pneumonia is a more frequent manifestation of infection with these pathogens. as yet, six different legionella species can be identified; legionella pneumophila appears to be the most common. legionnaires' pneumonia is being found with increasing regularity during summer and autumn in elderly male patients with previous illnesses. the clinical picture is characterised by ... | 1982 | 7107021 |
| survival of legionella pneumophila after decontamination with paraformaldehyde gas. | | 1982 | 7108276 |
| [new etiological factors in pneumonia: chlamydia trachomatis and legionella pneumophila]. | | 1982 | 7110803 |
| plasmid and surface antigen markers of endemic and epidemic legionella pneumophila strains. | environmental and clinical isolates of legionella pneumophila obtained from the pittsburgh veterans administration medical center were studied for the presence of plasmids and for unique surface antigens. the majority of environmental isolates contained a single 80-megadalton plasmid. after an epidemic of nosocomial legionnaires disease subsided in the spring of 1981, plasmid-bearing environmental isolates persisted in the environment. whereas l. pneumophila could not be reisolated from most sit ... | 1982 | 7119096 |
| a rapid microagglutination test for the diagnosis of legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) infection. | a rapid microagglutination test has been developed which can be performed in 30 minutes. ninety-seven percent of 96 patients diagnosed as having legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) infection by indirect immunofluorescence were also detected by the rapid microagglutination test. | 1982 | 7119121 |
| ultrastructure of the cell envelope layers and surface details of legionella pneumophila. | ten strains representing six serogroups of legionella pneumophila were examined by electron microscopy using freeze-etching, thin-sectioning and negative-staining techniques. in addition, selected strains were examined further as shadowed and freeze-dried preparations and by scanning electron microscopy. the cell envelope consisted of two membranes, evident in fractured specimens as four short ridges. the major fracture plane was through the inner membrane, and therefore the protoplasmic and ext ... | 1982 | 7119742 |
| pathological and biochemical features of legionella pneumophila infection in guinea-pigs. | the main pathological feature of experimental legionellosis produced by the intraperitoneal inoculation of guinea-pigs was a fibrinopurulent peritonitis, especially over the liver and spleen. foci of necrosis were present in these organs from the second to seventh day after infection. early biochemical changes in the serum included significant decreases in the concentration of zinc and iron, and increases in copper and triglycerides. phenylalanine to tyrosine ratios increased strikingly, but fre ... | 1982 | 7120355 |
| lytic activity of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus against bacteria of the family legionellaceae. | a lytic activity of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strains 6-5-s and 12 was found to be present, against representatives of three legionella species: legionella pneumophila-strains knoxville 1 (serogroup 1), togus 1 (serogroup 2), bloomington 2 (serogroup 3) and los angeles 1 (serogroup 4); legionella micdadei-strain tatlock; legionella bozemanii-strain wiga, as well as against strains of legionella pneumophila isolated in bulgaria-draginovo 1, 2, 3-belonging to serogroup 1. it is suggested that b. ... | 1982 | 7124158 |
| legionnaires' disease: new clinical perspective from a prospective pneumonia study. | in an attempt to ascertain the incidence of legionnaires' disease at our hospital, a prospective case-control pneumonia study was conducted for 11 months. specialized diagnostic tests for legionella pneumophila, including serologic study, direct immunofluorescent examination, and selective culture, were made routinely available in our hospital. to our surprise, l. pneumophila was the most common cause of pneumonia (22.5 percent) attributable to a single pathogen, followed by streptococcus pneumo ... | 1982 | 7124763 |
| legionellosis--the 1980 san francisco outbreak. | during the first half of march 1980, an unseasonal outbreak of legionellosis, which involved at least 14 of approximately 1,000 workers, occurred in a 6-month-old office building in san francisco. an epidemiologic investigation revealed that persons 50 yr of age and older were at increased risk of disease. the outbreak was temporally associated with operation of the building's air conditioning system. in addition, legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 4, and 6 were identified in water samples tak ... | 1982 | 7125358 |
| isolation of legionella pneumophila from hospital water systems in victoria. | a survey of water symptoms in 12 victorian hospitals was undertaken to establish the prevalence of legionella pneumophila in buildings not known to be associated with cases of legionnaires' disease. samples of hot, cold and shower water were taken, together with water from cooling towers, and isolation was attempted by guinea-pig inoculation. legionella pneumophila was not isolated from any of the hot, cold or shower samples, but six strains were isolated from five of the cooling towers sampled. | 1982 | 7132874 |
| isolation of legionella pneumophila from a lung specimen. | | 1982 | 7133222 |
| [severe pneumopathy due to legionella pneumophila: report on two cases]. | two patients with severe forms of legionnaires' disease presented similar manifestations of a confusional syndrome, a major infectious syndrome resistant to cyclines, beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides, altered hepatic and renal functions, and a fulminating course with the need for assisted ventilation in one case. indirect immunofluorescence serology gave very positive results in both patients and changes in serum levels were reported 6 and 8 months after the onset of the disease. a serotype i s ... | 1982 | 7134103 |
| lipid a in legionella pneumophila. | | 1982 | 7136354 |
| growth of legionella pneumophila in defined media: requirement for magnesium and potassium. | the inorganic ions magnesium and potassium were required for optimal growth of legionella pneumophila in a chemically defined medium composed of amino acids and inorganic salts. optimum growth was obtained at concentrations of approximately 20 micrograms/ml (80 microm) mgso4 x 7h2o and 150 micrograms/ml (2 mm) kcl. comparable results were obtained with all six serogroups of l. pneumophila as well as with both laboratory-adapted and animal-passed strains. | 1982 | 7139412 |
| lack of airborne spread of infection by legionella pneumophila among guinea pigs. | many investigators find no spread of legionnaires disease from person to person. the present study examined the question of airborne transmission of infection by legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 from guinea pigs inoculated nasally with the agent to healthy guinea pigs. the nasal inoculation produced confluent peribronchiolar pneumonia similar to the pulmonary lesions observed in humans, but by techniques of clinical observation, serology, culture, and pathology, there was no evidence of airbor ... | 1982 | 7141707 |
| legionnaires' pneumonia after intratracheal inoculation of guinea pigs and rats. | we have developed a model of legionnaires' pneumonia in guinea pigs and rats. a reproducible population of legionella pneumophila was obtained in late exponential growth phase and inoculated into the trachea of young animals. either immunologic or microbiologic evidence of infection was demonstrated in 27 or 28 guinea pigs and 19 of 20 rats that had been inoculated with 10(5) to 10(7) colony-forming units. an acute pneumonia that resembled human legionnaires' disease was produced in both species ... | 1982 | 7144138 |
| legionella pneumophila in tourists. | | 1982 | 7145813 |
| cocultivation of legionella pneumophila and free-living amoebae. | studies of the interaction of legionella pneumophila with free-living amoebae showed that naegleria lovaniensis and acanthamoeba royreba could use l. pneumophila as a sole food source. however, growth of the amoebae on nonnutrient agar plates seeded with l. pneumophila was slower than growth on nonnutrient agar plates seeded with escherichia coli. on inoculation of l. pneumophila into axenic cultures of n. lovaniensis and a. royreba, 99.9% of the l. pneumophila was destroyed within 24 h. after s ... | 1982 | 7149720 |
| comparative study of selective media for isolation of legionella pneumophila from potable water. | a total of 100 water samples, 95% of which were taken from hospital potable water fixtures, were cultured on three different media used for the isolation of legionella pneumophila. the media used were buffered charcoal-yeast extract medium (bcye alpha medium), bcye alpha medium with antimicrobial agents (bmpa alpha medium), and bcye alpha medium with antimicrobial agents, glycine, and differential dyes (mwy medium). an acid wash procedure was also used for specimens plated on bcye alpha and bmpa ... | 1982 | 7153316 |
| legionella infections in scotland. | four thousand two hundred and thirty-five sera from 2794 patients and 740 sera from 735 tourists domiciled in scotland recently returned from abroad were examined between 1977 and 1981 for antibodies to legionella pneumophila and related organisms. in addition, specimens were examined from some patients for cultural or serological demonstration of these organisms in lung or sputum. one hundred and ten cases were diagnosed, 104 serologically, five by immunofluorescence demonstration of legionella ... | 1982 | 7153509 |
| cord blood lymphocyte transformation responses to legionella pneumophila. | cord blood lymphocytes were obtained from 94 neonates for transformation assays with sonicated and partially legionella antigens and phytohemagglutinin. the legionella antigens gave mean stimulation indices (si) of approximately three times the background. the nonspecific mitogen phytohemagglutinin gave mean si of 23 times the background. there was some minor nonspecific stimulation of cord blood lymphocytes by legionella antigens but not enough to account for the si seen in patients with legion ... | 1982 | 7154057 |
| efficacy of ozone in eradication of legionella pneumophila from hospital plumbing fixtures. | the effect of ozonation of supply water for one wing of an unoccupied hospital building which had positive cultures for legionella pneumophila from multiple potable water fixtures was studied in a prospective, controlled fashion. mean ozone residual concentrations of 0.79 mg/liter eradicated l. pneumophila from the fixtures, but so did nonozonated water in the control wing fixtures. the efficacy of the nonozonated water was most probably due to a mechanical flushing effect and to an unexpected r ... | 1982 | 7159081 |
| legionella pneumophila serogroup 5 infections in the cambridge area--a serological survey. | | 1981 | 7185940 |
| prevalence of antibodies to legionella pneumophila in animal populations. | we examined more than 2,800 human and animal sera for antibodies to four serogroups of legionella pneumophila by using the microagglutination test. antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1:64 were considered positive. the occurrence of positive equine sera (31.4%) was significantly higher than the occurrence of positive sera in cattle (5.1%), swine (2.9%), sheep (1.9%), dogs (1.9%), goats (0.5%), wildlife (0%), and humans (0.4%). the highest titer measured in horses was 1:512. the occurrenc ... | 1982 | 7186901 |
| enzymatic activities of legionella pneumophila and legionella-like organisms. | the api zym system was used to investigate enzymatic activities of legionella pneumophila and other legionella-like organisms. leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, butyrate and caprylate esterase, and phosphoamidase activities were consistently detected in all strains tested. no evidence of myristate lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, or glycosidase activity was found. | 1982 | 7186905 |
| legionnaires' disease bacterium (legionella pneumophila) multiples intracellularly in human monocytes. | we have studied the interaction between virulent egg yolk-grown legionella pneumophila philadelphia 1 and human blood monocytes in vitro. the leukocytes were cultured in antibiotic-free tissue culture medium supplemented with 15% autologous human serum.l. pneumophila multiplied several logs, as measured by colony-forming units, when incubated with monocytes or mononuclear cells; the mid-log phase doubling time was 2 h. the level to which l. pneumophila multiplied was proportional to the number o ... | 1980 | 7190579 |
| isolation of legionella pneumophila in bulgaria. | microorganisms have been isolated from water samples obtained from a small warm mineral lake. the growth, staining, biochemical and antigenic properties of the microorganisms suggest that they belong to legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. this is the first isolation of legionella in bulgaria. the necessity of careful search for legionellosis in this country was underlined. | 1981 | 7199234 |
| [discovery of legionella pneumophila: achievement in modern bacteriology]. | the discovery of legionella pneumophila is described and the clinical and epidemiological aspects of legionellosis (legionnaire's disease) are presented. "new" pneumonia agents discovered after isolation and description of legionella pneumophila, and which as yet lack definite designations, are mentioned. up to june 1980, two additional bacilli not identical with legionella pneumophila have been described and variously named, i.e. 1. wiga (probably identical with allo), 2. tatlock (probably iden ... | 1980 | 7209462 |
| [legionnaires' disease in the lake zurich area. report on 6 sporadic cases]. | six sporadic cases of legionnaires' disease seen over 13 months in the region of lake zurich (switzerland) are reported. the disease was severe in all cases; 2 patients died while on artificial respiration; 5 patients were heavy smokers; 3 had probably acquired the infection in france. these 6 patients showed the following typical symptoms and signs: fever above 39 degrees c (6 patients), nonproductive cough (4), gastrointestinal symptoms (4), encephalopathy (4), renal insufficiency (5), hepatic ... | 1980 | 7209463 |
| [microbiological aspects of legionnaires' disease]. | legionella pneumophila was isolated in 1947 but its etiological role was only recognized after the philadelphia outbreak in 1976. since then, infections with legionella pneumophila in patients with so-called atypical pneumonia have been found in different parts of the world in sporadic cases and outbreaks affecting up to several hundred patients. the etiological agent is a bacterium which can be found in dust, mud and water. transmission to the human most likely occurs through water-cooled air c ... | 1980 | 7209465 |
| flagella on legionnaires' disease bacteria: ultastructural observations. | scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies were done on five strains of flagellated legionella pneumophila cultured for 1 to 3 days on charcoal yeast extract agar or yeast extract broth. ultrastructurally, each strain consisted of pleomorphic, flagellated bacilli, many of which showed the typical pinching type of division as seen with other gram-negative bacteria. most of the flagellated organisms, regardless of the strain, had a single, relatively straight or undulant polar flagellu ... | 1980 | 7212481 |
| isolation of legionella pneumophila, serogroup 6 in canada. | | 1981 | 7214281 |
| ultrastructural localization and protective activity of a high-molecular-weight antigen isolated from legionella pneumophila. | immunoperoxidase labeling showed that the f-1 antigen of legionella pneumophila is located on the bacterial cell surface. protection against lethal intraperitoneal challenge with serogroup 1 l. pneumophila was induced in guinea pigs by heat-killed cells and f-1 antigen from serogroup 1, but not by heat-killed cells or f-1 antigens from serogroup 2, 3, or 4. | 1981 | 7216476 |
| susceptibility of legionella pneumophila to three cooling tower microbicides. | investigation of epidemic outbreaks of legionnaires disease by center for disease control personnel has resulted in the isolation of legionella pneumophila from water in the air-conditioning cooling towers or evaporative condensers at the site of the outbreak. it is suspected that improperly maintained open, recirculating water systems may play a role in the growth and dissemination of this pathogen. the objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of three chemically diff ... | 1981 | 7224623 |
| in vitro responses of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages to legionella pneumophila. | transmission and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the phagocytosis of virulent and avirulent strains of legionella pneumophila. the interaction between l. pneumophila and peritoneal macrophages from normal guinea pigs or from animals that had survived infection was studied. the virulent strains survived and proliferated within the phagocyte after ingestion by either type of macrophage, whereas the avirulent strain of bacteria was killed by normal macrophages. although the addition ... | 1981 | 7228402 |
| isolation of plasmids in legionella pneumophila and legionella-like organisms. | agarose gel electrophoresis was employed to screen nine strains of legionella-like bacteria and one strain of legionella pneumophila for the presence of extrachromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid. cryptic plasmids with molecular weights ranging from 46.6 x 10(6) to 59.8 x 10(6) were found in three of the isolates examined. | 1981 | 7228404 |
| isolation of legionella spp. from environmental water samples by low-ph treatment and use of a selective medium. | a selective medium was developed and used successfully to isolate legionella pneumophila and legionella-like organisms from environmental specimens previously positive by animal inoculation methods. this medium consists of charcoal-yeast extract agar to which have been added cephalothin (4 micrograms/ml), colistin (16 micrograms/ml), vancomycin (0.5 microgram/ml), and cycloheximide (80 micrograms/ml). pretreating of the environmental water samples with an acid buffer (ph 2.2), followed by platin ... | 1981 | 7229015 |
| infections with legionella pneumophila in children. | to learn the role of legionella pneumophila, the agent of legionnaires' disease, in childhood illness, a prospective study was conducted among 52 children younger than four years of age with acute disease of the lower respiratory tract. viral, mycoplasmal, and bacterial cultures and acute- and convalescent-phase sera were obtained during 64 episodes of acute illness; additional sera were drawn annually for three to five years. on the basis of serologic evidence, none of the acute episodes appear ... | 1981 | 7229438 |
| epidemic legionnaires' disease. airborne transmission down a chimney. | between june 18 and july 9, 1979, legionnaires' disease (ld) developed in 13 persons who had visited a hotel complex in wisconsin. all had visited the part of the hotel that contains the restaurants and meeting rooms (building a). legionnaires' disease occurred in 1% who had been exclusively in the meeting rooms and in 0.1% who had eaten only at the hotel restaurants. furthermore, 1.5% exposed to meeting room 1 and none of those exposed only to the other meeting rooms had ld. legionella pneumoph ... | 1981 | 7230470 |
| the prevalence of serum antibodies to legionella pneumophila in patients with chronic pulmonary disease. | sera from 113 outpatient with chronic pulmonary disease and 76 control subjects were tested by the indirect immunofluorescent technique for serum antibodies against legionella pneumophila. no patient had an antibody titer greater than or equal to 1:256, a titer presumptive for past or present infection by legionella pneumophila. however, 2 patients had a titer of 1:126, and 9 patients had a titer of 1:64. the control group (n = 76) had titers no higher than 1:32 (p less than 0.01). eight of the ... | 1981 | 7235365 |
| rapid radioimmunoassay diagnosis of legionnaires' disease: detection and partial characterization of urinary antigen. | urine from nine patients with serogroup 1 legionnaires' disease, 100 with infected or contaminated urine, 50 with bacteremic infections, 26 with infectious or infiltrative pulmonary diseases, and 65 with miscellaneous infectious or noninfectious illnesses, was examined by radioimmunoassay for the presence of legionella pneumophila antigen(s). urine of all nine legionnaires' disease patients was clearly differentiated from that of the 241 control subjects by the assay. the antigen was detected fr ... | 1981 | 7235392 |
| legionella longbeachae species nova, another etiologic agent of human pneumonia. | a new species of bacteria that is an etiologic agent of human pneumonia has been isolated and characterized. clinical symptoms of infection with this organism are not readily distinguishable from those caused by legionella pneumophila infection. the organism was isolated from respiratory tract specimens from four patients. two cases of infection apparently originated in california and one in georgia, and a fourth was of unknown geographic origin. the name legionella longbeachae species nova is p ... | 1981 | 7235414 |
| [histopathological characteristics of legionella pneumophila infection in man and guinea pigs]. | the current histopathological aspects of legionnaires' disease, a newly discovered acute feverish disease accompanied by severe rapidly progressive pneumonias with 20% mortality are reviewed. epidemic and sporadic cases of legionnaires' disease occurred both in the united states and many countries of europe. the gross and microscopic pathology of autopsy specimens from patients with legionnaires' disease and pathological findings in guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally with legionella pneumo ... | 1981 | 7236041 |
| rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen from human urine. | a reversed passive hemagglutination test was developed to assay relative concentrations of soluble antigen of legionnaires disease (legionella pneumophila serogroup 1) in human urine samples. the test is highly sensitive, being able to detect as little as 0.0002 microgram of total antigen. preliminary results with this test on serial urine and serum samples from a patient with legionellosis show that measurable amounts of antigen are present in urine during the course of the illness. however, no ... | 1981 | 7240396 |
| interaction of the legionnaires' disease bacterium (legionella pneumophila) with human phagocytes. ii. antibody promotes binding of l. pneumophila to monocytes but does not inhibit intracellular multiplication. | in an accompanying paper (13), we reported that human polymorphonuclear leukocytes kill only a limited proportion (0.5 log) of an inoculum of legionella pneumophila (philadelphia 1 strain) in the presence of human anti-l. pneumophila antibody and complement. we now report on the effect of anti-l. pneumophila antibody on l. pneumophila-monocyte interaction. the studies were carried out under antibiotic-free conditions. monocytes bind more than three times as many viable l. pneumophila bacteria in ... | 1981 | 7241049 |
| lymphocyte transformation to legionella pneumophila. | lymphocytes from seventeen subjects with previously diagnosed legionnaires' disease and 63 subjects without a history of legionellosis were studied in a transformation assay with a crude extract of legionella pneumophila. in the lymphocyte transformation assay the mean stimulation index was 48+/-14 in the legionnaires' disease group and 18+/-13 (p less than 0.001) in the control group. endotoxin from escherichia coli did not stimulate the cultures. extracts from multiple other gram negative baci ... | 1981 | 7241565 |
| [seroconversion by legionella pneumophila serogroup i in a child. 1st report in italy]. | | 1981 | 7242484 |
| legionnaires' disease combined with erythema multiforme in a 3-year-old boy. | a case of legionnaires' disease (ld) is described in a 3-year-old boy. he had fulminant disease with typical signs like bilateral pneumonia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and somnolence indicating involvement of the central nervous system. there was no premorbidity. an outstanding development was erythema multiforme, which has never previously been described in ld. the basic disease was caused by legionella pneumophila. this is evidenced by specific serum igm at admission and a subsequent significa ... | 1981 | 7246139 |
| immune defenses against legionella pneumophila in rats. | rats were examined for their susceptibility to infection with legionella pneumophila. different strains of l. pneumophila representing serogroups 1 to 4 were tested (philadelphia 1 and 2, togus 1, bloomington 2, los angeles 1, and the recently isolated ld-8 from the epidemics in västeraas, sweden). when about 9 x 10(8) bacteria, or 6 x 10(8) colony-forming units, were injected intraperitoneally, only rats infected with the ld-8 strain showed signs of illness. they became ill within 4 to 6 h and ... | 1981 | 7251147 |
| the effect of inoculum, culture medium and antimicrobial combinations on the in-vitro susceptibilities of legionella pneumophila. | the in-vitro susceptibility of 14 strains of legionella pneumophila to 17 anti-microbial agents were determined. the most active antibiotics were cefoxitin, erythromycin and doxycycline while the least active were cephalothin, cefamandole and cefazolin. subculturing, type of medium and duration of incubation did not alter the effect of the antimicrobial agents. a change in the inoculum size, from 10(4) to 10(6) cfu, increased mics two- to sixfold. erythromycin was not synergistic with gentamicin ... | 1981 | 7251523 |
| [legionnaires' disease. first observations in catalonia (author's transl)]. | the authors report the first two cases of legionnaires' disease from catalonia. both patients were chronic bronchitic males, and the cases were sporadic. the onset of the disease was characterized by a febrile illness with muscle and joint pains, respiratory symptoms (cough and mucous sputum production), and mental changes. there were no digestive complaints. pulmonary consolidation occurred in both patients in the left upper lobe. blood chemistries disclosed the existence of an absolute lymphop ... | 1981 | 7253729 |
| [the thermic stability of legionella pneumophila (author's transl)]. | | 1981 | 7257656 |
| characteristics of environmental isolates of legionella pneumophila. | thirty-eight cultures of legionella pneumophila isolated from surface waters were characterized by their morphological, tinctorial, biochemical, and serological properties and by their ability to produce disease in guinea pigs. their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents also was tested. when they were compared with clinical isolates, no important differences were found between cultures from the two sources. sodium hippurate hydrolysis, gelatin liquefaction, pigment formation, and beta-lactama ... | 1981 | 7259160 |
| improved semiselective medium for isolation of legionella pneumophila from contaminated clinical and environmental specimens. | eighteen types of media, all of which used charcoal yeast extract medium as a base, were tested for their ability to support the growth of a stock strain of legionella pneumophila. fifteen of these contained antimicrobial agents. five antibiotic-containing media which performed best in growing the stock strain were then tested for the ability to grow l. pneumophila from clinical respiratory tract specimens. one of the media, bmpa alpha, which contained cefamandole, polymyxin b, anisomycin, an or ... | 1981 | 7287886 |
| detection of cell-associated or soluble antigens of legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6, legionella bozemanii, legionella dumoffii, legionella gormanii, and legionella micdadei by staphylococcal coagglutination tests. | current methods used for the detection of whole-cell isolates of legionella or for the detection of legionella soluble antigens are technically impractical for many clinical laboratories. the purpose of this study was to explore practical alternatives. the results showed that whole cell isolates of legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6, legionella bozemanii, legionella dumoffii, legionella gormanii, and legionella micdadei were identified specifically by a simple slide agglutination test or s ... | 1981 | 7287888 |
| [legionnaires disease : 3 cases from the northern suburbs of paris (author's transl)]. | during the summer of 1980, 3 sporadic cases of legionnaires disease (ml) were recognized in the northern suburbs of paris. the clinical picture was characterized by an extensive pneumonia, high fever with repeated rigors (3 cases), a confusional state (2 cases), and transitory watery diarrhea (3 cases). blood cultures, evidence of bacterial antigens in blood or urine, and serology notably for chlamydia and mycoplasma pneumoniae were all negative. the diagnosis of ml (serotype i) was confirmed by ... | 1981 | 7302345 |
| probable legionella pneumophila pneumonia contracted in the far east. | | 1981 | 7305651 |
| legionnaires' disease imported to denmark from italy. | three cases of imported legionnaires' disease are reported. all 3 patients became ill after their return to denmark from a holiday tour in northern italy. high titers of antibodies to legionella pneumophila in the indirect immunofluorescence (if) test confirmed the diagnosis. the fact that the onset of illness was within 10 days of the last day the patients spent in italy strongly suggests that the disease was imported to denmark from italy. 10 of the 77 tourists who participated in the study ha ... | 1981 | 7313567 |
| incidence of legionella pneumophila in acute lower respiratory tract infections. | the etiological role of legionella pneumophila and other infectious agents in acute lower respiratory tract infections in 112 patients attending an infectious disease clinic was estimated by a serological study of paired sera and bacteriological culture of nasopharynx swabs and culture and immunoelectroosmophoresis of expectorates. only 2 of the patients had a 4-fold rise in antibody titre to l. pneumophila, suggesting a similar incidence of legionnaires' disease as reported from usa. | 1981 | 7313570 |
| causes of pneumonia presenting to a district general hospital. | the incidence of bacterial, viral, mycoplasma, and rickettsial infections has been assessed prospectively in 210 adult patients with pneumonia who presented to a district hospital over a six-year period. one hundred and thirteen infective agents were detected in 103 patients. the agent most frequently detected was mycoplasma pneumoniae which accounted for 30 infections. a bacterial pathogen was found in 43 patients. streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common of these (24 patients); staphylococ ... | 1981 | 7314031 |
| legionnaires' disease in vermont. 1972-1976. | one hundred four autopsy cases with previously diagnosed pneumonitis were examined for evidence of legionnaires' disease. the peak epidemic months of july, august, and september in the five years before the 1977 vermont epidemic were chosen for study. the bacterium, legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) was demonstrated in lung tissue by direct immunofluorescence and the dieterle silver impregnation stain. there was no clustering of legionnaires' disease in any one year., the clinical presentatio ... | 1981 | 7315798 |
| glycine-containing selective medium for isolation of legionellaceae from environmental specimens. | glycine, at a final concentration of 0.3%, has been shown to be an excellent selective agent for the isolation of legionellaceae. stock cultures of legionella pneumophila were not inhibited on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar containing the amino acid. among the other legionellaceae tested, only one of two strains of l. dumoffii and two of six strains of l. micdadei were appreciably inhibited. this medium permitted the isolation of l. pneumophila from environmental specimens with marked inhi ... | 1981 | 7316506 |
| a legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolated from a fatal case of legionnaires' disease. | | 1981 | 7324788 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of intracellular legionella pneumophila. | minimum inhibitory concentrations, minimum bactericidal concentrations, and killing curve assays were measured after legionella pneumophila was grown in human lung fibroblasts. results of susceptibility testing of organisms grown intracellularly are compared with results for organisms grown by standard tube dilution methods. | 1981 | 7325633 |
| susceptibility of pittsburgh pneumonia agent (legionella micdadei) and other newly recognized members of the genus legionella to nineteen antimicrobial agents. | the susceptibilities of 11 strains representing the five recognized species of legionella were determined by agar dilution testing on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar. all of the legionellae tested were susceptible to rifampin, erythromycin, rosaramycin, chloramphenicol, and the aminoglycosides and were resistant to clindamycin and vancomycin. susceptibilities to penicillins and cephalosporins were variable. legionella micdadei, legionella bozemanii, and legionella gormanii were susceptible ... | 1981 | 7325645 |
| [pneumopathy caused by legionella pneumophila. radiological aspects]. | | 1981 | 7330305 |
| scanning electron microscopy of legionella pneumophila in clinical tissue. | scanning electron microscopy (sem) is a valuable technique for rapid detection of the presence of microorganisms, for determination of their three-dimensional morphology and topology and for identification of their anatomical sites. it has been used for these purposes in legionnaires' disease with three patients at autopsy in an investigation of legionella pneumophila in situ. in two cases the study was restricted to lung, and in the third case tissues from extra-pulmonic sites were examined in ... | 1981 | 7330592 |
| fatal pneumonia caused by legionella pneumophila, serogroup 3: demonstration of the bacilli in extrathoracic organs. | an immunosuppressed patient with malignant lymphoma died of acute pneumonia caused by legionella pneumophila. bacilli of serogroup 3 were detected in areas of pnemonia, in a mediastinal lymph node, and in the liver and spleen by direct immunofluorescence done on tissue obtained at autopsy. that the extrathoracic fluorescent material represented intact bacteria rather than antigenic fragments or antigen-antibody complexes was confirmed by finding intracellular bacilli in the liver by electron mic ... | 1980 | 7352723 |
| cross-reaction to legionella pneumophila antigen in sera with elevated titers to pseudomonas pseudomallei. | a significantly greater incidence (p less than 0.005) of legionella pneumophila microagglutination titers greater than or equal to 32 was found in sera with elevated titers to pseudomonas pseudomallei as compared with sera with negative titers for p. pseudomallei antibodies. the greater incidence of l. pneumophila titers in these sera suggests that l. pneumophila and p. pseudomallei share an antigen. the incidence of l. pneumophila microagglutination titers of greater than or equal to 32 in sera ... | 1980 | 7354127 |
| slide agglutination test for serogrouping legionella pneumophila and atypical legionella-like organisms. | a simple, inexpensive slide agglutination test correctly identified the serogroup to which 38 legionella pneumophilia strains belonged, and distinguished them from two atypical, legionella-like organisms. | 1980 | 7354129 |
| comparison of the microagglutination test with bactericidal response to legionella pneumophila (legionnaires disease bacterium). | this investigation found that individuals with microagglutination antibody titers of 1:32 or greater to legionella pneumophila produced bactericidal activity against the bacterium. those individuals with microagglutination antibody titers of 1:16 or less demonstrated no bactericidal activity. | 1980 | 7358845 |
| [legionnaires' disease: a cause of pulmonary fibrosis and bronchopulmonary disease? (author's transl)]. | antibody titres against legionella pneumophila (serogroups 1 and 2) were determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test on 206 patients with various forms of bronchopulmonary disease. in one third of cases there was a very weak titre (1:32 to 1:64), a moderately to markedly elevated one against one or both bacterial strains (greater than or equal to 1:128) in 4%. in one of four cases with a titre greater than or equal to 1:512 legionnaires' disease, contracted via an air-conditioning unit, w ... | 1980 | 7363835 |
| culture procedures in the avirulent conversion of legionella pneumophila. | | 1980 | 7365272 |
| dose-response of guinea pigs experimentally infected with aerosols of legionella pneumophila. | experiments were carried out to determine the infectivity, clinical course of disease, and lethality of aerosols of legionella pneumophila for guinea pigs. the median infectious dose was less than 129 organisms; the 50% lethal dose was 1.4 x 10(5) organisms. in addition, the intraperitoneal 50% lethal dose was 3.0 x 10(6) cells, a value indicating that the organisms were less virulent by the intraperitoneal route than by aerosol. nonfatal disease always included fever and weight loss. these sign ... | 1980 | 7365275 |
| survival of legionella pneumophila in aerosols: effect of relative humidity. | | 1980 | 7373091 |
| failure to detect antibodies to legionella pneumophila sero-group 1 in bovine and porcine sera from outbreaks of severe respiratory disease. | | 1980 | 7376399 |
| legionnaires' disease outbreak at an atlanta, georgia, country club: evidence for spread from an evaporative condenser. | during july 1978 an outbreak of legionnaires' disease characterized by high fever, prostration, and pneumonia occurred at an atlanta, georgia, country club. all eight cases involved club members whose primary club activity was golfing. the degree of golfing activity during the likely exposure period was a risk factor for acquiring the illness. legionella pneumophila was isolated from the evaporative condenser within the clubhouse. the fact that the stream of air blowing from the exhaust duct of ... | 1980 | 7377185 |
| enhanced growth of legionella pneumophila in the presence of selenium. | | 1980 | 7382043 |
| pittsburgh pneumonia agent: direct isolation from human lung tissue. | pittsburgh pneumonia agent (ppa) was recently cultivated from infected egg yold on charcoal yeast extract agar. ppa has now been isolated both from infected egg yolk and human lung tissue on charcoal yeast extract agar and on a new medium, buffered charcoal yeast extract agar. ppa resembles legionella pneumophila and other legionella-like organisms in requirements for growth and composition of fatty acids. it differs in genetic relatedness, antigenic composition, and colonial morphology and has ... | 1980 | 7391615 |
| a fifth serogroup of legionella pneumophila. | | 1980 | 7396318 |
| intracellular multiplication of legionella pneumophila in cultured human embryonic lung fibroblasts. | cell cultures of normal human embryonic lung fibroblasts were inoculated with two strains of legionella pneumophila, the etiological agent of legionnaires disease. large numbers of intact organisms, including many dividing forms, were seen within fibroblasts by light and electron microscopy. intracellular multiplication of organisms was demonstrated by the progressive increase in bacterial colony counts from plated extracts of infected fibroblast cultures in which extracellular multiplication ha ... | 1980 | 7399685 |
| prevalence of antibodies to legionella pneumophila in adults from memphis. | | 1980 | 7403930 |
| are air-conditioning maintenance personnel at increased risk of legionellosis? | we surveyed by use of medical questionnaires and blood tests 21 maintenance workers involved with cleaning and servicing cooling towers and evaporative condensers at a large company to determine the frequency of pneumonia and antibody levels against legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. the 21 high-risk workers were compared with 27 low-risk workers, persons who were not directly involved in service or maintenance for the company. the overall prevalence of titers greater than or equal to 128 for t ... | 1980 | 7406491 |