| legionnaires' disease outbreak associated with a grocery store mist machine--united states. | | 1990 | 2334997 |
| legionnaires' disease due to legionella anisa. | the first case of legionnaires' disease due to legionella anisa is described. the patient, a 31-year-old man, made a rapid and complete recovery when treated with erythromycin. | 1990 | 2341733 |
| role of air sampling in investigation of an outbreak of legionnaires' disease associated with exposure to aerosols from an evaporative condenser. | epidemiologic studies have suggested that legionnaires' disease can be transmitted to susceptible hosts by contaminated aerosolized water from cooling towers and evaporative condensers; however, epidemic strains of legionella have not been isolated by air sampling at such sites during epidemiologic investigations. an outbreak of legionnaires' disease occurred at a retirement hotel; legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated from an evaporative condenser and from potable water. a case-contro ... | 1990 | 2345305 |
| when going to work makes you ill. | | 1990 | 2346808 |
| the stafford outbreak of legionnaires' disease. | a large outbreak of legionnaires' disease was associated with stafford district general hospital. a total of 68 confirmed cases was treated in hospital and 22 of these patients died. a further 35 patients, 14 of whom were treated at home, were suspected cases of legionnaires' disease. all these patients had visited the hospital during april 1985. epidemiological investigations demonstrated that there had been a high risk of acquiring the disease in the out patient department (opd), but no risk i ... | 1990 | 2347381 |
| [encephalitis without pneumonia caused by legionella bozemanii]. | legionnaire disease (ld) is characterized by a clinical picture of pneumonia and is usually accompanied by multisystem involvement. neurologic manifestations tend to appear concurrently with, or soon after the onset of fever. cases in which neurologic manifestations precede the development of pneumonia are exceedingly rare. we recently treated 3 patients with ld who presented with a clinical picture of severe viral encephalitis without pneumonia. there were high serum titres of igg and igm antib ... | 1990 | 2347520 |
| phytohormones as specific inhibitors of legionella pneumophila growth. | legionellae have been found to be highly susceptible to a variety of biological products, which increases the difficulty of growing these microorganisms. we developed a hypotonic medium in which legionella pneumophila and other legionellae grow well and multiply rapidly from small inocula. several amino acids, mainly nonessential ones, inhibited the growth of legionellae at high concentrations (200-1,000 micrograms/ml). we describe a unique biological phenomenon of specific inhibition of growth ... | 1990 | 2347683 |
| [legionella pneumophila pneumonia]. | | 1990 | 2349520 |
| significance of seroconversion against legionella after renal transplantation: report of five cases. | | 1990 | 2350910 |
| a mutation in the mip gene results in an attenuation of legionella pneumophila virulence. | infection by legionella pneumophila is believed to depend upon its ability to multiply within host alveolar macrophages. to investigate this, a site-specific mutation was introduced into a gene (mip) that encodes a 24,000-da surface protein; an 80-fold loss of infectivity for both u937 cells and explanted human alveolar macrophages was observed. further phenotypic analysis of the mutant strain has failed to show alterations in bacterial factors (e.g., proteinase, lipopolysaccharide) that have su ... | 1990 | 2355188 |
| reduction in legionella pneumophila through heat flushing followed by continuous supplemental chlorination of hospital hot water. | an increase in endemic rate of nosocomial legionella pneumophila pneumonia prompted an investigation that revealed 16.2% (12/74) of patient care hot-water sites surveyed were culture-positive for l. pneumophila. no positive cultures were recovered from cooling towers, air intakes, or construction areas. heat flushing of hospital hot-water outlets to temperatures greater than 60 degrees c for 30 min achieved a 66% reduction in positive legionella cultures. after 4 1/2 months, different serotypes ... | 1990 | 2355189 |
| a hospital study of community acquired pneumonia in the elderly. | studies on community acquired pneumonia in the united states in patients over the age of 65 years have shown that gram negative bacilli account for an appreciable proportion of cases, in addition to usual pathogens such as streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. there have been no reports of community acquired pneumonia in the elderly in the united kingdom. we undertook such a study to determine the clinical features, aetiology, and outcome. seventy three patients (38 men) with ages ... | 1990 | 2356552 |
| fatal postoperative legionella pneumonia in a newborn. | this is a case of postoperative legionella pneumonia in a full-term infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. the infant had an uncomplicated prenatal history, normal vaginal delivery, apgars of 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, but was cyanotic at birth. at 3 days of age she had a stage 1 norwood surgical procedure to palliate her congenital heart disease. a synthetic patch was placed over the thoracic midline because of difficulty in reapposing the sternum. peritoneal dialysis was used to manage renal ... | 1990 | 2358903 |
| incidence of legionella pneumophila infection in tourists: italy. | legionella pneumophila has frequently been recognised as a cause of infection in tourists. from 1973 to 1987, 117 cases of legionellosis were reported in tourists who spent one or more weeks in italian summer resorts. 6 (5.1%) patients died. 42 (35.9%) were sporadic cases, and 75 (64.1%) were related to clusters or outbreaks. among the 117 cases, 63 were reported to the istituto superiore di sanità by the health authorities of other countries. some travellers became ill while in italy, others so ... | 1990 | 2359837 |
| [atypical manifestation of severe mitral valve insufficiency. on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis based on a case report]. | report on a severe mitral valve insufficiency in a patient in whom all chordae tendinae of the posterior cusp of the mitral valve had completely ruptured for inexplicable reasons. an unusual feature of this condition was the prolonged clinical course for a period of two weeks and the markedly unilateral lung infiltrations seen on the plain x-ray of the thorax. evidently non-specific inflammation parameters, such as elevated temperature, accelerated sedimentation rate, leukocytosis with shift to ... | 1990 | 2360711 |
| [legionella pneumonia: pulmonary and extrapulmonary findings]. | pulmonary and extrapulmonary findings in legionelloses generally do not permit any aetiological conclusions. the extrapulmonary phenomena are epiphenomena that can possibly be traced to the effect of a toxin. | 1990 | 2367430 |
| [the etiology of acute pneumonias in middle-aged and elderly persons]. | as many as 356 patients afflicted with acute pneumonias (of these, 225 were from 60 to over years of age) underwent examinations according to the program including bacteriological analysis of the mucus and detection of antigens and specific antibodies in the blood serum. the etiology of acute pneumonia was established in 346 patients (97.2%). in the etiological structure of acute pneumonia, there prevailed bacteria, among which pneumococci, streptococci and hemophilic bacilli occurring both in t ... | 1990 | 2367992 |
| asymptomatic legionella pneumophila infections in heart transplant recipients. | | 1990 | 2368143 |
| [lung infection after kidney transplantation. i. etiology, pathogenesis and clinical picture]. | pulmonary infection is a frequent and serious complication following kidney transplantation. increased susceptibility to infection is due to a decrease in the patient's immunological response caused by immunosuppression through drug administration, and by other influences. the majority of bacterial sources are gram-negative, often hospital strains. the most important gram-positive bacterium is staphylococcus aureus. lung tb occurs with a 10-25 times higher frequency than in the rest of the popul ... | 1990 | 2369754 |
| nosocomial infection with legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and 8 in a neonate. | a case of pneumonia related to 2 serogroups (1 and 8) of legionella pneumophila (lp) in a 10-day-old boy is described together with the epidemiological survey in the maternity ward which made it possible to establish its nosocomial origin. rodshaped bacteria reacting with an lp genus-specific monoclonal antibody and serogroup 1 and 8 polyclonal sera were detected in bronchoalveolar lavages (bal) collected on day 13. serogroups 1 and 8 were recovered from cultures of bal collected on days 12 and ... | 1990 | 2371549 |
| [study on seasonality of 1-8 serotypes legionella pneumophila infections]. | from march 1986 to may 1987, a seroepidemiological survey on seasonality of infection and transmission of legionella pneumophila serotypes 1-8 (lp1-8) was performed among general populations in wuhu area by cohort investigation (during spring and autumn, 203 paired sera), and in nanjing area by monthly cross-sectional study (12 months, 1360 sera). the results showed that the seasonal prevalence peak of antibodies to lp1-8 was in the summer and/or the autumn. | 1990 | 2372820 |
| [persisting alveolitis after legionella pneumonia]. | pneumonia was diagnosed radiologically in three patients (43, 54 and 58 years old, respectively), presenting with temperatures between 39 degrees and 40 degrees c, cough and weight loss. these signs persisted for 6, 7 and 13 weeks, respectively, but the pathogens could not be cultivated. lung function analysis showed partial respiratory insufficiency with extensive restrictive impairment of ventilation. samples of lung tissue were obtained in all three cases and histology revealed fibrosing alve ... | 1990 | 2379467 |
| [specific dna probe for detecting legionella pneumophila]. | a fragment of the gene for cytolysin has been cloned. the product of the gene has been earlier identified as an immunoserological marker of legionella pneumophila. clones were selected by immunodetection of cytolysin gene product expression. an ecori 3.8 kb fragment of the genomic dna from legionella pneumophila strain philadelphia-1 was used as a dna probe that hybridized with the bacterial colonies of 20 legionella pneumophila strains but not with the colonies of 10 other legionella species or ... | 1990 | 2381440 |
| [ciprofloxacin in the treatment of legionnaires' disease]. | case report on a granulocytopenic patient suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia and legionnaire's disease as a complication. under therapy with ciprofloxacin (2 x 200 mg/die) the symptoms decreased within five days; hence, ciprofloxacin seems to be a good alternative to erythromycin and rifampicin in the therapy of legionnaire's disease in immunodeficient patients. | 1990 | 2381890 |
| severe community-acquired pneumonia. etiology, prognosis, and treatment. | the frequency of community-acquired pneumonia coupled with its mortality rate of 10 to 25% is of growing concern to clinicians. a prospective study of 67 patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia was carried out to determine the causative agents, the impact fore-knowledge of the etiology has on the outcome, the value of clinical and radiologic criteria in predicting the evolution, and the efficacy of empirical therapy. the study group included 45 men and 22 women (mean age: 56.8 +/- 16.6 ... | 1990 | 2382902 |
| legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 population in italy by monoclonal subtyping. | the oxford panel of monoclonal antibodies was used to subtype 83 strains of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 of human and environmental origin. the international panel was also used to subtype 50 of them. all the 18 patients' isolates were of the pontiac subgroup, and 40/43 of the environmental strains of the pontiac subgroup were associated with human infection. the remaining environmental strains were subgroups olda (15 strains), camperdown (5 strains), and bellingham (2 strains). the philad ... | 1990 | 2384141 |
| [legionella infections in children]. | the authors provide the results of observing 150 patients with acute pneumonia verified on x-ray. comprehensive serological studies enabled the legionellosis etiology of pneumonia to be established in 17.3% of cases in sporadic morbidity of children. the disease was marked by the peculiarity of the clinical manifestations, demanding nonstandard treatment approaches. | 1990 | 2385467 |
| [legionellosis: an omnipresent nosocomial risk]. | | 1990 | 2385866 |
| [the protective properties of different legionella antigens in experimental legionella infection]. | the protective properties of legionella antigenic preparations were studied on guinea pigs with experimental legionella infection. preliminary immunization of guinea pigs with serotypic antigen, cytolysin, as well as live or formalin-treated legionella cells, did not protect the animals from the subsequent aerogenic infection with 10(5) colony-forming units of virulent l. pneumophila. immunization with the main outer membrane protein ensured the survival of 70% of the animals and inhibited the p ... | 1990 | 2386005 |
| legionellosis. legionella pneumophila infections in scotland, 1988. | | 1990 | 2386671 |
| identification of mip-like genes in the genus legionella. | the mip gene of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 strain aa100 encodes a 24-kilodalton surface protein (mip) and enhances the abilities of l. pneumophila to parasitize human macrophages and to cause pneumonia in experimental animals. to determine whether this virulence factor is conserved in the genus legionella, a large panel of legionella strains was examined by southern hybridization and immunoblot analyses for the presence and expression of mip-related sequences. strains representing all 14 ... | 1990 | 2387627 |
| comparative in vitro activity of win 57273, a new fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent. | the in vitro activity of win 57273, a new fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, was evaluated against approximately 600 bacterial isolates. the new drug was 4- to 128-fold more active than ciprofloxacin against a broad range of gram-positive organisms, with the new drug inhibiting 90% of strains of each species except enterococcus faecium at concentrations of less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml. win 57273 was four- to eightfold less active than ciprofloxacin against many members of the family ... | 1990 | 2393275 |
| [the detection of legionellae in a water pipe system using gene probe technics and culture methods]. | in a new hospital building, cold and warm water systems were examined for microbiological parameters before opening. all of the 35 sampling sites showed elevated colony counts, i.e. greater than 100 cfu/ml. 11 of these contained legionella species at various times. while escherichia coli, coliform bacteria and pseudomonas aeruginosa could not be found, legionella longbeachae serogroup 1 + 2 was identified in 13 samples. only one sample contained legionella pneumophila serogroup 3. legionella spe ... | 1990 | 2393493 |
| [legionella in water of medical facilities--a hazard for patients and personnel?]. | since 1987 warm water samples of public health facilities in dresden were cultured for legionellae. in 59 of 220 (26.8%) samples and in 15 of 20 facilities legionella pneumophila was detected. most frequently serogroups (sg) 1 (5 times), 6 (4 times), 8 (times) and 5 (twice) were found. by reason of the ubiquity of the aerogenic transmissible legionellae, nosocomial legionellosis can occur at any time. most legionellosis patients suffered from severe underlying diseases. therefore the risk for im ... | 1990 | 2396455 |
| the incidence of bdellovibrio spp. in man-made water systems: coexistence with legionellas. | bdellovibrios have been isolated from surface waters but there are no reports of its occurrence in mains water supplies. one hundred and thirty five water samples from 81 sources were examined for the presence of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and legionella spp. bdellovibrios were isolated by a double-layer agar technique with two strains of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 as the host organisms. bdellovibrio spp. were isolated from 57.8% and legionella spp. from 9.5% of the samples. the two spec ... | 1990 | 2398030 |
| [combined lesions of the lungs and heart in legionnaires' disease]. | | 1990 | 2398727 |
| legionella sainthelensi serogroup 2 isolated from patients with pneumonia. | three legionella-like organisms isolated from patients with pneumonia are shown to belong to the species legionella sainthelensi by dna hybridization studies and to a new serogroup, serogroup 2, by serological studies (atcc 49322). l. sainthelensi serogroup 2 and l. santicrucis are indistinguishable by slide agglutination, but are separable on the basis of their cell wall fatty acid profiles. | 1990 | 2399367 |
| reducing the risk of legionnaires' disease. | many common aquatic bacteria like legionella pneumophila are able to colonize man-made water systems. poorly maintained systems or those that are seldom used provide ideal sites for growth and often also provide the means for aerosolizing the organism. compounds leached from construction materials and the by-products of other organisms can be used as food by the legionellaceae and can thus aid their growth. keeping water systems clean and well serviced, keeping hot water at or above, and cold wa ... | 1990 | 2400179 |
| [a case of successful antibiotic therapy of legionnaires' disease with lesions of the lungs and heart]. | pulmonary affections in patients with legionellosis are the main ones. the affections of the heart, gastrointestinal tract and other organs and systems are less frequent. some characteristic features of the legionellosis clinical process in the case described are indicated. the torpid process of chronic bronchitis, the two-phase pattern of the disease, dyspnea at 3-4 month intervals, intermissions, edema and failure of complex therapy with antibiotics and cardiac glycosides provided a tentative ... | 1990 | 2400294 |
| evaluation of urinary antigen elisa for diagnosing legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 infection. | the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) described was developed to detect a soluble antigen in the urine of patients with legionnaires' disease caused by legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (l.pn 1). the assay was evaluated and showed good specificity (100%) and intra-assay reproducibility. antigen was detected in the urine of 93 (77%) of 120 patients, overall, and in 86% of patients from whom a specimen obtained within seven days of onset of illness was available. on all but one occasion t ... | 1990 | 2401738 |
| [nosocomial legionellosis in newborn infants]. | | 1990 | 2403276 |
| characterization of a legionella anisa strain isolated from a patient with pneumonia. | legionella anisa, previously found only in environmental specimens, was isolated from a bronchial lavage specimen of an immunocompromised patient with pneumonia. growth, physiologic, gas-liquid chromatographic, serologic, and dna characteristics were consistent with those of the type strain of l. anisa, wa-316-c3 (atcc 35292). | 1990 | 2405005 |
| prevalance of antibodies to 15 antigens of legionellaceae in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. | sera from 252 patients with community-acquired pneumonia were examined for the presence of antibodies to 15 antigens of 7 legionella spp. by indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing. the sera had been collected as part of the british thoracic society/public health laboratory service study of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. we also examined sera from 20 patients with gram-negative sepsis. using a limited range of antigens of l. pneumophila, nine cases of legionellosis were diagnosed in ... | 1990 | 2407543 |
| legionnaires' disease in the immunocompromised host: usefulness of gram's stain. | | 1985 | 2408721 |
| response of legionella pneumophila to beta-lactam antibiotics. | legionella pneumophila philadelphia strain 1 grown in vitro contained five penicillin-binding proteins that were accessible to the antibiotic in membrane preparations and in live cells as well. the bacterium had reasonably low mics of several beta-lactam antibiotics and was susceptible to both the bactericidal and the lytic activity of these drugs. an unusual feature of the response of this bacterium to penicillin treatment was that cell lysis as determined by decrease in culture turbidity and r ... | 1985 | 2409915 |
| kinetics and characterization of interferon production by murine spleen cells stimulated with legionella pneumophila antigens. | formalin-killed legionella pneumophila bacterial cells, as well as a purified cell wall preparation (designated f-1 antigen) containing lipopolysaccharide (lps), stimulated production of interferons (ifns) in mouse spleen cell cultures. l. pneumophila whole-cell vaccine induced an ifn that was ph 2 labile and neutralized by anti-ifn-gamma indicating that ifn-gamma was the dominant form present. f-1 antigen induced a mixture of ifns, depending upon the age of the culture and cell types present. i ... | 1985 | 2411662 |
| in vitro positive controls for histochemical stains of bacteria and fungi. | positive in vitro controls for histochemical stains of bacteria and fungi in tissue were developed from fibrin substrates of cultured microorganisms. these substrates show excellent and reproducible stain control characteristics. they are easily prepared, highly specific preparations which display greater uniformity and consistency as stain controls than do most infected tissues. these preparations may also be suitable control substrates for immunohistochemical procedures that identify microorga ... | 1985 | 2412433 |
| cross-reactive urinary antigens among patients infected with legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 and 4 and the leiden 1 strain. | a solid-phase radioimmunoassay was developed to detect antigens of legionella pneumophila serogroup 4. the assay detected antigen in urine from four of seven patients with pneumonia caused by l. pneumophila serogroup 4, two of two patients with l. pneumophila leiden 1 strain (proposed new serogroup), and 26 of 55 patients with l. pneumophila serogroup 1 (proven by culture or direct fluorescent-antibody assay). the antigen of two patients with serogroup 4, one with leiden 1 strain, and 49 with se ... | 1985 | 2413140 |
| membrane proteins of legionellaceae. i. membrane proteins of different strains and serogroups of legionella pneumophila. | the protein composition of the outer membranes of eight serogroups of legionella pneumophila has been determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). outer membranes were prepared by detergent extraction using sodium lauryl sarcosinate or by isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation. with both techniques one major outer membrane protein of about 29,000 daltons was found to be characteristic for the species l. pneumophila. it was the predominating feature in al ... | 1985 | 2413652 |
| serogroup specificity of legionella pneumophila is related to lipopolysaccharide characteristics. | we studied the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of legionella pneumophila and six other legionella species to determine whether strain differences were apparent. the lps was purified by a cold ethanol extraction procedure, and total carbohydrates represented 10 to 20% of lps weight. 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate represented 1 to 13% of the total carbohydrate present in the lps. by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, all strains except l. dumoffi showed smooth-type lps with multiple high- ... | 1986 | 2417953 |
| use of superparamagnetic particles for isolation of cells. | this report describes the preparation and characterization of synthetic ferritin-like particles produced by precipitation of magnetite from a mixture of ferrous and ferric ions in the presence of dextran. the 3-nm diameter particles, containing magnetite cores surrounded by chemisorbed dextran, had a magnetization of 46.7 emu/g of iron with mössbauer quadrupole splitting of 2 delta = 0.76 mm/s. the application of these particles as a laboratory reagent for isolation of legionella from other wate ... | 1986 | 2418094 |
| prevalence of antibodies to legionella species in a series of patients in israel. | a collection of serum specimens from 77 patients at various hospitals or clinics in israel was used to determine the usefulness of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with a multivalent antigen for the detection of legionella antibodies. rickettsial infection rather than legionellosis was suspected in most of these patients. the multivalent antigen was derived from legionella pneumophila serogroups 1-6, l. bozemanii wiga, and l. micdadei tatlock. a preliminary test of the multivalent a ... | 1986 | 2419278 |
| evaluation of the gen-probe dna probe for the detection of legionellae in culture. | a commercial dna probe kit designed to detect rrna from legionellae was evaluated for its ability to correctly discriminate between legionellae and non-legionellae taken from culture plates. the probe kit, made by the gen-probe corp. (san diego, calif.), was radiolabeled with 125i, and probe bacterial rna hybridization, detected in a simple one-tube system hybridization assay, was quantitated with a gamma counter. a total of 156 legionella sp. strains were tested, of which 125 were legionella pn ... | 1986 | 2420820 |
| major outer membrane protein of legionella pneumophila carries a species-specific epitope. | a monoclonal antibody (lp3iig2) directed against a species-specific epitope of legionella pneumophila is available from genetic systems corp., seattle, wash., for use as a diagnostic reagent. outer membrane protein-rich fractions were prepared from l. pneumophila serogroups 1 to 8 by treatment of cell envelopes with 2% triton x-100. immunoblots of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels demonstrated that each membrane fraction contained two bands that reacted with lp3iig2. the monoclonal anti ... | 1986 | 2420824 |
| antigen detection for the rapid diagnosis of mycoplasma and legionella pneumonia. | immunologic attempts to detect mycoplasma antigens in fluids of infected patients have been rare and largely unsuccessful. nucleic acid hybridization procedures appear promising on the basis of successes in detecting mycoplasmal contamination of tissue culture cells; results of attempts to apply these techniques to human infections have not been reported. antigens can be detected in the urine of about 80% of patients with serogroup 1 legionella pneumophila pneumonia and of some patients with ser ... | 1986 | 2421969 |
| evaluation of a commercial gene probe for identification of legionella cultures. | confirmation of a culture as legionella when it is unreactive with available serologic reagents involves tests that are impractical in most clinical laboratories. a nucleic acid probe that hybridizes only to members of the genus legionella was recently prepared for marketing by gen-probe, inc., san diego, calif. we tested 215 legionella strains, representing 22 species, and 84 non-legionella strains, representing 17 bacterial genera, with the gen-probe kit. all but four legionella strains (l. bo ... | 1986 | 2422199 |
| interferon inhibits the growth of legionella micdadei in mouse l cells. | the intracellular growth of legionella micdadei was inhibited in mouse l cells treated with interferon (ifn). this ifn-mediated restriction was dose-dependent and required preincubation of the l cells with high doses of ifn (1,000 u/ml) for maximal inhibition. incubation of l. micdadei with ifn alone had no detectable effect on growth of the bacteria. the ifn-mediated growth restriction was not dependent upon tryptophan concentration in the culture medium. | 1986 | 2425011 |
| antigenic specificity of the antibody response in humans during legionellosis. | the antigenic specificity of the human immune response during legionellosis was studied. twenty-two sera obtained from 12 individuals were studied using the western-blot technique with antigens from various legionella. in five of six patients, the reactivity of their sera obtained at different times during legionellosis was qualitatively constant. in one patient, a new igg antibody to a 50 kdal bacterial antigen appeared between the 14th and 22nd day after infection. in every patient, the igg an ... | 1986 | 2426202 |
| in vitro and in vivo suppressive effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on interferon production by murine spleen cells. | delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc), the major psychoactive component in marijuana, has been reported to be suppressive on some immune functions. since interferons (ifns) are important immunomodulatory proteins, the effect of in vivo or in vitro administration of thc on induction of ifn by various mitogens was examined. splenocytes from normal mice in the presence of thc produced significantly less ifn when stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (pha), concanavalin a (con a), or escherichia coli lipopo ... | 1986 | 2430904 |
| acid-fast bacilli in sputum: a case of legionella micdadei pneumonia. | legionella micdadei has been implicated as a cause of nosocomial pneumonia. there are no reports of l. micdadei pneumonia diagnosed by acid-fast stain of expectorated sputum. we report a case of l. micdadei pneumonia in which expectorated sputum harbored acid-fast bacteria that reacted specifically with fluorescent antiserum to l. micdadei, confirmed by culture. in a patient at risk for nosocomial infection, the differential diagnosis of a positive sputum stain for acid-fast bacilli should inclu ... | 1986 | 2430995 |
| [phylogeny of bacteria of the genus legionella studied by determining the nucleotide sequence of 5s ribosomal rna]. | | 1986 | 2431303 |
| induction of tumor necrosis factor by legionella pneumophila. | mice were inoculated with legionella pneumophila via an intratracheal route to establish an experimental model of infection. lung lavage fluid obtained from infected mice contained a cytolytic factor identified as tumor necrosis factor (tnf). peak levels of tnf were produced at about 24 h postinfection and rapidly declined thereafter. treatment of the mice with dextran sulfate before inoculation with the bacteria resulted in lowered amounts of tnf in the lung lavage fluid, suggesting that macrop ... | 1987 | 2433220 |
| partial characterization of a legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 immunodominant antigenic determinant recognized by a monoclonal antibody. legionella specific antigenic determinant. | a monoclonal antibody was used to characterize a serogroup 1 specific legionella pneumophila philadelphia strain 1 antigenic determinant. a quantitative fluorometric assay was developed to quantitate the antibody sites (2.7 +/- 0.4 x 10(5)) on legionella bacteria and to determine the physico-chemical parameters of the antibody-antigen interaction (at 4 degrees c: delta g = -10.9 kcal x mol-1, delta h = 1.7 kcal x mol-1, delta s = 45 cal x k-1 x mol-1). the same method was used to study the modif ... | 1987 | 2438083 |
| retrospective study of gen-probe rapid diagnostic system for detection of legionellae in frozen clinical respiratory tract samples. | the gen-probe rapid diagnostic system for legionellae, which uses 125i-labeled cdna directed against the rrnas of legionellae, was evaluated for its ability to detect members of the genus by using clinical specimens which had been frozen at -70 degrees c for 2 to 8 years. culture and direct immunofluorescence (dfa) results obtained at the time of specimen collection were used to categorize samples. the specimens tested were 112 samples culture positive for legionellae and 230 samples negative on ... | 1987 | 2439535 |
| antigenic variability of the outer membrane antigens of legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 8. | the outer membrane proteins of legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 8 were prepared from broken cells by selective solubilization using sodium lauryl sarcosinate. the isolated proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose sheets. rabbit antisera against each of the eight serogroups of l. pneumophila were obtained by immunizing each animal with live bacteria. the transferred proteins were revealed using these antisera and ... | 1987 | 2444323 |
| hairy cell leukemia: clinical features and therapeutic advances. | hairy cell leukemia (hcl) is a rare chronic lymphoproliferative disorder which has been extensively studied over the past decade. much has been learned regarding the diagnosis, natural history, biology, and treatment of this unique neoplasm. the disease most commonly affects middle aged men and characteristic clinical features include splenomegaly, cytopenias, and usually the presence in the peripheral blood of distinctive 'hairy cells' with irregular cytoplasmic projections. diagnosis can usual ... | 1987 | 2446791 |
| purified 60-kilodalton legionella protein antigen with legionella-specific and nonspecific epitopes. | in a previous study, all convalescent-phase sera from patients with culture-confirmed legionellosis reacted on immunoblots with a legionella genus-wide 58-kilodalton (kda) protein antigen (j.s. sampson, b.b. plikaytis, and h.w. wilkinson, j. clin. microbiol. 23:92-99, 1986). the present study was done to immunologically characterize and determine the diagnostic relevance of this purified antigen. the antigen was precipitated from enriched cell extracts with ammonium sulfate and purified by high- ... | 1987 | 2447117 |
| limitations of flow cytometry for the specific detection of bacteria in mixed populations. | flow immunofluorescence (fif) techniques were established for the specific detection of the bacteria escherichia coli, legionella pneumophila and bacillus anthracis spores after staining with fluorescein-conjugated antibacterial antibody. for each bacterial type, a comparison was made of gating on narrow forward angle (nfa) light scatter and on the red fluorescence (red flu) signal available from staining with the nucleic acid dye propidium iodide. no universal gating method was found, since bac ... | 1988 | 2448382 |
| spectrum and mode of action of azithromycin (cp-62,993), a new 15-membered-ring macrolide with improved potency against gram-negative organisms. | the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin (cp-62,993; 9-deoxo-9a-methyl-9a-aza-9a-homoerythromycin a; also designated xz-450 [pliva pharmaceuticals, zagreb, yugoslavia]) showed a significant improvement in potency against gram-negative organisms compared with erythromycin while retaining the classic erythromycin spectrum. it was up to four times more potent than erythromycin against haemophilus influenzae and neisseria gonorrhoeae and twofold more potent against branhamella catarrhalis, campylobacte ... | 1987 | 2449865 |
| common epitope on the lipopolysaccharide of legionella pneumophila recognized by a monoclonal antibody. | serogroup-specificity of legionella pneumophila is related to lipopolysaccharide (lps), and few cross-reactions between serogroups have been observed with rabbit or monkey antisera. c57bl/6 mice were sequentially immunized with crude outer membrane fractions of l. pneumophila serogroups 1, 5, and 7, legionella bozemanii, and legionella micdadei. spleen cells from these mice were then fused with the sp2-0/ag14 mouse myeloma cell line. outer membrane-rich fractions and lps were prepared from l. pn ... | 1988 | 2454935 |
| [cytolysin as an immunoserological marker of legionella pneumophila]. | coagglutination test (coat), radioimmunoassay (ria) and elisa were used for detection of cytolysin produced by l. pneumophila. the sensitivity of ria was 100 ng/ml, coat--10-20 ng/ml, elisa--1 ng/ml. to determine cytolysin production among various strains and species of legionella, the authors studied bacterial ultrasonic lysates. all 11 strains of l. pneumophila tested were cytolysin-positive. l. longbeachae, l. bozemanii and l. dumoffii strains failed to produce cytolysin. the authors believe ... | 1988 | 2458000 |
| immunologic diversity among serogroup 1 legionella pneumophila urinary antigens demonstrated by monoclonal antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. | we tested urine specimens from 222 patients with serogroup 1 legionella pneumophila pneumonia in two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) which used different monoclonal antibodies (a and b) as detector antibodies. of 171 specimens which contained enough antigen to be detected in the elisas, 169 reacted in only one of the two assays. a total of 25 patients whose infections were acquired in any of three indianapolis hospitals excreted antigen reactive with monoclonal antibody b, but 18 pat ... | 1988 | 2460492 |
| [the action of interferon preparations on strains of legionella of various serogroups and species]. | the action of different preparations of interferon on legionella strains has been studied in vivo and in vitro. the preparations of leukinferon at a concentration of 500 international units (i.u.) and reaferon at a concentration of 10,000 i.u. have been found to produce an inhibiting effect on legionella strains in vitro, in a medium with carbon-yeast agar. leukinferon at a concentration of 125 i.u. suppresses the growth of l. pneumophila also in a liquid medium. the preparation of leukinferon a ... | 1988 | 2469268 |
| identification of species of the genus legionella using a cloned rrna gene from legionella pneumophila. | a cloned ecori fragment from legionella pneumophila, which includes 16s and 23s rrna genes, was used to identify bacteria belonging to the genus legionella by hybridization to a series of species specific restriction fragments. examination of the type strains of 28 species of legionellae gave different band patterns in every case. when further isolates of these species were tested the patterns obtained were usually either identical, or very similar, to those of the respective type strains. thirt ... | 1988 | 2473164 |
| rapid determination of bacterial ribosomal rna sequences by direct sequencing of enzymatically amplified dna. | ribosomal rna sequences are an appealing target for bacterial classification as well as for development of group- or species-specific dna probes. using the polymerase chain reaction and synthetic primers, the feasibility of this gene amplification technique for rapid sequence determination of the major 16s ribosomal rna domains from small amounts of input dna is demonstrated. information useful for phylogenetic classification as well as for construction of specific dna probes may be obtained by ... | 1989 | 2482222 |
| [levels of anti-legionella antibodies in a healthy neapolitan population]. | legionella pneumophila was firstly recognized as the causative agent of a serious pneumonia about a decade ago. since then a number of studies was carried out in order to define the epidemiological and clinical features of the microorganism. so far a high variability of the geographic distribution of the infection has been reported, with prevalences up to 50% of healthy populations. therefore, a seroepidemiological survey was carried out on prevalence of legionella pneumophila infections among h ... | 1989 | 2483635 |
| [legionella--new pathogens in the water]. | | 1989 | 2490198 |
| [old and new pathologies proposed by epidemiology]. | the results of a study made in the areas of central italy on a random community on the significant presence of cases with seroantibodies against campylobacter, yersinia, legionella pneumophila, francisella tularensis and rotavirus confirm the hypothesis on the presence in the territory of microorganisms responsible. these positivities in man are not only single but also contemporaneous for at least two microorganisms. hence the hypothesis of the presence in the environment (animals, soil, surfac ... | 1989 | 2490401 |
| [direct immunofluorescence. its usefulness in the diagnosis of legionella pneumophila infections]. | | 1989 | 2490647 |
| [legionnaires' disease--12 years later]. | a survey of development of our knowledge about legionnaires' disease since its detection to the first epidemics in yugoslavia, is given. the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinic and therapy of legionellosis are summarized. it is pointed out that the detection of legionnaires' disease and successful fight against legionella infections require a close cooperation of clinicians, microbiologists, epidemiologists and corresponding technical experts. their active attitude toward this disease i ... | 1989 | 2490998 |
| the incidence of legionella pneumonia: a 1-year prospective study in a large community hospital. | in a 1-year prospective study, 28 of 476 pneumonia patients (5.9%) were diagnosed as having legionella pneumonia. legionella pneumonia was diagnosed in 12 (5%) of 240 community-acquired pneumonias and in 16 (6.8%) of 236 nosocomial pneumonias. four methods of establishing diagnosis were used: serum antibody detection, direct proof of legionellae by immunofluorescence, culture, and legionella antigen detection in urine. the latter method proved to be clearly advantageous to all other methods in e ... | 1989 | 2493533 |
| interferon gamma-activated human monocytes downregulate transferrin receptors and inhibit the intracellular multiplication of legionella pneumophila by limiting the availability of iron. | we have investigated the role of iron in the intracellular biology of legionella pneumophila in human monocytes and in the effector arm of cell-mediated immune defense against this intracellular bacterial pathogen. to determine if l. pneumophila intracellular multiplication is iron dependent, we studied the effect of the iron chelator deferoxamine on l. pneumophila infection of monocytes. deferoxamine at 15 microm completely inhibited l. pneumophila intracellular multiplication. the inhibitory e ... | 1989 | 2496141 |
| production of antibody to and cellular localization of erythrocyte-sensitizing substance from rickettsia rickettsii. | antibodies to rickettsia rickettsii erythrocyte-sensitizing substance (ess) were raised in rabbits by using a derivatized ess. the resulting antibodies reacted with r. rickettsii and cross-reacted with rickettsia conorii, a member of the spotted fever group rickettsiae, but did not react with rickettsia typhi, a member of the typhus group rickettsiae, legionella bozemanii, or proteus vulgaris ox19 or ox2. immunoblot analysis indicated that ess was present in more than one fraction and that the m ... | 1989 | 2497137 |
| coumamidines, new broad spectrum antibiotics of the cinodine type. iii. microbiologic activity of coumamidine gamma 1. | the coumamidines are novel antibiotics with activity against a wide spectrum of aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. all microbiological studies were performed on coumamidine gamma 1. the mic90s (micrograms/ml) of coumamidine are as follows: staphylococcus aureus 1.0, streptococcus pyogenes 8, enterobacteriaceae 2.0, pseudomonas aeruginosa 8, campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli 1, legionella pneumophila 8, haemophilus influenzae 0.5, neisseria gonorrhoeae 0.5. coumamidine ha ... | 1989 | 2498268 |
| induction of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor by legionella pneumophila: augmentation of human neutrophil bactericidal activity. | we have previously reported that legionella pneumophila antigens can induce interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) in vitro and in vivo in mice. furthermore, treatment of murine polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) cultures with these cytokines resulted in augmented killing of the bacteria in vitro. the purpose of the present study was to determine if these findings could be extended to human responses. here we report that legionella antigens induced ifn-gamma and tnf in nonim ... | 1989 | 2498451 |
| [cytolytic activity of legionella pneumophila]. | the properties of cytolysin and metalloproteinase purified by different methods have been studied. the physico-chemical properties of these proteins, including their molecular weight, immunodiffusion patterns, the degree of inhibition by edta and diethyl pyrocarbonate, amino acid composition, cytolytic and proteolytic activity, have proved to be similar. we have come to the conclusion that cytolysin and metalloproteinase have similar composition and metalloproteinase activity determines the cyto ... | 1989 | 2499140 |
| [the occurrence of legionella in dental units and the consequences for practice hygiene]. | the objective of our investigation is to establish and explain the contamination of dental treatment units on the basis of a theoretical model, as well as to develop solutions to problems. in a first longitudinal study (6), facultatively pathogenic bacteria were identified in the operating water of dental units; the legionellae findings in screening were verified in a second longitudinal study with consideration of possible causal factors of bacteriological and parasitological nature. we took sa ... | 1989 | 2500799 |
| [the significance of amoebae and other protozoa in water conduit systems in dental units]. | in a longitudinal study over a period of ten weeks, the water conduit systems of seven dental surgeries with a total of 20 dental units in which legionellae had been detected in an earlier study (3) were investigated as a complement to extended microbiological tests (4) for the occurrence of free-living amebae and other protozoa. in 96% of all water samples, one or several ameba species were detected. these included 14 strains of the genus naegleria, but no acanthamoebae. the naeglerias isolated ... | 1989 | 2500800 |
| [a case of legionnaires' disease associated with rhabdomyolysis]. | legionnaires' disease is primarily a respiratory disorder, but recently several cases with extrapulmonary manifestations are reported. we report a case of legionnaires' disease associated with pneumonia, diarrhea, central nerve disorders and rhabdomyolysis. the pathogenesis of rhabdomyolysis in legionnaires' disease remains speculative. endotoxin isolated from legionella pneumophila may play a role in the pathogenesis of the myonecrosis. an additional factor that might contribute to rhabdomyolys ... | 1989 | 2501424 |
| [adult respiratory distress syndrome in legionella pneumonia--successful treatment with extracorporeal co2 elimination procedures]. | we report on successful treatment of an 46-year-old patient with ards (adult respiratory distress syndrome), caused by legionella-pneumophilia-pneumonia. the treatment with conventional artifical mechanical ventilation had failed. the new method of extracorporeal co2-elimination and low frequency positive pressure ventilation (ecco2-r-lfppv), introduced by l. gattinoni (2) was in that case of severest ards very helpful. supported by antimicrobial therapy with erythromycin and rifampicin the lung ... | 1989 | 2504073 |
| the importance of penetration of antimicrobial agents into cells. | phagocytes may shelter intracellular pathogens from the otherwise lethal effects of many antibiotics. research in conditions such as chronic granulomatous disease, tuberculosis, legionellosis, and experimental staphylococcal infection underscores the principle that an antibiotic must enter the cell in order to be active against an intracellular microorganism. demonstrating entry does not guarantee activity, however. the microenvironment and intracellular distribution of the pathogen and antimicr ... | 1989 | 2504811 |
| [legionella dumoffii and legionella pneumophila serogroup 5 isolated from 2 cases of fulminant pneumonia]. | we encountered two cases of legionella pneumonia which ran a dramatic course and isolated legionella dumoffii from one patient and legionella pneumophila serogroup 5 from the other patient. the patient from whom l. dumoffii was isolated was a 59-year-old male with no basic disease. he presented chill, fever, coughing and other symptoms, starting on july 3, 1986, his disease was diagnosed as pneumonia at the clinic of his company. the patient was then introduced and admitted to our hospital. on a ... | 1989 | 2507680 |
| legionella pneumophila: laboratory diagnosis in developing countries like pakistan. | three hundred random sputum samples were collected for analysis from cases of mild to severe respiratory infections and screened for legionella pneumophila by both the culture method and also the direct fluorescent antigen test. in one third of the cases, blood specimen was also collected and screened for legionella serum antibodies. with the direct fluorescent test it was possible to identify legionella in 9% of the samples while the culture gave positive results in 4.3% of cases. diagnostic an ... | 1989 | 2511345 |
| inhibition of human natural killer cell activity by legionella pneumophila protease. | the present study was undertaken to define the effect of legionella pneumophila protease on natural killer (nk) cell function in vitro. lysis of target cells by human nk cells was determined using a 51cr-release assay. the protease inhibited the nk cell cytolytic activity in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. the inhibitory effect of the protease was not affected by alpha interferon or interleukin 2. legionella pneumophila protease partly inhibited the binding of effector cells to targe ... | 1989 | 2513201 |
| etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children based on antibody responses to bacterial and viral antigens. | the serologic responses to bacterial and viral antigens were determined in paired serum samples from 336 children, ages 1 month to 15 years, with roentgenographically verified community-acquired pneumonia. significant increases in antibodies against one agent were found in 40% and against two or more agents in 8% of the children. there were significant increases in antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus in 20%, viruses of the influenza-parainfluenza group in 6% and adenovirus in 3%. a se ... | 1989 | 2516622 |
| successful treatment of legionella-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome with acute renal failure and malignant hypertension by prostacyclin (epoprostenol). | | 1989 | 2516894 |
| susceptibility of legionella pneumophila to eight antimicrobial agents including four macrolides under different assay conditions. | a comparison of agar dilution and microdilution susceptibility testing for eight antimicrobial agents, including roxithromycin, was performed against 48 isolates of legionella pneumophila. for agar dilution tests, charcoal free agar (bsye) and charcoal supplemented agar (bcye) were used. in general, bsye agar produced lower mics than bcye agar, except for imipenem. microdilution testing data fell between the data obtained for the two agar media. the mbcs were two to sixteen fold higher than the ... | 1989 | 2526110 |
| a new macrolide, te-031 (a-56268), in treatment of experimental legionnaires' disease. | the activity of a new macrolide, te-031 (a-56268), against legionella pneumophila in vitro was superior to the activities of roxithromycin, erythromycin and josamycin. the tissue concentrations of te-031 in guinea pigs after oral administration (20 mg/kg) was much higher than those of roxithromycin, erythromycin and josamycin. the maximum concentration of te-031 was 107.0 mg/kg in the lung, and 1.4 mg/l in the serum. the uptake of macrolides by cells collected by bronchoalveolar lavage in guinea ... | 1989 | 2530201 |
| unexpected isolation of bordetella pertussis from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we isolated bordetella pertussis from three patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy for evaluation of respiratory symptoms. the b. pertussis isolates were recovered from medium (charcoal-yeast extract agar) formulated to enhance recovery of legionella spp., and one of the isolates stained positively with antisera directed against legionella spp. | 1989 | 2536756 |
| comparison of four charcoal media for the isolation of bordetella pertussis. | charcoal-horse blood agar with 40 micrograms of cephalexin per ml, charcoal-horse blood agar with 3 micrograms of lincomycin per ml, charcoal agar with 3 micrograms of lincomycin per ml, and legionella (buffered charcoal-yeast extract) agar with 3 micrograms of lincomycin per ml were compared for isolation of bordetella pertussis. charcoal-horse blood agar with 40 micrograms of cephalexin per ml gave the best results, with a b. pertussis recovery rate of 100%. growth was most rapid and the mean ... | 1989 | 2545740 |