| the major facilitator superfamily-type protein lbtc promotes the utilization of the legiobactin siderophore by legionella pneumophila. | the gram-negative bacterium legionella pneumophila elaborates the siderophore legiobactin. we previously showed that cytoplasmic lbta helps mediate legiobactin synthesis, inner membrane lbtb promotes export of legiobactin, and outer membrane lbtu acts as the ferrisiderophore receptor. rt-pcr analyses now identified lbtc as an iron-repressed gene that is the final gene in an operon containing lbta and lbtb. in silico analysis predicted that lbtc is an inner membrane protein that belongs to the ... | 2011 | 22160401 |
| Legionella steelei sp. nov. isolated from human respiratory specimens in California and South Australia. | Legionella-like bacteria were isolated from the respiratory tract of two humans in California and South Australia, but not thought to cause disease. These bacteria, strains F2632 and IMVS-3376, were found to have identical Legionella macrophage infectivity potentiator (mip) sequences, and were therefore further characterized to determine their genetic and phenotypic relatedness and properties. Both of these Gram-negative bacterial strains grew on buffered charcoal yeast extract medium, were cyst ... | 2011 | 21948093 |
| Tsunami lung. | We encountered three cases of lung disorders caused by drowning in the recent large tsunami that struck following the Great East Japan Earthquake. All three were females, and two of them were old elderly. All segments of both lungs were involved in all the three patients, necessitating ICU admission and endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. All three died within 3 weeks. In at least two cases, misswallowing of oil was suspected from the features noted at the time of the detection. ... | 2011 | 22057370 |
| Legionella wadsworthii pneumonia: Gram stain usefulness. | | 2011 | 22036520 |
| insight into cross-talk between intra-amoebal pathogens. | amoebae are phagocytic protists where genetic exchanges might take place between amoeba-resistant bacteria. these amoebal pathogens are able to escape the phagocytic behaviour of their host. they belong to different bacterial phyla and often show a larger genome size than human-infecting pathogens. this characteristic is proposed to be the result of frequent gene exchanges with other bacteria that share a sympatric lifestyle and contrasts with the genome reduction observed among strict human pat ... | 2011 | 22047552 |
| Diary of the "mad" med-lab techs. | | 2011 | 21936417 |
| Passage through Tetrahymena tropicalis enhances the resistance to stress and the infectivity of Legionella pneumophila. | Legionella pneumophila is a gram-negative bacterium prevalent in fresh water which accidentally infects humans and is responsible for the disease called legionellosis. Intracellular growth of L. pneumophila in Tetrahymena is inconsistent; in the species Tetrahymena tropicalis stationary-phase forms (SPFs) of L. pneumophila differentiate into mature intracellular forms (MIFs) without apparent bacterial replication and are expelled from the ciliate as pellets containing numerous MIFS. In the prese ... | 2011 | 22092856 |
| [Distribution and diversity of Legionella spp. in Lake Taihu in the winter]. | The Legionella spp. are ubiquitous in aquatic environment and could cause certain risks on human health. In order to investigate the distribution and diversity of Legionella spp. in Lake Taihu during winter time, water samples were collected from 32 sites of the whole lake in February 2010. The presence of Legionella spp. was screened by nested-PCR and their phylogenetic diversity was determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophorese (DGGE) and sequencing analysis of excised DGGE bands. The L ... | 2011 | 21922841 |
| Identification of Anaplasma marginale Type IV Secretion System Effector Proteins. | Anaplasma marginale, an obligate intracellular alphaproteobacterium in the order Rickettsiales, is a tick-borne pathogen and the leading cause of anaplasmosis in cattle worldwide. Complete genome sequencing of A. marginale revealed that it has a type IV secretion system (T4SS). The T4SS is one of seven known types of secretion systems utilized by bacteria, with the type III and IV secretion systems particularly prevalent among pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. The T4SS is predicted to play an i ... | 2011 | 22140462 |
| population variation in naip functional copy number confers increased cell death upon legionella pneumophila infection. | the naip gene encodes an intracellular innate immunity receptor that senses flagellin. the genomic region containing naip presents a complex genomic organization and includes various naip paralogs. here, we assessed the degree of copy number variation of the complete naip gene (naipfull) in various human populations and studied the functional impact of such variation on host cell fate using legionella pneumophila as an infection model. we determined that african populations have a naipfull dupli ... | 2011 | 22067212 |
| [a case of legionnaires' pneumonia accompanied by clinically mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (mers) with transient altered mental status and cerebellar symptoms, which responded to treatment by antibiotics and corticosteroid]. | a 60-year-old man was admitted because of fever, headache, and difficulty in walking. respiratory symptoms included only mild cough, but crackles were present on auscultation at the right lung base, the chest roentgenogram and computed tomography scans showed consolidation in the right lower lobe. laboratory findings revealed hyponatremia, elevated liver function test values and creatine phosphokinase, and legionella pneumophila antigen in urine. neurological examination revealed mild mental sta ... | 2011 | 22073610 |
| The rhizome of life: the sympatric Rickettsia felis paradigm demonstrates the random transfer of DNA sequences. | The intracellular flea symbiont, Rickettsia felis, may meet other organisms intracellularly such as R. typhi. We used a single-gene phylogenetic approach of the 1375 R. felis genes to look for horizontal transfers that occurred as a result of the bacterial promiscuity with other organisms. Our results showed that besides genes that are linked to the Spotted Fever Group, 165 genes have a different history and are linked to other Rickettsia such as R. bellii (107 genes), R. typhi (15 genes), or to ... | 2011 | 22024628 |
| Legionella pneumophila regulates the small GTPase Rab1 activity by reversible phosphorylcholination. | Effectors delivered into host cells by the Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm type IV transporter are essential for the biogenesis of the specialized vacuole that permits its intracellular growth. The biochemical function of most of these effectors is unknown, making it difficult to assign their roles in the establishment of successful infection. We found that several yeast genes involved in membrane trafficking, including the small GTPase Ypt1, strongly suppress the cytotoxicity of Lpg0695(AnkX), a ... | 2011 | 22158903 |
| Two signal models in innate immunity. | Two-signal models have a rich history in immunology. In the classic two-signal model of T-cell activation, signal one consists of engagement of the T-cell receptor by antigen/major histocompatibility complex, whereas signal two arises from costimulatory ligands on antigen-presenting cells. A requirement for two independent signals helps to ensure that T-cell responses are initiated only in response to bona fide infectious threats. Our studies have led us to conclude that initiation of innate imm ... | 2011 | 21884165 |
| spontaneous rupture of the spleen associated with legionella pneumonia. | spontaneous rupture of the spleen associated with legionella pneumonia is a rare and life-threatening complication; only three cases have been reported to date. the authors describe a case of a 47-year-old man who presented with pneumonia and abdominal pain. he underwent a splenectomy, and was successfully treated with clarithromycin and levofloxacin. | 2010 | 21886641 |
| Respiratory failure presenting in H1N1 influenza with Legionnaires disease: two case reports. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 22018019 |
| [Revision of the drinking water regulations]. | The revision the Drinking Water Regulations will come into effect on 01.11.2011. Surveillance authorities and owners of drinking water supply systems had hoped for simplifications and reductions because of the new arrangements. According to the official statement for the revision the legislature intended to create more clarity, consider new scientific findings, to change regulations that have not been proved to close regulatory gaps, to deregulate and to increase the high quality standards. A de ... | 2011 | 22113379 |
| legionella secreted effectors and innate immune responses. | legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular pathogen capable of replicating in a wide spectrum of cells. successful infection by legionella requires the dot/icm type iv secretion system, which translocates a large number of effector proteins into infected cells. by co-opting numerous host cellular processes, these proteins function to establish a specialized organelle that allows bacterial survival and proliferation. even within the vacuole, l. pneumophila triggers robust immune respon ... | 2012 | 21985602 |
| Making hospital water safe, examined. | What are the best methods for monitoring hospital water systems to prevent contamination by waterborne pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella? How can hospital staff determine whether a Pseudomonas outbreak is due to cross-contamination between patients and staff, or to the contamination of a systemic water supply, and how can we best protect our most vulnerable patients from infection with the array of pathogenic organisms lurking in hospitals? As Susan Pearson reports, these w ... | 2011 | 22049621 |
| [Legionellosis in Poland in 2009]. | In 2009--10 cases of legionellosis were reported in Poland, the incidence rate was 0.026/100 000 (in 2008--15 cases, incidence rate 0.039). All cases were laboratory confirmed. Most of them were diagnosed with serological tests--determination with ELISA test the anti-legionella antibodies in IgM fraction of serum gamma globulins, as the most recent reaction for Legionella infection. Four cases were diagnosed by detection of legionella antigen in urine. In 2005-2009 27 cases were associated with ... | 2011 | 21913463 |
| Faster Legionella testing on horizon. | While the "traditional" way to measure Legionella quantitatively in water is based on a complex culture method where results can take up to 14 days, the last few years have seen the availability of very rapid real-time monitoring of the bacterium in water systems, with the development of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), a process which gives results "within hours". To date, however, a lack of consensus on how to interpret such results in relation to those from culture has been a st ... | 2011 | 21859065 |
| [A case of legionellesis pneumonia verified by isolation of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid treated with levofloxacine and tigecycline]. | A male patient received non-chemotherapeutic drugs which induced deep neutropenia complicated with sepsis, bilateral pneumonia, acute respiratory insufficiency. Artificial pulmonary ventilation was applied. The examination of bronchoalveolar lavage showed the presence of the culture L. pneumophila (serogroup 1) in a concentration 2 x 10(3) CFU/ml. Antibacterial therapy with levofloxacin in a dose 1000 mg/day was conducted. In a week not only L.pneumophila but also Acinetobacter baumanii was isol ... | 2011 | 21894754 |
| empyema caused by legionella pneumophila. | | 2011 | 22153580 |
| eight years of legionnaires' disease transmission in travellers to a condominium complex in las vegas, nevada. | summarytravel is a risk factor for legionnaires' disease. in 2008, two cases were reported in condominium guests where we investigated a 2001 outbreak. we reinvestigated to identify additional cases and determine whether ongoing transmission resulted from persistent colonization of potable water. exposures were assessed by matched case-control analyses (2001) and case-series interviews (2008). we sampled potable water and other water sources. isolates were compared using sequence-based typing. f ... | 2012 | 22214820 |
| [hygienic assessment of the characteristics of centralized hot water supply in case of moscow]. | the paper considers the characteristics of domestic hot water consumption by moscow dwellers. it gives the results of questionnaire surveys in 100 respondents aged 20-80 years about the modes and intensity of hot water use, by indicating the time and frequency of contact with hot water complaints about hot water supply. according to the authors'studies, the daily consumption of hot water per capita was 1.1-2 times greater than that of cold water; at the same time the total water use remained to ... | 2011 | 22250387 |
| live legionella pneumophila induces muc5ac production by airway epithelial cells independently of intracellular invasion. | the airway epithelium is the initial barrier against airborne pathogens, and it plays many roles in host airway defense. legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen that causes rapidly advancing pneumonia and is sometimes life-threatening. here, we evaluated the role of the airway epithelial cells in the defense against l. pneumophila by examining mucus production in vitro. the production of muc5ac, a major mucin protein, was not induced by formalin- or ultraviolet-killed l. pneumophil ... | 2012 | 22260247 |
| legionella pneumophila lida affects nucleotide binding and activity of the host gtpase rab1. | legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of a severe pneumonia known as legionnaires' disease, intercepts material from host cell membrane transport pathways to create a specialized vacuolar compartment that supports bacterial replication. delivery of bacterial effector proteins into the host cell requires the dot/icm type iv secretion system. several effectors, including sidm, sidd, and lepb, were shown to target the early secretory pathway by manipulating the activity of the host guanosine ... | 2012 | 22228731 |
| inhibition of bacterial carbonic anhydrases and zinc proteases: from orphantargets to innovative new antibiotic drugs. | zinc-containing enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrases (cas) and metalloproteases (mps) play critical functions in bacteria, being involved in various steps of their life cycle, which are important for survival, colonization, acquisition of nutrients for growth and proliferation, facilitation of dissemination, invasion and pathogenicity. the development of resistance to many classes of clinically used antibiotics emphasizes the need of new antibacterial drug targets to be explored. there is a weal ... | 2012 | 22214451 |
| aminoacyl-trna-charged eukaryotic elongation factor 1a is the bona fide substrate for legionella pneumophila effector glucosyltransferases. | legionella pneumophila, which is the causative organism of legionnaireś disease, translocates numerous effector proteins into the host cell cytosol by a type iv secretion system during infection. among the most potent effector proteins of legionella are glucosyltransferases (lgt's), which selectively modify eukaryotic elongation factor (eef) 1a at ser-53 in the gtp binding domain. glucosylation results in inhibition of protein synthesis. here we show that in vitro glucosylation of yeast and mous ... | 2011 | 22216304 |
| innate immune pathways triggered by listeria monocytogenes and their role in the induction of cell-mediated immunity. | acquired cell-mediated immunity to listeria monocytogenes is induced by infection with live, replicating bacteria that grow in the host cell cytosol, whereas killed bacteria, or those trapped in a phagosome, fail to induce protective immunity. in this chapter, we focus on how l. monocytogenes is sensed by the innate immune system, with the presumption that innate immunity affects the development of acquired immunity. infection by l. monocytogenes induces three innate immune pathways: an myd88-de ... | 2012 | 22244582 |
| domain structure and denaturation of a dimeric mip-like peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase from escherichia coli. | fkbp22, a protein expressed by escherichia coli, possesses ppiase (peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase) activity, binds fk506 (an immunosuppressive drug) and shares homology with legionella mip (a virulence factor) and the related proteins. to understand the domain structure and the folding / unfolding mechanism of mip-like proteins, a recombinant e. coli fkbp22 (his-fkbp22) was investigated here as a model protein. limited proteolysis indicated that his-fkbp22 harbors an n-terminal domain (ntd) ... | 2012 | 22263615 |
| legionella pneumophila secretes a mitochondrial carrier protein during infection. | the mitochondrial carrier family (mcf) is a signature group of integral membrane proteins that transport metabolites across the mitochondrial inner membrane in eukaryotes. mcf proteins are characterized by six transmembrane segments that assemble to form a highly-selective channel for metabolite transport. we discovered a novel mcf member, termed legionellanucleotide carrier protein (lncp), encoded in the genome of legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of legionnaire's disease. lncp was se ... | 2012 | 22241989 |
| an outbreak of legionnaires disease associated with a decorative water wall fountain in a hospital. | objective. to detect an outbreak-related source of legionella, control the outbreak, and prevent additional legionella infections from occurring. design and setting. epidemiologic investigation of an acute outbreak of hospital-associated legionnaires disease among outpatients and visitors to a wisconsin hospital. patients. patients with laboratory-confirmed legionnaires disease who resided in southeastern wisconsin and had illness onsets during february and march 2010. methods. patients with ... | 2012 | 22227989 |
| co-existence of legionella and other gram-negative bacteria in potable water from various rural and urban sources. | | 2011 | 22216808 |
| legionella longbeachae and endocarditis. | we report a case of infectious endocarditis attributable to legionella longbeachae. l. longbeachae is usually associated with lung infections. it is commonly found in composted waste wood products. l. longbeachae should be regarded as an agent of infectious endocarditis, notably in the context of gardening involving handling of potting soils. | 2012 | 22261182 |
| legionella micdadei prosthetic valve endocarditis complicated by brain abscess: case report and review of the literature. | legionella endocarditis is extremely uncommon, and embolic phenomena have never been reported. we report the first case of legionella micdadei prosthetic valve endocarditis complicated by brain abscess. a 57-y-old immunocompromised woman with a history of mitral valve replacement developed confusion and left-sided weakness. brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a 3-cm peripheral-enhancing mass. transoesophageal echocardiography suggested a perivalvular abscess. blood cultures and valve culture ... | 2012 | 22235842 |