Publications

rapid diagnosis of legionnaires' disease by urinary antigen detection. comparison of elisa and radioimmunoassay.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect urinary antigen excreted by patients with legionnaires' disease. of 47 patients tested, antigen was detected in 39. of these 39 specimens, 35 gave clearly positive results by visual analysis; four others required spectrophotometric verification of positive results. antigen was not detected in any of 178 urine specimens from patients with other pulmonary, bacteremic or urinary tract infections after a quick and simple confirmatory test. ...	1982	7072742
isolation of pittsburgh pneumonia agent from a hospital shower.	tatlockia (legionella) micdadei, the pittsburgh pneumonia agent, was isolated from a hospital shower. although it was not possible, at the current time, to establish an epidemiological link to disease acquisition, this information may be significant because it provides further evidence that a water-associated reservoir of this organism exists within the hospital.	1982	7073279
a heat-labile necrotic activity in supernatants from cultures of legionella pneumophila.	crude, concentrated extra-cellular supernatants from legionella pneumophila produced a soft-tissue necrosis, demonstrated by intraperitoneal or sub-cutaneous injections into infant mice. the reaction was rapid and gave a hemorrhagic tissue necrosis within minutes. being heat-labile, this tissue reaction is different from those of a heat-stable cytotoxin and a heat-stable hemolysin previously described.	1982	7080833
legionella pneumophila in cooling water systems. report of a survey of cooling towers in london and a pilot trial of selected biocides.	fourteen recirculating cooling water systems were surveyed during the summer, 1981, to see what factors might influence the prevalence of legionella pneumophila. the effect on the organism of three anti-microbials was studied, each in two systems, by intermittent treatment at two week intervals. l. pneumophila was isolated from six of the 14 cooling systems at the beginning of the trial but by the end was present in ten. an association was found between the presence of the organism and the conce ...	1982	7086112
legionella pneumophila in a hospital water supply.		1982	7088109
concurrent legionnaires' disease and active pulmonary tuberculosis.	a 68-yr-old man was admitted to the hospital with severe legionnaires' disease, which was serologically confirmed by a 6-fold increase in antibody titers to legionella pneumophila, serogroup 1. the patient improved dramatically with intravenously administered erythromycin therapy but was discharged from the hospital with residual debility and pulmonary complaints later recognized as being caused by active pulmonary tuberculosis. the diagnostic and therapeutic confusion engendered by the concurre ...	1982	7091885
the causative organism in fort bragg fever.		1982	7091947
myelosuppression in legionnaires' disease.	a patient undergoing examination for moderately severe renal insufficiency had fulminant five-lobed pneumonia caused by legionella pneumophila. her clinical course was complicated by granulocytopenia. bone marrow aspiration showed notable inhibition of myelopoiesis, involving all stages of maturation. the presence of a serum inhibitor of granulopoiesis was demonstrated by in vitro bone marrow culture. normal bone marrow cultured in the presence of serum from two normal control subjects yielded 6 ...	1982	7092451
legionnaire's disease in palermo and possible involvement of legionella pneumophila in cases of pericardial effusion.		1982	7095861
studies of the specificity of legionella serology.	sera with concurrent rises in titer to legionella and mycoplasmal or chlamydial antigens were absorbed with whole legionella organisms. absorption removed legionella reactivity only. no evidence of cross-reactivity between legionella organisms and either mycoplasma or chlamydia organisms was found in studies of hyperimmune rabbit antisera.	1982	7096562
formalised yolk sac antigen in early diagnosis of legionnaires' disease caused by legionella pneumophila serogroup 1.		1982	7096602
[evaluation of the method for isolating legionella spp. from cooling tower water by low- ph solution treatment (author's transl)].		1982	7098076
[detection of the cases of legionellosis (legionnaires' disease) among the patients with acute pneumonias].		1982	7101042
[psittacosis as a cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (author's transl)].	diagnosis of acute, primary extensive pneumopathies provoking severe hypoxemia is particularly difficult, became of the non-specific radiological findings, resulting from the oedema and associated alveolar collapse, and the fact that the clinical picture and biological test results are not very characteristic of a particular etiology. similar findings may be obtained, therefore, in bacterial pneumopathies so-called typical pulmonary affections, certain forms of acute, tuberculosis, and other typ ...	1982	7103304
hot water systems as sources of legionella pneumophila in hospital and nonhospital plumbing fixtures.	samples obtained from plumbing systems of hospitals, nonhospital institutions and homes were cultured for legionella spp. by plating the samples directly on a selective medium. swab samples were taken from the inner surfaces of faucet assemblies (aerators, spouts, and valve seats), showerheads, and shower pipes. water and sediment were collected from the bottom of hot-water tanks. legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 5, and 6 were recovered from plumbing fixtures of the hospitals and nonhospital ...	1982	7103477
multiplication of legionella pneumophila in unsterilized tap water.	naturally occurring legionella pneumophila, an environmental isolate which had not been grown on artificial medium, was tested for the ability to multiply in tap water. a showerhead containing l. pneumophila and non-legionellaceae bacteria was immersed in nonsterile tap water supplying this fixture. also l. pneumophila and non-legionellaceae bacteria were sedimented from tap water from a surgical intensive care unit. this bacterial suspension was inoculated into tap water from our laboratory. th ...	1982	7103487
legionella longbeachae pneumonia diagnosed by bronchial brushing.		1982	7104903
legionnaires' disease. association with severe bronchospasm and hypoventilation.	a 31-year-old man with legionnaires' disease, who presented with severe pneumonia and hypoxemia, later developed severe bronchospasm and marked hypercapnia, a complication not previously reported in legionella infection. he responded to therapy with erythromycin and a bronchodilator.	1982	7105870
[clinical picture of legionnaires' disease (author's transl)].	legionella infections can take the clinical course of a relatively harmless respiratory infection. however, serious, atypical pneumonia is a more frequent manifestation of infection with these pathogens. as yet, six different legionella species can be identified; legionella pneumophila appears to be the most common. legionnaires' pneumonia is being found with increasing regularity during summer and autumn in elderly male patients with previous illnesses. the clinical picture is characterised by ...	1982	7107021
[diseases of the lungs caused by legionella species (author's transl)].	ever since the 1976 philadelphia epidemic and the isolation of the causative organism by macdade in 1977, numerous clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological papers have stressed the significance of the "new" causative organisms responsible for serious cases of pneumonia. on the basis of knowledge available at present, the legionellaceae family accounts for these bacteria. there are five different species in the genus legionella: l. pneumophila, l. micdadei, l. bozemannii, l. dumoffii and l. ...	1982	7107022
isoprenoid quinones of the genus legionella.	representative strains of each of the named species of legionella were examined for isoprenoid quinones by reverse-phase thin-layer chromatography. all strains contained three or more ubiquinones (q9, q10, q11, q12, q13) which were useful for placing the species into one of three distinct groups. group 1 contained l. longbeachae, l. bozemanii, l. dumoffi, and l. gormanii; group 2 contained only l. micdadei; and group 3 contained only l. pneumophila. the identities of the quinones were establishe ...	1982	7107837
characterization of antibody responses in legionellosis with an immunofluorometric assay.	a solid-phase immunofluorometric assay was used to qualitatively characterize and precisely measure human immunoglobulin class-specific antibody responses in legionellosis. stable antigen preparations consisted of cells grown at 25 degrees c that were killed, fixed with formalin vapors, washed, and lyophilized. working-curve material consisted of dilutions of selected convalescent sera. linear regressions of logit transformations of relative fluorescence intensities versus the logarithm of the r ...	1982	7107841
detection of legionella antigenuria by reverse passive agglutination.	a reverse passive agglutination method was developed to detect soluble antigens of legionella spp. by this method legionella antigens were detected in urine specimens from 14 of 15 antigenuric patients with clinically diagnosed legionnaires disease and in none of 263 urine samples from healthy subjects or patients with urinary tract infections. intra-genus cross-reactivity was observed only between l. pneumophila serogroups 2, 3, and 6. the legionella reverse passive agglutination method was als ...	1982	7107849
survival of legionella pneumophila after decontamination with paraformaldehyde gas.		1982	7108276
acanthamoebiasis and immunosuppression. case report.	immunosuppression and debilitating illnesses are occasionally associated with multifocal brain lesions of acanthamoebiasis, an encephalitis distinct from the acute, water-sport related meningoencephalitis caused by naegleria fowler. a 38-year-old man with a renal transplant two and one-half years before his final illness developed pneumonia due to legionella micdadei. candida albicans was isolated from sputum and cytomegalovirus was found in lung and liver biopsies. he had continuous corticoster ...	1982	7108568
[legionnaire's disease - current developments].		1982	7110404
[new etiological factors in pneumonia: chlamydia trachomatis and legionella pneumophila].		1982	7110803
relapsing legionella pneumonia.		1982	7111877
[first-hand experience with serological diagnosis of legionellosis in czechoslovakia].		1982	7116394
plasmid and surface antigen markers of endemic and epidemic legionella pneumophila strains.	environmental and clinical isolates of legionella pneumophila obtained from the pittsburgh veterans administration medical center were studied for the presence of plasmids and for unique surface antigens. the majority of environmental isolates contained a single 80-megadalton plasmid. after an epidemic of nosocomial legionnaires disease subsided in the spring of 1981, plasmid-bearing environmental isolates persisted in the environment. whereas l. pneumophila could not be reisolated from most sit ...	1982	7119096
a rapid microagglutination test for the diagnosis of legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) infection.	a rapid microagglutination test has been developed which can be performed in 30 minutes. ninety-seven percent of 96 patients diagnosed as having legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) infection by indirect immunofluorescence were also detected by the rapid microagglutination test.	1982	7119121
ultrastructure of the cell envelope layers and surface details of legionella pneumophila.	ten strains representing six serogroups of legionella pneumophila were examined by electron microscopy using freeze-etching, thin-sectioning and negative-staining techniques. in addition, selected strains were examined further as shadowed and freeze-dried preparations and by scanning electron microscopy. the cell envelope consisted of two membranes, evident in fractured specimens as four short ridges. the major fracture plane was through the inner membrane, and therefore the protoplasmic and ext ...	1982	7119742
pathological and biochemical features of legionella pneumophila infection in guinea-pigs.	the main pathological feature of experimental legionellosis produced by the intraperitoneal inoculation of guinea-pigs was a fibrinopurulent peritonitis, especially over the liver and spleen. foci of necrosis were present in these organs from the second to seventh day after infection. early biochemical changes in the serum included significant decreases in the concentration of zinc and iron, and increases in copper and triglycerides. phenylalanine to tyrosine ratios increased strikingly, but fre ...	1982	7120355
an update on legionnaires' disease and pneumonias caused by "new" legionella-like bacteria.		1982	7121473
lytic activity of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus against bacteria of the family legionellaceae.	a lytic activity of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strains 6-5-s and 12 was found to be present, against representatives of three legionella species: legionella pneumophila-strains knoxville 1 (serogroup 1), togus 1 (serogroup 2), bloomington 2 (serogroup 3) and los angeles 1 (serogroup 4); legionella micdadei-strain tatlock; legionella bozemanii-strain wiga, as well as against strains of legionella pneumophila isolated in bulgaria-draginovo 1, 2, 3-belonging to serogroup 1. it is suggested that b. ...	1982	7124158
legionnaires' disease: new clinical perspective from a prospective pneumonia study.	in an attempt to ascertain the incidence of legionnaires' disease at our hospital, a prospective case-control pneumonia study was conducted for 11 months. specialized diagnostic tests for legionella pneumophila, including serologic study, direct immunofluorescent examination, and selective culture, were made routinely available in our hospital. to our surprise, l. pneumophila was the most common cause of pneumonia (22.5 percent) attributable to a single pathogen, followed by streptococcus pneumo ...	1982	7124763
legionellosis--the 1980 san francisco outbreak.	during the first half of march 1980, an unseasonal outbreak of legionellosis, which involved at least 14 of approximately 1,000 workers, occurred in a 6-month-old office building in san francisco. an epidemiologic investigation revealed that persons 50 yr of age and older were at increased risk of disease. the outbreak was temporally associated with operation of the building's air conditioning system. in addition, legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 4, and 6 were identified in water samples tak ...	1982	7125358
susceptibility of legionella spp. to mycinamicin i and ii and other macrolide antibiotics: effects of media composition and origin of organisms.	thirty-three strains of legionella spp., 29 of which were l. pneumophila, were tested for their susceptibilities to erythromycin (em), rosaramicin, tylosin, mycinamicin i (sch-27897), and mycinamicin ii (sch-27896). testing was performed using an agar dilution method with two different types of media: buffered charcoal yeast extract medium supplemented with 0.1% alpha-ketoglutarate (bcye alpha) and filter-sterilized yeast extract medium with 0.1% alpha-ketoglutarate (bye alpha). the minimal inhi ...	1982	7125633
legionnaires' disease.		1982	7126977
pneumonia caused by a previously undescribed bacterium.	a new and as yet unidentified bacterium was isolated from the lung tissue of a cancer patient with bilateral pneumonia. clinically, the pneumonia was consistent with legionellosis; the organism cultured from the lung grew only on the charcoal-yeast extract agar routinely used for legionella isolation. subsequent testing, however, showed the organism to be quite distinct from the known legionella species in its biochemical, antigenic, and growth characteristics.	1982	7130363
isolation of legionella pneumophila from hospital water systems in victoria.	a survey of water symptoms in 12 victorian hospitals was undertaken to establish the prevalence of legionella pneumophila in buildings not known to be associated with cases of legionnaires' disease. samples of hot, cold and shower water were taken, together with water from cooling towers, and isolation was attempted by guinea-pig inoculation. legionella pneumophila was not isolated from any of the hot, cold or shower samples, but six strains were isolated from five of the cooling towers sampled.	1982	7132874
isolation of legionella pneumophila from a lung specimen.		1982	7133222
[severe pneumopathy due to legionella pneumophila: report on two cases].	two patients with severe forms of legionnaires' disease presented similar manifestations of a confusional syndrome, a major infectious syndrome resistant to cyclines, beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides, altered hepatic and renal functions, and a fulminating course with the need for assisted ventilation in one case. indirect immunofluorescence serology gave very positive results in both patients and changes in serum levels were reported 6 and 8 months after the onset of the disease. a serotype i s ...	1982	7134103
lipid a in legionella pneumophila.		1982	7136354
growth of legionella pneumophila in defined media: requirement for magnesium and potassium.	the inorganic ions magnesium and potassium were required for optimal growth of legionella pneumophila in a chemically defined medium composed of amino acids and inorganic salts. optimum growth was obtained at concentrations of approximately 20 micrograms/ml (80 microm) mgso4 x 7h2o and 150 micrograms/ml (2 mm) kcl. comparable results were obtained with all six serogroups of l. pneumophila as well as with both laboratory-adapted and animal-passed strains.	1982	7139412
legionella micdadei pneumonia. historical perspective of a new pneumonia.		1982	7140393
lack of airborne spread of infection by legionella pneumophila among guinea pigs.	many investigators find no spread of legionnaires disease from person to person. the present study examined the question of airborne transmission of infection by legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 from guinea pigs inoculated nasally with the agent to healthy guinea pigs. the nasal inoculation produced confluent peribronchiolar pneumonia similar to the pulmonary lesions observed in humans, but by techniques of clinical observation, serology, culture, and pathology, there was no evidence of airbor ...	1982	7141707
sometimes getting into hot water solves a (legionella) problem.		1982	7143635
new legionella species caused windsor, ont., illness.		1982	7143636
legionnaires' pneumonia after intratracheal inoculation of guinea pigs and rats.	we have developed a model of legionnaires' pneumonia in guinea pigs and rats. a reproducible population of legionella pneumophila was obtained in late exponential growth phase and inoculated into the trachea of young animals. either immunologic or microbiologic evidence of infection was demonstrated in 27 or 28 guinea pigs and 19 of 20 rats that had been inoculated with 10(5) to 10(7) colony-forming units. an acute pneumonia that resembled human legionnaires' disease was produced in both species ...	1982	7144138
[legionellosis with fatal outcome].		1982	7145412
[legionnaires' disease with digestive tract lesions. one case].	in the case reported pulmonary legionella infection was diagnosed by sputum cultures even though immunofluorescence tests were negative. the patient had positive coomb's test due to circulating auto-antibodies which disappeared after he recovered. the course of the disease was prolonged by perforation of the coecum requiring excision of the colon and terminal ileostomy. erythromycin had to be given intravenously. pathological examination of the digestive tract lesions showed inflammatory colitis ...	1982	7145657
legionella pneumophila in tourists.		1982	7145813
cocultivation of legionella pneumophila and free-living amoebae.	studies of the interaction of legionella pneumophila with free-living amoebae showed that naegleria lovaniensis and acanthamoeba royreba could use l. pneumophila as a sole food source. however, growth of the amoebae on nonnutrient agar plates seeded with l. pneumophila was slower than growth on nonnutrient agar plates seeded with escherichia coli. on inoculation of l. pneumophila into axenic cultures of n. lovaniensis and a. royreba, 99.9% of the l. pneumophila was destroyed within 24 h. after s ...	1982	7149720
comparative study of selective media for isolation of legionella pneumophila from potable water.	a total of 100 water samples, 95% of which were taken from hospital potable water fixtures, were cultured on three different media used for the isolation of legionella pneumophila. the media used were buffered charcoal-yeast extract medium (bcye alpha medium), bcye alpha medium with antimicrobial agents (bmpa alpha medium), and bcye alpha medium with antimicrobial agents, glycine, and differential dyes (mwy medium). an acid wash procedure was also used for specimens plated on bcye alpha and bmpa ...	1982	7153316
legionella infections in scotland.	four thousand two hundred and thirty-five sera from 2794 patients and 740 sera from 735 tourists domiciled in scotland recently returned from abroad were examined between 1977 and 1981 for antibodies to legionella pneumophila and related organisms. in addition, specimens were examined from some patients for cultural or serological demonstration of these organisms in lung or sputum. one hundred and ten cases were diagnosed, 104 serologically, five by immunofluorescence demonstration of legionella ...	1982	7153509
cord blood lymphocyte transformation responses to legionella pneumophila.	cord blood lymphocytes were obtained from 94 neonates for transformation assays with sonicated and partially legionella antigens and phytohemagglutinin. the legionella antigens gave mean stimulation indices (si) of approximately three times the background. the nonspecific mitogen phytohemagglutinin gave mean si of 23 times the background. there was some minor nonspecific stimulation of cord blood lymphocytes by legionella antigens but not enough to account for the si seen in patients with legion ...	1982	7154057
[case of severe acute pneumonia with increased titer of antibodies to legionella].		1982	7155924
efficacy of ozone in eradication of legionella pneumophila from hospital plumbing fixtures.	the effect of ozonation of supply water for one wing of an unoccupied hospital building which had positive cultures for legionella pneumophila from multiple potable water fixtures was studied in a prospective, controlled fashion. mean ozone residual concentrations of 0.79 mg/liter eradicated l. pneumophila from the fixtures, but so did nonozonated water in the control wing fixtures. the efficacy of the nonozonated water was most probably due to a mechanical flushing effect and to an unexpected r ...	1982	7159081
[severe pneumonia in a young patient].		1982	7163140
[legionnaires' disease].		1982	7164489
[postoperative legionnaires' disease. 1 case following esophagectomy for cancer].		1982	7165148
[legionnaires' disease: an autochthonous, sporadic disease. apropos of 5 cases].		1982	7178709
[progress in pneumonology. legionnaires' disease].		1982	7182837
[retired soldier's diseases].		1982	7185463
evaluation of the effect of sodium selenate on the growth of mycobacterial stock cultures.	a study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of sodium selenate supplementation (5 micrograms/ml) on the growth characteristics of a variety of mycobacterial isolates. supplemented lowenstein-jensen and middlebrook 7h11 agar were compared to nonsupplemented media. eighteen mycobacterium stock isolates were tested. selenate supplementation had no predictable or consistent growth stimulatory effect as compared with nonsupplemented media.	1982	6814235
coreactivity of legionella pneumophila immune sera in the mycoplasma pneumoniae complement fixation test.	sheep and guinea pigs were immunized with cellular and extracellular antigen from legionella pneumophila bacteria. after immunization, the animals developed immunoglobulin g titers against the immunizing agent. the same sera were also tested in a mycoplasma pneumoniae complement fixation test. all the preimmunization sera from sheep showed positive m. pneumoniae complement fixation tests of varying titers, with significant antibody rises in two of five sheep as a result of the legionella immuniz ...	1982	6818250
prevalence of antibody to serogroups 1-4 of legionella pneumophila: a seroepidemiologic study using the indirect hemagglutination test.	an indirect hemagglutination test was used to determine the prevalence of antibody to serogroups 1-4 of legionella pneumophila in sera from 1200 apparently healthy michigan residents. serogroup 1 was the most prevalent; 71 (11.8%) of 600 sera collected during the winter months (january-april, 1980) and 131 (21.8%) of 600 sera collected during the summer period (july-september, 1980) had serogroup 1 titers. this seasonal difference was independent of sex and was statistically significant in four ...	1982	6979243
characterization of the beta-lactamases of six species of legionella.	the beta-lactamases of six legionella species were characterized by isoelectric focusing, gel filtration, and substrate profiles. fifteen strains of l. bozemanii, l. dumoffii, l. gormanii, l. longbeachae, and l. pneumophila produced beta-lactamases active against nitrocefin. l. micdadei enzymes previously reported to be beta-lactamase negative caused a very slow ph-dependent breakdown of nitrocefin and degraded penicillin g at high substrate concentrations. the bioassay revealed predominantly pe ...	1982	6979538
legionnaires' pneumonia after aerosol exposure in guinea pigs and rats.	we developed an animal model of legionnaires' pneumonia to permit study of aerosol infection, pathogenesis, and pulmonary host defense mechanisms in this disease. guinea pigs and rats were exposed in a nose-only inhalation facility for 30 min to an aerosol of burlington serogroup 1 legionella pneumophila. lungs contained 10(3) to 10(4) l. pneumophila immediately after exposure. both guinea pigs and rats developed pneumonia, with 100% infectivity by microbiologic, histologic, and serologic criter ...	1982	6983846
recommended precautions for patients with legionnaires' disease.	as diagnostic techniques for the identification of legionella species have become readily available, recognition of the pneumonic form of legionellosis has increased. in particular, cases of hospital-acquired legionella pneumophila are being identified and this has led to concern over possible person-to-person transmission. in most epidemiologic investigations where a source has been identified, water has been implicated. person-to-person transmission has not been convincingly documented. theref ...	1982	6922835
bactericidal activity of antibiotics against legionella micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent).	the bactericidal activity of five antibiotics for legionella micdadei was determined by the construction of time-kill curves. erythromycin, rifampin, penicillin g, cephalothin, and gentamicin were bactericidal for l. micdadei at readily achievable concentrations. the minimal bactericidal concentrations, defined as those producing 99.9% killing within 24 h, were: erythromycin, 4.6; rifampin, 0.13; penicillin g, 0.25; cephalothin, 2.5; and gentamicin, 0.25 micrograms/ml. the ratios of the minimal ...	1982	6927637
an unusual case of fatal macrophagic pneumonia in a 12-days old infant, caused by a gram-negative legionella-like microorganism.		1982	6242566
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura complicating legionnaires' disease.	a case of legionella pneumophila infection complicated by thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ttp) was confirmed at autopsy by the demonstration of the organism in lung tissue, and by the finding of widespread intravascular and subendothelial thrombi associated with microinfarctions in all major organs examined. in addition to the typical hematologic abnormalities of ttp, the patient was found to have a low serum c3 level and elevated levels of immune complexes as measured by the liquid phase c ...	1982	6890793
legionnaires' disease and legionellosis.		1982	7039949
bacterial infections of the lung.		1982	7039986
the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (pal) of the proteus mirabilis outer membrane: characterization of the peptidoglycan-associated region of pal.	the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (pal) is present in the cell envelope in a form closely, but not covalently, associated with peptidoglycan in various gram-negative bacteria. when the cell envelope or the isolated peptidoglycan-pal complex from proteus mirabilis, in which pal maintains the interaction with peptidoglycan, was digested with trypsin, a polypeptide fragment with molecular weight 11,000 (11 k fragment) was obtained. however, when isolated pal or the 11 k-fragment which had be ...	1982	7040359
legionella jordanis: a new species of legionella isolated from water and sewage.	legionella jordanis sp. nov., as found in two cultures, is described. one isolate was from river water in indiana and the other isolate was from sewage in dekalb county, ga. the former is the type strain of the species, and is designated bl-540 (atcc 33623). l. jordanis had a partial relationship to l. bozemanii by direct fluorescent-antibody tests but was unrelated to l. pneumophila, l. dumoffii, l. micdadei, l. gormanii, or l. longbeachae. legionella phenotypic characteristics, including large ...	1982	7040449
aniline blue-containing buffered charcoal-yeast extract medium for presumptive identification of legionella species.	by utilizing buffered charcoal-yeast extract medium containing 0.01% aniline blue in conjunction with a long-wave uv light, the differentiation of five species of legionella was facilitated. l. pneumophila, when grown on this medium, did not absorb the aniline blue dye; however, l. micdadei, l. dumoffii, l. bozemanii, and l. gormanii absorbed the dye in varying amounts and produced colonies of various shades of blue.	1982	7040468
diagnosis of legionella pneumophila infections by means of formolised yolk sac antigens.	formolised yolk sac antigens of legionella pneumophila serogroups 1-6 were used to test 1792 serum specimens from 1431 patients with respiratory illness of serological evidence of legionnaires' disease (ld). thirty-five patients showed titres against the serogroup 1 antigen diagnostic for ld. only two further cases were considered to have non-serogroup i infections (both serogroup 4) indicating that such infections are rare. titres of greater than 1/16 against the serogroup 1 antigen occur in on ...	1982	7040484
[legionnaires' disease].		1982	7040792
role of virulence factors in legionella infections.		1982	7036941
sporadic legionellaceae pneumonia in renal transplant recipients. a survey of 70 autopsies, 1964 to 1979.	the discovery in recent years of previously unrecognized pathogenic bacteria now classified in the family legionellaceae raised the possibility that significant but undetected infections from these organisms might have occurred in the past. the known susceptibility of immunosuppressed patients to these organisms led us to examine, by direct immunofluorescence, lung tissue from 70 autopsies of renal transplant recipients. only two cases were detected, one each due to legionella bozemanii (wiga) a ...	1982	7036942
pittsburgh pneumonia agent: chest film manifestations.	pittsburgh pneumonia agent, legionella micdadei, is a gram-negative, weakly acid-fast bacillus, recently recognized as a cause of pulmonary infection in the immunocompromised host. the chest radiographic findings in seven patients with this disease are reported. these consist of single or multiple nodules and segmental infiltrates involving part of all of one or more lobes. a striking feature in this series was the rapid growth of the pulmonary densities.	1982	7034507
prevalence of antibodies to legionella pneumophila in animal populations.	we examined more than 2,800 human and animal sera for antibodies to four serogroups of legionella pneumophila by using the microagglutination test. antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1:64 were considered positive. the occurrence of positive equine sera (31.4%) was significantly higher than the occurrence of positive sera in cattle (5.1%), swine (2.9%), sheep (1.9%), dogs (1.9%), goats (0.5%), wildlife (0%), and humans (0.4%). the highest titer measured in horses was 1:512. the occurrenc ...	1982	7186901
enzymatic activities of legionella pneumophila and legionella-like organisms.	the api zym system was used to investigate enzymatic activities of legionella pneumophila and other legionella-like organisms. leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, butyrate and caprylate esterase, and phosphoamidase activities were consistently detected in all strains tested. no evidence of myristate lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, or glycosidase activity was found.	1982	7186905
urine test identifies legionella.		1982	10255561
should hospital water be checked for legionella?		1983	10263226
multiplication of legionella pneumophila in unsterilized tap water.	[this corrects the article on p. 1333 in vol. 43.].	1983	16346179
nosocomial legionnaires' disease and other nosocomial legionella pneumonias.		1983	6551354
changing spectrum of pneumonia--news media creation or clinical reality?		1983	6600370
legionnaires' pneumonia in guinea pigs and rats produced by aerosol exposure.		1983	6601569
clinicoradiographic correlation with the extent of legionnaire disease.	serial chest radiographs from 34 confirmed cases of legionnaire disease diagnosed between february 1979 and june 1981 were reviewed. initial involvement was most often a peripheral patchy alveolar infiltrate (76%, 26/34) with progression to consolidative pneumonia in 70% (18/26) of these cases. initial or eventual involvement of noncontiguous lobes (50%, 17/34) was common. bilateral changes developed in 50% of cases and bilateral diffuse disease developed in 12%. pleural effusions attributable t ...	1983	6603115
legionella pneumonia in guinea pigs exposed to aerosols of concentrated potable water from a hospital with nosocomial legionnaires' disease.	an investigation of an outbreak of nosocomial legionella pneumonia revealed that the potable water of the hospital was contaminated with a distinctive strain of legionella pneumophila (designated the le-1 strain), which was by culture and serology linked with human illness. to examine the possible role of this water in this outbreak, eight healthy guinea pigs were exposed to an aerosol of concentrated potable water. seven animals developed pneumonia due to the le-1 strain of l. pneumophila. in o ...	1983	6822749
tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and clindamycin.	the tetracyclines are active in vitro against many urinary tract pathogens such as chlamydia, mycoplasma pneumoniae, brucella, rickettsiae, and nocardia. chloramphenicol is used primarily for anaerobic infections, haemophilus influenzae meningitis, and infections due to salmonella typhi. erythromycin is active in vitro against m. pneumoniae, legionella spp., streptococcus pneumoniae, and group a beta-hemolytic streptococci; it may also be used as prophylactic therapy for subacute bacterial endoc ...	1983	6823163
legionnaires' disease. clinical and pathologic features and current management.	"new" diseases continue to crop up. one of the most spectacular of these is legionnaires' disease, first diagnosed after an epidemic in philadelphia in 1976. analysis of stored serums, however, has shown the causative agent, legionella pneumophila, to be the culprit in epidemics of pneumonia occurring as early as 1947. the disease has a spectrum of presentations ranging from a self-limited syndrome of myalgias and nonproductive cough with a 24-hour incubation period to a severe pneumonia with di ...	1983	6823462
a 1957 outbreak of legionnaires' disease associated with a meat packing plant.	retrospective study shows that a 1957 outbreak of pneumonia in austin, minnesota, was legionnaires' disease. between june 7 and august 9, 1957, 78 persons were hospitalized with acute respiratory disease of unknown cause. most had fever, headache, cough, and pneumonitis; two died. ages ranged from 14-83 years; half of the patients were aged 55 years or older. eighty-seven per cent were men. there were no secondary cases. forty-six (59%) of the 78 patients were employees at a local meat packing p ...	1983	6823953
perirectal abscess caused by legionella pneumophila and mixed anaerobic bacteria.		1983	6824252
[legionnaire's disease in a domestic travel group].		1983	6825602
coinfections of mycoplasma pneumoniae and legionella pneumophila with influenza a virus.	serum samples from patients with documented influenza a virus infections were examined for antibodies to legionella pneumophila and mycoplasma pneumoniae to determine whether simultaneous or sequential infections with l. pneumophila and m. pneumoniae were complicating factors in influenza. when the frequency of copositivity of sera to influenza a virus and l. pneumophila was compared with the expected frequency for each infection alone, the difference was not statistically significant. however, ...	1983	6826698