Publications

[detection of anti-legionella pneumophila microagglutinating antibodies and their epidemiological significance].		1981	7038787
legionella micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent) infection in nonimmunosuppressed patients with pneumonia.		1981	7212505
a comparison of some biologic characteristics of isolates of the legionnaires' disease bacterium.	the ability of three isolates of serogroup 1 and one isolate of serogroup 4 of legionnaires' disease bacterium (ldb) to infect and cause fever and death in guinea pigs was studied, as well as their ability to produce plaques in cultured primary chick embryo cells. the serogroup 4 isolate originally was recovered from cord clot and placental tissue from a healthy mother following delivery of a normal child. the effects on ldb of prolonged cultivation on supplemented mueller-hinton (mh) agar mediu ...	1981	7212630
legionnaires' disease and arthritis.		1981	7214263
isolation of legionella pneumophila, serogroup 6 in canada.		1981	7214281
ultrastructural localization and protective activity of a high-molecular-weight antigen isolated from legionella pneumophila.	immunoperoxidase labeling showed that the f-1 antigen of legionella pneumophila is located on the bacterial cell surface. protection against lethal intraperitoneal challenge with serogroup 1 l. pneumophila was induced in guinea pigs by heat-killed cells and f-1 antigen from serogroup 1, but not by heat-killed cells or f-1 antigens from serogroup 2, 3, or 4.	1981	7216476
susceptibility of legionella pneumophila to three cooling tower microbicides.	investigation of epidemic outbreaks of legionnaires disease by center for disease control personnel has resulted in the isolation of legionella pneumophila from water in the air-conditioning cooling towers or evaporative condensers at the site of the outbreak. it is suspected that improperly maintained open, recirculating water systems may play a role in the growth and dissemination of this pathogen. the objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of three chemically diff ...	1981	7224623
in vitro responses of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages to legionella pneumophila.	transmission and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the phagocytosis of virulent and avirulent strains of legionella pneumophila. the interaction between l. pneumophila and peritoneal macrophages from normal guinea pigs or from animals that had survived infection was studied. the virulent strains survived and proliferated within the phagocyte after ingestion by either type of macrophage, whereas the avirulent strain of bacteria was killed by normal macrophages. although the addition ...	1981	7228402
isolation of plasmids in legionella pneumophila and legionella-like organisms.	agarose gel electrophoresis was employed to screen nine strains of legionella-like bacteria and one strain of legionella pneumophila for the presence of extrachromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid. cryptic plasmids with molecular weights ranging from 46.6 x 10(6) to 59.8 x 10(6) were found in three of the isolates examined.	1981	7228404
isolation of legionella spp. from environmental water samples by low-ph treatment and use of a selective medium.	a selective medium was developed and used successfully to isolate legionella pneumophila and legionella-like organisms from environmental specimens previously positive by animal inoculation methods. this medium consists of charcoal-yeast extract agar to which have been added cephalothin (4 micrograms/ml), colistin (16 micrograms/ml), vancomycin (0.5 microgram/ml), and cycloheximide (80 micrograms/ml). pretreating of the environmental water samples with an acid buffer (ph 2.2), followed by platin ...	1981	7229015
thermophilic sporeforming bacilli that mimic fastidious growth characteristics and colonial morphology of legionella.	gram-negative bacilli resembling legionellae were isolated from contaminated culture media. these bacilli are distinguishable from legionellae by their thermophilic characteristic.	1981	7229019
infections with legionella pneumophila in children.	to learn the role of legionella pneumophila, the agent of legionnaires' disease, in childhood illness, a prospective study was conducted among 52 children younger than four years of age with acute disease of the lower respiratory tract. viral, mycoplasmal, and bacterial cultures and acute- and convalescent-phase sera were obtained during 64 episodes of acute illness; additional sera were drawn annually for three to five years. on the basis of serologic evidence, none of the acute episodes appear ...	1981	7229438
epidemic legionnaires' disease. airborne transmission down a chimney.	between june 18 and july 9, 1979, legionnaires' disease (ld) developed in 13 persons who had visited a hotel complex in wisconsin. all had visited the part of the hotel that contains the restaurants and meeting rooms (building a). legionnaires' disease occurred in 1% who had been exclusively in the meeting rooms and in 0.1% who had eaten only at the hotel restaurants. furthermore, 1.5% exposed to meeting room 1 and none of those exposed only to the other meeting rooms had ld. legionella pneumoph ...	1981	7230470
the prevalence of serum antibodies to legionella pneumophila in patients with chronic pulmonary disease.	sera from 113 outpatient with chronic pulmonary disease and 76 control subjects were tested by the indirect immunofluorescent technique for serum antibodies against legionella pneumophila. no patient had an antibody titer greater than or equal to 1:256, a titer presumptive for past or present infection by legionella pneumophila. however, 2 patients had a titer of 1:126, and 9 patients had a titer of 1:64. the control group (n = 76) had titers no higher than 1:32 (p less than 0.01). eight of the ...	1981	7235365
rapid radioimmunoassay diagnosis of legionnaires' disease: detection and partial characterization of urinary antigen.	urine from nine patients with serogroup 1 legionnaires' disease, 100 with infected or contaminated urine, 50 with bacteremic infections, 26 with infectious or infiltrative pulmonary diseases, and 65 with miscellaneous infectious or noninfectious illnesses, was examined by radioimmunoassay for the presence of legionella pneumophila antigen(s). urine of all nine legionnaires' disease patients was clearly differentiated from that of the 241 control subjects by the assay. the antigen was detected fr ...	1981	7235392
legionella longbeachae species nova, another etiologic agent of human pneumonia.	a new species of bacteria that is an etiologic agent of human pneumonia has been isolated and characterized. clinical symptoms of infection with this organism are not readily distinguishable from those caused by legionella pneumophila infection. the organism was isolated from respiratory tract specimens from four patients. two cases of infection apparently originated in california and one in georgia, and a fourth was of unknown geographic origin. the name legionella longbeachae species nova is p ...	1981	7235414
[histopathological characteristics of legionella pneumophila infection in man and guinea pigs].	the current histopathological aspects of legionnaires' disease, a newly discovered acute feverish disease accompanied by severe rapidly progressive pneumonias with 20% mortality are reviewed. epidemic and sporadic cases of legionnaires' disease occurred both in the united states and many countries of europe. the gross and microscopic pathology of autopsy specimens from patients with legionnaires' disease and pathological findings in guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally with legionella pneumo ...	1981	7236041
acute interstitial nephritis complicating legionnaires' disease.	an acute interstitial nephritis was found in a patient with sudden renal failure and lung infection caused by legionella pneumophilia. our patient regained and maintained normal renal function after a short period of dialysis support. the diagnosis should be considered in any patient with a chest infection complicated by acute renal failure especially if confusion is disproportionate to the degree of uremia.	1981	7237871
rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen from human urine.	a reversed passive hemagglutination test was developed to assay relative concentrations of soluble antigen of legionnaires disease (legionella pneumophila serogroup 1) in human urine samples. the test is highly sensitive, being able to detect as little as 0.0002 microgram of total antigen. preliminary results with this test on serial urine and serum samples from a patient with legionellosis show that measurable amounts of antigen are present in urine during the course of the illness. however, no ...	1981	7240396
interaction of the legionnaires' disease bacterium (legionella pneumophila) with human phagocytes. ii. antibody promotes binding of l. pneumophila to monocytes but does not inhibit intracellular multiplication.	in an accompanying paper (13), we reported that human polymorphonuclear leukocytes kill only a limited proportion (0.5 log) of an inoculum of legionella pneumophila (philadelphia 1 strain) in the presence of human anti-l. pneumophila antibody and complement. we now report on the effect of anti-l. pneumophila antibody on l. pneumophila-monocyte interaction. the studies were carried out under antibiotic-free conditions. monocytes bind more than three times as many viable l. pneumophila bacteria in ...	1981	7241049
lymphocyte transformation to legionella pneumophila.	lymphocytes from seventeen subjects with previously diagnosed legionnaires' disease and 63 subjects without a history of legionellosis were studied in a transformation assay with a crude extract of legionella pneumophila. in the lymphocyte transformation assay the mean stimulation index was 48+/-14 in the legionnaires' disease group and 18+/-13 (p less than 0.001) in the control group. endotoxin from escherichia coli did not stimulate the cultures. extracts from multiple other gram negative baci ...	1981	7241565
[seroconversion by legionella pneumophila serogroup i in a child. 1st report in italy].		1981	7242484
[effect of cultural conditions on the virulence of the agent of legionnaires' disease].		1981	7245969
legionnaires' disease combined with erythema multiforme in a 3-year-old boy.	a case of legionnaires' disease (ld) is described in a 3-year-old boy. he had fulminant disease with typical signs like bilateral pneumonia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and somnolence indicating involvement of the central nervous system. there was no premorbidity. an outstanding development was erythema multiforme, which has never previously been described in ld. the basic disease was caused by legionella pneumophila. this is evidenced by specific serum igm at admission and a subsequent significa ...	1981	7246139
immune defenses against legionella pneumophila in rats.	rats were examined for their susceptibility to infection with legionella pneumophila. different strains of l. pneumophila representing serogroups 1 to 4 were tested (philadelphia 1 and 2, togus 1, bloomington 2, los angeles 1, and the recently isolated ld-8 from the epidemics in västeraas, sweden). when about 9 x 10(8) bacteria, or 6 x 10(8) colony-forming units, were injected intraperitoneally, only rats infected with the ld-8 strain showed signs of illness. they became ill within 4 to 6 h and ...	1981	7251147
the effect of inoculum, culture medium and antimicrobial combinations on the in-vitro susceptibilities of legionella pneumophila.	the in-vitro susceptibility of 14 strains of legionella pneumophila to 17 anti-microbial agents were determined. the most active antibiotics were cefoxitin, erythromycin and doxycycline while the least active were cephalothin, cefamandole and cefazolin. subculturing, type of medium and duration of incubation did not alter the effect of the antimicrobial agents. a change in the inoculum size, from 10(4) to 10(6) cfu, increased mics two- to sixfold. erythromycin was not synergistic with gentamicin ...	1981	7251523
[legionnaires' disease. first observations in catalonia (author's transl)].	the authors report the first two cases of legionnaires' disease from catalonia. both patients were chronic bronchitic males, and the cases were sporadic. the onset of the disease was characterized by a febrile illness with muscle and joint pains, respiratory symptoms (cough and mucous sputum production), and mental changes. there were no digestive complaints. pulmonary consolidation occurred in both patients in the left upper lobe. blood chemistries disclosed the existence of an absolute lymphop ...	1981	7253729
[legionnaires' disease. report of 2 autopsies].		1981	7255353
[the thermic stability of legionella pneumophila (author's transl)].		1981	7257656
characteristics of environmental isolates of legionella pneumophila.	thirty-eight cultures of legionella pneumophila isolated from surface waters were characterized by their morphological, tinctorial, biochemical, and serological properties and by their ability to produce disease in guinea pigs. their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents also was tested. when they were compared with clinical isolates, no important differences were found between cultures from the two sources. sodium hippurate hydrolysis, gelatin liquefaction, pigment formation, and beta-lactama ...	1981	7259160
toxic activities of legionellaceae. newer aspects.		1981	7270504
[bacteriology of legionnaires' disease].		1981	7031802
comparison of specific immunoglobulin g, m and agglutinating antibodies against legionella pneumophila.	sera from 25 patients showing a 4-fold or greater rise in polyvalent ifa titer against legionella pneumophila were examined for the presence of agglutinating antibodies and the titers of specific igg and igm immunoglobulins. agglutinating antibodies were detected in 20 patients (80%) at titers paralleling and amounts of specific igm present. in sera from the remaining 5 patients (20%), agglutinating antibodies and specific igm were absent. in this study the class of antibody produced following i ...	1981	7031860
extrathoracic localization of legionella pneumophila in legionnaires' pneumonia.	extrathoracic organs of 12 fatal cases of legionnaires' disease from the 1977 vermont epidemic were reviewed for the presence of legionella pneumophila. the bacteria were identified by direct immunofluorescence microscopy of paraffin-embedded spleen, liver, lymph node, and kidney tissue. extrathoracic bacteria were demonstrated in six of the 12 cases (3/7 spleens, 2/9 livers, and 2/10 kidneys). in the liver and spleen, the legionellae were associated with cells of the reticuloendothelial system. ...	1981	7032278
[legionnaires' disease. review].		1981	7033691
[clinical demonstrations. legionnaires' disease. tumor-associated nephrotic syndrome. primary oxalosis].	in a clinical demonstration, case reports on 3 patients are presented: 1. in a 27-year-old male who developed severe multicentric atypical pneumonia, cns, liver and renal involvement and signs of rhabdomyolyses suggested infection with legionella pneumophila. diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of dieterle-stain positive organisms and positive culture of lung biopsy tissue. antibiotic treatment, especially erythromycin, and prolonged mechanical respiration produced complete recovery. 2. the ...	1981	7036333
[isolation and characterization of the three first strains of "legionella pneumophila" found in france (author's transl)].	the technical methods of culture and identification of the three first strains isolated in france of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, are described. in two patients, bacilli were seen by the direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) method, either during the course of the disease (case 1) or at postmortem examination (case 3). the causal strain was cultivated after guinea-pig inoculation or directly from either bronchial aspirate or postmortem lung. identification of l. pneumophila required the deter ...	1981	7036824
pretibial rash in legionella pneumophila pneumonia.	legionella pneumophila pneumonia developed in a 46-year-old man, 23 days after receiving a cadaveric renal homograft. a painful, nonpruritic, macular, erythematous rash limited to the pretibial surfaces of both legs appeared on the fifth day of illness. fever, pneumonia, and rash resolved in association with erythromycin lactobionate therapy.	1981	7012392
[legionella pneumophila and legionella-like agents. current classification].		1981	7012472
legionnaires' disease in renal transplant patients.	legionnaires disease, which is commonly manifested as pneumonia, was only recently recognized to be a bacterial infection. diagnosis can be difficult because gram's stain does not readily stain the bacterium in pulmonary secretions, the organism is not readily cultured, and legionellae is not affected by many commonly used antibiotics. in a retrospective review of all of our transplant patients, we identified 14 cases of legionnaires' disease after 101 renal transplants. the patients characteris ...	1981	7013509
ecological distribution of legionella pneumophila.	bacteria were concentrated 500-fold from 20-liter water samples collected from 67 different lakes and rivers in the united states. the data suggest that legionella pneumophila is part of the natural aquatic environment and that the bacterium is capable of surviving extreme ranges of environmental conditions. the data further demonstrate the effectiveness of the direct fluorescent-antibody technique for detecting l. pneumophila in natural aquatic systems. smears of the concentrated samples were s ...	1981	7013702
direct immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of legionnaires' disease.	over a 2 1/2 year period, 61 clinical specimens from 41 patients with pneumonia of uncertain etiology were evaluated for the presence of legionella pneumophila (serogroups 1 to 4) by immunofluorescent antibody techniques. in 13 of 19 patients with legionnaires' disease, the diagnosis was established by fluorescent antibody (fa) staining of lung biopsies, pleural fluids, or respiratory tract secretions. in the 19 patients with legionnaires' disease, the diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of l p ...	1981	7014123
legionnaires' disease following cardiac transplantation.	the first two cases of legionnaires' disease in heart transplant patients are reported. of interest in these cases were culture of the organism from sputum, diagnosis by percutaneous lung aspiration, bronchopleural fistula formation in the first case, which was then successfully treated with multiple-tube thoracostomies, early cavitation of lesions in both cases after the start of antibiotic therapy, positive direct fluorescent antibody staining from transtracheal aspirate 42 days after starting ...	1981	7014127
legionella micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent): direct fluoresent-antibody examination of infected human lung tissue and characterization of clinical isolates.	legionella micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent) was identified by direct fluorescent-antibody (dfa) examination of lung tissue in six of seven persons diagnosed previously as having l. micdadei pneumonia only by histopathology and in four persons who also had positive cultures of the organism. no cross-reactions occurred with monospecific dfa conjugates prepared against legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6, legionella bozemanii, legionella dumoffii, and legionella gormanii. one person had l ...	1981	7014621
detection of antibodies to legionella pneumophila in immune guinea pig serum by solid-phase immunofluorescence.	a semiautomated solid-phase immunofluorescence apparatus (fiax; international diagnostic technology, santa clara, calif.) was utilized to develop a rapid method for detection of antibody to legionella pneumophila. the sera from guinea pigs immunized with a mixture of killed l. pneumophila and freund complete adjuvant displayed markedly enhanced antibody activity as measured by fiax when compared with that obtained from adjuvant-injected or unimmunized animals. a correlation was observed between ...	1981	7014622
fluorescent-antibody detection of legionella dumoffii in a fatal case of pneumonia.	legionella dumoffii organisms were detected in the lung tissue from a patient with a fatal case of pneumonia, the second reported to date. a fluorescent-antibody conjugate specific for the tex-kl organism isolated in 1979 revealed many l, dumoffii organisms in lung tissue obtained postmortem from this patient.	1981	7014626
intracellular replication of legionella pneumophila.	legionella pneumophila was inoculated onto tissue culture monolayers of mrc-5, hela, hep 2, and mccoy cells. fresh and conditioned medium without cells served as controls. cultures were harvested at various times after inoculation, serial log10 dilutions were performed, and growth of l. pneumophila was quantitated either by direct immunofluorescence or by counting colony-forming units on feeley-gorman agar. growth in monolayers was demonstrated using both techniques. within 72--96 hr after inocu ...	1981	7014732
legionellosis.		1981	7015873
interaction of the legionnaires' disease bacterium (legionella pneumophila) with human phagocytes. i. l. pneumophila resists killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, antibody, and complement.	we have previously reported that virulent egg yolk-grown legionella pneumophila, philadelphia 1 strain, multiplies intracellularly in human blood monocytes. we now report on the interaction between virulent l. pneumophila and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn), antibody, and complement, in vitro, under antibiotic-free conditions. l. pneumophila in concentrations ranging from 10(3) to 10(6) colony forming units (cfu)/ml are completely resistant to the bactericidal effects of 0-50 percent fr ...	1981	7017062
legionnaires' disease in children.	in a retrospective survey of sera collected from 126 patients under the age of 10 years, seroreactivity was first detected at 1 year of age when the geometric mean titer rose from 12 to 24. this activity increased to a titer of 102 in the 4- to 6-year-old group and was maintained in the 7- to 9-year-old group. at the time of serum collection, at least 25% of those sampled had a titer of 256 or greater, a level currently thought to be presumptive evidence of infection at some undetermined time. ...	1981	7017574
structure of the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (pal) of the proteus mirabilis outer membrane. i. isolation and characterization of fatty acid-containing peptides from pal.	in the outer membrane of p. mirabilis, a peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (pal) of apparent molecular weight 18,000 is present as a major protein. a fatty acid-containing polypeptide (lipopolypeptide; lpp) was isolated by digestion of the purified pal with trypsin in the presence of 0.05% sds. it was composed of 31 amino acid residues, an unidentified compound[x], and ca. 3 fatty acid residues. a lipooligopeptide (lop) was also isolated after further digestion of lpp with trypsin in the abse ...	1981	7019203
structure of the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (pal) of the proteus mirabilis outer membrane. ii. sequence of the amino-terminal part of the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein.	the amino acid of the lipooligopeptide (lop) derived from the n-terminal region of the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (pal) of proteus mirabilis was determined to be [x]-ser-ser-asn-lys. an unidentified compound[x] present at the n-terminus was identified as glycerylcysteine [s-(propane-2,'3'-diol)-3-thio, 2-amino-propanoic acid]. the partial amino acid sequence of the lipopolypeptide (lpp), which contained the lipooligopeptide (lop) at its n-terminal part, was also determined, mainly by e ...	1981	7019204
[legionellosis (legionella pneumophilia infections)].		1981	7019739
antibodies to legionella pneumophila serotype 1 among the healthy new zealand population.	the antibody levels to legionella pneumophila, serotype 1 in two groups of healthy new zealanders have been determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. these have been compared with antibody levels obtained from patients' sera submitted for l. pneumophila antibody levels. significant levels of antibody have been found among the healthy people. the lower age groups demonstrated greater levels of immunity than those of patients suspected of having the disease.	1981	7019781
primary isolation of a new strain of the tatlock/pittsburgh pneumonia agent (legionella micdadei).	pneumonia, empyema and lung abscesses developed in a patient following a neurosurgical procedure and associated short-term corticosteroid therapy. an organism identical to the tatlock/pittsburgh pneumonia agent (legionella micdadei) was the only organism isolated from multiple specimens from lung aspirates and chest tube drainage. the organism was isolated directly on charcoal yeast extract (cye) agar and classified as identical to the tatlock bacterium by direct immunofluorescent staining and b ...	1981	7020252
legionnaires' disease: an update.	legionella pneumophila is transmitted by aerosolization of water or dust from soil. there are six serotypes and four newly recognized related organisms. sporadic cased of legionnaires; disease are more common than epidemic case and are less likely to be suspected . most reporters cases are characterized by severe pneumonia. bacteriologic culture is the preferred method of diagnosis, but most cases are identified by the indirect fluorescent antibody method. erythromycin is the drug of choice.	1981	7020390
long-term followup of two patients with pulmonary cavitation caused by legionella pneumophila.	two patients with cavitary pneumonia caused by legionella pneumophila were followed by several months. both patients had positive sputum cultures for l. pneumophila; one patient had positive respiratory tract cultures for 18 days after initiation of erythromycin. slow resolution of the cavities occurred in both patients after 1 to 2 months of antimicrobial therapy.	1981	7020508
isolation of legionella pneumophilia from cooling tower water by filtration.	methods are described for detection of legionella pneumophila in cooling tower water or other water sources by direct fluorescent-antibody staining. a procedure for isolation of legionella bacteria from water samples by guinea pig inoculation is described. two different serogroups of l. pneumophila were isolated repeatedly from one of the cooling towers.	1981	7020594
the demonstration, by immunofluorescence, of legionella pneumophila organisms in human lung tissue embedded in epoxy resin.	legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 has been demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence in human lung tissue fixed in 10% formal saline and embedded in epoxy resin. the organism was visualised using rabbit serogroup 1 antibody and sheep anti rabbit fluorescein conjugate. the fluorescent labelled organism was found distributed throughout the tissue with focal areas in alveolar spaces and also visualised by electron microscopy in the same tissue. this method therefore enables specific identificati ...	1981	7021483
the frequency of legionella infection prospectively determined in children hospitalized with pneumonia.		1981	7021784
[legionnaires' disease].		1981	7022588
legionellosis in an infant: first case in italy.	among several children admitted in hospital with febrile acute pneumonia, it has been found - by indirect immunofluorescence assay a significant seroconversion for legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, compatible with a recent infection, in an 18-month-old boy. the clinical course of the disease was favourable, and a prompt recovery as observed after administration of an antibiotic (cefuroxime) stable to the bacterial beta-lactamase.	1981	7023501
rickettsia-like bacteria.		1981	7024165
rickettsia-like bacteria.		1981	7024166
prevalence of antibodies to legionella pneumophila and legionella micadei in renal transplant recipients.		1981	7025376
in vitro production of an extracellular protease by legionella pneumophila.	extracellular protease activity was measured in liquid cultures of representative strains from six serotypes of legionella pneumophila. a variety of substrates were degraded, including denatured casein, skim milk, gelatin, and hide powder azure, but not elastin.	1981	7028630
legionnaires disease. infections caused by legionella pneumophilia and legionella-like organisms.		1981	7030594
[results of activity of legionellosis national center in 1980 (author's transl)].		1981	7041205
bacteria newly recognized as nosocomial pathogens.	bacteria recently recognized as nosocomial pathogens generally fall into three categories: those that grow slowly, those that are fastidious in their nutritional or atmospheric requirements and those that resemble commensals. each characteristic has contributed to the delay in perceiving their importance. mycobacterium chelonei and myco. fortuitum--which grow slowly, although characterized as "rapid-growing" mycobacteria--cause sternal osteomyelitis, pericarditis and endocarditis after cardiac s ...	1981	7008590
dye-containing buffered charcoal-yeast extract medium for differentiation of members of the family legionellaceae.	the addition of 0.001% bromocresol purple and 0.001% bromothymol blue to buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar allowed differentiation between members of the family legionellaceae. on this medium, legionella pneumophila grew as relatively flat, pale green colonies, whereas tatlockia micdadei (gen. nov., comb. nov., pittsburgh pneumonia agent) produced blue-gray colonies. fluoribacter spp. (gen. nov., atypical legionella-like organisms) developed glistening colonies which were brighter green than ...	1981	7009642
rapidly expanding pulmonary nodule caused by pittsburgh pneumonia agent.		1981	7009903
nodular legionnaire disease.		1981	6974480
legionellosis and the indoor environment.		1981	6947849
sporadic legionnaires' disease. a pathologic study of 23 fatal cases.	twenty-three fatal sporadic cases of serogroup 1 legionella pneumophila pneumonia have been analyzed. bilateral consolidating fibrinopurulent pneumonia was evident in most cases. in four leukopenic immunosuppressed subjects, and acute fibrinoserous pneumonia with a remarkable lack on inflammation was present. the bacterium was found at extrathoracic sites in 27% of the cases. involvement of the spleen (25%), bone marrow (13%), and kidneys (4.5%) suggests that hematogenous spread of the infection ...	1981	6894076
immunoperoxidase staining for the serotype-specific demonstration of legionella pneumophila.		1981	7005675
[investigation of legionella pneumophila and other pathogenic gram-negative bacteria in pulmonary autopsy samples of children dying as a consequence of acute respiratory diseases].		1981	6810738
isolation of legionella pneumophila from water systems: methods and preliminary results.	a preliminary survey of water systems in hospitals and hotels showed that legionella pneumophila may be found in water storage and distribution systems as well as in the recirculating cooling water of air-conditioning plants. altogether 42 isolates of l pneumophila were made from 31 establishments, six of which were associated with cases of legionnaires' disease but in 25 of which there was no known association with disease. in the six establishments implicated epidemiologically as the source of ...	1981	6780104
legionnaires' disease: further evidence to implicate water storage and distribution systems as sources.		1981	6780130
legionella pneumophila and water systems.		1981	6781689
detection of legionella pneumophila capsular-like envelope antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis.	the capsular-like envelope of legionella pneumophila strains togus 1 (serotype 2) and philadelphia 1 (serotype 1) was isolated and purified by column chromatography on sepharose 6b. antibody raised in rabbits to these two antigenic materials did not cross-react in gel diffusion. upon electrophoresis followed by gel diffusion, the majority of both envelope materials was found to migrate towards the cathode. a minor antigenic component of each envelope only migrated slightly towards the anode. usi ...	1981	6785310
metal requirements of legionella pneumophila.	serial passage of six strains of legionella pneumophila and one strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa in a liquid chemically defined medium deficient in trace metals resulted in the death of five l. pneumophila strains and very limited growth in the remaining strain and the p. aeruginosa strain. addition of either iron or magnesium restored growth to almost normal levels in all of the strains when early-passage inocula were used. a low concentration of magnesium stimulated growth with cobalt, copper, ...	1981	6785311
postoperative legionella pneumonia diagnosed by percutaneous lung aspiration.		1981	6786573
distribution of legionella pneumophilia antibody among primate species.	sera representing 16 different primate species were surveyed by indirect immunofluorescence for evidence of antibody to legionella pneumophila. the presence of antibody in old and new world monkeys and in apes supports previous observations of the ubiquity of legionella pneumophila.	1981	6787070
fatty acid composition of rickettsiae.	the fatty acid compositions of selected strains of rickettsiae were studied by gas-liquid chromatography. the profiles of all the rickettsiae except coxiella burnetii were qualitatively similar. the fatty acid composition of c. burnetii was similar to that of certain legionella species.	1981	6787071
isolation of legionella pneumophila (serogroup one) from shower-water in ballarat.	five non-fatal cases of legionnaires' disease occurred during 1979 and 1980 among patients living in ballarat. the distribution of the dates of onset was sporadic, and no patient could be considered to have been at risk from faulty air-conditioning equipment; however, two of these patients, both female, had been resident, on separate occasions, in the reception ward of a long-stay institution during the incubation period of their illnesses. a fourfold rise in antibodies to the philadelphia strai ...	1981	6787397
influence of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) on survival of legionella pneumophila in aerosols.	the fluid in which blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) (fischerella sp.) had been grown (algal extract) was investigated for its effect on aerosols of legionella pneumophila. the bacteria were significantly more stable when suspended in algal extract than in the tryptose-saline solution employed in previously reported experiments. the stabilizing property of the extract disappeared after dialysis, suggesting that a relatively small molecule was involved. the relationship of this observation to the ...	1981	6788701
a novel peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (pal) found in the outer membrane of proteus mirabilis and other gram-negative bacteria.	a novel peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (pal) was found in the cell envelope of proteus mirabilis. this protein showed the following properties: (1) the apparent molecular weight in sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) polyacrylamide gel was 18,000. (2) the protein was present in the cell envelope in a form very closely, but not covalently, associated with the peptidoglycan layer. (3) the protein was recovered predominantly from the outer membrane fraction after separation of the cell envelopes. (4 ...	1981	6788752
evaluation of an indirect hemagglutination test for legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 4.	parallel testing of 895 sera by indirect hemagglutination and indirect fluorescent-antibody techniques showed 97.3% agreement. although the indirect hemagglutination technique usually showed more cross-reactivity among serogroups than the indirect fluorescent-antibody technique with formalin-fixed antigens and a conjugate which detected primarily immunoglobulin g antibodies, heterologous serogroup reactions were significantly lower than homologous serogroup titers and the etiological serogroup c ...	1981	6788796
seroreactivity to mycoplasma pneumoniae and legionella pneumophila: lack of a statistically significant relationship.	we reviewed antibody titers to mycoplasma pneumoniae and legionella pneumophila serogroup i in sera from 1,060 cases of acute respiratory infection to determine whether there was an association in seroreactivity to these organisms. of the 170 serum pairs with antibodies to l. pneumophila (35 seroconversions and 135 with presumptive titers), 32 (18.8%) demonstrated seroreactivity to m. pneumoniae (17 seroconversions and 15 with presumptive titers). this frequency was not significantly greater tha ...	1981	6788797
follow-up on legionellosis--italy.		1981	6789078
dihydroxy and monohydroxy fatty acids in legionella pneumophila.	five strains of legionella pneumophila were examined for the presence of hydroxy fatty acid. the cellular distribution of the fatty acids was also determined, as was the variation of hydroxy acid production on five growth media. the strains tested all produced approximately 5 mol% of hydroxy fatty acid, most of which was found in the nonextractable, alkali-stable, acid-labile (wall-associated, amide-linked) fraction. three major hydroxy acids were found, along with several minor components. the ...	1981	6790514
[the first case of legionnaires' disease in japan (author's transl)].		1981	6790634
[epidemiology and diagnosis of legionella infections in austria (author's transl)].	out of 2,105 patients with atypical pneumonia and febrile infections 15 cases of legionellosis were diagnosed by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (ifa) in austria from the middle of 1977 to the end of 1979. among the patients with the diagnosis of atypical pneumonia legionnaires' disease was found in 0.65%. among those patients whose sera were examined because of suspected legionella infection the frequency was 1.96% (p less than 0.1). therefore it may assumed that some symptoms of l ...	1981	6791407
immunological and biochemical relationships among flagella isolated from legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 2, and 3.	flagella were isolated from virulent legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 2, and 3. antiserum made against purified serogroups 1 flagellin agglutinated live, flagellated serogroups 1, 2, and 3 but not heat-killed or nonflagellated bacteria. a single line of identity was seen in immunodiffusion slides between the flagella isolated from the three serogroups and antibody to flagellin isolated from serogroups 1, 2, and 3. indirect immunoperoxidase staining showed that antibody to flagellin isolated ...	1981	6792082
pittsburgh pneumonia agent and legionellosis in nottingham.		1981	6797519
[isolation of legionella pneumophila from cooling tower (author's transl)].		1981	6798144
[legionella pneumophila. general microbiological data].		1981	6173911
pediatric legionnaires' disease: diagnosis by direct immunofluorescent staining of sputum.	legionnaires' disease occurred in a 3-year-old boy with down's syndrome. his illness was characterized by bilateral pneumonia, high fever, and response to erythromycin. the diagnosis was made by demonstrating legionella pneumophila, serogroup 1, in sputum with a direct fluorescent antibody stain. l pneumophila antigen was detected in urine by an enzyme-linked immunospecific assay. the diagnosis was confirmed by a more than fourfold rise in serum antibody titer. although legionnaires' disease app ...	1981	6459562
infection in the renal transplant recipient.	the incidence of infection in the renal transplant patient is directly related to the net immunosuppressive effect achieved and the duration of time over which this therapy is administered. a second major factor in the causation of infections in this population is the nosocomial hazards to which these patients are exposed, ranging from invasive instrumentation to environmental contamination with aspergillus species, legionella pneumophila, pseudomonas aeruginosa and other microbial pathogens. ca ...	1981	6258432
opportunistic lung infections in renal transplant patients: a comparison of pittsburgh pneumonia agent and legionnaires' disease.	from july 1977 to january 1980, 5 cases of pneumonia owing to pittsburgh pneumonia agent and 4 cases owing to legionella pneumophila occurred in our renal transplant population. comparison of the clinical manifestations, laboratory features an radiographic changes demonstrated no unique characteristics that allowed differentiation from other bacterial pneumonias. diagnosis in all cases required histologic or serologic identification of the infecting organism. we herein present our protocol for e ...	1981	6259377