| isolation of legionella anisa from a hospital hot water system. | several cases of legionnaires' disease occurred in a french hospital in 1982. thirteen strains of a legionella-like organism with several unusual characteristics were subsequently isolated from the hospital hot water system. the various features of these strains show that they are identical to the new species 'legionella anisa' described by the centers for disease control. the possible pathogenicity of these strains to man and their relationship with the recently described legionella bozemanii s ... | 1985 | 3894018 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis and epidemiologic studies of legionellosis. | the routine use of monoclonal antibodies against l. pneumophila and other legionellaceae has not yet reached the clinical microbiology laboratory. most of these antibodies are still under evaluation and are not available commercially. however, it is obvious that some of them will be available in the next few years. because of the numerous subtypes and serogroups of l. pneumophila already identified, extreme caution must be used before they are adopted routinely by a given laboratory. testing aga ... | 1985 | 3899482 |
| serological studies on patients with suspected legionellosis in new zealand. | specimens from 490 patients with suspected legionellosis from many parts of new zealand were studied. most of these were sera, but 36 specimens including material from lungs, pleural fluid and sputa were also examined. the sera were tested for the presence of antibodies to legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6 and legionella micdadei. serological evidence of legionellosis was found in 49 patients. antibodies to l. pneumophila serogroup 6 predominated, while those to l. micdadei and l. pneumop ... | 1985 | 3899943 |
| clinical utility of a monoclonal direct fluorescent reagent specific for legionella pneumophila: comparative study with other reagents. | twenty-four lower respiratory tract samples taken from patients with culture-confirmed legionella pneumophila infection were examined with three different direct immunofluorescent antisera to l. pneumophila, as were 29 samples from similar sources taken from patients without legionnaires disease. the reagents studied were genetic systems corp. (gs) monoclonal l. pneumophila conjugate, which reacts with all known serogroups of l. pneumophila, biodx polyvalent l. pneumophila serogroups 1 through 6 ... | 1985 | 3900129 |
| environmental legionella. | | 1985 | 3904972 |
| second serogroup of legionella feeleii strains isolated from humans. | three strains of legionella feeleii from patients with pneumonia (425-mi-h, 691-wi-h, and 693-wi-h) and one environmental strain (713-mi-e) received at the centers for disease control for reference diagnostic testing were compared with the type strain wo-44c-c3 (atcc 35072) by dna hybridization, chemical analysis of cellular fatty acids and ubiquinones, biochemical tests, and serological characteristics. all four isolates were assigned to the l. feeleii species on the basis of dna hybridization ... | 1985 | 3894411 |
| legionella lung abscess after renal transplantation. | although legionella infections have been widely reported, the clinical importance of legionella lung abscess has not been sufficiently emphasised. a renal transplant recipient with a pulmonary abscess due to legionella pneumophila is presented and 21 other cases from the literature are reviewed. seven abscesses arose in renal transplant patients. even though an abscess may develop during treatment, superimposed infection with other micro-organisms appears to be uncommon, and an abscess may be ex ... | 1985 | 3897388 |
| [legionella pneumophila infection]. | | 1985 | 3897662 |
| treatment of legionella lung abscess in a renal transplant recipient with erythromycin and fusidic acid. | | 1985 | 3905401 |
| endotoxicity of newly recognized gram negative organism: a collective review. | a comprehensive picture of the in part personal investigations concerning an endotoxin-like activity associated with some recently recognized gram negative significant pathogens has been drawn. suspensions of heat-killed organisms (or endotoxic lipopolysaccharide when available) have been tested using as markers of endotoxicity the limulus assay and the skin shwartzman reaction in rabbit. some general considerations are finally set forth on the possible role of the surface structures in mediatin ... | 1985 | 3907664 |
| membrane proteins of legionellaceae. ii. serogroup- and species-specific antigens in the outer membrane of legionella pneumophila. | antigens of the outer membrane of legionella pneumophila were investigated by means of the immunoblotting-technique using rabbit antisera against three different formaldehyde-inactivated strains, and one heat-inactivated strain of l. pneumophila serogroup 1. nitrocellulose blots were prepared from membrane fractions extracted with sodium-n-lauryl-sarcosinate from 14 strains of l. pneumophila (eight strains of serogroup 1, and one strain each of serogroups 2-7) and 12 strains of gram-negative rod ... | 1985 | 3909698 |
| vaccines against mycobacteria and other intracellular multiplying bacteria. | as the prototype of a vaccine against mycobacterial infection, the bcg (bacille bilié calmette et guérin) has been used against tuberculosis for more than 60 years. it is the only live attenuated vaccine used on humans in more than 182 countries or territories in the world, and very few changes have been made in its fabrication and distribution, except for the production of lyophilized seed-lots. however, its history is marked with controversies concerning its innocuity and efficacy. while bcg s ... | 1985 | 3909929 |
| [legionella pneumophila pneumonia masked by simultaneous demonstration of further non-specific pneumonia pathogens]. | we are presenting a case of legionella type i pneumonia, accidentally diagnosed by selective culture with simultaneous identification of pneumococci, meningococci and hemophilus influenzae in the general sputum culture. a 35-year-old patient had been hospitalized with the typical signs of legionnaires' disease (severe pneumonia with symptoms of cardiac, hepatic, renal, and cerebral involvement), following several days of prodromi. the routine sputum bacteriology according to dghm standards first ... | 1985 | 3905621 |
| legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 subgrouping by monoclonal antibodies--an epidemiological tool. | a panel of 10 monoclonal antibodies was used to subgroup 326 strains of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. all but two strains could be classified into three major subgroups named after their representative strains pontiac 1, olda and bellingham 1. of the 50 isolates from patients, 44 representing 32 separate incidents were of the pontiac subgroup. this subgroup was also found in 16 of 18 buildings epidemiologically associated with legionnaires' disease. in contrast, strains of the olda subgrou ... | 1985 | 3905954 |
| nosocomial legionella pneumonia in a population of head and neck cancer patients. | a prospective study of nosocomial pneumonia following major head and neck surgery was conducted when it was recognized that legionella contaminated the hospital water supply. legionella pneumonia had not previously been diagnosed in our hospital. every head and neck patient with nosocomial pneumonia had specialized tests performed. during the 18-month study period, 29% of patients with nosocomial pneumonia (7 of 27) had evidence of legionellosis. the sero-group of the infecting legionella was th ... | 1985 | 3906325 |
| [detection of urinary legionella antigen by radioimmunoassay. 1. method and basic studies]. | | 1985 | 3923131 |
| [detection of urinary legionella antigen by radioimmunoassay. 2. a clinical case]. | | 1985 | 3923137 |
| non-specific protection against pulmonary legionella pneumophila infection in guinea-pigs immunized and challenged with mycobacteria. | experiments were designed to test the ability of the non-specific efferent limb of cell mediated immunity (cmi) to protect guinea-pigs against a lethal l. pneumophila challenge. a secondary cmi response was generated in the lungs of guinea-pigs using an established protocol which consisted of intraperitoneal infection with mycobacterium bovis bcg followed by intravenous infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra. the animals were challenged with l. pneumophila (100 ld50) by the aerosol rout ... | 1985 | 3924087 |
| experience with 5 cases of legionnaires' disease at the department of transplantation surgery, huddinge hospital, stockholm, sweden. | | 1985 | 3914064 |
| upper limit of normal titer for legionella pneumophila group 1 by indirect immunofluorescence and microagglutination tests in healthy population in italy. | the background prevalence of antibody to legionella pneumophila group 1 in two groups of healthy population of the areas of milano and roma, italy, was determined by testing single serum specimens from 530 blood donors by indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) test and by microagglutination (ma). the upper limit of normal (uln) titer was found to be 16 by ifa and 8 by ma. there was little difference in the prevalence of titers in the two geographic regions. of the 486 subjects from whom data were ava ... | 1985 | 3913451 |
| [bacteriological and hygienic aspects of a drinking and bathing water study]. | | 1985 | 3929376 |
| a dialysis patient with headache and fever. | | 1985 | 3932401 |
| [isolation of legionella pneumophila from cooling tower in china]. | | 1985 | 3937869 |
| [oligodynamic action of 17 different metals on bacillus subtilis, enterobacteriaceae, legionellaceae, micrococcaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa]. | the oligodynamic action of the pure metals aluminium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, copper, gold, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, platinum, silver, tin, titanium, and zinc on bacillus subtilis (1 strain), enterobacteriaceae (26 strains), legionellaceae (13 strains), micrococcaceae (6 strains), and pseudomonas aeruginosa (4 strains) was investigated using an agar diffusion test. b. subtilis and legionellaceae exhibited the highest susceptibility. the apathogenic micrococci and staph ... | 1985 | 3939057 |
| distribution and persistence of legionella in water systems. | the legionellaceae are common aquatic organisms able to colonize man-made water systems. inadequately maintained or seldom used systems provide ideal amplification sites, where the organisms grow and can be disseminated in aerosols. legionellaceae can utilize, for growth, compounds leached from construction materials and the products of other organisms. | 1985 | 3939994 |
| treatment of alveolar macrophages with cytochalasin d inhibits uptake and subsequent growth of legionella pneumophila. | legionella pneumophila multiplied rapidly in guinea pig and rat alveolar macrophages but failed to grow when phagocytic activity was inhibited by pretreatment with 0.5 or 1.0 microgram of cytochalasin d per ml. attachment was not inhibited by cytochalasin d. no extracellular multiplication occurred when l. pneumophila were in close proximity to viable functional macrophages or even when the bacteria were attached to plasma membranes of the macrophages. nonopsonized l. pneumophila were avidly pha ... | 1986 | 3941000 |
| erythromycin prophylaxis for legionnaire's disease in immunosuppressed patients in a contaminated hospital environment. | between january 1 and june 30, 1983, immunosuppressive drugs were administered in 20 renal transplant recipients undergoing 23 rejection episodes and in 3 patients with renal failure secondary to systemic disease. legionella pneumophila, serogroup 1, pneumonia was diagnosed on 12/26 (47%) occasions. in an attempt to decrease this high rate, a program of erythromycin prophylaxis was instituted for every new patient who received immunosuppressive chemotherapy until eradication of the organism from ... | 1986 | 3942015 |
| the persistence of legionella pneumophila in non-sterile, sterile and artificial hard waters and their growth pattern on tap washer fittings. | simultaneous experiments were performed with sterilized and non-sterile water and an artificial hard water. after seeding with an environmental isolate of legionella pneumophila numbers in the sterile and hard water decreased rapidly and colonization of various tap washer fittings failed to take place. adhesion and growth of an environmental isolate of l. pneumophila to washers in non-sterile tap water was followed over a 4-month period with fluorescein-labelled antibody and by scanning electron ... | 1985 | 3913660 |
| legionnaire disease complicating pregnancy. | although pneumonia complicating pregnancy remains an unusual occurrence, it can have serious consequences for both the mother and fetus. although streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common bacterial pathogen, recent epidemics have emphasized the importance of considering legionella pneumophila as the etiologic agent. presented is the first case of legionnaires disease to be diagnosed during pregnancy. | 1986 | 3945460 |
| legionnaires' disease: the distance travelled since philadelphia. | | 1986 | 3945571 |
| [prevalence of antibodies to legionella pneumophila in healthy adults and hospitalized patients with respiratory diseases in okayama prefecture]. | | 1985 | 3926910 |
| [studies on the pathogenicity of legionella pneumophila after aerosol exposure in animal models with special reference to production of an experimental pneumonia]. | | 1985 | 3926908 |
| the effect of charcoal on mics for legionella. | | 1986 | 3949637 |
| the relationship between the serogroup antigen and lipopolysaccharide of legionella pneumophila. | serogroup-specific antigen was extracted from a number of legionella pneumophila strains and compared with phenol-water extracted lipopolysaccharide on the basis of gel filtration, chemical analysis, sds-page and reaction with serogroup-specific antibody in immunoblots. serogroup specificity is apparently borne by the o side-chains of the lipopolysaccharide, which, although smooth in type, partitions in the phenol phase. for four serogroup 1 strains tested, there was no qualitative correlation b ... | 1986 | 3950395 |
| bactericidal effect of lactoferrin on legionella pneumophila. | lactoferrin, an iron-binding protein found in mucosal secretions and in specific granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, has been shown to be bactericidal for a variety of organisms. in this study, the effect of lactoferrin on legionella pneumophila was investigated. purified human apolactoferrin was bactericidal for the knoxville 1 strain (serogroup 1), with a 4-log decrease in viability within 2 h at 37 degrees c. killing was dependent on the iron-free state since iron-saturated lactoferrin ... | 1986 | 3943891 |
| susceptibility of lsh hamsters to intraperitoneal inoculation with legionella pneumophila. | the guinea pig is the most widely used animal model in the study of legionellosis. the hamster should also be considered, since it acquires virtually no spontaneous epidemic lung infection, possesses similar cellular immune components observed in other mammals, has a normal body temperature identical to that of man, and is readily available for laboratory investigation. we studied the pathologic findings of four 12 week old inbred london school of hygiene (lsh) hamsters inoculated intraperitonea ... | 1986 | 3947031 |
| comparison of media for recovery of legionella pneumophila. | | 1986 | 3946314 |
| comparison of cross-staining reactions by pseudomonas spp. and fluorescein-labeled polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies directed against legionella pneumophila. | commercially prepared polyclonal antisera to legionella pneumophila are known to cross-react with organisms of the genus pseudomonas. to determine whether a commercially available monoclonal antibody reagent specific for l. pneumophila would also cross-react with pseudomonads, a two-laboratory study was undertaken to test both monoclonal and polyclonal reagents against 33 isolates of pseudomonas spp., including 25 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 4 p. putida, 2 p. maltophilia, 1 p. fluorescens, and 1 p. ... | 1986 | 3958153 |
| [intracellular effects of josamycin]. | josamycin (wilprafen) is accumulated in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes and monocytes (macrophages) by a factor of 12-20fold, in comparison with extracellular fluid. the uptake of the antibiotic by lymphocytes and erythrocytes is much less than with the two types of phagocytic cells. the distribution of 14c-josamycin was measured after lysing the polymorphonuclear leucocytes and the results confirmed that the antibiotic penetrates through the cell membrane and accumulates in the cytoplasm. th ... | 1986 | 3954814 |
| isolation of protozoa from water associated with a legionellosis outbreak and demonstration of intracellular multiplication of legionella pneumophila. | at the site of a legionellosis outbreak, amoebae and two ciliates, tetrahymena sp. and cyclidium sp., were isolated from cooling-tower water containing legionella pneumophila. the tetrahymena sp. and the amoebae repeatedly showed the ability to support intracellular multiplication of l. pneumophila. both were isolated from cooling towers specifically implicated as the source for the spread of legionellosis. these protozoa may be reservoirs supporting the survival and multiplication of virulent l ... | 1986 | 3954351 |
| legionella and domestic water heaters in the quebec city area. | | 1985 | 3965070 |
| identification of protein antigens of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. | growth of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in yeast extract broth was standardized, and protein profiles of detergent-solubilized cells were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. over 30 protein bands were identified, 6 of which were more prominent both in coomassie brilliant blue-stained profiles and in fluorograms with intrinsically radiolabeled bacteria. these major proteins were 22,000 dalton (22k), 24k, 43k, 63k, 76k, and 78k. we found that the 24k and 6 ... | 1985 | 3965411 |
| effect of prior influenza virus infections on susceptibility of akr/j mice to respiratory challenge with legionella pneumophila. | influenza virus administered intranasally to akr/j mice, followed 3 days later by legionella pneumophila inoculated intranasally, caused significantly greater mortality than did either of the two agents administered alone. viable concentrations of both bacteria and viruses dropped in sequentially infected animals, despite the ultimate fatal outcome. viral concentrations, however, did not decrease as rapidly in sequentially infected as in singly infected mice. histopathologic lesions were consist ... | 1985 | 3968461 |
| potable water as a source of legionnaires' disease. | a three-year epidemic of legionnaires' disease in a hospital was dramatically curtailed following hyperchlorination of the potable water supply. the hypothesis that potable water was the source for the outbreak was further supported by isolation of legionella pneumophila (the agent of legionnaires' disease) from the hospital water supply, observation that a sudden upsurge had occurred in the number of cases following a peculiar manipulation of the hospital water system, and documentation of a 30 ... | 1985 | 3968771 |
| an outbreak of pontiac fever related to whirlpool use, michigan 1982. | fourteen of 23 female members of a church group experienced an acute self-limited illness characterized by chills, fever, chest pain, cough, and nausea, consistent with the diagnosis of pontiac fever. all 14 affected women had used a whirlpool located in the women's locker room during a racquetball party. legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 was isolated from the women's whirlpool. nine of 14 cases showed a seroconversion to heat-fixed antigen prepared from the l pneumophila serogroup 6 isolate. a ... | 1985 | 3968786 |
| determination of the activity on legionella of eight macrolides and related agents by comparative testing on three media. | it has proved difficult to develop a standard method for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of antibiotics against the legionellaceae. a major obstacle has been the inactivation of certain antibiotics by components of charcoal yeast extract agar, especially charcoal. to determine the mics of eight macrolides and related agents (erythromycin, spiramycin, oleandomycin, josamycin, midecamycin, lincomycin, clindamycin and pristinamycin) for 36 strains of legionella, we use ... | 1985 | 3972756 |
| erythromycin: a microbial and clinical perspective after 30 years of clinical use (1). | erythromycin is a macrolide that acts by inhibiting the translocation reaction during protein synthesis. erythromycin is inactive against the enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa except under alkaline conditions. erythromycin is active against most gram-positive bacteria; some gram-negative bacteria, including neisseria, bordetella, brucella, campylobacter, and legionella; and treponema, chlamydia, and mycoplasma. the emergence of resistance to erythromycin is closely associated with it ... | 1985 | 3974301 |
| ecology of legionella pneumophila within water distribution systems. | the reservoir for hospital-acquired legionnaires disease has been shown to be the potable water distribution system. we investigated the influence of the natural microbial population and sediment (scale and organic particulates) found in water systems as growth-promoting factors for legionella pneumophila. our in vitro experiments showed that: (i) water from hot-water storage tank readily supported the survival of l. pneumophila, (ii) the concentration of sediment was directly related to the sur ... | 1985 | 3977311 |
| indications for and diagnostic efficacy of open-lung biopsy in the patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | pulmonary infiltrates in the patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) may be associated with a spectrum of unusual neoplastic and infectious process. transbronchial biopsy frequently reveals the cause of these infiltrates; however, when transbronchial biopsy is nondiagnostic or contraindicated, or if the patient fails to improve after a diagnostic transbronchial biopsy, further investigation is warranted to direct appropriate therapy. efficacy of 23 open-lung biopsies in 19 aids pa ... | 1986 | 3954503 |
| [incidence of legionella pneumonia in autopsy findings at a large hospital--retrospective studies of the year 1978]. | | 1986 | 3960823 |
| colonization of components of a model hot water system by legionella pneumophila. | a model hot water distribution network was seeded with a virulent strain of legionella pneumophila serotype 1. ten weeks after inoculation, components of the system, which include aluminium discs, copper, stainless steel, silicone tubing, rubber and glass beads, were examined for colonization by l. pneumophila. the samples were stained with fluorescein-labelled antibodies to the strain and were examined with scanning electron microscopy. colonization, which was accompanied by copious quantities ... | 1985 | 3980300 |
| pseudomonas mesophilica infections in humans. | reported here is the case of a patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung who had bacteremia involving pseudomonas mesophilica. of the common laboratory media tested at 35 degrees c, buffered charcoal yeast extract agar and nutrient agar provided the best growth; however, other media supported growth at lower temperatures. since blood cultures are routinely subcultured onto chocolate agar and then incubated at 35 degrees c, awareness of the characteristics of p. mesophilica and of the is ... | 1985 | 3980687 |
| dna probe specific for legionella pneumophila. | a procedure for preparing a dna probe to be used in the specific detection of legionella pneumophila by dot or colony hybridization has been devised. when total dna from l. pneumophila was used as a radioactive probe, cross-hybridization occurred with dna from many other species belonging to various families (including legionellaceae, enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonadaceae, and vibrionaceae). cross-hybridizing restriction fragments in l. pneumophila atcc 33152 dna were identified on southern blots ... | 1985 | 3980693 |
| legionella oakridgensis: laboratory diagnosis of a human infection. | we report the laboratory diagnosis of a case of pneumonia caused by legionella oakridgensis. l. oakridgensis, originally isolated from industrial cooling towers, has not previously been associated with human disease. | 1985 | 3980699 |
| nosocomial legionellosis, paris, france. evidence for transmission by potable water. | during a five-week period in 1981, six cases of legionellosis due to legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 were recognized in a hospital in paris, france. four cases were clearly nosocomial in origin. there was a direct association between development of disease and exposure to potable hot water (p = 0.003). the entire hot water system was contaminated with l. pneumophila serogroup 1; monoclonal antibody testing demonstrated that the case isolate and the potable water isolates belonged to the same ... | 1985 | 3985035 |
| isolation and preliminary characterization of erythromycin-resistant variants of legionella micdadei and legionella pneumophila. | erythromycin-resistant legionella spp. variants were obtained by a single passage of the naturally occurring bacteria on medium containing various concentrations of erythromycin. by disk diffusion susceptibility testing, at least three different phenotypic patterns of cross-resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin b antibiotics were observed among the 26 erythromycin-resistant strains examined. | 1985 | 3985605 |
| legionella anisa: a new species of legionella isolated from potable waters and a cooling tower. | between march 1980 and june 1981, five strains of legionella-like organisms were isolated from water. four were recovered from potable water collected from hospitals in chicago, ill., and los angeles, calif., during outbreaks of nosocomial legionellosis. the fifth strain was isolated from water collected from an industrial cooling tower in jamestown, n.y. the strains exhibited biochemical reactions typical of legionella species and were gram-negative motile rods which grew on buffered charcoal-y ... | 1985 | 3985609 |
| serum antibodies to legionella agents in bronchial asthma. | the prevalence of seropositivity to legionella species was studied in 184 children with bronchial asthma and 80 control children, age and sex matched, without respiratory tract infections. the sera were examined by indirect immunofluorescence with antigens of six legionella species. the asthmatic children showed a significantly high percentage of seroreactions to l pneumophila compared with the control children. in the asthmatic children, no association was found between age, sex, onset of asthm ... | 1985 | 3985654 |
| legionnaires' disease associated with rash and renal failure. | legionnaires' disease is recognized as a multisystemic illness. afflicted patients may have pulmonary, gastrointestinal tract, and central nervous system complications. however, dermal involvement is not well documented and renal insufficiency is uncommon and usually of mild severity. we report two consecutive cases of proven legionella infection that were unusual in that a macular rash and profound renal failure requiring hemodialysis were noted. skin biopsy specimens of the rash and autopsy fi ... | 1985 | 3985734 |
| a new biotype of legionella dumoffii. | a new biotype of l. dumoffii was isolated from lung and sputum samples of an immunosuppressed patient with pneumonia. this strain differs from other described strains of l. dumoffii in that it fails to produce browning of tyrosine-containing buffered yeast extract medium. | 1985 | 3988905 |
| [another route of transmission in a legionella pneumophila hospital infection]. | | 1986 | 3960189 |
| opsonization of legionella pneumophila in human serum: key roles for specific antibodies and the classical complement pathway. | legionella pneumophila has previously been shown to require serum factors for efficient uptake by phagocytic cells. in this investigation, the roles of specific antibody and complement in phagocytosis of l. pneumophila by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmn) and tissue macrophages were determined. opsonization was assessed by quantitating the uptake of [3h]-labelled legionellae. compared to other gram-negative and to gram-positive bacterial species, l. pneumophila was highly resistant to the ... | 1985 | 3980045 |
| uptake, accumulation, and egress of erythromycin by tissue culture cells of human origin. | the ability of erythromycin a base to penetrate and accumulate in tissue culture cells of human origin was investigated. the antibiotic was highly concentrated by early passage cells of normal bronchus, kidney, liver, lung, and skin and by cancer cells derived from breast, liver, and lung. intracellular levels 4 to 12 times that of the extracellular milieu were obtained in both early-passage and transformed cells. the total quantity of erythromycin accumulated depended on the extracellular conce ... | 1985 | 3994346 |
| legionella pneumophila pericarditis without pneumonia. | to our knowledge, legionella pericarditis has been reported only four times in the literature and only once without pneumonia. we report the second case of nonpneumonic legionella pericarditis in a man who eventually required pericardiectomy for constriction. since legionella endocarditis, myocarditis, and pericarditis have all been documented by culture or direct fluorescent antibody staining, it is important to be aware of the possibility of cardiac legionellosis. | 1985 | 3994470 |
| disulfide-bonded outer membrane proteins in the genus legionella. | legionella pneumophila and related species were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for outer membrane proteins. of the 10 species examined, 9 contained a 24-kilodalton (kda) major outer membrane protein (momp) that was resolvable only when outer membrane material was heated in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. labeling studies with [35s]cysteine indicated that the protein contained cysteine, and disulfide cross-linking of the unreduced complex was demonstrated ... | 1985 | 3980079 |
| difference in virulence of environmental isolates of legionella pneumophila. | endemic nosocomial legionnaires disease has occurred at our medical center for several years. two subtypes of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (uh-1 and rh-1) have been isolated in approximately equal numbers from hospital potable water. however, almost all clinical isolates have been uh-1. to assess potential differences in virulence, 50% lethal doses (ld50) and 50% infective doses (id50) of uh-1 and rh-1 were determined by intraperitoneal infection in guinea pigs. the uh-1 ld50 was 7.41 x 10 ... | 1985 | 3998095 |
| identification of 22 legionella species and 33 serogroups with the slide agglutination test. | we used the slide agglutination test to determine the serologic relationships of 22 legionella spp. representing 33 serogroups. antisera prepared against 14 of the legionella spp. contained cross-reactive antibodies (1+ or greater) at their working dilutions. numerous cross-reactions were observed for the blue-white fluorescing legionella spp. with only three exceptions in the latter group, cross-reactive antibodies were removed by absorption, thereby producing serogroup-specific antisera. for s ... | 1985 | 3998110 |
| subtypes of legionella pneumophila defined by monoclonal antibodies. | | 1985 | 3989331 |
| photoreactivation of uv-irradiated legionella pneumophila and other legionella species. | shortwave uv light was assessed as a feasible modality for the control of legionnaires disease bacterium in water. the results of this study show that legionella pneumophila and six other legionella species are very sensitive to low doses of uv. however, all legionella species tested effectively countered the germicidal effect of uv when subsequently exposed to photoreactiving light. | 1985 | 4004227 |
| effect of temperature, ph, and oxygen level on the multiplication of naturally occurring legionella pneumophila in potable water. | a water culture containing naturally occurring legionella pneumophila and associated microbiota was maintained in the laboratory by serially transferring the culture in tap water which had been sterilized by membrane filtration. successful maintenance of the water culture depended upon transferring the culture when the growth of l. pneumophila was in the late-exponential to early-stationary phase. the water culture was used as a source of naturally occurring bacteria to determine some of the par ... | 1985 | 4004233 |
| effect of non-legionellaceae bacteria on the multiplication of legionella pneumophila in potable water. | a naturally occurring suspension of legionella pneumophila and associated microbiota contained three unidentified non-legionellaceae bacteria which supported satellite growth of a subculture of l. pneumophila on an l-cysteine-deficient medium and another bacterium which did not support growth of the subculture. washed suspensions containing 10(3), 10(5), 10(7), or 10(8) cfu of a mixture of isolates of these non-legionellaceae bacteria failed to support the multiplication of an isolate of agar-gr ... | 1985 | 4004234 |
| fatal legionnaires' disease coincident with initiation of immunosuppressive therapy. | a fatal relapse of legionnaires' disease occurred coincidental with the initiation of chemotherapy in a patient who had received previous parenteral erythromycin gluceptate therapy for 30 days. sputum examinations utilizing the direct fluorescent antibody test for legionella pneumophila suggested persistence of infection during the course of antibiotic therapy. this case suggests that administration of immunosuppressive agents should be delayed in patients whose sputum is positive on direct fluo ... | 1985 | 4004442 |
| bronchiolitis obliterans caused by legionella pneumophila. | a diabetic patient presented with symptoms and laboratory findings compatible with atypical pneumonia. despite appropriate antibiotic therapy, his dyspnea, arterial oxygenation, and chest roentgenographic findings worsened. because the patient had a history of homosexual contact, an open lung biopsy was obtained to morphologically define the tissue reaction and to search for a specific etiology. histologic examination showed bronchiolitis obliterans but did not demonstrate a cause. legionnaires' ... | 1985 | 3996079 |
| a note on legionellas in whirlpools. | water samples from 52 whirlpools (jacuzzi), water temperature 35-40 degrees c, and from 50 swimming pools, water temperature 8-30 degrees c, were investigated for the presence of legionella pneumophila. this was isolated from 11 of 28 whirlpools with free available chlorine less than 0.3 mg/l. no legionellas were detected in 23 whirlpools with free available chlorine over 0.3 mg/l. legionella pneumophila was found in two swimming pools. the results indicate that 0.3 mg/l of free available chlori ... | 1985 | 4008372 |
| prevalence and significance of legionella pneumophila contamination of residential hot-tap water systems. | a culture survey of hot-tap water systems in 95 apartments and houses in one area of chicago showed that 30 (32%) were contaminated by legionella pneumophila, ranging in concentration from 1 to 10(4) organisms/liter. culture-positive and -negative systems differed significantly only in hot-tap water temperature (p less than .005), which was less than 60 c for all positive specimens. a questionnaire and serosurvey of a subject at each residence showed no cases of pneumonia while he or she lived i ... | 1985 | 4008985 |
| morphological response and growth characteristics of legionella pneumophila exposed to ampicillin and erythromycin. | the morphological response of two strains of legionella pneumophila to ampicillin 10 micrograms/ml and erythromycin 10 micrograms/ml in vitro was studied by electronmicroscopy, mic estimations and viable counts. in the presence of ampicillin, discrete lesions appeared in the bacterial cell walls through which cytoplasmic contents extruded and lysis occurred. a few spheroplasts, together with minicells of 0.15-micron diameter, and apparently normal cells were present after exposure to ampicillin ... | 1985 | 4009691 |
| nosocomial legionnaires' disease. epidemiologic demonstration of cooling towers as a source. | investigation of a recent outbreak of nosocomial legionnaires' disease--initially thought to be due to the documented presence of legionella pneumophila in the hospital potable water--showed that aerosols from one or more cooling towers were the actual source of infection. from june 27 to aug 25, 1983, nosocomial legionnaires' disease developed in 15 persons at a hospital in rhode island. twelve (80%) of 15 case-patients occupied rooms in building 1, unit b, compared with eight (28%) of 29 contr ... | 1985 | 4009880 |
| adhesion, penetration and intracellular replication of legionella pneumophila: an in vitro model of pathogenesis. | legionella pneumophila attached to, penetrated and replicated within the three eukaryotic cell lines, mrc-5, hep-2 and vero. multiplication occurred rapidly in these cells for an initial 48 h after inoculation and declined thereafter. infected mrc-5 cell monolayers developed lytic-type cytopathic changes, with organisms being readily released. hep-2 cells showed a more chronic infection, with slowly developing granular changes in the monolayers, and slow release of intracellular bacteria. in ver ... | 1985 | 3989510 |
| [legionella pneumophila--a new etiological factor in pneumonia]. | | 1985 | 4013316 |
| epidemiology of community-acquired respiratory tract infections in adults. incidence, etiology, and impact. | upper respiratory tract infections are the most common types of infectious diseases among adults. it is estimated that each adult in the united states experiences two to four respiratory infections annually. the morbidity of these infections is measured by an estimated 75 million physician visits per year, almost 150 million days lost from work, and more than $10 billion in costs for medical care. serotypes of the rhinoviruses account for 20 to 30 percent of episodes of the common cold. however, ... | 1985 | 4014285 |
| emerging perspectives in management and prevention of infections of the respiratory tract in infants and children. | new products, new procedures, new information, and new legislation will have a significant impact on management and prevention of respiratory infections in children. current areas of investigation include the changing epidemiology (increased number of children in day care), concern about morbidity of common infections (hearing impairment and effect on development of speech and language due to otitis media), and new modes of microbiologic diagnosis (antigen detection). new antimicrobial agents ha ... | 1985 | 4014286 |
| waterborne legionella bozemanii and nosocomial pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients. | from october 1983 to february 1984, five episodes of nosocomial pneumonia caused by legionella bozemanii occurred in immunosuppressed patients at a 300-bed community hospital. pulmonary infiltrates were predominantly patchy and present in multiple lobes and bilaterally; cavitation occurred in one patient. patients responded promptly and completely to treatment with erythromycin and rifampin. epidemiologic studies showed that all patients had been continuously or recently hospitalized at the same ... | 1985 | 4014902 |
| tatlockia micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent) growth kinetics may explain its infrequent isolation from water and the low prevalence of pittsburgh pneumonia. | sediment and indigenous microflora taken from water distribution systems has been shown to promote the survival of legionella pneumophila. the effect of sediment and indigenous microflora on tatlockia micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent, ppa) was evaluated by growth curve experiments. symbiosis between ppa and environmental bacteria was demonstrated by satellitism experiments. unlike l. pneumophila, the concentration of ppa remained stationary in test tube suspensions containing both microflora ... | 1985 | 4015089 |
| growth of legionella pneumophila in continuous culture. | a method was developed to grow legionella pneumophila in continuous culture. a chemostat was used to simulate nutrient-limited, submaximal growth in the natural environmental and to provide a precisely controlled growth regimen. cultures grew under forced aeration under conditions yielding up to 38% saturation of dissolved oxygen; supplemental co2 (5%) at the same gas flow rates as ambient air had no effect on culture growth. pleomorphism was observed during growth under all conditions. pigment ... | 1985 | 4015091 |
| etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in patients requiring hospitalization. | the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia was studied in 127 patients with roentgenologically verified pneumonia who needed hospitalization. etiology was determined on the basis of a positive blood culture and/or a significant antibody titer increase. streptococcus pneumoniae was the probable etiological agent in 69 patients, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in five patients, streptococcus pyogenes in two patients, and legionella pneumophila and staphylococcus aureus in one patient each. ev ... | 1985 | 4018066 |
| a comparison of virulence of two strains of legionella pneumophila based on experimental aerosol infection of guinea-pigs. | two strains of legionella pneumophila (lp) serogroup i, of differing virulence, were examined in terms of numbers of viable organisms in tissues, pyrexia and mortality following aerosol infection. the corby strain was the more virulent, with pyrexia and deaths of guinea-pigs 3 to 6 days after infection. this strain multiplied very rapidly in the lungs to reach a peak of 5 x 10(11) viable organisms/lung. organisms were present in the blood, liver, spleen and kidney. the philadelphia-1 strain (nct ... | 1985 | 4020112 |
| [legionelloses in children]. | | 1985 | 4005991 |
| [legionnaires' disease among dutch tourists in a hotel in pineda de mar, spain]. | | 1985 | 4010801 |
| legionella pneumonia in chronic granulomatous disease. | | 1985 | 3998918 |
| [legionnaires' disease: 21 cases observed over 2.5 years in a parisian respiratory intensive care unit]. | the incidence of legionnaire's disease is probably underestimated in france. its clinical presentation is very suggestive, especially after the failure of a 48 hour therapeutic trial of beta-lactams, when a pneumococcal infection is initially suspected. this one sign is sufficient to orient the diagnostic survey and constitutes an indication for a therapeutic trial of macrolides for at least 72 hours. in fact, the delay in the diagnosis appears to be the determinant factor in the fatal outcome o ... | 1985 | 4023532 |
| legionella causing rhabdomyolysis and renal failure. | | 1985 | 4022852 |
| acute pancreatitis possibly caused by legionella micdadei. | a case of acute haemorrhagic, ultimately fatal, pancreatitis in a 72-year-old man is presented. no pneumonia was found. high igm-titres to legionella micdadei were demonstrated. in addition 11 patients treated for pancreatitis were studied retrospectively. none had elevated titres to l. micdadei or l. pneumophila. | 1985 | 4023637 |
| [use of elisa in detecting antibodies against l. pneumophila serogroup 1 in 195 healthy persons in tianjin]. | | 1985 | 4028147 |
| opsonic requirements for phagocytosis of legionella micdadei by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | the roles of the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation and of antibody in the phagocytosis of legionella micdadei by polymorphonuclear leukocytes were studied. normal serum was treated with the appropriate chelators or with heat to inactivate the classical, alternate, or both pathways of complement activation. normal and complement-depleted sera with or without antibody were employed as opsonins for l. micdadei in phagocytosis assays. there was no difference in the phagocyt ... | 1985 | 4030099 |
| genetic structure of populations of legionella pneumophila. | the genetic structure of populations of legionella pneumophila was defined by an analysis of electrophoretically demonstrable allelic variation at structural genes encoding 22 enzymes in 292 isolates from clinical and environmental sources. nineteen of the loci were polymorphic, and 62 distinctive electrophoretic types (ets), representing multilocus genotypes, were identified. principal coordinates and clustering analyses demonstrated that isolates received as l. pneumophila were a heterogeneous ... | 1985 | 4030689 |
| aetiology and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia. | between january 1972 and december 1981, 50 patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia were admitted to the intensive care unit of a district general hospital. a causal pathogen was identified in 41 cases (82%). streptococcus pneumoniae (16 cases), legionella pneumophila (15 cases) and staphylococcus aureus (5 cases) were the commonest. assisted ventilation was required in 44 patients, of whom 25 died (57%). all 5 patients with staphylococcal pneumonia and 12(75%) with pneumococcal pneumon ... | 1985 | 4031512 |
| failure of erythromycin/rifampicin treatment of legionella pneumonia. | | 1985 | 4031521 |
| water-related nosocomial pneumonia caused by legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 and 10. | between august 1978 and november 1983, 21 cases of pneumonia caused by legionella pneumophila occurred in the leiden university hospital, mainly among immunocompromised patients. a new serogroup of l. pneumophila, designated serogroup 10 (prototype strain leiden 1), was isolated from bronchial secretions of four patients, and five patients had serological evidence of infection with this organism. nine patients had a culture-confirmed infection with l. pneumophila serogroup 1. l. pneumophila sero ... | 1985 | 4031547 |
| [legionella pneumophila infection. studies on the host defense mechanism to aerosol challenge with l. pneumophila]. | | 1985 | 4032801 |
| a staphylococcal coagglutination test for detecting and serogrouping legionella pneumophila. | for detection of legionella pneumophila and determination of its serogroup, the modified staphylococcal coagglutination test was studied in detail. cross-reactions in serum-agglutination tests were observed among serogroups, but immunoglobulin-coated staphylococcal cells could detect l. pneumophila with high sensitivity (a cell concentration with an absorbance of 0.008 at 660 nm could be detected) and serogroups could be determined without cross-reactions. moreover the coexistence of other bacte ... | 1985 | 4033468 |