| bacteriological and serological diagnosis of community-acquired acute pneumonia, specially legionnaire's disease. multicentric prospective study of 274 hospitalized patients. | in 1982 and 1983 a prospective study was carried out involving 274 adult patients hospitalized with community-acquired acute pneumonia. the results of the bacteriological and serological diagnoses are presented here. conventional and standardized bacteriological methods were used. all the serodiagnoses of ld were carried out with the 13 antigens produced by the "centre national de référence" (l. pneumophila 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; l. micdadei; l. bozemanii, l. dumoffii, l. jordanis; l. gormanii; l. lo ... | 1987 | 3115004 |
| discovery of occult legionella pneumonia in a long stay hospital: results of prospective serological survey. | | 1987 | 3115422 |
| microbial ecology of legionella. | | 1987 | 3116104 |
| community-acquired pneumonia in adults in british hospitals in 1982-1983: a survey of aetiology, mortality, prognostic factors and outcome. the british thoracic society and the public health laboratory service. | four hundred and fifty-three adults in 25 british hospitals entered a prospective study of community-acquired pneumonia. a microbiological diagnosis was established in 67 per cent; streptococcus pneumoniae (34 per cent). mycoplasma pneumoniae (18 per cent) and influenza a virus (7 per cent) were the commonest microorganisms. our observations support the view that most of those in the microbiologically negative group (33 per cent) had s. pneumoniae infection. in addition to cultures of blood and ... | 1987 | 3116595 |
| aortic valve endocarditis associated with legionella infection after mycoplasma pneumonia. | a 38 year old woman with diabetes mellitus and bronchial asthma was admitted to hospital with pneumonia caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae; she recovered promptly on erythromycin treatment. six weeks later she presented with aortic valve endocarditis without concurrent lung disease. a concurrent increase in titres of antibody to legionella bozemanii, l longbeachae, and l jordanis indicated a legionella infection. legionella infection should be considered, even in the absence of pneumonia, in cases ... | 1987 | 3117081 |
| the simultaneous direct detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae and legionella pneumophila antigens in sputum specimens by a monoclonal antibody immunoblot assay. | an immunoblot (western) assay was developed employing a species-specific monoclonal antibody to a 43 kda mycoplasma pneumoniae membrane polypeptide and a species-specific monoclonal antibody to 29 kda legionella pneumophila outer membrane protein. this assay could simultaneously detect these two different antigens directly in sputum. the 43 kda m. pneumoniae antigen was detected by this assay in each of three m. pneumoniae culture-confirmed sputum specimens. in addition, the 29 kda l. pneumophil ... | 1987 | 3117890 |
| [multiplication and killing temperatures of naturally occurring legionellas]. | suspensions of legionellae and associated bacteria found in a hot water distribution system were maintained in the exponential phase of growth without addition of nutrients by constant agitation and oxygenation and by periodically transferring them to autoclaved tap water. the suspensions were exposed to different temperatures to determine growth and inactivation kinetics of legionellae kept under conditions similar to their natural environment. multiplication of the legionellae was found to occ ... | 1987 | 3118611 |
| fleroxacin (ro 23-6240): activity in vitro against 355 enteropathogenic and non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli and legionella pneumophila. | the antibacterial activity of fleroxacin (ro 23-6240, am-833), a new 6-fluoroquinolone, was determined against 149 strains of enteropathogenic bacteria (17 species) and 191 strains (28 species) of glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods (excluding pseudomonas aeruginosa), and against 15 strains of legionella pneumophila. the cumulative susceptibility of these groups of bacteria to ro 23-6240 at the 2 mg/l level were 99.2%, 80.1 and 100% of tested strains, respectively. | 1987 | 3119553 |
| [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for legionella pneumophila using outer membrane protein]. | | 1987 | 3119737 |
| direct detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae antigen in clinical specimens by a monoclonal antibody immunoblot assay. | throat swabs from patients with pharyngitis and sputum specimens from patients with atypical pneumonia were tested for the presence of a mycoplasma pneumoniae polypeptide with a molecular weight of 43,000 with the use of an m. pneumoniae species-specific monoclonal antibody in an immunoblot assay. this 43,000-dalton polypeptide was detectable in 33 of 33 throat swabs from patients with pharyngitis that were positive for m. pneumoniae by conventional culture as well as a culture-amplified enzyme ... | 1988 | 3122558 |
| cross-reactivity among legionella species and serogroups. | cross-reactions of 17 members of the family legionellaceae were studied by four different serological techniques: immunofluorescence (if), slide agglutination (sa), microagglutination (ma) and immunodiffusion (id), using antigens and rabbit antisera prepared in our laboratory. results obtained corresponded closely with those described by other authors, especially for if and sa. the 17 antigens were further tested by if with a panel of sera previously diagnosed as positive for legionella. a high ... | 1987 | 3123264 |
| [legionella pneumophila: seroepidemiologic studies of dentists and dental personnel in austria]. | serum samples of 107 dentists, dental assistants, and dental technicians, working in practices or out-patient clinics, were examined with an indirect immunofluorescence test for antibodies to legionella pneumophila (sg1-sg6, polyvalent). serum samples of 106 non-medical workers served as a control. thirty-six (34%) employees of the dental personnel from 13 practices showed a positive reaction, 24 of these had a weakly reactive titer of 1:32 to 1:64 and 12 a higher titer of 1:128 to 1:256. dentis ... | 1987 | 3124379 |
| [diagnosis of the first case of legionella dumoffii pneumonia associated with igg-lambda type multiple myeloma in japan]. | | 1987 | 3125286 |
| a sensitive method of detecting proteins on dot and western blots using a monoclonal antibody to fitc. | monoclonal antibodies to fitc were produced and shown to be specific for the fluorochrome. molecular weight marker proteins labelled with fitc could be detected after sds-page and transfer onto nitrocellulose using anti-fitc followed by an anti-mouse igg-alkaline phosphatase conjugate. the molecular weight of an antigen common to legionella pneumophila and recognised by a monoclonal antibody could be determined accurately on a western blot when fitc labelled markers were used as internal standar ... | 1988 | 3126242 |
| role of gamma interferon in induction of natural killer activity by legionella pneumophila in vitro and in an experimental murine infection model. | legionella pneumophila has been shown to induce gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) both in vitro and in vivo during experimental infections of mice. with complement-mediated serologic depletion of murine splenocytes, the cellular sources of ifn-gamma following in vitro stimulation with l. pneumophila antigens were thy-1.2+, lyt-2-, l3t4-, and asialo-gm1+, which is consistent with the natural killer (nk) cell phenotype. additionally, percoll density discontinuous centrifugation demonstrated that maxima ... | 1988 | 3128479 |
| ifn-gamma-activated human alveolar macrophages inhibit the intracellular multiplication of legionella pneumophila. | human alveolar macrophages activated by human rifn-gamma inhibit the intracellular multiplication of legionella pneumophila, an intracellular bacterial pathogen and the agent of legionnaires' disease. activation of alveolar macrophages with ifn-gamma is dose dependent; significant inhibition of l. pneumophila multiplication (mean 1.60 +/- 0.20 logs) is achieved consistently with concentrations of ifn-gamma of greater than or equal to 2 x 10(-2) micrograms/ml (220 u/ml). activation of alveolar ma ... | 1988 | 3131422 |
| false positive legionella pneumophila direct immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody test caused by bacillus cereus spores. | direct immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody stain testing for legionella pneumophila in oklahoma lake water yielded an unknown bacillus with fluorescence intensity equal to that of l. pneumophila stock strains. the organism in question was identified as bacillus cereus, a ubiquitous bacterium. when b. cereus cultures were studied, fluorescence was seen in spores but not in vegetative cells. since a positive immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody test (alone) might be considered by some individua ... | 1988 | 3133155 |
| comparative immune responses to native cell envelope antigens and the hot sodium dodecyl sulfate insoluble fraction (pg) of brucella abortus in cattle and mice. | brucella abortus vaccines composed of native cell envelopes or outer membrane proteins of smooth strain 2308 were compared with a vaccine (pg) composed of the insoluble residue of strain 2308 cell envelopes which had been extracted with hot sodium dodecyl sulfate. vaccines were given by injection in an oil base adjuvant containing trehalose dimycolate and muramyl dipeptide or without adjuvant. mice vaccinated with 30 micrograms native cell envelopes or pg and challenged 4 weeks later with virule ... | 1988 | 3133872 |
| experimental studies of detection and processing of legionella spp. in public drinking water supplies. | studies were conducted to improve the detection and processing of legionella spp. in public drinking water supplies. the survival of legionellas was the best in tap water samples, stored at 4 degrees c. comparing investigations showed that the most cells could be recovered from glassware whereas plastics adsorbed legionellas up to 80-90 percent on their surfaces. a method of enrichment and isolation of legionellas from large volumes of tap water samples was developed using precipitation by fe(oh ... | 1988 | 3134773 |
| occurrence and parameters of frequency of legionella in warm water systems of hospitals and hotels in lower saxony. | a total of 1241 water samples was investigated from 103 hospitals and 62 hotels in lower saxony 1985-87. 331 of 949 samples from hospitals and 26 of 292 samples from hotels were legionella positive. all together 70% of the hospitals and 18% of the hotels investigated were legionella positive, and 836 strains of legionella were isolated (table 1). as they could be diagnosed they belong to l. pneumophila sg1 306 strains, sg2 36 strains, sg3 127 strains, sg4 45 strain, sg5 29 strain, sg6 106 strain ... | 1988 | 3134774 |
| interferon-gamma and antibiotics fail to act synergistically to kill legionella pneumophila in human monocytes. | legionella pneumophila, the agent of legionnaires' disease, is a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that multiplies in human blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma)-activated human monocytes inhibit the intracellular multiplication of l. pneumophila but fail to kill the organism. similarly, erythromycin and rifampin, the drugs of choice in the treatment of legionnaires' disease, inhibit the growth of l. pneumophila within monocytes without e ... | 1988 | 3137275 |
| [pneumonia caused by legionella micdadei in a fatal case and its bacteriological characteristics]. | | 1988 | 3137278 |
| [studies of the effect of antimicrobials encapsulated in liposomes in the treatment of experimental infection due to legionella pneumophila and listeria monocytogenes]. | | 1988 | 3138320 |
| differences in lipopolysaccharide profiles of serologically identical legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 strains. | over five years 18 strains of legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 were isolated in amsterdam from the hot water supply in three hospitals and from one patient. immunodiffusion and immunoblot procedures showed that these strains were identical. profiles of isolated lipopolysaccharides from the 18 strains and the reference serogroup 6 strain were visualised in polyacrylamide gels stained with silver. four strains from hospital a, isolated in 1982, 1984, and 1985 displayed similar lipopolysaccharide ... | 1988 | 3139716 |
| [microbial contamination of water by pipe and tubing material. 2. growth of legionella pneumophila]. | in the 1st communication it was possible to show that some hoses and insufficiently cleaned high grade steel pipe can produce a microbial growth. the growth-promoting effect of materials in the water distribution system for legionella pneumophila has been discussed before. in this investigation it was tested how l. pneumophila behaves in pipes and hoses with narrow diameter, at temperatures from 35 degrees c to 40 degrees c and over a time of half a year. l. pneumophila could be found in high nu ... | 1988 | 3140536 |
| counterimmunoelectrophoresis and double immunodiffusion techniques in the detection of legionella pneumophilia antibodies. | | 1987 | 3141735 |
| [ecological aspects of legionellosis]. | | 1988 | 3143204 |
| [accelerated laboratory diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia]. | the effectiveness of countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (cie) used for the accelerated differential diagnosis of pneumococcal, staphylococcal, mycoplasmal and legionella infections in cases of pneumonia has been shown. the presence of correlation between the results obtained in the bacterial study of sputa and bronchial washings and in cie has been revealed, which gives grounds for recommending cie for the accelerated diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia on the basis of the analysis of sputa, b ... | 1988 | 3143206 |
| cytokine activation of antibacterial activity in human pulmonary macrophages: comparison of recombinant interferon-gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. | we examined the ability of two recombinant human cytokines, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhu-gm-csf) and interferon-gamma (rhu-ifn-gamma) to activate antibacterial mechanisms in human pulmonary macrophages (pm) and peripheral blood monocytes (pbm). growth of legionella pneumophila (lp) was assessed in pm or pbm which had been exposed to either rhu-ifn-gamma (500-1000 u/ml) or rhu-gm-csf (1 to 10,000 u/ml). in both pm and pbm exposed to 500 u/ml rhu-ifn-gamma, growth of lp wa ... | 1988 | 3143484 |
| antigenic relatedness of a strongly immunogenic 65 kda mycobacterial protein antigen with a similarly sized ubiquitous bacterial common antigen. | in gene libraries of mycobacterium bovis bcg, mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae recombinants were frequently found expressing an immunodominant 65 kda protein antigen. in this study polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against the 65 kda antigen were found to react with a variety of different bacteria. furthermore it is shown that the 65 kda mycobacterial protein belongs to the family of antigens previously designated 'common antigen' due to their presence in a large variety of ... | 1988 | 3143894 |
| inhibition of legionella pneumophila multiplication within human macrophages by fleroxacin. | the susceptibility of legionella pneumophila to a new quinolone, fleroxacin, was studied in both an extra- and an intracellular system. the activity of fleroxacin was compared with that of erythromycin, cefoxitin, and rifampicin. in the extracellular system, erythromycin inhibited while cefoxitin killed the organism. extracellularly, fleroxacin performed similarly to cefoxitin. rifampicin was initially bactericidal for l. pneumophila but resistant bacteria emerged at 48 h. the horwitz monocyte m ... | 1988 | 3144549 |
| prospective evaluation of the gen-probe assay for detection of legionellae in respiratory specimens. | a prospective evaluation of a dna probe assay for detection of legionella species was performed on 427 consecutive respiratory specimens submitted over an 18-month period. the gen-probe assay utilizing both low (greater than or equal to 4.0) and high (greater than 7.0) ratio threshold values was compared to direct fluorescent antibody staining (dfa) as a predictor of isolation of legionella on culture. the highest sensitivity (63%) was obtained with the lower threshold ratio, but was not signifi ... | 1988 | 3145856 |
| [detection of legionella soluble antigen in urine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay--basic studies on antigen detection by elisa]. | | 1988 | 3146603 |
| laboratory diagnosis of legionnaire's disease: an update. | | 1987 | 3153604 |
| [legionella infections in the paris area. predominance of serogroup 1 legionella pneumophila infections]. | | 1985 | 3158958 |
| in-vitro sensitivity of legionellas, meningococci and mycoplasmas to ciprofloxacin and enoxacin. | | 1985 | 3161857 |
| the effect of antibiotics on the growth of legionella pneumophila in guinea-pig alveolar phagocytes infected in vivo by an aerosol. | the likely efficacy of four antibiotics of possible use in the treatment of legionnaires' disease was assessed in terms of their capacity to inhibit the replication of legionella pneumophila within guinea-pig alveolar macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) compared with their minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) in vitro. all the antibiotics used had similar mic values with regard to l. pneumophila (0.032-0.062 mg/l), but differences of up to 100 fold in the concentration required ... | 1985 | 3161953 |
| studies on ciprofloxacin therapy of experimental legionnaires' disease. | the concentration of ciprofloxacin in the serum and tissues of normal guinea-pigs was monitored after intramuscular and oral administration. significant concentrations were attained in the kidneys, but higher doses were required before serum and lung concentrations became measurable. ciprofloxacin, given parenterally, prevented pyrexia and death of guinea-pigs infected by aerosols of legionella pneumophila. although it markedly reduced the number of bacteria in the lungs, it did not prevent the ... | 1985 | 3161954 |
| legionnaires' disease in a johannesburg teaching hospital. investigation and control of an outbreak. | during the period 11 november 1985 - 21 february 1986, 12 cases of legionnaires' disease were identified at a johannesburg teaching hospital. only 2 patients definitely acquired the disease in hospital. both responded well to treatment. an epidemiological investigation was initiated to determine the source of infection and mode of transmission of the causative agent (legionella pneumophila), which may be recovered from a wide variety of water sources. although l. pneumophila was cultured from th ... | 1988 | 3162619 |
| protective effects of tumor necrosis factor in experimental legionella pneumophila infections of mice via activation of pmn function. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) was found in the lung lavage fluids of legionella pneumophila-infected mice within 24 hr of intratracheal (i.t.) inoculation. since this cytokine has been reported to activate polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) function, the effect of tnf on the in vitro bactericidal capacity of pmn-enriched cultures was determined. murine thioglycollate-elicited pmn which were treated with recombinant human tnf demonstrated augmented killing of l. pneumophila bacteria in vitro. furthe ... | 1988 | 3163717 |
| serological examinations for antibodies against legionella species in dental personnel. | serum samples from 107 dentists, dental assistants, and dental technicians were examined with an indirect immunofluorescence test for antibodies to legionella pneumophila sg1-sg6, l. micdadei, l. bozemanii, l. dumoffii, l. gormanii, l. jordanis, and l. longbeachae sg1 + 2. thirty-six (34%) employees from dental personnel from 13 practices showed a positive reaction for antibodies to legionella pneumophila. only five samples (5%) from a control group (non-medical workers) were positive. of the 36 ... | 1988 | 3170906 |
| a phospholipase c from the dallas 1e strain of legionella pneumophila serogroup 5: purification and characterization of conditions for optimal activity with an artificial substrate. | phospholipase c from the dallas 1e strain of legionella pneumophila serogroup 5 was purified from buffered yeast extract culture supernate by ion-exchange chromatography followed by fractionation by manganous chloride and ammonium sulphate precipitation steps. enzyme activity was assayed by hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine and confirmed by release of radioactivity from tritiated l-alpha-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine labelled in the methyl groups of choline. after sds-page, the purif ... | 1988 | 3171547 |
| chlorination of water supplies to control legionella may corrode the pipes. | | 1988 | 3172399 |
| legionella bozemanii infection associated with massive pericardial effusion. case report. | | 1988 | 3174161 |
| multiple organ system failure in an infant with legionella infection. | | 1988 | 3174311 |
| an electron microscopy study of legionella pneumophila after in vitro and in vivo culture. | the ultrastructure of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (philadelphia strain) was studied by scanning transmission electron microscopy (stem) following in vitro and in vivo culture. the results obtained were identical for all the samples tested; the structure belonged to the prokaryotic type, with features consistent with the known structure of gram-negative rods. a characteristic feature is the loose undulated outer membrane, a peptidoglycan layer which was difficult to visualize and was bette ... | 1988 | 3176753 |
| [identification of legionella by gas phase chromatography of fatty acids and high performance liquid chromatography of ubiquinones]. | the fatty acids and ubiquinones of 44 reference strains corresponding to species of legionella and 3 strains of legionella isolated in the environment have been evaluated. the analysis of fatty acids profiles allows a classification of 22 species into 4 groups depending on the predominance of some branched-chain fatty acids of linear fatty acids. as for ubiquinones our results for the 22 species corroborate the classification in 5 groups established by moss in 1983 based on the study of 10 speci ... | 1988 | 3177976 |
| haemolytic activity in the genus legionella. | | 1988 | 3179058 |
| legionella moravica sp. nov. and legionella brunensis sp. nov. isolated from cooling-tower water. | two legionella-like organisms were isolated from cooling-tower water samples in czechoslovakia. they were presumptively identified as legionellae by their growth on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar (bcye) containing l-cysteine and their absence of growth on bcye without l-cysteine. both strains contained predominately branch-chained cellular fatty acids and were therefore definitively placed in the genus legionella. they were serologically distinct from other described legionella species and ... | 1988 | 3179063 |
| legionella pneumonia complicating wegener's granulomatosis. | we describe a previously healthy man who presented with features consistent with wegener's granulomatosis. while undergoing investigation, he developed acute respiratory failure, thought to represent progression of his vasculitis. open lung and sinus biopsies were performed to obtain the diagnosis. vasculitis was confirmed on the paranasasl biopsy, and the lung biopsy showed pneumonia due to legionella pneumophila, an association not previously reported in wegener's granulomatosis. if immunosupp ... | 1988 | 3180864 |
| a self-limited febrile illness produced in guinea pigs associated with oral administration of legionella pneumophila. | the presumed route of human infection by legionella pneumophila is inhalation. we investigated possible oral transmission of legionellosis in guinea pigs. fifty-six guinea pigs (group 1) were given virulent l. pneumophila, serogroup 1, in drinking water. fifty-nine guinea pigs (group 2) were inoculated with l. pneumophila via gastric intubation. nineteen guinea pigs (group 3) were given heat-killed l. pneumophila in drinking water. twenty-four guinea pigs (group 4, positive control) were inocula ... | 1988 | 3181681 |
| virulence conversion of legionella pneumophila: a one-way phenomenon. | previous investigations have shown that legionella pneumophila converts from virulence to avirulence after passage on supplemented mueller-hinton (smh) agar and may convert back to virulence after passage in guinea pigs. however, there is no additional information concerning the apparent interconversion of virulent and avirulent derivatives of l. pneumophila cultures. we investigated the stability of a parental virulent culture and its avirulent derivatives and the growth and viability of these ... | 1988 | 3182073 |
| failure of treatment of legionella pneumonia with ciprofloxacin. | | 1988 | 3182432 |
| efficacy of intravenous spiramycin in the treatment of severe legionnaires' disease. | spiramycin is a 16-membered macrolide that has been shown in cell and animal models to be active against legionella spp. the activity of the injectable form of spiramycin was evaluated in the treatment of severe legionnaires' disease in seven immunocompromised and three previously healthy patients. seven of the ten patients were cured. three patients died primarily from the underlying disease or from intercurrent complications. this result and the better tolerance of spiramycin compared with 14- ... | 1988 | 3182441 |
| efficacy of spiramycin on experimental airborne legionellosis in guinea pigs. | the effect of preventive and curative spiramycin therapy was studied in guinea pigs infected by aerosol with the experimental model previously tested. the infectious aerosol was obtained from a virulent strain of legionella pneumophila (philadelphia atcc 33 152). male guinea pigs (dunkin-hartley) weighing 250-300 g were exposed for 30 min to an aerosol of 1 or 10 ld50 (10(3) or 10(4) viable inhaled organisms). spiramycin was administered intraperitoneally (150 mg/kg/day) 18 h after infection for ... | 1988 | 3182447 |
| comparison of spiramycin and erythromycin in the treatment of experimental guinea pig legionellosis. | spiramycin was compared with erythromycin in a guinea pig model of severe legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 infection. male guinea pigs weighting 264-321 g were infected by the intraperitoneal route with 1.2 x 10(7) virulent l. pneumophila serogroup 1. forty eight h after infection, animals that had lost greater than or equal to 9% of their body weight were randomly assigned to receive 48, 54 and 72 h after infection intraperitoneal injections of (1) distilled water (n = 20), (2) erythromycin l ... | 1988 | 3182448 |
| the effect of ofloxacin on the intracellular growth of legionella pneumophila in guinea pig alveolar phagocytes. | ofloxacin was evaluated as an antibiotic for possible use in the therapy of legionnaires' disease in relation to its ability to penetrate alveolar phagocytes and inhibit legionella pneumophila intracellular replication. a comparison with two other antibiotics used in the treatment of legionnaires' disease, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, was also made. ofloxacin was found to be the most effective antibiotic, eliminating viable l. pneumophila from alveolar phagocytes at 0.001 mg/l. this was follo ... | 1988 | 3182462 |
| the comparative in-vitro activity of ofloxacin. | the antibacterial activity of ofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was evaluated against a wide range of clinical bacterial isolates and compared with that of nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, enoxacin, pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics). ofloxacin was very active against nalidixic acid-susceptible isolates of the enterobacteriaceae (mic less than or equal to 0.12 mg/l) and was also active against strains resistant to nalidixic acid (mic less than o ... | 1988 | 3182468 |
| retrospective evaluation of the du pont radioimmunoassay kit for detection of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antigenuria in humans. | we used the du pont radioimmunoassay kit for soluble legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antigenuria (du pont co., wilmington, del.) to test 422 urine samples from patients with and without legionnaires disease (ld). the urine specimens were collected from 23 patients with culture-proven ld and from 346 patients without ld. l. pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated from 14 patients with culture-proven ld, and other l. pneumophila serogroups or other legionella species were isolated from 9 patients; ... | 1988 | 3183024 |
| macrophage toxicity and complement sensitivity of virulent and avirulent strains of legionella pneumophila. | virulent strains of legionella pneumophila that are preincubated with specific antiserum are cytotoxic for alveolar macrophages when added at a multiplicity of infection of 100 l. pneumophila per macrophage. under the same conditions, avirulent strains exhibit little cytotoxic activity. virulent strains are also resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum and fail to bind complement components on the cell surface. in contrast, avirulent strains are serum-sensitive and both c3 an ... | 1988 | 3187322 |
| in vitro activity of carumonam (ro 17-2301; ama-1080) versus enteropathogenic and nonfermentative gram-negative rods and legionella pneumophila. | the in vitro activity of carumonam (ro 17-2301; ama-1080) was tested against 355 single-patient isolates, by and large enteropathogenic or nonfermentative rods. the new monobactam was inhibitory and bactericidal against the majority of diarrhea-causing members of the family enterobacteriaceae at concentrations of less than and equal to 8 micrograms/ml. although known to be active against pseudomonas aeruginosa, it generally did not exhibit clinically useful activity against other nonfermenters o ... | 1988 | 3190188 |
| legionnaires' disease in the work environment: implications for environmental health. | legionnaires' disease is a severe pneumonia caused by the bacterium legionella pneumophila. outbreaks of legionnaire's disease have occurred in hotels, hospitals, and homes but had not been reported yet in the work environment. the authors report the occurrence of legionnaires' disease in three employees of two industrial plants. the potable water in the two plants contained high numbers of legionella pneumophila. monoclonal antibody subtyping of environmental and patient isolates of l. pneumoph ... | 1988 | 3195473 |
| efficacy of ny-198 against experimental legionnaires disease. | the in vitro and in vivo effects of ny-198 against legionella pneumophila were compared with those of ciprofloxacin. the mic of ny-198 against 15 standard reference strains of legionella of various species, between 0.03 and 0.125 micrograms/ml, was the same as that of ciprofloxacin. the peak concentration of ny-198 in the lungs and sera of guinea pigs with experimentally induced legionella pneumonia was higher than that of ciprofloxacin after oral administration. the overall survival rate was hi ... | 1988 | 3196003 |
| in vitro activities of pd 117,596 and reference antibiotics against 448 clinical bacterial strains. | the in vitro activity of pd 117,596, a new fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was tested against 448 bacterial isolates (15 genera) by agar dilution (inoculum, 10(4) cfu per spot). the activity of pd 117,596 was compared with that of 15 antibiotics against 327 gram-negative strains and with that of 8 other antibiotics against 121 gram-positive strains. pd 117,596 demonstrated the best activity against klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp., acinetobacter spp., serratia marcescens, and branhamella catarrhal ... | 1988 | 3196008 |
| legionella pneumophila subgroups, monoclonal antibody reactivity, and strain virulence in burlington, vermont. | | 1988 | 3198951 |
| legionella spp. in puerto rico cooling towers. | water samples from air conditioning cooling towers receiving different treatment protocols on five large municipal buildings in san juan, p.r., were assayed for various legionella spp. and serogroups by using direct immunofluorescence. several water quality parameters were also measured for each sample. guinea pigs were inoculated with water samples to confirm pathogenicity and recover viable organisms. legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6, l. bozemanii, l. micdadei, l. dumoffii, and l. gorm ... | 1988 | 3202625 |
| differences in aerosol survival between pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. | a strain of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 known to be virulent for guinea-pigs was found to be least stable at a relative humidity (r.h.) of 60% when stored as a small particle aerosol. three l. pneumophila serogroup 1 strains of different virulence for guinea-pigs were then tested at a r.h. of 60% at 20 degrees c. the most virulent strain was found to have the best survival and the avirulent strain was least stable. the strain of intermediate virulence did not survive as well as the virule ... | 1988 | 3204070 |
| sensitivity and resistance of legionella pneumophila to some antibiotics and combinations of antibiotics. | for the treatment of legionella pneumophila infections erythromycin and rifampicin are the antibiotics of choice. in view of reported therapy failures other antibiotics, e.g. the quinolones, are currently under investigation. the sensitivity of l. pneumophila to four antibiotics and to combinations of antibiotics was investigated and the rate of mutations was calculated. for 20 l. pneumophila strains we determined the mic of rifampicin (0.002-0.004 mg/l), erythromycin (0.063-0.125 mg/l), norflox ... | 1988 | 3204075 |
| comparative efficacy of five antibiotics on experimental airborne legionellosis in guinea-pigs. | the efficacy of preventive and curative treatment of experimental airborne legionellosis in guinea-pigs was studied for erythromycin, rifampicin, minocycline, doxycycline and pefloxacin. the aerosol was produced from a strain of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and dispersed in a chamber maintained below atmospheric pressure. guinea-pigs were exposed for 30 min to 1 or 10 ld50 (10(3) or 10(4) viable inhaled organisms). treatment was preventive or curative. antibiotic concentrations in lungs an ... | 1988 | 3204078 |
| [legionella in cooling towers in oslo]. | | 1988 | 3206502 |
| susceptibility of legionella pneumophila to azt. | | 1988 | 3209534 |
| [serologic cross reactions between legionellae and other pathogens of respiratory infections in the sera of patients with pneumonia]. | | 1988 | 3213095 |
| growth-supporting activity for legionella pneumophila in tap water cultures and implication of hartmannellid amoebae as growth factors. | photosynthetic cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, free-living amoebae, and ciliated protozoa may support growth of legionella pneumophila. studies were done with two tap water cultures (ws1 and ws2) containing l. pneumophila and associated microbiota to characterize growth-supporting activity and assess the relative importance of the microbiota in supporting multiplication of l. pneumophila. the water cultures were incubated in the dark at 35 degrees c. the growth-supporting factor(s) was se ... | 1988 | 3214153 |
| nosocomial legionella pneumonia: demonstration of potable water as the source of infection. | from january 1983 until december 1985, 35 cases of sporadic nosocomial legionella pneumonia, all caused by legionella pneumophila, were diagnosed in a university hospital. l. pneumophila serogroup (sg) 1 was cultured from 12 of the 35 cases and compared to corresponding l. pneumophila sg 1 isolates from water outlets in the patients' immediate environment by subtyping with monoclonal antibodies. the corresponding environmental isolates were identical to 9 out of 12 (75%) of those from the cases. ... | 1988 | 3215293 |
| effects of inhaled titanium dioxide dust on the lung and on the course of experimental legionnaires' disease. | guinea-pigs were exposed for 14 days to an aerosol of titanium dioxide (tio2) dust to produce macrophage blockade. groups of the animals were later infected by aerosol with legionella pneumophila. histological and ultrastructural studies showed that tio2 dust alone was inert and non-fibrogenic and even at 6 weeks induced no pathological lesions in the lungs, apart from accumulation of macrophages in interalveolar septa. the macrophage blockade by tio2 did not alter the animals' susceptibility to ... | 1988 | 3219283 |
| organization and operation of the hospital-infection-control program of the university of iowa hospitals and clinics. | the university of iowa hospitals and clinics is located in the center of the united states in eastern iowa, has 1,000 hospital beds, and is the largest university owned teaching hospital in the country. over 35,000 patients are admitted each year. the infection control efforts began in 1969 and were broadened in 1976 with the establishment and implementation of the program of epidemiology directed by w.j. hierholzer, jr., m.d., hospital epidemiologist. hospital-wide surveillance is routinely per ... | 1988 | 3220585 |
| a family cluster of legionella pneumophila infections. | three members of one single family of 4, the father, a son and a daughter, showed seroconversion against legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (lp sg1). the son had a severe pneumonia, whereas the father and the daughter did not develop any other illness than mild and transient fever. a fourth member, the mother, remained seronegative. lp sg1 was detected by a direct immunofluorescence test in water samples from the shower at home, in tap water in the family's butcher shop, and in condensation wate ... | 1988 | 3222665 |
| [the antibacterial effect of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin in vitro]. | mics of ciprofloxacin (cip), ofloxacin (ofl) and norfloxacin (nor) were assessed with a total of 523 strains of 7 species (spp) of enterobacteriaceae, various pseudomonads, methicillin-susceptible and -resistant s. aureus, l. monocytogenes, legionella species and c. difficile. in addition, the mbcs were assessed with s. aureus and e. coli. with break-points of less than or equal to 0.5 and greater than or equal to 4 mg/l all strains of e. coli, k. oxytoca, p. mirabilis and indole-positive proteu ... | 1988 | 3223134 |
| survival of coliforms and bacterial pathogens within protozoa during chlorination. | the susceptibility of coliform bacteria and bacterial pathogens to free chlorine residuals was determined before and after incubation with amoebae and ciliate protozoa. viability of bacteria was quantified to determine their resistance to free chlorine residuals when ingested by laboratory strains of acanthamoeba castellanii and tetrahymena pyriformis. cocultures of bacteria and protozoa were incubated to facilitate ingestion of the bacteria and then were chlorinated, neutralized, and sonicated ... | 1988 | 3223766 |
| legionella pneumophila: initial detection through evaluation of giemsa-stained smears of a bronchial aspirate. | the presence of legionella species in a bronchial aspirate was strongly suspected by the visualization on giemsa-stained smears of slender violaceous intra- and extracellular bacilli despite the absence of fluorescence on smears stained with l. pneumophila serogroup 1 conjugate. subsequently, cultures of the aspirate grew l. pneumophila reactive with serogroup 6 fluorescein-conjugated antibody. | 1988 | 3224497 |
| [criteria of epidemiologic safety of hot water]. | | 1988 | 3224850 |
| [study on the antibody level of legionella infection of healthy people in taiyuan]. | | 1988 | 3228845 |
| [investigation of legionella infection in patients with pneumonia in jinan area]. | | 1988 | 3228846 |
| [study on the infectious state of legionella in chinese soldiers]. | | 1988 | 3228847 |
| [presence of anti-legionella antibodies in a selected group of patients from the infectious disease clinic, pomeranian medical academy, in szczecin (preliminary report)]. | | 1988 | 3231719 |
| an environmental study of a nosocomial outbreak of legionellosis in a city hospital. | | 1988 | 3233569 |
| characteristics of anti-legionella antibodies in patients infected with legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 6, and 10. | nosocomial infections with legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 and 10 in the leiden university hospital and infections with l. pneumophila serogroup 6 in neighboring hospitals gave us an opportunity to study the development of opsonizing antibodies against l. pneumophila serogroups 1, 6, and 10 in the serum of 13 patients. seven of these patients were infected with l. pneumophila serogroup 1, two were infected with serogroup 6, and four were infected with serogroup 10. the opsonic cross-reactivi ... | 1988 | 3235666 |
| growth of legionella pneumophila in a human macrophage-like (u937) cell line. | we established a model of the bacteria-macrophage interaction to study the cellular basis of legionella pneumophila pathogenesis and to characterize avirulent l. pneumophila. we found that u937 cells, which are derived from a human histiocytic lymphoma cell line, support intracellular growth of l. pneumophila with a doubling time of 6 h, and that sustained intracellular growth is associated with a cytopathic effect (cpe) that can be detected by microscopic examination and quantified with the vit ... | 1988 | 3237054 |
| [epidemiology of bronchopulmonary hospital infections]. | hospital acquired infections (hai) represent one of the major problems, due to their elevated frequency and high number of fatal cases, in the control of infectious diseases. with the perspective to evaluate the incidence of bronchopulmonary infections and to determine their role as cause of death of hospitalized patients, as well as to identify the etiology and the associated risk factors, we have studied 105 autopsy cases of patients decreased in hospital. 37 patients had pneumonias, of which ... | 1988 | 3242560 |
| in vitro and in vivo efficacy of fusafungine on legionella pneumophila. | | 1988 | 3244983 |
| [laboratory diagnosis of legionnaires' disease]. | | 1988 | 3249387 |
| [clinical features of an outbreak of legionella pneumophila in students at a college in tangshan city]. | | 1988 | 3250748 |
| comparative in vitro activities of new 14-, 15-, and 16-membered macrolides. | the in vitro activities of several 14-, 15- and 16-membered macrolides were compared with that of erythromycin. in general, 14-membered macrolides such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, and flurithromycin were more active against streptococci and bordetella pertussis than was the 15-membered macrolide azithromycin, which was more active than 16-membered macrolides such as miocamycin and rokitamycin. clarithromycin was the most active compound against streptococcus pyogenes, pneumococci, listeria ... | 1988 | 3252753 |
| growth of legionella pneumophila in thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from a/j mice. | legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular bacterium which readily grows in cultures of guinea pig and human mononuclear phagocytes. in this report, we demonstrate that the legionella sp. also grows in thioglycolate-elicited macrophages obtained from a/j mice but not in cells from other mouse strains tested, such as bdf1, dba/2, c3h/hen, c57bl/6, and balb/c. growth of listeria monocytogenes and interleukin-1 production in a/j mice were similar to their growth and production in other s ... | 1988 | 3257460 |
| [bronchoscopic diagnosis of lung infiltrates in immunocompromised patients]. | bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was undertaken in 21 immunocompromised patients for microbiological and cytological diagnosis. in all of these patients radiologically confirmed pneumonic lesions had developed which, under empirical antibiotic treatment, had progressed or not clearly regressed. in four patients each the causative organisms of the pneumonia were identified as pneumocystis carinii and legionella, respectively, and aspergilla in a further three. proof of the causative organ ... | 1988 | 3258814 |
| enoxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. | twenty patients admitted to hospital with serious lower respiratory tract infections entered an open study of 400 mg enoxacin given orally twice a day for a minimum of seven days. clinical signs and symptoms were completely cured or improved in six of eight patients with pneumonia, in nine of ten patients with bronchitis, and in two patients with bronchiectasis. enoxacin was effective in eradicating the initial pathogens in 10 of 12 patients with positive cultures. enoxacin was well tolerated. o ... | 1988 | 3258863 |
| lysis of murine macrophages infected with intracellular pathogens by interleukin 2-activated killer (lak) cells in vitro. | to determine if murine lymphocytes activated by interleukin 2 (il-2) were cytotoxic against syngeneic elicited peritoneal macrophages (m phi) infected with intracellular pathogens, splenocytes that had been cultured with il-2 for 5 or 10 days were studied in vitro. these cells, [lymphokine-activated killer (lak) cells] showed significantly greater cytotoxicity against m phi infected with leishmania major or legionella pneumophila than against uninfected m phi. preferential cytotoxicity against i ... | 1988 | 3259166 |
| interaction of legionella pneumophila with peritoneal macrophages from various mouse strains. | | 1988 | 3264454 |
| [nosocomial pneumonia caused by legionella pneumophila at sagunto hospital. epidemiology and preventive measures]. | | 1988 | 3273872 |
| [two cases of acute pulmonary legionella. case studies]. | | 1988 | 3274714 |