| monoclonal antibody-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin. | hybrid cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) were established. the specificity of the antibodies was ascertained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), sandwich elisa, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electroblotting. the monoclonal antibody-based sandwich elisa was developed for detection of b. pertussis fha. the assay had a detection limit of b. pertussis fha in concentrations rang ... | 1988 | 2903174 |
| delayed seroconversion, legionnaires' disease, and age. | | 1988 | 2903394 |
| heat-shock response in legionella pneumophila. | the heat-shock response of legionella pneumophila was examined by radiolabelling bacterial cell proteins with [35s]methionine following a temperature shift from 30 to 42 degrees c. five heat-shock proteins were identified as having molecular masses of 17, 60, 70, 78, and 85 kilodaltons (kda). the 85- and 60-kda proteins were equally distributed between supernatant and pellet fractions following ultracentrifugation at 100,000 x g, the 70- and 78-kda proteins were found primarily in the supernatan ... | 1988 | 2904297 |
| serological diversity within the species legionella spiritensis. | a strain of legionella isolated from the environment which could not initially be identified was shown by restriction fragment length polymorphisms to be a legionella spiritensis. this was confirmed by dna homology studies, cell wall fatty acid composition and isoprenoid quinone analysis. this strain, which is only the second reported representative of the species, was shown to be serologically distinct from the type strain of l. spiritensis and all other serogroups of legionella. | 1988 | 2906932 |
| legionella pneumophila in a hospital in torino, italy. a retrospective one-year study. | legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated from post mortem specimens from 13 out of 58 patients with pneumonia diagnosed at autopsy. the results of a study undertaken in the hospital environment showed that the water plumbing system was colonized with l. pneumophila serogroup 1 which could also be isolated from respiratory devices filled with tap water. control measures instituted are described. | 1989 | 2917615 |
| exposure to legionellaceae at a hot spring spa: a prospective clinical and serological study. | following the occurrence of five cases of legionnaires' disease among patients and therapists at a french hot spring spa, a series of cleansing procedures and an epidemiological study were undertaken. during a 3-month period, the spring water was repeatedly sampled. serum samples were taken from 689 randomly selected patients, 230 therapists, 134 administrative staff and a control group of 904 blood donors. legionellaceae were present in the spring water at concentrations of 10(3)-10(5) colony f ... | 1989 | 2917616 |
| characterization of a legionella pneumophila extracellular protease exhibiting hemolytic and cytotoxic activities. | a preliminary screening of selected legionella species for proteolytic and hemolytic phenotypes suggested a correlation between these activities. to investigate the relationship of these phenotypes, a mutant strain of legionella pneumophila deficient in the expression of a 38-kilodalton (kda) exoprotease was isolated and characterized. this strain, designated prt8, was also found to be nonhemolytic when screened on blood agar composed of 5% canine or guinea pig erythrocytes. strain prt8 was sero ... | 1989 | 2917785 |
| legionella pneumonia--a need for epidemiological alert. | | 1989 | 2919330 |
| engulfment of the philadelphia strain of legionella pneumophila within pseudopod coils in human phagocytes. comparison with other legionella strains and species. | in this paper we report our ultrastructural studies of the early phagocytosis of two different strains of l. pneumophila serogroup (sg) 1 (philadelphia 1 and knoxville 1) and of l. micdadei. these bacteria replicate, in vivo as well as in vitro, in eukaryotic cells e.g. in monocytes and macrophages. whether or not the mode of entry of these organisms in phagocytes contributes to their intracellular survival is presently unknown. whilst internalization of bacteria of the philadelphia 1 strain occ ... | 1989 | 2920101 |
| legionella pneumonia and aids. | | 1989 | 2920610 |
| [legionella pneumophila infection in hotel aktizeus in heraklion on crete?]. | | 1989 | 2922085 |
| diagnosis of legionella lung abscess by percutaneous needle aspiration. | pneumonia is a life-threatening infection of immunocompromised patients, and accurate identification of the causative agent is essential for early initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy. percutaneous needle aspiration was used to identify legionella pneumonia after sputum and bronchoscopy specimens had failed to provide a diagnosis in a 13-year-old leukemic patient with a lung abscess. we believe this is the first report of a child with this disease diagnosed in this way. | 1989 | 2924180 |
| a legionella pneumophila gene encoding a species-specific surface protein potentiates initiation of intracellular infection. | to investigate the pathogenesis of legionnaires disease at a molecular level, we mutated by directed allelic exchange a gene encoding a legionella pneumophila-specific 24,000-dalton (da) surface protein. southern hybridization and immunoblot analyses demonstrated that the predicted dna rearrangement occurred in l. pneumophila with a specific loss of 24-kda antigen expression. compared with its isogenic parent, the mutant was significantly impaired in its ability to infect transformed u937 cells, ... | 1989 | 2925251 |
| dna sequence of mip, a legionella pneumophila gene associated with macrophage infectivity. | in a previous study, a 24-kilodalton (kda) protein surface antigen of legionella pneumophila was cloned into escherichia coli and found to be expressed on the host cell surface. subsequently, a site-directed mutation in this gene (designated mip) in l. pneumophila was found to impair the capacity of this bacterium to initiate intracellular infection in human macrophages. the work presented here indicates that the antigenic gene product is distinct from the 24- to 29-kda major outer membrane prot ... | 1989 | 2925252 |
| multiple organ involvement by legionella pneumophila in a fatal case of legionnaires' disease. | | 1989 | 2926176 |
| vaccination with the major secretory protein of legionella pneumophila induces cell-mediated and protective immunity in a guinea pig model of legionnaires' disease. | we have examined the capacity of the major secretory protein (msp) of legionella pneumophila to induce humoral, cell-mediated, and protective immunity in a guinea pig model of legionnaires' disease. msp was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, molecular sieve chromatography, and ion-exchange chromatography. the purified msp was nonlethal and nontoxic to guinea pigs upon subcutaneous administration. guinea pigs immunized with a sublethal dose of aerosolized l. pneumophila or ... | 1989 | 2926324 |
| chlorine, ph, and control of legionella in hospital plumbing systems. | | 1989 | 2926924 |
| long-term pulmonary sequelae after legionella pneumophila infection in the hamster. | it has been reported that infections with legionella pneumophila can lead to chronic inflammatory and fibrotic reactions in the human lung. to better characterize the nature of the residual abnormalities caused by this bacterium, we inoculated syrian hamsters intratracheally with 10(8) serotype 1 l. pneumophila organisms and assessed histologic, functional, and biochemical changes at intervals up to 180 days. acutely, l. pneumophila caused an intense alveolar macrophage (am) and polymorphonuclea ... | 1989 | 2930077 |
| [legionnaires' disease caused by legionella pneumophila serogroup 6. contamination at home by a tracheostomy cannula]. | | 1986 | 2935852 |
| [isolation of legionella pneumophila from sputum and autopsy material]. | | 1986 | 2937547 |
| [isolation of legionellae in the water supply system of a hospital in the south moravia region]. | | 1986 | 2941163 |
| [presence of legionellae in water of air conditioning and water installation systems in north rhine area]. | | 1986 | 2944044 |
| in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a-56268 (te-031), a new macrolide. | the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of a-56268 (te-031), the 6-o-methyl derivative of erythromycin, was compared with those of erythromycin and other reference drugs. a-56268 had the same spectrum of antibacterial activity as erythromycin. a-56268 was generally 1 log2 dilution more potent or equal to erythromycin against all organisms except haemophilus influenzae and propionibacterium acnes, for which a-56268 was 1 log2 dilution and 3 log2 dilutions, respectively, less potent. the m ... | 1986 | 2949695 |
| [the legionellas--epidemiology, ecology, sources of infection and preventive measures]. | | 1987 | 2952924 |
| in vitro activity of a-56268 (te-031), a new macrolide antibiotic, compared with that of erythromycin and other antimicrobial agents. | a-56268 is a new macrolide antibiotic that resembles erythromycin in its spectrum of activity. a-56268 and erythromycin had identical activities against streptococcus pyogenes, group b, c, and g streptococci, and viridans group streptococci. erythromycin and a-56268 had similar activities against staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and group d enterococci. like erythromycin, a-56268 was ineffective in inhibiting oxacillin-resistant s. aureus, oxacillin-resistant, coagulase-n ... | 1987 | 2955742 |
| the antimicrobial activity of a-56268 (te-031) and roxithromycin (ru965) against legionella using broth microdilution method. | | 1987 | 2956231 |
| [etiological structure of pneumonias in children and adults]. | the bacteriological study of sputa, nasopharyngeal smears and bronchial washings taken from pneumonia patients has shown that the leading etiological agent was streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in the diagnostic titre (10(7) bacteria per ml) in 78.1% of the cases. staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, enterobacteria and yeast-like fungi have been found to play an insignificant role in the etiology of acute pneumonia (2.5 +/- +/- 0.9%). the results of the serological diagnosis by means o ... | 1987 | 2960106 |
| [legionellas in the hospital]. | | 1987 | 2962050 |
| [legionellas in drinking, bathing and warm water]. | | 1987 | 2962053 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of a-56268 (te-031), a new macrolide antibiotic. | the comparative in-vitro activity of a-56268 (te-031), a new semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic, was assessed against approximately 400 bacterial isolates. the new drug demonstrated excellent activity against penicillin-susceptible streptococci (mic90s less than or equal to 0.06 mg/l) and methicillin-susceptible staphylococci (mic90 = 0.25 mg/l). among other gram-positive organisms tested, a significant number were resistant to a-56268 as well as to erythromycin and clindamycin. a-56268 was at l ... | 1987 | 2962974 |
| [legionnaires' disease with pancytopenia and isolation of legionella by hemoculture and bone marrow cultures]. | | 1988 | 2964013 |
| comparative in-vitro activities of a-56268 (te-031) and erythromycin against 306 clinical isolates. | the inhibitory (mic) and bactericidal (mbc) activities of a new macrolide a-56268 (te-031) against 306 clinical aerobic bacterial isolates was compared with that of erythromycin. the mic90/mbc90 ratios for a-56268 were: campylobacter jejuni 4/16, haemophilus influenzae 8/8-16, h. parainfluenzae 8/8-16, legionella pneumophila 0.06/0.5, methicillin-sensitive isolates of staphylococcus aureus 0.5/1, and coagulase negative staphylococci 1/8, methicillin resistant isolates of staph. aureus and coagul ... | 1988 | 2968968 |
| [an outbreak of legionella infection in armavir]. | in march-april 1987 an outbreak of legionella infection was registered among 236 workers at a rubber factory in armavir. an ard-like syndrome and acute alveolitis were the main variants of the clinical course of the infection. legionella infection was diagnosed on the basis of a fourfold and greater increase in the titers of antibodies to l. pneumophila, serogroup 1, as determined in the indirect immunofluorescence test and enzyme immunoassay (eia). in urine samples obtained from patients legion ... | 1988 | 2975449 |
| an in-vitro evaluation of the cellular uptake and intraphagocytic bioactivity of clarithromycin (a-56268, te-031), a new macrolide antimicrobial agent. | erythromycin base and its 6-0-methyl derivative clarithromycin were actively accumulated 7.3 +/- 1.2-fold and 9.2 +/- 2-fold respectively by human neutrophils in vitro. the intraphagocytic bioactivities of the antimicrobial agents were investigated using the combination of a radioassay, colony counting method and a fluorescence microassay which facilitates the distinction between intracellular bacteriostatic and bactericidal mechanisms. staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes and legionell ... | 1988 | 2977384 |
| defective triggering of polymorphonuclear leukocyte oxidative metabolism by legionella pneumophila toxin. | preincubation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnls) with legionella pneumophila toxin impaired activation of the superoxide-generating complex induced by latex particles and by the ca++ ionophore a23187. the toxin had no effect, however, on activation of the complex induced by phorbol myristate acetate (pma), concanavalin a, valinomycin, or bromolasalocid. the toxin prevented pmnl plasma membrane depolarization induced by a23187 but failed to influence the membrane depolarization induced ... | 1985 | 2981277 |
| broad-host-range plasmid prk340 delivers tn5 into the legionella pneumophila chromosome. | transposon tn5 was introduced into legionella pneumophila on plasmid prk340, which is temperature sensitive for plasmid maintenance. the presence of plasmid dna was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis and by conjugal transfer of the plasmid to escherichia coli. tn5 insertions were obtained by culturing l. pneumophila at the nonpermissive temperature (43 degrees c) on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar containing kanamycin. of the 260 kanamycin-resistant colonies picked, 220 failed to conj ... | 1985 | 2987191 |
| legionella pneumonia in children: radiological findings in a 3-year-old child. | | 1985 | 2992042 |
| [cultivation characteristics of legionella pneumophila in a liquid medium]. | the comparative analysis of liquid media for the cultivation of legionella pneumophila, sterilized by filtration and autoclaving, has shown that, in contrast to media prepared on the basis of yeast extract, the capacity of media based on proteose peptone for supporting the growth of legionella is not influenced by the method of their sterilization. the possibility of cultivating this organism in liquid media without ferric pyrophosphate has been demonstrated. | 1985 | 2994327 |
| properties of an acid phosphatase from legionella micdadei which blocks superoxide anion production by human neutrophils. | the high-speed supernatant (100,000 g, 1 h) obtained after centrifuging a suspension of legionella micdadei that had been freeze-thawed and sonicated contained (i) considerable acid phosphatase activity when assayed using 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (mup) as the substrate, and a factor that blocked superoxide anion production by human neutrophils stimulated with f-met-leu-phe. chromatography of the extract on a hydroxylapatite column resolved two acids phosphatases (designated acp1 and acp2). ... | 1985 | 2998281 |
| legionella pneumophila pneumonia associated with reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection. | two patients with legionella pneumophila infection (serogroup 1) associated with a reactivated cytomegalovirus infection are described. predisposing underlying factors were not evident. | 1985 | 3000947 |
| [producibilities and properties of beta-lactamase and superoxide dismutase produced from legionella species]. | | 1985 | 3001384 |
| pneumonia associated with infection with pneumocystis, respiratory syncytial virus, chlamydia, mycoplasma, and cytomegalovirus in children in papua new guinea. | paired serum samples were collected from 94 children with pneumonia admitted to goroka hospital, papua new guinea. all but three of the children were aged 1-24 months. only nine children were malnourished, with weight for age less than 70% of the harvard median (three had weight for age less than 60% of the harvard median). pneumocystis carinii antigen was detected in the serum of 23 children. twenty two children had serological evidence of recent infection with respiratory syncytial virus. five ... | 1986 | 3002538 |
| [etiology of atypical pneumonias. a serological study on 1494 patients]. | in a retrospective study the serological results from 1494 patients with community-acquired pneumonia were evaluated. an infectious etiology was found in about 40% of the cases. the majority of pneumonias was caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae and by influenza virus type a, whereas legionella pneumophila was the fifth most frequent pathogen. in the second part of the study, 13 hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia were investigated by the whole panel of routinely used microbial me ... | 1986 | 3003894 |
| applied molecular genetics: new tools for microbiologists and clinicians. | | 1986 | 3005422 |
| legionella brain stem encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy without preceding pneumonia. | | 1986 | 3005514 |
| induction of autoimmune diseases with adjuvants: separation of delayed hypersensitivity and antibody formation from diseases in experimental thyroiditis and aspermatogenesis with legionella adjuvant. | the induction of autoimmune diseases in animals was studied with legionella and mycobacteria as adjuvants, emulsified in oil with antigen extracts of thyroid, testis, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve. both adjuvants were equally effective in inducing delayed hypersensitivity and humoral antibody to the tissue antigens. the legionella adjuvant, however, induced little or no thyroiditis and aspermatogenesis, whereas the mycobacterial adjuvant induced thyroiditis and aspermatogenesis. both adjuvan ... | 1986 | 3007368 |
| role of keto acids and reduced-oxygen-scavenging enzymes in the growth of legionella species. | keto acids and reduced-oxygen-scavenging enzymes were examined for their roles in supporting the growth of legionella species and for their potential reactions between the chemical components of the media. when grown in an experimental aces (2-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-amino] ethanesulfonic acid)-buffered chemically defined (abcd) broth, the presence of keto acids shortened the lag periods, increased the rates of growth, and gave maximum cell yields. in addition, keto acids affected the specific act ... | 1986 | 3009529 |
| the effect of oxygen-dependent antimicrobial systems on strains of legionella pneumophila of different virulence. | four strains of legionella pneumophila of different virulence as identified by ability to produce pneumonia and death in guinea-pigs infected by a fine-particle aerosol were examined for factors which may intracellularly influence virulence. possible bactericidal mechanisms possessed by alveolar phagocytes were examined. a relationship could be established between resistance to h2o2, catalase activity and virulence amongst the strains. virulent strains resisted the bactericidal activity generate ... | 1986 | 3016084 |
| restriction endonuclease activities in the legionellae. | fifteen legionellae isolates were studied for the presence of restriction endonucleases. at least three different specificities were found in nine of these isolates. one particular activity was present in two groups of isolates isolated from widely separated geographic areas. | 1986 | 3017522 |
| serospecific antigens of legionella pneumophila. | serospecific antigens isolated by edta extraction from four serogroups of legionella pneumophila were analyzed for their chemical composition, molecular heterogeneity by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunological properties. the antigens were shown to be lipopolysaccharides and to differ from the lipopolysaccharides of other gram-negative bacteria. the serospecific antigens contained rhamnose, mannose, glucosamine, and two unidentified sugars together with 2-ket ... | 1986 | 3017918 |
| factors affecting growth of legionella pneumophila in liquid media. | the growth in liquid media of legionella pneumophila serogroups 1-6 was monitored turbidimetrically and factors affecting growth rate were studied. the presence of inhibitors, use of detoxifying agents and the method of broth preparation each had significant effects on cultivation. cysteine was essential for growth; the optimal concentration was 100 micrograms/ml, but supplemental iron had no demonstrable effect. | 1986 | 3018252 |
| plasmid profiles of legionella pneumophila strains isolated in spain. | an assay for plasmid dna content was carried out in 100 strains of legionella pneumophila of distinct serogroups and isolated from various sources (clinical, environment). the strains were isolated from different geographic regions in our country. the presence of plasmids was proved in one of the 11 clinical isolates and in 68 of the 89 isolated of environmental origin studied. in the strains belonging to serogroup 1 and isolated in our region (cantabria), three plasmid profiles were observed, w ... | 1986 | 3021521 |
| [cytomegalovirus-associated superinfection of the lung following kidney transplantation]. | in a kidney-transplant patient, there was superinfection of the lungs by klebsiella pneumoniae and legionella pneumophilia with multiple necroses in the course of a primary cytomegalovirus infection. in a later phase of the disease, there was an opportunistic colonization of the necrotic cavities and the adjacent lung tissue by aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans. the cytomegalovirus infection led to a pronounced cellular immunosuppression in the patient. this favored superinfections by b ... | 1987 | 3026768 |
| antibacterial activity of ofloxacin and its mode of action. | the antibacterial activity of ofloxacin against enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and neisseria gonorrhoeae was comparable to norfloxacin and enoxacin, and far exceeded the activity of pipemidic acid and nalidixic acid. the activity of ofloxacin was two to eight times less than that of ciprofloxacin. ofloxacin was more active against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, acinetobacter spp., legionel ... | 1986 | 3028966 |
| nosocomial outbreak of legionnaires' disease: molecular epidemiology and disease control measures. | molecular laboratory techniques were used to study the epidemiology of an outbreak of nosocomial legionnaires' disease. all patient isolates were legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and showed identical plasmid profiles and reactions with serogroup-specific monoclonal antibodies. l pneumophila was also cultured from four of five cooling tower water samples; however, the isolate from only one tower was serogroup 1 of the same subtype as patient isolates. since the cases were temporally clustered a ... | 1987 | 3030951 |
| the effect of antibiotics on the cell morphology of legionella pneumophila. | legionella pneumophila, in buffered yeast extract broth, was treated for 5 h at 37 degrees c with rosaramicin, erythromycin, cefotaxime, dibekacin, penicillin, methicillin, cefoxitin, cephalothin, ticarcillin, carbenicillin or polymyxin b at near-mic levels and above. electronmicroscopy demonstrated morphological changes to the bacteria in some, but not all, of the antibiotic-treated suspensions. penicillin, at 1000 micrograms/ml (40 x mic) but not less, produced smooth bubble-like structures on ... | 1987 | 3031303 |
| transposition of bacteriophage mu in the legionnaires disease bacterium. | legionnaires disease is an acute respiratory disease that is often fatal for immunocompromised patients. the causative agent of this disease, legionella pneumophila, is a gram-negative bacterium that is present in a variety of aquatic environments. l. pneumophila is a facultative intracellular parasite; it grows within human phagocytic cells and eventually causes their destruction. in contrast to many other intracellular parasites, l. pneumophila is a gram-negative bacterium that can be grown in ... | 1987 | 3037523 |
| using the microbiology laboratory in the diagnosis of pneumonia. | pneumonia/influenza is one of the top ten leading causes of mortality in the united states each year. the identification of the etiologic agent responsible for lower respiratory tract infection plays an important role in the proper management of this clinical problem. the specimens submitted for evaluation are obtained in diverse ways and include expectorated sputum, material from transtracheal and bronchoscopic procedures, pleural fluid and lung aspirates, and biopsy of actual lung tissue. proc ... | 1988 | 3041511 |
| the cooler culprits. | | 1988 | 3045587 |
| prevalence of legionella in pharyngeal secretions of patients with pharyngitis. | a serological investigation has suggested that legionella pneumophila may be associated with sore throat in adults. in a study of 177 adults and children with acute pharyngitis, legionella species were not isolated from pharyngeal cultures, which utilized selective and nonselective buffered charcoal-yeast extract media. group a beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from 14 percent of the 177 symptomatic patients. throat cultures from 88 asymptomatic control subjects were negative for legione ... | 1988 | 3046228 |
| acute pancreatitis caused by legionella pneumophila. | a 57-year-old man had legionella pneumonia and acute pancreatitis. the diagnosis of legionellosis was established by both culture and significant rise in antibody titer to legionella pneumophila. the pancreatitis was diagnosed by elevated amylase and lipase values, peaking on the fourth hospital day, roentgenologic findings, and a clinical picture compatible with the disease. the patient was not an alcohol consumer and had had no previous pancreatic disease. we conclude that acute pancreatitis c ... | 1988 | 3047884 |
| false-positive dna probe test for legionella species associated with a cluster of respiratory illnesses. | between 11 november 1986 and 28 february 1987, legionellosis was diagnosed in 23 patients at one hospital with a recently marketed legionella-specific dna probe for respiratory secretions. only 10 of the 23 probe-positive patients showed findings typical of legionella pneumonia, including a temperature of greater than or equal to 100.5 degrees f (approximately 38.1 degrees c) and radiographic evidence of pneumonia. no differences were found in the results of laboratory studies, demographic featu ... | 1988 | 3049652 |
| inactivation of human alpha-1-antitrypsin by a tissue-destructive protease of legionella pneumophila. | three extracellular proteases produced by legionella pneumophila during growth in liquid medium were examined for their effects on human alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha-1-at). one of these proteases, tissue-destructive protease (tdp) destroyed completely the trypsin-inhibitory capacity of alpha-1-at at protease: inhibitor molar ratios down to 0.002:1. after inactivation by tdp, the mr of alpha-1-at was reduced by 5000 in sds-page. this suggested that inactivation entailed only limited cleavage. | 1988 | 3049937 |
| early studies on in-vitro and experimental activity of spiramycin: a review. | this review of spiramycin activity in vitro is based mainly on early studies. the mics of spiramycin for common pathogenic bacteria such as staphylococci, streptococci and pneumococci are higher than those of erythromycin. conversely, in experimental models, the activity of spiramycin is equal to or greater than that of erythromycin. in addition, the activity of spiramycin on neisseria, legionella, mycoplasma, chlamydia, and toxoplasma spp. completes its antimicrobial spectrum and shows that spi ... | 1988 | 3053564 |
| the clinical use of macrolides. | macrolides are active against streptococcus pneumoniae, legionella spp. and mycoplasma pneumoniae, the main causes of community-acquired pneumonia they may therefore be used for the empirical treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, although emergent resistance in str. pneumoniae limits their use in some parts of the world. in patients with bronchitis the use of macrolides reduces the severity and duration of symptoms. macrolides have also been used successfully in the treatment of otitis medi ... | 1988 | 3053568 |
| legionella pneumophila serogroup lansing 3 isolated from a patient with fatal pneumonia, and descriptions of l. pneumophila subsp. pneumophila subsp. nov., l. pneumophila subsp. fraseri subsp. nov., and l. pneumophila subsp. pascullei subsp. nov. | previous dna relatedness and enzyme electrophoretic mobility studies indicated heterogeneity among strains of legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 4, 5, and lansing 3 (a new, as yet unnumbered serogroup). in this study 60 l. pneumophila strains were studied by dna hybridization (hydroxyapatite method) to assess their genomic relatedness. these strains were also studied biochemically and serologically to determine whether they formed one or more phenotypic groups. dna relatedness studies identifi ... | 1988 | 3053773 |
| in vivo production of a tissue-destructive protease by legionella pneumophila in the lungs of experimentally infected guinea-pigs. | a tissue-destructive protease of legionella pneumophila was assayed for in the lungs of experimentally infected guinea-pigs by elisa. it was found in amounts equivalent to the known lethal dose of purified protease administered by the intranasal route. the identity of the protease was confirmed by immunoblot analysis. this is further evidence that legionella pneumophila protease may play a major role in the pathogenesis of legionnaires' disease. | 1988 | 3053969 |
| role of legionellae in acute infections of the lower respiratory tract. | the genus legionella currently comprises 24 species and multiple serogroups. despite the continuing development and increasing availability of new and improved laboratory tests for diagnosing legionella infections, the incidence of such infections remains poorly defined. the most frequently cited estimate of 25,000 to 50,000 cases of legionella pneumonia per year in the united states is based on a single study with a number of methodologic limitations. while numerous studies of the etiology of p ... | 1988 | 3055183 |
| nosocomial legionnaires' disease. | legionella is being recognized as an increasingly important cause of community-acquired nosocomial pneumonia. cases of nosocomial pneumonia caused by legionella particularly occur in hospitals with a water supply colonized with various legionella species. the recognition of legionella as a significant nosocomial pathogen depends on the recognition of its association with the aquatic environment of water systems in hospitals. the diagnosis and treatment of legionnaires' disease is discussed, as w ... | 1988 | 3056879 |
| opportunistic infections in renal allograft recipients. | the risk of opportunistic infection in the renal transplant patient is due to an interaction between two major factors: the epidemiologic exposures (particularly within the hospital environment) and the net state of immunosuppression. the net state of immunosuppression is determined by the nature, dose, and duration of the immunosuppressive therapy being administered; the presence or absence of granulocytopenia and technical factors that could compromise the primary mucocutaneous barriers to inf ... | 1988 | 3059619 |
| legionella pneumophila immunity and immunomodulation: nature and mechanisms. | l. pneumophila is a facultative intracellular opportunistic pathogen ubiquitously present in the environment. much is now known concerning the ecological niche of this organism as well as many other characteristics of these bacteria, including physiology and biochemistry. however, much less is known about immune mechanisms responsible for host resistance vs susceptibility. not only outer membrane protein rich fractions but also lps-rich components are potent immunogens, both in experimental anim ... | 1988 | 3059772 |
| [detection of legionella pneumophila antibodies in the blood serum of pneumonia patients by an immunoenzyme method]. | the conditions of making the enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the detection of antibodies to l. pneumophila have been optimized. the use of l. pneumophila purified serotypic antigen at a concentration of 0.25 micrograms/ml for the sensitization of polystyrene plates has been shown to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. 220 patients with severe pneumonia have been examined. as revealed in this investigation, antibodies to l. pneumophila can be detected in 12.2% of cases. a high deg ... | 1988 | 3064515 |
| [serological evidence of legionella pneumophila infection in children]. | | 1988 | 3064895 |
| in vitro influence of charcoal on ciprofloxacin activity. | the effect of charcoal-containing media on ciprofloxacin (bay o 9867) has been evaluated. the minimal inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin are increased by the presence of charcoal, thus a correction factor has to be calculated to know the real efficacy of the drug, especially in life-threatening infections such as pneumonia due to legionella spp. | 1988 | 3065019 |
| the importance of different laboratory methods in legionella diagnosis in medical care. | legionellae an infection by contaminated water is thought to be respo environment of patients with a high risk of infection (e.g. after ki lantation, immunosuppression) prophylactic measures (rising the tempe warm water to 60 degrees c) should be combined with bacteriological c s to be taken into account, however, that only by taking a couple of he same outlet during a period of time a colonization of central inst ms (sediments, storage tanks) can be discovered. in patients with acu a of unknown ... | 1988 | 3066071 |
| [seroepidemiological study on three non-pneumophila legionella infections in china]. | | 1988 | 3067856 |
| [virulence factor of legionella pneumophila]. | | 1988 | 3070065 |
| transfer and maintenance of small, mobilizable plasmids with cole1 replication origins in legionella pneumophila. | with the mutagenesis of specific, virulence-associated genes of legionella pneumophila as the eventual goal, methods for gene transfer to these bacteria were developed. following the observations of others that conjugative, broad-host-range plasmids could be transferred from escherichia coli to l. pneumophila at low frequency, we constructed a small mobilizable vector, ptlp1, which carries oriv from pbr322, orit from prk2, kmr from tn5, and an l. pneumophila-derived fragment to permit chromosoma ... | 1988 | 3071820 |
| ciprofloxacin: a preferred treatment for legionella infections in patients receiving cyclosporin a. | | 1988 | 3072333 |
| [the first case of legionella domoffi pneumonia in japan]. | | 1988 | 3072380 |
| legionella infection with acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia mimicking allograft rejection. a pitfall in post-transplantation diagnosis. | a patient is described who developed cavitary legionella pneumonia 2 weeks after kidney transplantation. the initial pulmonary symptoms were followed by severe thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. although acute irreversible graft rejection was suspected, this was not supported by the pathology findings in the resected kidney, which were compatible with tubular damage. we presume that the extrapulmonary symptoms were caused by legionellosis. | 1988 | 3075487 |
| a note on symbiosis of legionella pneumophila and tatlockia micdadei with human respiratory flora. | sixteen micro-organisms, representing clinically important respiratory microflora, were tested for their ability to stimulate the growth of legionella pneumophila and tatlockia micdadei in nutritionally-deficient agar media. nutritional symbiosis, indicated by the appearance of satellite colonies of l. pneumophila or t. micdadei, was observed for h. influenzae and n. meningitidis. this interaction between normal flora and pathogens of the respiratory tract may have clinical relevance in the path ... | 1986 | 3087929 |
| [characterization of beta-lactamases in legionella pneumophila]. | | 1986 | 3088173 |
| [case of fulminant pneumonia caused by legionella bozemanii]. | | 1986 | 3088180 |
| [biological diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infections]. | mycoplasma pneumoniae is a frequent causal agent of respiratory infections. a recent french survey was carried out on adults in hospital for an acute pneumonia which was acquired outside hospital. this study showed mycoplasma pneumoniae in third position, behind the pneumococcus and legionella pneumophila, accounting for 17% of those cases with an established aetiology. nevertheless its exact importance is difficult to establish on account of the high frequency of very benign forms in which a cl ... | 1986 | 3088689 |
| pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis. | | 1986 | 3090153 |
| interferon-gamma-activated human monocytes inhibit the intracellular multiplication of legionella pneumophila. | we have examined the interaction between interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma)-activated human monocytes and legionella pneumophila, the agent of legionnaires' disease. human monocytes activated with human recombinant ifn-gamma inhibit the intracellular multiplication of l. pneumophila. the degree of inhibition is proportional to the concentration of ifn-gamma, and maximal inhibition consistently occurs with greater than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. monoclonal anti-ifn-gamma antibody completely neutraliz ... | 1986 | 3093580 |
| [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of antibodies to legionella pneumophila]. | | 1986 | 3093600 |
| community-acquired pneumonia caused by mixed aerobic bacteria. | mixed bacterial pneumonia caused by organisms other than anaerobes has been infrequently reported. we describe six cases and review the literature. two patients had co-infection with s pneumoniae and l pneumophila. two were infected with s pneumoniae and k pneumoniae and the others simultaneously harbored m tuberculosis and n asteroides. the first two sets of patients had bacteria isolated from usually sterile sites (blood and lung), while the latter harbored repeatedly isolated organisms not us ... | 1986 | 3096644 |
| serological cross-reactions between rickettsia typhi, proteus vulgaris ox19, and legionella bozemanii in a series of febrile patients. | the sera of 19 patients with a febrile disease of undetermined etiology were positive in the indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) to legionella bozemanii serogroup 1 (lb) and rickettsia typhi (rt). to both antigens, high titers of igg-class and igm-class antibodies were demonstrated. several of the patients also had positive ifa and weil-felix reactions to proteus vulgaris ox19 (px 19). a sharp reduction of the serotiters to all three antigens was achieved by absorption of the sera with any o ... | 1986 | 3098699 |
| infection of legionella pneumophila. report of 5 cases. | | 1986 | 3100173 |
| a strain of legionella pneumophila isolated from a pneumonic patient. | | 1986 | 3100206 |
| effects of legionella pneumophila sonicate on human neutrophil granulocyte and monocyte chemotaxis. | the interaction of l. pneumophila serogroup 1 sonic extract with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocytes was studied in an in vitro chemotaxis assay. the sonicate showed heat-stable chemotactic activity towards neutrophils and monocytes. it also exhibited cytotoxicity for neutrophils but not for monocytes. incubation and pretreatment with the sonicate at apparently non-toxic concentration resulted in inhibition of the chemotactic response of neutrophils to various chemoattractants whil ... | 1986 | 3100304 |
| in vitro activation of the antibacterial activity of human pulmonary macrophages by recombinant gamma interferon. | | 1987 | 3100663 |
| the microbiology of legionnaires' disease. | | 1987 | 3102737 |
| false positivity of legionella serology in patients with cystic fibrosis. | respiratory deterioration accounts for the morbidity and mortality observed in patients with cystic fibrosis. the role of legionella in this deterioration was determined in a 2-year prospective study of 49 patients with cystic fibrosis and 19 sibling controls. sera were obtained from participants on enrollment and at quarterly intervals. legionella antibodies were measured in parallel using an indirect fluorescent assay. no seroconversions were observed. eleven of 49 patients with cystic fibrosi ... | 1987 | 3106925 |
| bacterial colonization and occurrence of legionella pneumophila in warm and cold water, in faucet aerators, and in drains of hospitals. | warm and cold water as well as water from wash basin drains and faucet aerators was examined to determine the number of viable and dead bacteria by culture and by staining and to establish the spectrum of species with special consideration of legionella pneumophila. the relation between the number of legionella pneumophila, the temperature, and the iron content of the water was determined in three separate warm water systems. high colony counts (up to 8.9 x 10(5) colony-forming units), were dete ... | 1986 | 3107260 |
| [demonstration of legionella pneumophila in dental units]. | 42 dental units in 35 dentist practices were bacteriologically examined. legionella of the species legionella pneumophila--sg1 could be isolated from 4 dental units. infection can occur during inhalation of finest aerosols, which are formed during the use of dental turbines and sprays. | 1986 | 3107261 |
| [hygiene problems in dental practice with special attention to dental units]. | within a scope of an investigation concerning hygiene-problems in dental practice a longitudinal study was carried out in 20 dental offices with 53 units. in order to guarantee equal experimental conditions and to eliminate variations caused by changing water flow during the day, we took the samples before office hours alternating mondays, tuesdays and wednesdays. those samples gathered from all handpieces (n = 530) and the drinking water faucets (n = 200) were examined according to the "trinkwa ... | 1986 | 3107265 |
| [natural inhibitors of the growth of legionellae]. | | 1987 | 3111955 |