| brazilian kefir: structure, microbial communities and chemical composition. | microbial ecology and chemical composition of brazilian kefir beverage was performed. the microorganisms associated with brazilian kefir were investigated using a combination of phenotypic and genotypic methods. a total of 359 microbial isolates were identified. lactic acid bacteria (60.5%) were the major isolated group identified, followed by yeasts (30.6%) and acetic acid bacteria (8.9%). lactobacillus paracasei (89 isolates), lactobacillus parabuchneri (41 isolates), lactobacillus casei (32 i ... | 2011 | 24031681 |
| phylogenetic analysis of a spontaneous cocoa bean fermentation metagenome reveals new insights into its bacterial and fungal community diversity. | this is the first report on the phylogenetic analysis of the community diversity of a single spontaneous cocoa bean box fermentation sample through a metagenomic approach involving 454 pyrosequencing. several sequence-based and composition-based taxonomic profiling tools were used and evaluated to avoid software-dependent results and their outcome was validated by comparison with previously obtained culture-dependent and culture-independent data. overall, this approach revealed a wider bacterial ... | 2012 | 22666442 |
| identification of a five-oxidoreductase-gene cluster from acetobacter pasteurianus conferring ethanol-dependent acidification in escherichia coli. | acetobacter pasteurianus, a gram-negative bacterium belonging to the α-divison of proteobacteria, produces acetic acid through ethanol oxidation. a genomic bank of a. pasteurianus 386b dna was cloned in the low-copy cosmid prg930cm vector and the resulting clones were screened for the production of protease using the skimmed-milk agar assay whereby a clearing zone around the inoculated spots indicates casein degradation. several positive clones were selected and restriction analysis revealed tha ... | 2012 | 22950009 |
| isolation and preliminary characterization of amino acid substitution mutations that increase the activity of the osmoregulated prop protein of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | in enterobacteriaceae, the prop protein, which takes up proline and glycine betaine, is subject to a post-translational control mechanism that increases its activity at high osmolarity. in order to investigate the osmoregulatory mechanism of the salmonella enterica prop, we devised a positive selection for mutations that conferred increased activity on this protein at low osmolarity. the selection involved the isolation of mutations in a proline auxotroph that resulted in increased accumulation ... | 2012 | 22360681 |
| structure and functional characterization of pyruvate decarboxylase from gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. | bacterial pyruvate decarboxylases (pdc) are rare. their role in ethanol production and in bacterially mediated ethanologenic processes has, however, ensured a continued and growing interest. pdcs from zymomonas mobilis (zmpdc), zymobacter palmae (zppdc) and sarcina ventriculi (svpdc) have been characterized and zmpdc has been produced successfully in a range of heterologous hosts. pdcs from the acetobacteraceae and their role in metabolism have not been characterized to the same extent. examples ... | 2014 | 25369873 |
| detailed analysis of the microbial population in malaysian spontaneous cocoa pulp fermentations reveals a core and variable microbiota. | the fermentation of cocoa pulp is one of the few remaining large-scale spontaneous microbial processes in today's food industry. the microbiota involved in cocoa pulp fermentations is complex and variable, which leads to inconsistent production efficiency and cocoa quality. despite intensive research in the field, a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the microbiota is still lacking, especially for the expanding asian production region. here, we report a large-scale, comprehensive analysis of ... | 2013 | 24358116 |
| metagenome-wide association of microbial determinants of host phenotype in drosophila melanogaster. | animal-associated bacteria (microbiota) affect host behaviors and physiological traits. to identify bacterial genetic determinants of microbiota-responsive host traits, we employed a metagenome-wide association (mgwa) approach in two steps. first, we measured two microbiota-responsive host traits, development time and triglyceride (tag) content, in drosophila melanogaster flies monoassociated with each of 41 bacterial strains. the effects of monoassociation on host traits were not confined to pa ... | 2014 | 25271286 |
| breeding strategy to generate robust yeast starter cultures for cocoa pulp fermentations. | cocoa pulp fermentation is a spontaneous process during which the natural microbiota present at cocoa farms is allowed to ferment the pulp surrounding cocoa beans. because such spontaneous fermentations are inconsistent and contribute to product variability, there is growing interest in a microbial starter culture that could be used to inoculate cocoa pulp fermentations. previous studies have revealed that many different fungi are recovered from different batches of spontaneous cocoa pulp fermen ... | 2015 | 26150457 |
| complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of acetobacter pasteurianus 386b, a strain well-adapted to the cocoa bean fermentation ecosystem. | acetobacter pasteurianus 386b, an acetic acid bacterium originating from a spontaneous cocoa bean heap fermentation, proved to be an ideal functional starter culture for coca bean fermentations. it is able to dominate the fermentation process, thereby resisting high acetic acid concentrations and temperatures. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its metabolic capabilities and niche adaptations are unknown. in this study, whole-genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis was used t ... | 2013 | 23902333 |
| design and performance testing of a dna extraction assay for sensitive and reliable quantification of acetic acid bacteria directly in red wine using real time pcr. | although strategies exist to prevent aab contamination, the increased interest for wines with low sulfite addition leads to greater aab spoilage. hence, there is a real need for a rapid, specific, sensitive, and reliable method for detecting these spoilage bacteria. all these requirements are met by real time polymerase chain reaction (or quantitative pcr; qpcr). here, we compare existing methods of isolating dna and their adaptation to a red wine matrix. two different protocols for isolating dn ... | 2016 | 27313572 |
| partial venom gland transcriptome of a drosophila parasitoid wasp, leptopilina heterotoma, reveals novel and shared bioactive profiles with stinging hymenoptera. | analysis of natural host-parasite relationships reveals the evolutionary forces that shape the delicate and unique specificity characteristic of such interactions. the accessory long gland-reservoir complex of the wasp leptopilina heterotoma (figitidae) produces venom with virus-like particles. upon delivery, venom components delay host larval development and completely block host immune responses. the host range of this drosophila endoparasitoid notably includes the highly-studied model organis ... | 2013 | 23688557 |
| microbial community structure of three traditional zambian fermented products: mabisi, chibwantu and munkoyo. | around the world, raw materials are converted into fermented food products through microbial and enzymatic activity. products are typically produced using a process known as batch culture, where small volumes of an old culture are used to initiate a fresh culture. repeated over many years, and provided samples are not shared among producers, batch culture techniques allow for the natural evolution of independent microbial ecosystems. while these products form an important part of the diets of ma ... | 2013 | 23691123 |
| the microbiology of malting and brewing. | brewing beer involves microbial activity at every stage, from raw material production and malting to stability in the package. most of these activities are desirable, as beer is the result of a traditional food fermentation, but others represent threats to the quality of the final product and must be controlled actively through careful management, the daily task of maltsters and brewers globally. this review collates current knowledge relevant to the biology of brewing yeast, fermentation manage ... | 2013 | 23699253 |
| bacteria isolated from korean black raspberry vinegar with low biogenic amine production in wine. | a high concentration of histamine, one of the biogenic amines (bas) usually found in fermented foods, can cause undesirable physiological side effects in sensitive humans. the objective of this study is to isolate indigenous acetobacter strains from naturally fermented bokbunja vinegar in korea with reduced histamine production during starter fermentation. further, we examined its physiological and biochemical properties, including ba synthesis. the obtained strain mba-77, identified as acetobac ... | 2016 | 26991285 |
| 16s rrna in situ hybridization followed by flow cytometry for rapid identification of acetic acid bacteria involved in submerged industrial vinegar production. | acetic acid bacteria are involved in many biotechnological processes such as vitamin c, gluconic acid, miglitol or acetic acid production, and others. for a technologist trying to control the industrial process, the ability to follow the microbiological development of the process is thus of importance. during the past few years hybridization in a combination with flow cytometry has often been used for this purpose. since vinegar is a liquid, it is an ideal matrix for flow cytometry analysis. in ... | 2016 | 27904400 |
| antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the beverage obtained by fermentation of sweetened lemon balm
(melissa officinalis l.) tea with symbiotic consortium
of bacteria and yeasts. | kombucha is a fermented tea beverage which is traditionally prepared by fermenting sweetened black or green tea (camellia sinensis l.) with symbiotic consortium of bacteria and yeasts (scoby). in this study, lemon balm (melissa officinalis l.) was used as the only nitrogen source for kombucha fermentation. during the seven-day fermentation process, ph value, titratable acidity (ta), total phenolic content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity against hydroxyl (˙oh) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-pic ... | 2014 | 27904315 |
| comparison of cultivable acetic acid bacterial microbiota in organic and conventional apple cider vinegar. | organic apple cider vinegar is produced from apples that go through very restricted treatment in orchard. during the first stage of the process, the sugars from apples are fermented by yeasts to cider. the produced ethanol is used as a substrate by acetic acid bacteria in a second separated bioprocess. in both, the organic and conventional apple cider vinegars the ethanol oxidation to acetic acid is initiated by native microbiota that survived alcohol fermentation. we compared the cultivable ace ... | 2016 | 27904401 |
| the key to acetate: metabolic fluxes of acetic acid bacteria under cocoa pulp fermentation-simulating conditions. | acetic acid bacteria (aab) play an important role during cocoa fermentation, as their main product, acetate, is a major driver for the development of the desired cocoa flavors. here, we investigated the specialized metabolism of these bacteria under cocoa pulp fermentation-simulating conditions. a carefully designed combination of parallel 13c isotope labeling experiments allowed the elucidation of intracellular fluxes in the complex environment of cocoa pulp, when lactate and ethanol were inclu ... | 2014 | 24837393 |
| gqqa, a novel protein in komagataeibacter europaeus involved in bacterial quorum quenching and cellulose formation. | we report on the functional screening and identification of an active quorum quenching (qq) gene in the komagataeibacter europaeus strain cect 8546, which is a member of the acetic acid bacteria (aab). | 2016 | 27221658 |
| bacterial cocaine esterase: a protein-based therapy for cocaine overdose and addiction. | cocaine is highly addictive and there are no pharmacotherapeutic drugs available to treat acute cocaine toxicity or chronic abuse. antagonizing an inhibitor such as cocaine using a small molecule has proven difficult. the alternative approach is to modify cocaine's pharmacokinetic properties by sequestering or hydrolyzing it in serum and limiting access to its sites of action. we took advantage of a bacterial esterase (coce) that has evolved to hydrolyze cocaine and have developed it as a therap ... | 2012 | 22300094 |
| draft genome sequence of acetobacter aceti strain 1023, a vinegar factory isolate. | the genome sequence of acetobacter aceti 1023, an acetic acid bacterium adapted to traditional vinegar fermentation, comprises 3.0 mb (chromosome plus plasmids). a. aceti 1023 is closely related to the cocoa fermenter acetobacter pasteurianus 386b but possesses many additional insertion sequence elements. | 2014 | 24903876 |
| effects of growth medium on matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectra: a case study of acetic acid bacteria. | the effect of the growth medium used on the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectra generated and its consequences for species and strain level differentiation of acetic acid bacteria (aab) were determined by using a set of 25 strains. the strains were grown on five different culture media that yielded a total of more than 600 mass spectra, including technical and biological replicates. the results demonstrate that the culture medium can have a profoun ... | 2014 | 24362425 |
| alpinia calcarata roscoe: a potential phytopharmacological source of natural medicine. | alpinia calcarata roscoe (family: zingiberaceae), is a rhizomatous perennial herb, which is commonly used in the traditional medicinal systems in sri lanka. alpinia calcarata is cultivated in tropical countries, including sri lanka, india, and malaysia. experimentally, rhizomes of alpinia calcarata are shown to possess antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, gastroprotective, and antidiabetic activities. phytochemical screening revea ... | 2015 | 26009694 |
| reconciling differences in pool-gwas between populations: a case study of female abdominal pigmentation in drosophila melanogaster. | the degree of concordance between populations in the genetic architecture of a given trait is an important issue in medical and evolutionary genetics. here, we address this problem, using a replicated pooled genome-wide association study approach (pool-gwas) to compare the genetic basis of variation in abdominal pigmentation in female european and south african drosophila melanogaster. we find that, in both the european and the south african flies, variants near the tan and bric-à-brac 1 (bab1) ... | 2015 | 26715669 |
| global insights into acetic acid resistance mechanisms and genetic stability of acetobacter pasteurianus strains by comparative genomics. | acetobacter pasteurianus (ap) cicc 20001 and cgmcc 1.41 are two acetic acid bacteria strains that, because of their strong abilities to produce and tolerate high concentrations of acetic acid, have been widely used to brew vinegar in china. to globally understand the fermentation characteristics, acid-tolerant mechanisms and genetic stabilities, their genomes were sequenced. genomic comparisons with 9 other sequenced ap strains revealed that their chromosomes were evolutionarily conserved, where ... | 2015 | 26691589 |
| a comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of a hyperosmotic stress sensitive α-proteobacterium. | with the aim of remaining viable, bacteria must deal with changes in environmental conditions, including increases in external osmolarity. while studies concerning bacterial response to this stress condition have focused on soil, marine and enteric species, this report is about caulobacter crescentus, a species inhabiting freshwater oligotrophic habitats. | 2015 | 25879753 |
| combined fluxomics and transcriptomics analysis of glucose catabolism via a partially cyclic pentose phosphate pathway in gluconobacter oxydans 621h. | in this study, the distribution and regulation of periplasmic and cytoplasmic carbon fluxes in gluconobacter oxydans 621h with glucose were studied by (13)c-based metabolic flux analysis ((13)c-mfa) in combination with transcriptomics and enzyme assays. for (13)c-mfa, cells were cultivated with specifically (13)c-labeled glucose, and intracellular metabolites were analyzed for their labeling pattern by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms). in growth phase i, 90% of the glucose was oxi ... | 2013 | 23377928 |
| oasis: an automated program for global investigation of bacterial and archaeal insertion sequences. | insertion sequences (iss) are simple transposable elements present in most bacterial and archaeal genomes and play an important role in genomic evolution. the recent expansion of sequenced genomes offers the opportunity to study iss comprehensively, but this requires efficient and accurate tools for is annotation. we have developed an open-source program called oasis, or optimized annotation system for insertion sequences, which automatically annotates iss within sequenced genomes. oasis annotat ... | 2012 | 22904081 |
| plasmids of carotenoid-producing paracoccus spp. (alphaproteobacteria) - structure, diversity and evolution. | plasmids are components of many bacterial genomes. they enable the spread of a large pool of genetic information via lateral gene transfer. many bacterial strains contain mega-sized replicons and these are particularly common in alphaproteobacteria. considerably less is known about smaller alphaproteobacterial plasmids. we analyzed the genomes of 14 such plasmids residing in 4 multireplicon carotenoid-producing strains of the genus paracoccus (alphaproteobacteria): p. aestuarii dsm 19484, p. hae ... | 2013 | 24260361 |
| gut-associated microbes of drosophila melanogaster. | there is growing interest in using drosophila melanogaster to elucidate mechanisms that underlie the complex relationships between a host and its microbiota. in addition to the many genetic resources and tools drosophila provides, its associated microbiota is relatively simple (1-30 taxa), in contrast to the complex diversity associated with vertebrates (> 500 taxa). these attributes highlight the potential of this system to dissect the complex cellular and molecular interactions that occur betw ... | 2012 | 22572876 |
| bacterial ecology of fermented cucumber rising ph spoilage as determined by nonculture-based methods. | fermented cucumber spoilage (fcs) characterized by rising ph and the appearance of manure- and cheese-like aromas is a challenge of significant economical impact for the pickling industry. previous culture-based studies identified the yeasts pichia manshurica and issatchenkia occidentalis, 4 gram-positive bacteria, lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus parrafaraginis, clostridium sp., and propionibacterium and 1 gram-negative genus, pectinatus, as relevant in various stages of fcs given their ab ... | 2015 | 26605993 |
| bacterial ecology of fermented cucumber rising ph spoilage as determined by nonculture-based methods. | fermented cucumber spoilage (fcs) characterized by rising ph and the appearance of manure- and cheese-like aromas is a challenge of significant economical impact for the pickling industry. previous culture-based studies identified the yeasts pichia manshurica and issatchenkia occidentalis, 4 gram-positive bacteria, lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus parrafaraginis, clostridium sp., and propionibacterium and 1 gram-negative genus, pectinatus, as relevant in various stages of fcs given their ab ... | 2015 | 26605993 |
| ethanol production in brazil: a bridge between science and industry. | in the last 40 years, several scientific and technological advances in microbiology of the fermentation have greatly contributed to evolution of the ethanol industry in brazil. these contributions have increased our view and comprehension about fermentations in the first and, more recently, second-generation ethanol. nowadays, new technologies are available to produce ethanol from sugarcane, corn and other feedstocks, reducing the off-season period. better control of fermentation conditions can ... | 2016 | 27818090 |
| milk kefir: composition, microbial cultures, biological activities, and related products. | in recent years, there has been a strong focus on beneficial foods with probiotic microorganisms and functional organic substances. in this context, there is an increasing interest in the commercial use of kefir, since it can be marketed as a natural beverage that has health promoting bacteria. there are numerous commercially available kefir based-products. kefir may act as a matrix in the effective delivery of probiotic microorganisms in different types of products. also, the presence of kefir' ... | 2015 | 26579086 |
| interkingdom gene transfer may contribute to the evolution of phytopathogenicity in botrytis cinerea. | the ascomycete botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus infecting and causing significant yield losses in a number of crops. the genome of b. cinerea has been fully sequenced while the importance of horizontal gene transfer (hgt) to extend the host range in plant pathogenic fungi has been recently appreciated. however, recent data confirm that the b. cinerea fungus shares conserved virulence factors with other fungal plant pathogens with narrow host range. therefore, interkingdom hgt may con ... | 2012 | 22346340 |
| evidence for a key role of cytochrome bo3 oxidase in respiratory energy metabolism of gluconobacter oxydans. | the obligatory aerobic acetic acid bacterium gluconobacter oxydans oxidizes a variety of substrates in the periplasm by membrane-bound dehydrogenases, which transfer the reducing equivalents to ubiquinone. two quinol oxidases, cytochrome bo3 and cytochrome bd, then catalyze transfer of the electrons from ubiquinol to molecular oxygen. in this study, mutants lacking either of these terminal oxidases were characterized. deletion of the cydab genes for cytochrome bd had no obvious influence on grow ... | 2013 | 23852873 |
| identification and characterization of three novel lipases belonging to families ii and v from anaerovibrio lipolyticus 5st. | following the isolation, cultivation and characterization of the rumen bacterium anaerovibrio lipolyticus in the 1960s, it has been recognized as one of the major species involved in lipid hydrolysis in ruminant animals. however, there has been limited characterization of the lipases from the bacterium, despite the importance of understanding lipolysis and its impact on subsequent biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by rumen microbes. this study describes the draft genome of anaerovi ... | 2013 | 23950883 |
| microbe-dependent and nonspecific effects of procedures to eliminate the resident microbiota from drosophila melanogaster. | comparisons of animals bearing and lacking microorganisms can offer valuable insight into the interactions between animal hosts and their resident microbiota. most hosts are naturally infected, and therefore, these comparisons require specific procedures (e.g., antibiotic treatment or physical exclusion of microorganisms) to disrupt the microbiota, but the potential for confounding nonspecific effects of the procedure on the traits of the host exists. microbe-dependent and nonspecific effects ca ... | 2013 | 23475620 |
| draft genome sequence of dihydroxyacetone-producing gluconobacter thailandicus strain nbrc 3255. | here, we report the draft genome sequence of the acetic acid bacterium glucnobacter thailandicus strain nbrc 3255. the draft genome sequence is composed of 109 contigs in 3,305,227 bp and contains 3,225 protein-coding genes. two paralogous sets of sldab operons, which are responsible for dihydroxyacetone production from glycerol, were identified. | 2013 | 23580707 |
| comparative genomic analysis of the microbiome [corrected] of herbivorous insects reveals eco-environmental adaptations: biotechnology applications. | metagenome analysis of the gut symbionts of three different insects was conducted as a means of comparing taxonomic and metabolic diversity of gut microbiomes to diet and life history of the insect hosts. a second goal was the discovery of novel biocatalysts for biorefinery applications. grasshopper and cutworm gut symbionts were sequenced and compared with the previously identified metagenome of termite gut microbiota. these insect hosts represent three different insect orders and specialize on ... | 2013 | 23326236 |
| p2cs: updates of the prokaryotic two-component systems database. | the p2cs database (http://www.p2cs.org/) is a comprehensive resource for the analysis of prokaryotic two-component systems (tcss). tcss are comprised of a receptor histidine kinase (hk) and a partner response regulator (rr) and control important prokaryotic behaviors. the latest incarnation of p2cs includes 164,651 tcs proteins, from 2758 sequenced prokaryotic genomes. several important new features have been added to p2cs since it was last described. users can search p2cs via blast, adding hits ... | 2014 | 25324303 |
| p2cs: updates of the prokaryotic two-component systems database. | the p2cs database (http://www.p2cs.org/) is a comprehensive resource for the analysis of prokaryotic two-component systems (tcss). tcss are comprised of a receptor histidine kinase (hk) and a partner response regulator (rr) and control important prokaryotic behaviors. the latest incarnation of p2cs includes 164,651 tcs proteins, from 2758 sequenced prokaryotic genomes. several important new features have been added to p2cs since it was last described. users can search p2cs via blast, adding hits ... | 2014 | 25324303 |
| microbiota-induced changes in drosophila melanogaster host gene expression and gut morphology. | to elucidate mechanisms underlying the complex relationships between a host and its microbiota, we used the genetically tractable model drosophila melanogaster. consistent with previous studies, the microbiota was simple in composition and diversity. however, analysis of single flies revealed high interfly variability that correlated with differences in feeding. to understand the effects of this simple and variable consortium, we compared the transcriptome of guts from conventionally reared flie ... | 2014 | 24865556 |
| engineering escherichia coli to convert acetic acid to β-caryophyllene. | under aerobic conditions, acetic acid is the major byproduct produced by e. coli during the fermentation. and acetic acid is detrimental to cell growth as it destroys transmembrane ph gradients. hence, how to reduce the production of acetic acid and how to utilize it as a feedstock are of intriguing interest. in this study, we provided an evidence to produce β-caryophyllene by the engineered e. coli using acetic acid as the only carbon source. | 2016 | 27149950 |
| pyrosequencing analysis of the microbial diversity of airag, khoormog and tarag, traditional fermented dairy products of mongolia. | here, we used pyrosequencing to obtain a detailed analysis of the microbial diversities of traditional fermented dairy products of mongolia. from 22 airag (fermented mare's milk), 5 khoormog (fermented camel's milk) and 26 tarag (fermented milk of cows, goats and yaks) samples collected in the mongolian provinces of arhangai, bulgan, dundgobi, tov, uburhangai and umnugobi, we obtained a total of 81 operational taxonomic units, which were assigned to 15 families, 21 genera and 41 species in 3 phy ... | 2014 | 25003019 |
| oxidation of metabolites highlights the microbial interactions and role of acetobacter pasteurianus during cocoa bean fermentation. | four cocoa-specific acetic acid bacterium (aab) strains, namely, acetobacter pasteurianus 386b, acetobacter ghanensis lmg 23848(t), acetobacter fabarum lmg 24244(t), and acetobacter senegalensis 108b, were analyzed kinetically and metabolically during monoculture laboratory fermentations. a cocoa pulp simulation medium (cpsm) for aab, containing ethanol, lactic acid, and mannitol, was used. all aab strains differed in their ethanol and lactic acid oxidation kinetics, whereby only a. pasteurianus ... | 2014 | 24413595 |
| experimental evolution reveals habitat-specific fitness dynamics among wolbachia clades in drosophila melanogaster. | the diversity and infection dynamics of the endosymbiont wolbachia can be influenced by many factors, such as transmission rate, cytoplasmic incompatibility, environment, selection and genetic drift. the interplay of these factors in natural populations can result in heterogeneous infection patterns with substantial differences between populations and strains. the causes of these heterogeneities are not yet understood, partly due to the complexity of natural environments. we present experimental ... | 2014 | 24387805 |
| acetic acid bacteria and the production and quality of wine vinegar. | the production of vinegar depends on an oxidation process that is mainly performed by acetic acid bacteria. despite the different methods of vinegar production (more or less designated as either "fast" or "traditional"), the use of pure starter cultures remains far from being a reality. uncontrolled mixed cultures are normally used, but this review proposes the use of controlled mixed cultures. the acetic acid bacteria species determine the quality of vinegar, although the final quality is a com ... | 2014 | 24574887 |
| reconciling differences in pool-gwas between populations: a case study of female abdominal pigmentation in drosophila melanogaster. | the degree of concordance between populations in the genetic architecture of a given trait is an important issue in medical and evolutionary genetics. here, we address this problem, using a replicated pooled genome-wide association study approach (pool-gwas) to compare the genetic basis of variation in abdominal pigmentation in female european and south african drosophila melanogaster. we find that, in both the european and the south african flies, variants near the tan and bric-à-brac 1 (bab1) ... | 2015 | 26715669 |
| the impact of yeast starter cultures on the microbial communities and volatile compounds in cocoa fermentation and the resulting sensory attributes of chocolate. | theobroma cacao seeds are the main raw material for chocolate production. during their fermentation, a succession of microorganisms are responsible for the physicochemical changes occurring in the pulp and inside the beans. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of yeast inoculation (saccharomyces cerevisiae ufla ca11, pichia kluivery ccma0237, and hanseniaspora uvarum ccma0236) on the profile of the volatile compounds and microbial communities in cocoa fermentation. the resulting ... | 2015 | 27162390 |
| the impact of yeast starter cultures on the microbial communities and volatile compounds in cocoa fermentation and the resulting sensory attributes of chocolate. | theobroma cacao seeds are the main raw material for chocolate production. during their fermentation, a succession of microorganisms are responsible for the physicochemical changes occurring in the pulp and inside the beans. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of yeast inoculation (saccharomyces cerevisiae ufla ca11, pichia kluivery ccma0237, and hanseniaspora uvarum ccma0236) on the profile of the volatile compounds and microbial communities in cocoa fermentation. the resulting ... | 2015 | 27162390 |
| comparative genome analysis of the candidate functional starter culture strains lactobacillus fermentum 222 and lactobacillus plantarum 80 for controlled cocoa bean fermentation processes. | lactobacillus fermentum 222 and lactobacillus plantarum 80, isolates from a spontaneous ghanaian cocoa bean fermentation process, proved to be interesting functional starter culture strains for cocoa bean fermentations. lactobacillus fermentum 222 is a thermotolerant strain, able to dominate the fermentation process, thereby converting citrate and producing mannitol. lactobacillus plantarum 80 is an acid-tolerant and facultative heterofermentative strain that is competitive during cocoa bean fer ... | 2015 | 26459565 |
| variable active site loop conformations accommodate the binding of macrocyclic largazole analogues to hdac8. | the macrocyclic depsipeptide largazole is a potent inhibitor of metal-dependent histone deacetylases (hdacs), some of which are drug targets for cancer chemotherapy. indeed, largazole partially resembles romidepsin (fk228), a macrocyclic depsipeptide already approved for clinical use. each inhibitor contains a pendant side chain thiol that coordinates to the active site zn(2+) ion, as observed in the x-ray crystal structure of the hdac8-largazole complex [cole, k. e., dowling, d. p., boone, m. a ... | 2015 | 25793284 |
| the oxidative fermentation of ethanol in gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a two-step pathway catalyzed by a single enzyme: alcohol-aldehyde dehydrogenase (adha). | gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a n2-fixing bacterium endophyte from sugar cane. the oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid of this organism takes place in the periplasmic space, and this reaction is catalyzed by two membrane-bound enzymes complexes: the alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) and the aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh). we present strong evidence showing that the well-known membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase (adha) of ga. diazotrophicus is indeed a double function enzyme, which is able to use ... | 2015 | 25574602 |
| stable host gene expression in the gut of adult drosophila melanogaster with different bacterial mono-associations. | there is growing evidence that the microbes found in the digestive tracts of animals influence host biology, but we still do not understand how they accomplish this. here, we evaluated how different microbial species commonly associated with laboratory-reared drosophila melanogaster impact host biology at the level of gene expression in the dissected adult gut and in the entire adult organism. we observed that guts from animals associated from the embryonic stage with either zero, one or three b ... | 2016 | 27898741 |
| whole-genome sequence analysis of bombella intestini lmg 28161t, a novel acetic acid bacterium isolated from the crop of a red-tailed bumble bee, bombus lapidarius. | the whole-genome sequence of bombella intestini lmg 28161t, an endosymbiotic acetic acid bacterium (aab) occurring in bumble bees, was determined to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying its metabolic capabilities. the draft genome sequence of b. intestini lmg 28161t was 2.02 mb. metabolic carbohydrate pathways were in agreement with the metabolite analyses of fermentation experiments and revealed its oxidative capacity towards sucrose, d-glucose, d-fructose and d-mannitol, but not eth ... | 2016 | 27851750 |
| frequent replenishment sustains the beneficial microbiome of drosophila melanogaster. | we report that establishment and maintenance of the drosophila melanogaster microbiome depend on ingestion of bacteria. frequent transfer of flies to sterile food prevented establishment of the microbiome in newly emerged flies and reduced the predominant members, acetobacter and lactobacillus spp., by 10- to 1,000-fold in older flies. flies with a normal microbiome were less susceptible than germfree flies to infection by serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa. augmentation of the norma ... | 2013 | 24194543 |
| effects of ensiling fermentation and aerobic deterioration on the bacterial community in italian ryegrass, guinea grass, and whole-crop maize silages stored at high moisture content. | the effects of storage period and aerobic deterioration on the bacterial community were examined in italian ryegrass (ir), guinea grass (gg), and whole-crop maize (wm) silages. direct-cut forages were stored in a laboratory silo for 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 120 d without any additives; live counts, content of fermentation products, and characteristics of the bacterial community were determined. 2,3-butanediol, acetic acid, and lactic acid were the dominant fermentation products in the ir, gg, and w ... | 2013 | 25049913 |
| comparative genomics of acetobacterpasteurianus ab3, an acetic acid producing strain isolated from chinese traditional rice vinegar meiguichu. | acetobacter pasteurianus, an acetic acid resistant bacterium belonging to alpha-proteobacteria, has been widely used to produce vinegar in the food industry. to understand the mechanism of its high tolerance to acetic acid and robust ability of oxidizing ethanol to acetic acid (> 12%, w/v), we described the 3.1 mb complete genome sequence (including 0.28 m plasmid sequence) with a g+c content of 52.4% of a. pasteurianus ab3, which was isolated from the traditional chinese rice vinegar (meiguichu ... | 2016 | 27611790 |
| ancestral population reconstitution from isofemale lines as a tool for experimental evolution. | experimental evolution is a powerful tool to study adaptation under controlled conditions. laboratory natural selection experiments mimic adaptation in the wild with better-adapted genotypes having more offspring. because the selected traits are frequently not known, adaptation is typically measured as fitness increase by comparing evolved populations against an unselected reference population maintained in a laboratory environment. with adaptation to the laboratory conditions and genetic drift, ... | 2016 | 27895897 |
| crystal structure of pyruvate decarboxylase from zymobacter palmae. | pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc; ec 4.1.1.1) is a thiamine pyrophosphate- and mg(2+) ion-dependent enzyme that catalyses the non-oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide. it is rare in bacteria, but is a key enzyme in homofermentative metabolism, where ethanol is the major product. here, the previously unreported crystal structure of the bacterial pyruvate decarboxylase from zymobacter palmae is presented. the crystals were shown to diffract to 2.15 å resolution. they ... | 2016 | 27599861 |
| comparative evaluation of the genomes of three common drosophila-associated bacteria. | drosophila melanogaster is an excellent model to explore the molecular exchanges that occur between an animal intestine and associated microbes. previous studies in drosophila uncovered a sophisticated web of host responses to intestinal bacteria. the outcomes of these responses define critical events in the host, such as the establishment of immune responses, access to nutrients, and the rate of larval development. despite our steady march towards illuminating the host machinery that responds t ... | 2016 | 27493201 |
| fermented foods: are they tasty medicines for helicobacter pylori associated peptic ulcer and gastric cancer? | more than a million people die every year due to gastric cancer and peptic ulcer. helicobacter pylori infection in stomach is the most important reason for these diseases. interestingly, only 10-20% of the h. pylori infected individuals suffer from these gastric diseases and rest of the infected individuals remain asymptomatic. the genotypes of h. pylori, host genetic background, lifestyle including smoking and diet may determine clinical outcomes. people from different geographical regions have ... | 2016 | 27504109 |
| draft genome sequence of acetobacter malorum cect 7742, a strain isolated from strawberry vinegar. | the present article reports the draft genome sequence of the strain acetobacter malorum cect 7742, an acetic acid bacterium isolated from strawberry vinegar. this species is characterized by the production of d-gluconic acid from d-glucose, which it further metabolizes to keto-d-gluconic acids. | 2016 | 27340078 |
| combination of deep eutectic solvent and ionic liquid to improve biocatalytic reduction of 2-octanone with acetobacter pasteurianus gim1.158 cell. | the efficient anti-prelog asymmetric reduction of 2-octanone with acetobacter pasteurianus gim1.158 cells was successfully performed in a biphasic system consisting of deep eutectic solvent (des) and water-immiscible ionic liquid (il). various dess exerted different effects on the synthesis of (r)-2-octanol. choline chloride/ethylene glycol (chcl/eg) exhibited good biocompatibility and could moderately increase the cell membrane permeability thus leading to the better results. adding chcl/eg inc ... | 2016 | 27185089 |
| genomic analysis unravels reduced inorganic sulfur compound oxidation of heterotrophic acidophilic acidicaldus sp. strain dx-1. | although reduced inorganic sulfur compound (risc) oxidation in many chemolithoautotrophic sulfur oxidizers has been investigated in recent years, there is little information about risc oxidation in heterotrophic acidophiles. in this study, acidicaldus sp. strain dx-1, a heterotrophic sulfur-oxidizing acidophile, was isolated. its genome was sequenced and then used for comparative genomics. furthermore, real-time quantitative pcr was performed to identify the expression of genes involved in the r ... | 2016 | 27239474 |
| microbial community, and biochemical and physiological properties of korean traditional black raspberry (robus coreanus miquel) vinegar. | the aim of this study was to elucidate the changes in microbial community and biochemical and physiological properties of traditional muju black raspberry (robus coreanus miquel) vinegar (tmbv) during fermentation by culture-independent methods. | 2016 | 26676481 |
| accurate binning of metagenomic contigs via automated clustering sequences using information of genomic signatures and marker genes. | metagenomics, the application of shotgun sequencing, facilitates the reconstruction of the genomes of individual species from natural environments. a major challenge in the genome recovery domain is to agglomerate or 'bin' sequences assembled from metagenomic reads into individual groups. metagenomic binning without consideration of reference sequences enables the comprehensive discovery of new microbial organisms and aids in the microbial genome reconstruction process. here we present mycc, an ... | 2016 | 27067514 |
| cocobiota: implications for human health. | manufacturing of dark chocolate and other cocoa-based products is a complex multistage process beginning with spontaneous cocoa bean fermentation driven in the postharvest period by different microorganisms derived from the environment. cocobiota defined as the association of microbial species involved in cocoa bean fermentation may have considerable impact on the medicinal properties of cocoa products via various primary and secondary metabolites, whose presence in dark chocolate and other coco ... | 2016 | 27144019 |
| lvtree viewer: an interactive display for the all-species living tree incorporating automatic comparison with prokaryotic systematics. | we describe an interactive viewer for the all-species living tree (lvtree). the viewer incorporates treeing and lineage information from the arb-silva website. it allows collapsing the tree branches at different taxonomic ranks and expanding the collapsed branches as well, keeping the overall topology of the tree unchanged. it also enables the user to observe the consequence of trial lineage modifications by re-collapsing the tree. the system reports taxon statistics at all ranks automatically a ... | 2016 | 27018315 |
| tuning chocolate flavor through development of thermotolerant saccharomyces cerevisiae starter cultures with increased acetate ester production. | microbial starter cultures have extensively been used to enhance the consistency and efficiency of industrial fermentations. despite the advantages of such controlled fermentations, the fermentation involved in the production of chocolate is still a spontaneous process that relies on the natural microbiota at cocoa farms. however, recent studies indicate that certain thermotolerant saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures can be used as starter cultures for cocoa pulp fermentation. in this study, we in ... | 2016 | 26590272 |
| acetobacter malorum and acetobacter cerevisiae identification and quantification by real-time pcr with taqman-mgb probes. | the identification and quantification of acetobacter malorum and acetobacter cerevisiae in wine and vinegar were performed using the real-time pcr (rt-pcr) with two taqman-mgb probes designed to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (its) region between the 16s-23s rrna genes. the primers and probes were highly specific, with a detection limit of 10² cells/ml for both species, and the efficiency of the technique was >80%. the rt-pcr technique with these two new taqman-mgb probes, together with ... | 2013 | 23764217 |
| enzymes responsible for acetate oxidation by acetic acid bacteria. | several acetic acid bacteria of the genus acetobacter oxidize much acetate oxidation, which is not desired in vinegar manufacturing. acetobacter rancens sku 1111, a strong acetate oxidant, grew rapidly with a biphasic growth curve while consuming acetate in the second growth phase. acetobacter aceti ifo 3284 did not show extensive acetate oxidation. addition of glycerol to the culture medium of acetobacter rancens sku 1111 increased acetate oxidation and resulted in more biomass in the second gr ... | 1999 | 27373914 |
| numerical analysis of phenotypic features and protein gel electrophoregrams of a wide variety of acetobacter strains. proposal for the improvement of the taxonomy of the genus acetobacter beijerinck 1898, 215. | ninety-eight strains, representing all acetobacter species and subspecies from the approved lists of bacterial names (skerman et al., 1980), were examined in a numerical analysis of 177 phenotypic features and compared to ninety-eight gluconobacter and seven frateuria strains. four phenons could be delineated, corresponding to frateuria (phenon 1), a. aceti subsp. liquefaciens (phenon 2), gluconobacter (phenon 3) and acetobacter minus a. aceti subsp. liquefaciens (phenon 4). acetobacter, frateur ... | 1983 | 23194734 |
| high-throughput identification of the microbial biodiversity of cocoa bean fermentation by maldi-tof ms. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is a powerful biotyping tool increasingly used for high-throughput identification of clinical microbial isolates, however, in food fermentation research this approach is still not well established. this study examines the microbial biodiversity of cocoa bean fermentation based on the isolation of micro-organisms in cocoa-producing regions, followed by maldi-tof ms in switzerland. a preceding 6-week storag ... | 2016 | 27454854 |
| hanseniaspora opuntiae, saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus fermentum, and acetobacter pasteurianus predominate during well-performed malaysian cocoa bean box fermentations, underlining the importance of these microbial species for a successful cocoa bean fermentation process. | two spontaneous malaysian cocoa bean box fermentations (one farm, two plantation plots) were investigated. physical parameters, microbial community dynamics, yeast and bacterial species diversity [mainly lactic acid bacteria (lab) and acetic acid bacteria (aab)], and metabolite kinetics were monitored, and chocolates were produced from the respective fermented dry cocoa beans. similar microbial growth and metabolite profiles were obtained for the two fermentations. low concentrations of citric a ... | 2013 | 23664257 |
| molecular identification and physiological characterization of yeasts, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria isolated from heap and box cocoa bean fermentations in west africa. | yeast, lactic acid bacteria (lab) and acetic acid bacteria (aab) populations, isolated from cocoa bean heap and box fermentations in west africa, have been investigated. the fermentation dynamicswere determined by viable counts, and 106 yeasts, 105 lab and 82 aab isolateswere identified by means of rep-pcr grouping and sequencing of the rrna genes. during the box fermentations, the most abundant species were saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida ethanolica, lactobacillus fermentum, lactobacillus pla ... | 2016 | 26425801 |
| characterization of newly identified dnaa and dnab proteins from acetobacter. | although chromosomal replication is an essential feature of the bacterial life cycle, the replication mechanism and involved molecular players have never been properly characterized in the acetobacter genera. thanks to whole-genome sequencing, the unknown replication proteins from acetobacter pasteurianus and acetobacter orleanensis, dnaa-like and dnab-like, could be identified. despite the low nucleotide or amino acid similarity to the respective orthologs from escherichia coli, their involveme ... | 2016 | 27404460 |
| fermentation process for production of apple-based kefir vinegar: microbiological, chemical and sensory analysis. | the aim of this study was to develop a kefir apple-based vinegar and evaluate this fermentation process using new methodology with biospeckle laser. brazilian kefir grains were inoculated in apple must for vinegar production. in this study, the microbial community present in kefir, and correspondent vinegar, was investigated using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization - time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) technique. saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus paracasei, lactobacill ... | 2017 | 28283415 |
| microbial succession and flavor production in the fermented dairy beverage kefir. | kefir is a putatively health-promoting dairy beverage that is produced when a kefir grain, consisting of a consortium of microorganisms, is added to milk to initiate a natural fermentation. here, a detailed analysis was carried out to determine how the microbial population, gene content, and flavor of three kefirs from distinct geographic locations change over the course of 24-h fermentations. metagenomic sequencing revealed that lactobacillus kefiranofaciens was the dominant bacterial species i ... | 2016 | 27822552 |
| complete genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of the thermotolerant acetic acid bacterium, acetobacter pasteurianus sku1108, provide a new insight into thermotolerance. | acetobacter pasteurianus sku1108 is a typical thermotolerant acetic acid bacterium. in this study, the complete genome sequence of the sku1108 strain was elucidated, and information on genomic modifications due to the thermal adaptation of sku1108 was updated. in order to obtain a clearer understanding of the genetic background responsible for thermotolerance, the sku1108 genome was compared with those of two closely related complete genome strains, thermotolerant a. pasteurianus 386b and mesoph ... | 2016 | 27667143 |
| suitability of different mapping algorithms for genome-wide polymorphism scans with pool-seq data. | the cost-effectiveness of sequencing pools of individuals (pool-seq) provides the basis for the popularity and wide-spread use of this method for many research questions, ranging from unravelling the genetic basis of complex traits to the clonal evolution of cancer cells. because the accuracy of pool-seq could be affected by many potential sources of error, several studies determined, for example, the influence of the sequencing technology, the library preparation protocol, and mapping parameter ... | 2016 | 27613752 |
| a perspective study of koumiss microbiome by metagenomics analysis based on single-cell amplification technique. | koumiss is a traditional fermented dairy product and a good source for isolating novel bacteria with biotechnology potential. in the present study, we applied the single-cell amplification technique in the metagenomics analysis of koumiss. this approach aimed at detecting the low-abundant bacteria in the koumiss. briefly, each sample was first serially diluted until reaching the level of approximately 100 cells. then, three diluted bacterial suspensions were randomly picked for further study. by ... | 2017 | 28223973 |
| new insights into the mechanisms of acetic acid resistance in acetobacter pasteurianus using itraq-dependent quantitative proteomic analysis. | acetobacter pasteurianus is the main starter in rice vinegar manufacturing due to its remarkable abilities to resist and produce acetic acid. although several mechanisms of acetic acid resistance have been proposed and only a few effector proteins have been identified, a comprehensive depiction of the biological processes involved in acetic acid resistance is needed. in this study, itraq-based quantitative proteomic analysis was adopted to investigate the whole proteome of different acidic titer ... | 2016 | 27681379 |
| characterization of a novel d-glycero-d-talo-oct-2-ulosonic acid-substituted lipid a moiety in the lipopolysaccharide produced by the acetic acid bacterium acetobacter pasteurianus nbrc 3283. | acetobacter pasteurianus is an aerobic gram-negative rod that is used in the fermentation process used to produce the traditional japanese black rice vinegar kurozu. previously, we found that a hydrophobic fraction derived from kurozu stimulates toll-like receptors to produce cytokines. lpss, particularly lps from a. pasteurianus, are strong candidates for the immunostimulatory component of kurozu. the lps of a. pasteurianus remains stable in acidic conditions during the 2 years of the abovement ... | 2016 | 27539854 |
| regio- and stereoselective aliphatic-aromatic cross-benzoin reaction: enzymatic divergent catalysis. | the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of chiral 2-hydroxy ketones by using different thiamine diphosphate dependent enzymes, namely benzaldehyde lyase from pseudomonas fluorescens (pfbal), a variant of benzoylformate decarboxylase from pseudomonas putida (ppbfd-l461a), branched-chain 2-keto acid decarboxylase from lactococcus lactis (llkdca) and a variant of pyruvate decarboxylase from acetobacter pasteurianus (appdc-e469g), was studied. starting with the same set of substrates, substituted benzald ... | 2016 | 27515897 |
| elucidating and regulating the acetoin production role of microbial functional groups in multispecies acetic acid fermentation. | acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone) formation in vinegar microbiota is crucial for the flavor quality of zhenjiang aromatic vinegar, a traditional vinegar produced from cereals. however, the specific microorganisms responsible for acetoin formation in this centuries-long repeated batch fermentation have not yet been clearly identified. here, the microbial distribution discrepancy in the diacetyl/acetoin metabolic pathway of vinegar microbiota was revealed at the species level by a combination of meta ... | 2016 | 27451452 |
| microbial diversity and biochemical characteristics of borassus akeassii wine. | palm wine produced traditionally and consumed by many people in the south-west of burkina faso is subject to alteration. in this study, we carried out a follow-up of two palm wines' fermentation during the 10 days in which palm wines are classically produced and consumed. we monitored biochemical characteristics of fermenting wines as well as followed the microflora kinetics using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. the analysis of the acid content and the bacterial population rev ... | 2016 | 27450560 |
| microbial diversity and metabolite composition of belgian red-brown acidic ales. | belgian red-brown acidic ales are sour and alcoholic fermented beers, which are produced by mixed-culture fermentation and blending. the brews are aged in oak barrels for about two years, after which mature beer is blended with young, non-aged beer to obtain the end-products. the present study evaluated the microbial community diversity of belgian red-brown acidic ales at the end of the maturation phase of three subsequent brews of three different breweries. the microbial diversity was compared ... | 2016 | 26802571 |
| screening and characterization of ethanol-tolerant and thermotolerant acetic acid bacteria from chinese vinegar pei. | acetic acid bacteria (aab) are important microorganisms in the vinegar industry. however, aab have to tolerate the presence of ethanol and high temperatures, especially in submerged fermentation (sf), which inhibits aab growth and acid yield. in this study, seven aab that are tolerant to temperatures above 40 °c and ethanol concentrations above 10% (v/v) were isolated from chinese vinegar pei. all the isolated aab belong to acetobacter pasteurianus according to 16s rdna analysis. among all aab, ... | 2016 | 26712629 |
| evaluation of thermotolerant acetobacter pasteurianus strains isolated from moroccan fruits catalyzing oxidative fermentation at high temperature. | six strains of acetic acid bacteria were isolated from moroccan local products and their potential as industrial strains was evaluated in lab-bioreactor. three of them, namely tav01, af01 and cv01, isolated from traditional apple vinegar, apple and cactus fruit, respectively were selected and their responses to high temperature were assessed. morphological and biochemical identification confirmed that these strains belong to acetobacter species. their growth and acetic acid production were compa ... | 2015 | 26630753 |
| genomic analyses of thermotolerant microorganisms used for high-temperature fermentations. | environmental adaptation is considered as one of the most challenging subjects in biology to understand evolutionary or ecological diversification processes and in biotechnology to obtain useful microbial strains. temperature is one of the important environmental stresses; however, microbial adaptation to higher temperatures has not been studied extensively. for industrial purposes, the use of thermally adapted strains is important, not only to reduce the cooling expenses of the fermentation sys ... | 2016 | 26566045 |
| sdhe-dependent formation of a functional acetobacter pasteurianus succinate dehydrogenase in gluconobacter oxydans--a first step toward a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle. | the obligatory aerobic α-proteobacterium gluconobacter oxydans 621h possesses an unusual metabolism in which the majority of the carbohydrate substrates are incompletely oxidized in the periplasm and only a small fraction is metabolized in the cytoplasm. the cytoplasmic oxidation capabilities are limited due to an incomplete tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle caused by the lack of succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) and succinyl-coa synthetase. as a first step to test the consequences of a functional tca ... | 2015 | 26399411 |
| comparative proteome of acetobacter pasteurianus ab3 during the high acidity rice vinegar fermentation. | as a traditional asian food for several centuries, vinegar is known to be produced by acetic acid bacteria. the acetobacter species is the primary starter for vinegar fermentation and has evolutionarily acquired acetic acid resistance, in which acetobacter pasteurianus ab3 is routinely used for industrial production of rice vinegar with a high acidity (9 %, w/v). in contrast to the documented short-term and low acetic acid effects on a. pasteurianus, here we investigated the molecular and cellul ... | 2015 | 26369782 |
| simultaneous production of acetic and gluconic acids by a thermotolerant acetobacter strain during acetous fermentation in a bioreactor. | the activity of bacterial strains significantly influences the quality and the taste of vinegar. previous studies of acetic acid bacteria have primarily focused on the ability of bacterial strains to produce high amounts of acetic acid. however, few studies have examined the production of gluconic acid during acetous fermentation at high temperatures. the production of vinegar at high temperatures by two strains of acetic acid bacteria isolated from apple and cactus fruits, namely af01 and cv01, ... | 2016 | 26253254 |
| the effect of lactic acid bacteria on cocoa bean fermentation. | cocoa beans (theobroma cacao l.) are the raw material for chocolate production. fermentation of cocoa pulp by microorganisms is crucial for developing chocolate flavor precursors. yeasts conduct an alcoholic fermentation within the bean pulp that is essential for the production of good quality beans, giving typical chocolate characters. however, the roles of bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria in contributing to the quality of cocoa bean and chocolate are not fully und ... | 2015 | 25889523 |
| protein profile of acetobacter pasteurianus hsz3-21. | acetobacter pasteurianus plays an important role in the process of traditional vinegar production and is also essential for the fermentation of zhenjiang aromatic vinegar. in this study, we utilized the proteomic approach to analyze the proteomic profile of a. pasteurianus hsz3-21, and 258 proteins were successfully identified by maldi-tof-ms and database search. the hydropathy and go analyse combined with cog results of the identified proteins revealed the molecular biological characteristics o ... | 2015 | 25648427 |
| change in the plasmid copy number in acetic acid bacteria in response to growth phase and acetic acid concentration. | plasmids pge1 (2.5 kb), pge2 (7.2 kb), and pge3 (5.5 kb) were isolated from gluconacetobacter europaeus kgma0119, and sequence analyses revealed they harbored 3, 8, and 4 genes, respectively. plasmid copy numbers (pcns) were determined by real-time quantitative pcr at different stages of bacterial growth. when kgma0119 was cultured in medium containing 0.4% ethanol and 0.5% acetic acid, pcn of pge1 increased from 7 copies/genome in the logarithmic phase to a maximum of 12 copies/genome at the be ... | 2015 | 25575969 |
| microbial diversity and flavor formation in onion fermentation. | fermented onion products are popular in many countries. we conducted fermentation with and without salt to identify the microorganisms responsible for onion fermentation and the unique taste of fermented onion. the results of pcr-dgge (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) revealed that lactic acid bacteria (lactobacillus zymae, l. malefermentans, l. plantarum), acetic acid bacteria (acetobacter pasteurianus, a. orientalis), citric acid bacteria (citrobacter sp., c. ... | 2014 | 25088041 |
| identification and characterization of thermotolerant acetic acid bacteria strains isolated from coconut water vinegar in sri lanka. | from the pellicle formed on top of brewing coconut water vinegar in sri lanka, three acetobacter strains (sl13e-2, sl13e-3, and sl13e-4) that grow at 42 °c and four gluconobacter strains (sl13-5, sl13-6, sl13-7, and sl13-8) grow at 37 °c were identified as acetobacter pasteurianus and gluconobacter frateurii, respectively. acetic acid production by the isolated acetobacter strains was examined. all three strains gave 4% acetic acid from 6% initial ethanol at 37 °c, and 2.5% acetic acid from 4% i ... | 2014 | 25036846 |