Publications

[effect of glucose on the process of oxidation of sorbose by acetobacter aceti].		1950	15412606
[acetobacter aceti in speedy production of acetic acid].		1950	15412608
[studies on bioxidation. v. isolation of a cytochrome system from acetobacter aceti ferment].		1958	13536054
a strain of acetobacter aceti giving a positive cellulose reaction.		1958	13577811
oxidation of several substrates by acetobacter aceti.		1959	13641208
activity of a substance extracted from the fermentation products of acetobacter aceti on ehrlich's ascites tumour cells.		1960	13848527
pigment-producing strains of acetobacter aceti.		1960	13849324
enzymological studies on acetobacter aceti.		1961	13861800
patterns of oxidative assimilation in strains of acetobacter and azotobacter.	tomlinson, geraldine a. (the university of british columbia, vancouver, b.c., canada), and j. j. r. campbell. patterns of oxidative assimilation in strains of acetobacter and azotobacter. j. bacteriol. 86:1165-1172. 1963.-oxidative assimilation of glucose-u-c(14) was studied with washed-cell suspensions of acetobacter aceti, a. xylinum, azotobacter vinelandii, and a. agilis. the suggestion that oxidative assimilation is largely the incorporation of endogenously produced ammonia is tenable. a. ac ...	1963	14086085
metabolism of c2 compounds in acetobacter aceti.		1963	14108441
[the influence of temperature on the activity of acetobacter aceti in submerged cultures].		1963	14137784
deoxyribonucleic acid hybrids of acetic acid bacteria.	de ley, j. (state university, ghent, belgium), and s. friedman. deoxyribonucleic acid hybrids of acetic acid bacteria. j. bacteriol. 88:937-945. 1964.-deuterated n(15)-labeled deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) from acetobacter aceti (mesoxydans 4) forms hybrids with ordinary dna from other species of this genus (a. xylinum, a. pasteurianus, a. estunensis, and possibly a. xylinoides) when the guanine plus cytosine base composition does not vary by more than 1 to 2%. beyond this limit (a. aceti ch31 and ...	1964	14219057
[continuous submerged culture of acetobacter aceti in a synthetic medium].		1964	14238149
[some problems in the morphology of acetobacter aceti. ii. on the flagella of acetobacter and the importance of this feature for systematology].		1964	14296564
[some problems in the morphology of acetobacter aceti. i. on the involution forms of acetobacter aceti].		1964	14298262
[auxotrophism dictated by the source of energy in acetobacter aceti].		1967	5591333
the effect of glucose on the utilization of ethanol by a strain of acetobacter aceti.		1972	5019325
influence of glucose on adenine nucleotide levels and energy charge in acetobacter aceti.		1973	4764232
[effect of glucose on the energy charge and adenylate pool of acetobacter aceti].		1974	4843092
growth inhibition of acetobacter aceti by l-threonine and l-homoserine: the primary regulation of the biosynthesis of amino acids of the aspartate family.		1974	4373525
characterization of the acetyl-coa synthetase of acetobacter aceti.	the acetate activating system of acetobacter aceti has been studied. the enzyme responsible, acetyl-coa synthetase, has been purified about 500-fold from crude cell extracts and was approximately 85% pure as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate. the purified enzyme showed optimal activity at ph 7.6 in both tris-hcl and potassium phosphate buffers. in its purest form, the enzyme was stable at 4 degrees-c but denatured upon freezing. the km values for coa, atp an ...	1976	12800
aflatoxin production by aspergillus parasiticus in a competitive environment.	aspergillus parasiticus nrrl 2999 was grown in the presence of rhizopus nigricans, saccharomyces cerevisiae, acetobacter aceti, or brevibacterium linens and aflatoxin concentration was determined after 3,5,7, and 10 days of incubation at 28c. r. nigricans and s. cerevisiae inhibited growth and aflatoxin production by a. parasiticus. b. linens caused slight inhibition and a. aceti stimulated growth and aflatoxin production by a. parasiticus.	1977	339094
glucose metabolism in acetobacter aceti.	acetobacter aceti ncib 8554 grows on a minimal medium with ethanol but not with glucose as carbon and energy source. addition of glucose to a wild type culture on ethanol has no influence on growth of the organism. growth of a glucose sensitive mutant a5 is inhibited by the addition of glucose until all glucose has disappeared from the medium. in order to determine the routes by which glucose is metabolised in wild type and mutant, radiorespirometric, enzymatic, and uptake experiments have been ...	1977	907428
nutritional requirements and biochemical activities of pineapple pink disease bacterial strains from hawaii.	bacteria which cause pink disease of pineapple, identified on the basis of their nutritional and biochemical activities, were found to belong to three genera. these bacteria include the following species: gluconobacter oxydans, acetobacter aceti, and erwinia herbicola. several pink disease strains required one to three vitamins for growth. both g. oxydans strains 303d and 180 required biotin, nicotinic acid, and pantothenic acid for growth; e. herbicola 189 required only nicotinic acid; however, ...	1980	7436404
new restriction endonucleases from acetobacter aceti and bacillus aneurinolyticus.	two restriction endonucleases with new sequence specificities have been isolated from acetobacter aceti ifo 3281 and bacillus aneurinolyticus iam 1077 and named aatii and banii, respectively. based on analysis of the sequences around the restriction sites, the recognition sequences and cleavage sites of these endonucleases were deduced as below: (formula; see text)	1982	6292849
numerical analysis of phenotypic features and protein gel electrophoregrams of a wide variety of acetobacter strains. proposal for the improvement of the taxonomy of the genus acetobacter beijerinck 1898, 215.	ninety-eight strains, representing all acetobacter species and subspecies from the approved lists of bacterial names (skerman et al., 1980), were examined in a numerical analysis of 177 phenotypic features and compared to ninety-eight gluconobacter and seven frateuria strains. four phenons could be delineated, corresponding to frateuria (phenon 1), a. aceti subsp. liquefaciens (phenon 2), gluconobacter (phenon 3) and acetobacter minus a. aceti subsp. liquefaciens (phenon 4). acetobacter, frateur ...	1983	23194734
evolution of acetic acid bacteria during fermentation and storage of wine.	acetic acid bacteria were present at all stages of wine making, from the mature grape through vinification to conservation. a succession of gluconobacter oxydans, acetobacter pasteurianus, and acetobacter aceti during the course of these stages was noted. low levels of a. aceti remained in the wine; they exhibited rapid proliferation on short exposure of the wine to air and caused significant increases in the concentration of acetic acid. higher temperature of wine storage and higher wine ph fav ...	1984	16346581
immobilization of acetobacter acoti on cellulose ion exchangers: adsorption isotherms.	the adsorptive behavior of cells of acetobacter aceti, atcc 23746, on deae-, ecteola-, teae-, and dehpae-cellulose ion exchangers in a modified hoyer's medium at 30 degrees c was investigated. the maximum observed adsorption capacities varied from 46 to 64 mg dry wt/g resin. the langmuir isotherm form was used to fit the data, since the cells formed a monolayer on the resin and exhibited saturation. the equilibrium constant in the langmuir expression was qualitatively correlated with the surface ...	1986	18555442
immobilization of microorganisms by adhesion: interplay of electrostatic and nonelectrostatic interactions.	the adhesion of three microorganisms (saccharomyces cerevisiae, acetobacter aceti, and moniliella pollinis) to different materials has been studied using various supports (glass, metals, plastics), some of which were treated by an fe(iii) solution. the surface properties of the cells were characterized by the zeta potential and an index of hydrophobicity; characterization of the supports involved surface chemical analysis (xps) and contact angle measurements. cell suspensions in pure water at a ...	1987	18581378
acetic acid production by an electrodialysis fermentation method with a computerized control system.	in acetic acid fermentation by acetobacter aceti, the acetic acid produced inhibits the production of acetic acid by this microorganism. to alleviate this inhibitory effect, we developed an electrodialysis fermentation method such that acetic acid is continuously removed from the broth. the fermentation unit has a computerized system for the control of the ph and the concentration of ethanol in the fermentation broth. the electrodialysis fermentation system resulted in improved cell growth and h ...	1988	16347520
pyrroloquinoline quinone: excretion by methylotrophs and growth stimulation for microorganisms.	a marked excretion of pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq) by methylotrophs into the culture medium was observed when incubation was prolonged to the late stationary phase. when the organisms were growing vigorously in the early exponential phase, accumulation of pqq was repressed at a low level. some evidence was obtained that the excretion of pqq is related to turnover of quinoproteins of the organisms. the growth stimulation of microorganisms by pqq was demonstrated using acetobacter aceti. the pre ...	1988	2855583
cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding the 72-kilodalton dehydrogenase subunit of alcohol dehydrogenase from acetobacter aceti.	a genomic library of acetobacter aceti dna was constructed by using a broad-host-range cosmid vector. complementation of a spontaneous alcohol dehydrogenase-deficient mutant resulted in the isolation of a plasmid designated paa701. subcloning and deletion analysis of paa701 limited the region that complemented the deficiency in alcohol dehydrogenase activity of the mutant. the nucleotide sequence of this region was determined and showed that this region contained the full structural gene for the ...	1989	2722742
cloning of the membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase gene of acetobacter polyoxogenes and improvement of acetic acid production by use of the cloned gene.	a genomic clone bank of acetobacter polyoxogenes nbi1028 constructed in escherichia coli by use of the expression vector puc18 was screened with antibody raised against membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh; 75 kilodaltons [kda]) from a. polyoxogenes nbi1028. a clone that synthesized a 41-kda protein cross-reactive with anti-aldh antibody was isolated. for cloning of the full-length aldh structural gene, a cosmid gene bank was screened by southern blot hybridization with the cloned dna as ...	1989	16347820
acetic acid production using a fermentor equipped with a hollow fiber filter module.	the continuous production of acetic acid by acetobacter aceti m23 was carried out using a fermentor equipped with a hollow fiber filter module. the culture continued for 830 h with various dilution rates, which were changed stepwisely from low to high. the final cell concentration was 21.9 g dry cell/l and the maximum productivity of acetic acid was 12.7 g/l.h for the exit acetic acid concentration of about 50 g/l. the productivity was higher than any literature's values surveyed so far. the cel ...	1989	18588001
purification of restriction endonuclease from acetobacter aceti ifo 3281 (aatii) and its properties.	the restriction endonuclease aatii was purified from cell-free extracts of acetobacter aceti ifo 3281 by streptomycin treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, combined column chromatographies on deae-toyopearl 650s, heparin-sepharose cl-6b and deae-sepharose cl-6b and fplc on mono q and on superose 12 (gel filtration). the purified enzyme was homogeneous on sds-polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis. the relative molecular mass of the purified enzyme was 190,000 daltons by gel filtration. the ...	1990	1369309
cloning of genes responsible for acetic acid resistance in acetobacter aceti.	five acetic acid-sensitive mutants of acetobacter aceti subsp. aceti no. 1023 were isolated by mutagenesis with n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine. three recombinant plasmids that complemented the mutations were isolated from a gene bank of the chromosome dna of the parental strain constructed in escherichia coli by using cosmid vector pmvc1. one of these plasmids (par1611), carrying about a 30-kilobase-pair (kb) fragment that conferred acetic acid resistance to all five mutants, was further a ...	1990	2156811
cytochrome a1 of acetobacter aceti is a cytochrome ba functioning as ubiquinol oxidase.	cytochrome a1 is a classic cytochrome that in the 1930s had already been detected in acetobacter strains and in the 1950s was identified as a terminal oxidase. however, recent studies did not substantiate the previous observations. we have detected a cytochrome a1-like chromophore in acetobacter aceti, which was purified and characterized in this study. the cytochrome was solubilized from membranes of the strain with octyl beta-d-glucopyranoside and was purified by single column chromatography. ...	1990	2263637
isolation, sequencing, and mutagenesis of the gene encoding cytochrome c553i of paracoccus denitrificans and characterization of the mutant strain.	the periplasmically located cytochrome c553i of paracoccus denitrificans was purified from cells grown aerobically on choline as the carbon source. the purified protein was digested with trypsin to obtain several protein fragments. the n-terminal regions of these fragments were sequenced. on the basis of one of these sequences, a mix of 17-mer oligonucleotides was synthesized. by using this mix as a probe, the structural gene encoding cytochrome c553i (cycb) was isolated. the nucleotide sequence ...	1991	1657873
distribution of epiphytic bacteria on olive leaves and the influence of leaf age and sampling time.	mesophilic heterotrophic, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria that grow on yeast tryptone glucose extract agar were isolated from the surface of olive leaves of 3 or 4 different ages in january, april, july, and october from 1984 to 1989. unweighted average linkage cluster analysis on either the jaccard coefficient or the simple matching coefficient recovered 1,701 representative strains in 32 phena defined at the 70% and 80% similarity level, respectively. of these, 25 were identified t ...	1991	24194200
change of the terminal oxidase from cytochrome a1 in shaking cultures to cytochrome o in static cultures of acetobacter aceti.	acetobacter aceti has an ability to grow under two different culture conditions, on shaking submerged cultures and on static pellicle-forming cultures. the respiratory chains of a. aceti grown on shaking and static cultures were compared, especially with respect to the terminal oxidase. little difference was detected in several oxidase activities and in cytochrome b and c contents between the respiratory chains of both types of cells. furthermore, the results obtained here suggested that the res ...	1992	1729204
homology in the structure and the prosthetic groups between two different terminal ubiquinol oxidases, cytochrome a1 and cytochrome o, of acetobacter aceti.	acetobacter aceti produces two different terminal oxidases dependent on the culture conditions, shaking and static cultures. cells grown on shaking culture contain cytochrome a1, while cytochrome o is present in cells grown on static culture. cytochrome a1 and cytochrome o of a. aceti were compared especially with respect to the protein structure and the prosthetic groups. cytochrome a1 exhibited lower cn sensitivity and higher affinity for o2 than cytochrome o. both terminal oxidases consisted ...	1992	1332965
characterization of a cytochrome a1 that functions as a ubiquinol oxidase in acetobacter aceti.	the terminal oxidase for ethanol oxidation in acetobacter aceti was purified as a complex consisting of four subunits (subunits i, ii, iii, and iv) with molecular masses of 72, 34, 21, and 13 kda, respectively. spectrophotometric analysis and catalytic properties determined with the purified enzyme showed that it belonged to a family of cytochrome a1 (ba)-type ubiquinol oxidases. a polymerase chain reaction with two oligonucleotides designed for amino acid sequences that are conserved in subunit ...	1993	8392509
a family of is1031 elements in the genome of acetobacter xylinum: nucleotide sequences and strain distribution.	an insertion sequence (here called is1031a) from acetobacter xylinum atcc 23769 has recently been isolated. this study describes the complete nucleotide sequence of is1031a as well as the sequences of two novel iso-is1031 elements, is1031c and is1031d, from a. xylinum atcc 23769. the three iss are all exactly 930 bp long, have imperfect terminal inverted repeats of 24 bp for is1031a and 21 bp for is1031c and is1031d, are flanked by three base pair direct repeats, and contain an open reading fram ...	1993	8412666
characterization of the replicon from plasmid pac1 from acetobacter pasteurianus.	a panel of recombinant plasmids pack5 and pact7 was prepared by introducing kanamycin and tetracycline resistance into the partially split plasmid pac1 which contained replicon isolated from acetobacter pasteurianus. the replicon in plasmid pac1 is compatible with the cole1 replicon. compared to pbr322, the plasmid had more than 30 copies per chromosome in escherichia coli cells. plasmids were transformed into e. coli dh1, acetobacter pasteurianus 3614, acetobacter aceti 3620, shigella, citrobac ...	1993	8447828
cloning and sequencing the reca+ genes of acetobacter polyoxogenes and acetobacter aceti: construction of reca- mutants of by transformation-mediated gene replacement.	the reca+ gene of acetobacter polyoxogenes was cloned as a gene that conferred methyl methanesulfonate resistance (mmsr) on the reca- escherichia coli hb101. the cloned reca+ gene also conferred (i) resistance to uv irradiation, (ii) enhanced intrachromosomal recombination, and (iii) permitted prophage phi 80 induction in e. coli reca- lysogens. nucleotide sequence determination revealed that the reca product consists of 348 amino acids (aa) corresponding to 38 kda, and shows significant similar ...	1993	8486287
a new bacterial cellulose substrate for mammalian cell culture. a new bacterial cellulose substrate.	a new substrate for mammalian cell culture was developed using a cellulose membrane produced by acetobacter aceti. modification of the ionic charge of the membrane and adsorption of collagen to it promoted cellular adhesion to the membrane surface. the growth of eight kinds of cells on the membrane, was comparable to that achieved in plastic petri dishes. the membrane was tested for use in the production of recombinant erythroid differentiation factor (edf)/activin a using genetically engineered ...	1993	7764575
cloning and expression of the gene encoding alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase from acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum in brewer's yeast.	acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum genomic library was constructed using cosmid pjb8 in escherichia coli. the gene encoding alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase (aldc) was isolated from the library by direct measurement of aldc activity. the aldc gene was expressed by its own promoter in e. coli. the nucleotide sequence was determined, and an open reading frame which may encode a protein composed of 304 amino acids with a molecular weight of 33,747 was found. a brewer's yeast was transformed with the ye ...	1994	7764563
construction of a brewer's yeast having alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase gene from acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum integrated in the genome.	alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase (aldc) gene from acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum has several possible initiation codons in the n-terminus. to determine the initiation codon of the aldc giving the highest expression levels, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) promoter was linked just upstream of each possible initiation codon. the aldc whose translation starts 130 bp downstream from the first atg codon had the highest activity in yeast cells. when expression levels of the aldc gene wer ...	1994	7764564
structure-function studies on the ubiquinol oxidation site of the cytochrome bo complex from escherichia coli using p-benzoquinones and substituted phenols.	to characterize the structural features of the quinol oxidation site (the ql site) of the cytochrome bo complex, a heme-copper respiratory oxidase in escherichia coli, we carried out structure-inhibitory potency analyses using 7 p-benzoquinones and 33 substituted phenols. their effects on its ubiquinol-1 oxidase activity were compared with those on the cytochrome bd complex in e. coli and on cytochromes o and alpha 1 in acetobacter aceti. they showed similar structural properties of the ql site, ...	1994	7961851
is1032 from acetobacter xylinum, a new mobile insertion sequence.	is1031 elements constitute a family of related insertion sequences (is) in acetobacter xylinum strains. a new is1031-related element, is1032, was isolated from a. xylinum atcc 23770. southern hybridization analysis showed that one or more sequences similar to is1032 are present in most of the a. xylinum strains examined. in addition, one copy was detected in acetobacter aceti atcc 15973. the transposition of is1032 was evident from the appearance of an extra insertion in a spontaneous exopolysac ...	1994	7991672
the structure of the quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase of acetobacter aceti modelled on that of methanol dehydrogenase from methylobacterium extorquens.	the 1.94 a structure of methanol dehydrogenase has been used to provide a model structure for part of a membrane quinohaemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase. the basic superbarrel structure and the active-site region are retained, indicating essentially similar mechanisms of action, but there are considerable differences in the external loops, particularly those involved in formation of the shallow funnel leading to the active site.	1995	7772016
transformation of microorganisms with the plasmid vector with the replicon from pac1 from acetobacter pasteurianus.	a number of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria species was screened for the expression of the gram-negative plasmid pack5 and pact72 with replicon of pac1 plasmid from acetobacter pasteurianus. as was described previously, both plasmids were expressed in escherichia coli, acetobacter pasteurianus, acetobacter aceti, shigella spp. and citrobacter spp. expressions of plasmids were successful in twelve species tested, comamonas terrigena, salmonella typhimurium, serratia marcescens, bacillus ...	1995	7832808
cytotoxic effects of several hopanoids on mouse leukemia l1210 and p388 cells.	the cytotoxic effects of hopanoids, including bacteriohopane-32, 33, 34, 35-tetrol (tetrol), bacteriohopane-32-ol (monol), diploptene, diplopterol and acetylated monol (aco-monol) isolated from acetobacter aceti, were tested against two leukemia cell lines. tetrol and monol have been shown to be toxic to mouse l1210 and p388 compared to the other hopanoids. by measuring the esr spectra of the spin labeled membranes of these cells, it was shown that the incorporation of monol resulted in a decrea ...	1995	7550095
generation mechanism and purification of an inactive form convertible in vivo to the active form of quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase in gluconobacter suboxydans.	alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of acetic acid bacteria is a membrane-bound quinohemoprotein-cytochrome c complex involved in vinegar production. in gluconobacter suboxydans grown under acidic growth conditions, it was found that adh content in the membranes was largely increased but the activity was not much changed, suggesting that such a condition produces an inactive form of adh (inactive adh). a similar phenomenon could be also observed in acetobacter aceti, another genus of acetic acid bacteri ...	1995	7592433
cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the gene encoding the smallest subunit of the three-component membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase from acetobacter pasteurianus.	the membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of acetobacter pasteurianus nci1452 consists of three different subunits, a 78-kda dehydrogenase subunit, a 48-kda cytochrome c subunit, and a 20-kda subunit of unknown function. for elucidation of the function of the smallest subunit, this gene was cloned from this strain by the oligonucleotide-probing method, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence and the nh2-terminal sequence determined for the p ...	1995	7665483
function of multiple heme c moieties in intramolecular electron transport and ubiquinone reduction in the quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase-cytochrome c complex of gluconobacter suboxydans.	alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of acetic acid bacteria functions as the primary dehydrogenase of the ethanol oxidase respiratory chain, where it donates electrons to ubiquinone. adh is a membrane-bound quinohemoprotein-cytochrome c complex which consists of subunits i (78 kda), ii (48 kda), and iii (14 kda) and contains several hemes c as well as pyrroloquinoline quinone as prosthetic groups. to understand the role of the heme c moieties in the intramolecular electron transport and the ubiquinone r ...	1996	8617755
cloning and expression of aatii restriction-modification system in escherichia coli.	the genes encoding the aatii restriction endonuclease and methylase from acetobacter aceti have been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the nucleotide sequences of aatiim and aatiir genes were determined. the aatiim and aatiir genes are 996 bp and 1038 bp, respectively, encoding the 331-aa methylase with a predicted molecular mass of 36.9 kda, and the 345-aa aatii restriction endonuclease with a predicted molecular mass of 38.9 kda. the two genes overlap by 4 base pairs and are transcribe ...	1997	9034320
the phylogeny of acetic acid bacteria based on the partial sequences of 16s ribosomal rna: the elevation of the subgenus gluconoacetobacter to the generic level.	thirty-six strains of acetic acid bacteria classified in the genera acetobacter, gluconobacter, and acidomonas were examined for their partial base sequences in positions 1220 through 1375, 156 bases, of 16s rrna. the strains of the q10-equipped gluconobacter species examined were divided into two subgroups, which included the type strains of gluconobacter oxydans, the type species of the genus gluconobacter, and of a second species, gluconobacter cerinus, respectively. the base differences numb ...	1997	9301103
resonance raman, infrared, and epr investigation on the binuclear site structure of the heme-copper ubiquinol oxidases from acetobacter aceti: effect of the heme peripheral formyl group substitution.	acetobacter aceti produces two different terminal ubiquinol oxidases (cytochromes a1 and o) depending on the culture conditions. two types of oxidases share a common protein moiety but with different heme components at the binuclear center (heme a for cytochrome a1 and heme o for cytochrome o). we investigated the structure of the binuclear site of the two oxidases using resonance raman, fourier transform-infrared (ft-ir), and epr spectroscopies to clarify the interactions of heme a formyl group ...	1997	9335565
acetate-specific stress response in acetate-resistant bacteria: an analysis of protein patterns.	many metabolic byproducts have toxic effects on bacteria, and acetic acid is an excellent model for such molecules. the negative effects of acetate, which include decreased growth rates and specific productivities, appear for escherichia coli at acetate concentrations lower than 5 g/l. acetic acid bacteria, however, are naturally resistant to the detrimental effects of acetate in their surroundings; they remain active at acetate levels well over 40 g/l. this study investigated the response to ac ...	1997	9336975
parallel-up structure evidences the molecular directionality during biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose.	the "parallel-up" packing in cellulose ialpha and ibeta unit cells was experimentally demonstrated by a combination of direct-staining the reducing ends of cellulose chains and microdiffraction-tilting electron crystallographic analysis. microdiffraction investigation of nascent bacterial cellulose microfibrils showed that the reducing end of the growing cellulose chains points away from the bacterium, and this provides direct evidence that polymerization by the cellulose synthase takes place at ...	1997	9256440
cocoa fermentations conducted with a defined microbial cocktail inoculum.	cocoa fermentations were performed in wooden boxes under the following four experimental regimens: beans naturally fermented with wild microflora; aseptically prepared beans with no inoculum; and beans inoculated with a defined cocktail containing microorganisms at a suitable concentration either at zero time or by using phased additions at appropriate times. the cocktail used consisted of a yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae var. chevalieri, two lactic acid bacterial species, lactobacillus lactis ...	1998	9546184
psychrotolerant bacteria isolated from arctic soil that degrade polychlorinated biphenyls at low temperatures	psychrotolerant polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)-degrading bacteria were isolated at 7 degreesc from pcb-contaminated arctic soil by using biphenyl as the sole organic carbon source. these isolates were distinguished from each other by differences in substrates that supported growth and substrates that were oxidized. 16s ribosomal dna sequences suggest that these isolates are most closely related to the genus pseudomonas. total removal of aroclor 1242, and rates of removal of selected pcb congener ...	1998	9835569
pkg2, a novel transmembrane protein ser/thr kinase of streptomyces granaticolor.	a 4.2-kb sphi-bamhi fragment of chromosomal dna from streptomyces granaticolor was cloned and shown to encode a protein with significant sequence similarity to the eukaryotic protein serine/threonine kinases. it consists of 701 amino acids and in the n-terminal part contains all conserved catalytic domains of protein kinases. the c-terminal domain of pkg2 contains seven tandem repeats of 11 or 12 amino acids with similarity to the tryptophan-docking motif known to stabilize a symmetrical three-d ...	1999	9864307
enhancement of cellulose production by expression of sucrose synthase in acetobacter xylinum.	higher plants efficiently conserve energy atp in cellulose biosynthesis by expression of sucrose synthase, in which the high free energy between glucose and fructose in sucrose can be conserved and used for the synthesis of udp-glucose. a mixture of sucrose synthase and bacterial cellulose synthase proceeded to form udp-glucose from sucrose plus udp and to synthesize 1,4-beta-glucan from the sugar nucleotide. the mutant sucrose synthase, which mimics phosphorylated sucrose synthase, enhanced the ...	1999	9874763
the quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase of gluconobacter suboxydans has ubiquinol oxidation activity at a site different from the ubiquinone reduction site.	alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) of acetic acid bacteria functions as the primary dehydrogenase of the ethanol oxidase respiratory chain, where it donates electrons to ubiquinone. in addition to the reduction of ubiquinone, adhs of gluconobacter suboxydans and acetobacter aceti were shown to have a novel function in the oxidation of ubiquinol. the oxidation activity of ubiquinol was detected as an ubiquinol:ferricyanide oxidoreductase activity, which can be monitored by selected wavelength pairs at 2 ...	1999	9878716
outer membrane changes in a toluene-sensitive mutant of toluene-tolerant pseudomonas putida ih-2000.	we isolated a toluene-sensitive mutant, named mutant no. 32, which showed unchanged antibiotic resistance levels, from toluene-tolerant pseudomonas putida ih-2000 by transposon mutagenesis with tn5. the gene disrupted by insertion of tn5 was identified as cyoc, which is one of the subunits of cytochrome o. the membrane protein, phospholipid, and lipopolysaccharide (lps) of ih-2000 and that of mutant no. 32 were examined and compared. some of the outer membrane proteins showed a decrease in mutan ...	1999	10419944
roles of cellulose and xyloglucan in determining the mechanical properties of primary plant cell walls	the primary cell walls of growing and fleshy plant tissue mostly share a common set of molecular components, cellulose, xyloglucan (xyg), and pectin, that are required for both inherent strength and the ability to respond to cell expansion during growth. to probe molecular mechanisms underlying material properties, cell walls and analog composites from acetobacter xylinus have been measured under small deformation and uniaxial extension conditions as a function of molecular composition. small de ...	1999	10517858
the respiratory system and diazotrophic activity of acetobacter diazotrophicus pal5.	the characteristics of the respiratory system of acetobacter diazotrophicus pal5 were investigated. increasing aeration (from 0.5 to 4.0 liters of air min(-1) liter of medium(-1)) had a strong positive effect on growth and on the diazotrophic activity of cultures. cells obtained from well-aerated and diazotrophically active cultures possessed a highly active, membrane-bound electron transport system with dehydrogenases for nadh, glucose, and acetaldehyde as the main electron donors. ethanol, suc ...	1999	10559164
polyphasic study of the spatial distribution of microorganisms in mexican pozol, a fermented maize dough, demonstrates the need for cultivation-independent methods to investigate traditional fermentations.	the distribution of microorganisms in pozol balls, a fermented maize dough, was investigated by a polyphasic approach in which we used both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, including microbial enumeration, fermentation product analysis, quantification of microbial taxa with 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes, determination of microbial fingerprints by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), and 16s ribosomal dna gene sequencing. our results demonstrate that dgge f ...	1999	10584005
new vinegar production from onions.	the possibility of producing a new type of vinegar from worthless onions, which fail to meet the quality standards required for marketing, was investigated. several kinds of onion were initially tested as raw material for vinegar production, and vinegar was successfully produced from the juice of a red onion, the cultivar kurenai, by batch culture using yeast and acetobacter aceti. nutritional analysis revealed that the potassium content of onion vinegar was extremely high, while the amount of s ...	1999	16232584
biochemical preparation of l-ribose and l-arabinose from ribitol: a new approach.	l-ribose and l-arabinose were prepared biochemically from ribitol via a two-step reaction, by which the complete oxidation of ribitol to l-ribulose (approximately 98%) was achieved by the reaction of washed cells of acetobacter aceti ifo 3281. the produced l-ribulose was then used as a substrate for the production of l-ribose and l-arabinose. the isomerization of l-ribulose to l-ribose and l-arabinose was carried out using l-ribose isomerase (l-ri) of acinetobacter sp. strain dl-28 and l-arabino ...	1999	16232643
production of d-lyxose from d-glucose by microbial and enzymatic reactions.	d-arabitol was first prepared from d-glucose using candida famata r28. the reaction gave 5.0% d-arabitol from 10.0% d-glucose. d-arabitol was then almost completely converted to d-xylulose using acetobacter aceti ifo 3281. finally, d-lyxose was prepared from d-xylulose enzymatically using l-ribose isomerase from toluene-treated cells of acinetobacter sp. strain dl-28. the isomerization reaction progressed steadily and the concentration of d-xylulose increased from 1.0 to 10.0%. about 70% of d-xy ...	1999	16232684
enzymes responsible for acetate oxidation by acetic acid bacteria.	several acetic acid bacteria of the genus acetobacter oxidize much acetate oxidation, which is not desired in vinegar manufacturing. acetobacter rancens sku 1111, a strong acetate oxidant, grew rapidly with a biphasic growth curve while consuming acetate in the second growth phase. acetobacter aceti ifo 3284 did not show extensive acetate oxidation. addition of glycerol to the culture medium of acetobacter rancens sku 1111 increased acetate oxidation and resulted in more biomass in the second gr ...	1999	27373914
systematic study of the genus acetobacter with descriptions of acetobacter indonesiensis sp. nov., acetobacter tropicalis sp. nov., acetobacter orleanensis (henneberg 1906) comb. nov., acetobacter lovaniensis (frateur 1950) comb. nov., and acetobacter estunensis (carr 1958) comb. nov.	thirty-one acetobacter strains obtained from culture collections and 45 acetobacter strains isolated from indonesian sources were investigated for their phenotypic characteristics, ubiquinone systems, dna base compositions, and levels of dna-dna relatedness. of 31 reference strains, six showed the presence of ubiquinone 10 (q-10). these strains were eliminated from the genus acetobacter. the other 25 reference strains and 45 indonesian isolates were subjected to a systematic study and separated ...	2000	12483588
the legionella pneumophila iraab locus is required for iron assimilation, intracellular infection, and virulence.	legionella pneumophila, a facultative intracellular parasite of human alveolar macrophages and protozoa, causes legionnaires' disease. using mini-tn10 mutagenesis, we previously isolated a l. pneumophila mutant that was hypersensitive to iron chelators. this mutant, nu216, and its allelic equivalent, nu216r, were also defective for intracellular infection, particularly in iron-deficient host cells. to determine whether nu216r was attenuated for virulence, we assessed its ability to cause disease ...	2000	10678909
metabolic engineering of saccharomyces cerevisiae.	comprehensive knowledge regarding saccharomyces cerevisiae has accumulated over time, and today s. cerevisiae serves as a widley used biotechnological production organism as well as a eukaryotic model system. the high transformation efficiency, in addition to the availability of the complete yeast genome sequence, has facilitated genetic manipulation of this microorganism, and new approaches are constantly being taken to metabolicially engineer this organism in order to suit specific needs. in t ...	2000	10704473
genetic and biochemical characterization of the pathway in pantoea citrea leading to pink disease of pineapple.	pink disease of pineapple, caused by pantoea citrea, is characterized by a dark coloration on fruit slices after autoclaving. this coloration is initiated by the oxidation of glucose to gluconate, which is followed by further oxidation of gluconate to as yet unknown chromogenic compounds. to elucidate the biochemical pathway leading to pink disease, we generated six coloration-defective mutants of p. citrea that were still able to oxidize glucose into gluconate. three mutants were found to be af ...	2000	10735866
bacterial response to acetate challenge: a comparison of tolerance among species.	although acetate formation and tolerance are important criteria for various aspects of biotechnological process development, available studies on acetate tolerance in different species are disparate. we evaluate the response of eight bacterial strains, including two variants of escherichia coli, two variants of staphylococcus capitis, and one each of acetobacter aceti, gluconobacter suboxydans, lactobacillus acetotolerans, and l. bulgaricus, to acetate challenges under identical conditions. our ...	2000	10968640
bacteria in the leaf ecosystem with emphasis on pseudomonas syringae-a pathogen, ice nucleus, and epiphyte.	the extremely large number of leaves produced by terrestrial and aquatic plants provide habitats for colonization by a diversity of microorganisms. this review focuses on the bacterial component of leaf microbial communities, with emphasis on pseudomonas syringae-a species that participates in leaf ecosystems as a pathogen, ice nucleus, and epiphyte. among the diversity of bacteria that colonize leaves, none has received wider attention than p. syringae, as it gained notoriety for being the firs ...	2000	10974129
effect of glycine betaine on osmoadaptation of propionibacterium acidipropionici cultivated in elevated osmolarities.	the sensitivity of industrial strains acetobacter aceti, gluconobacter frateurii, and propionibacterium acidipropionici to osmotic stress was studied. growth of a. aceti and g. frateurii was totally inhibited at 0.4 m nacl concentration, but p. acidipropionici was able to grow on a medium containing 1.2 m nacl. addition of glycine betaine to the medium had no detectable osmoprotective effect on a. aceti and g. frateurii cultivations in elevated nacl concentrations, but it enabled cells of p. aci ...	2000	11131399
characterization of acetic acid bacteria in traditional acetic acid fermentation of rice vinegar (komesu) and unpolished rice vinegar (kurosu) produced in japan.	bacterial strains were isolated from samples of japanese rice vinegar (komesu) and unpolished rice vinegar (kurosu) fermented by the traditional static method. fermentations have never been inoculated with a pure culture since they were started in 1907. a total of 178 isolates were divided into groups a and b on the basis of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-pcr and random amplified polymorphic dna fingerprinting analyses. the 16s ribosomal dna sequences of strains belonging to eac ...	2001	11157275
catalytic and molecular properties of the quinohemoprotein tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol dehydrogenase from ralstonia eutropha strain bo.	the quinohemoprotein tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol dehydrogenase (thfa-dh) from ralstonia eutropha strain bo was investigated for its catalytic properties. the apparent k(cat)/k(m) and k(i) values for several substrates were determined using ferricyanide as an artificial electron acceptor. the highest catalytic efficiency was obtained with n-pentanol exhibiting a k(cat)/k(m) value of 788 x 10(4) m(-1) s(-1). the enzyme showed substrate inhibition kinetics for most of the alcohols and aldehydes inve ...	2001	11222593
differentiation of lactobacillus plantarum, l. pentosus, and l. paraplantarum by reca gene sequence analysis and multiplex pcr assay with reca gene-derived primers.	in this study, we succeeded in differentiating lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus pentosus, and lactobacillus paraplantarum by means of reca gene sequence comparison. short homologous regions of about 360 bp were amplified by pcr with degenerate consensus primers, sequenced, and analyzed, and 322 bp were considered for the inference of phylogenetic trees. phylograms, obtained by parsimony, maximum likelihood, and analysis of data matrices with the neighbor-joining model, were coherent and cl ...	2001	11472918
isolation and regulation of sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 loci induced by oxygen limitation.	eleven sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 loci whose expression was induced under low oxygen concentrations were identified in a collection of 5,000 strains carrying tn5-1063 (luxab) transcriptional reporter gene fusions. the 11 tn5-1063-tagged loci were cloned and characterized. the dependence of the expression of the tagged loci on the fixl/fixj oxygen-sensing two-component regulatory system was examined. three of the loci were found to be dependent upon fixl and fixj for their expression, while one ...	2001	11472955
direct incorporation of glucosamine and n-acetylglucosamine into exopolymers by gluconacetobacter xylinus (=acetobacter xylinum) atcc 10245: production of chitosan-cellulose and chitin-cellulose exopolymers.	gluconacetobacter xylinus (=acetobacter xylinum) atcc 10245 incorporated 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose (glucosamine) and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose (n-acetylglucosamine), but not 3-o-methyl-d-glucose or 2-deoxy-d-glucose into exopolymers. incorporation was confirmed by gas chromatography with and without mass spectrometry, fourier transform infrared, and 1h nuclear magnetic resonance. the average molar percentage of glucosamine and n-acetylglucosamine in the exopolymers was about 18%.	2001	11525993
proteins induced during adaptation of acetobacter aceti to high acetate concentrations.	as a typical product of microbial metabolism, the weak acid acetate is well known for its cytotoxic effects. in contrast to most other microbes, the so-called acetic acid bacteria can acquire significant resistance to high acetate concentrations when properly adapted to such hostile conditions. to characterize the molecular events that are associated with this adaptation, we analyzed global protein expression levels during adaptation of acetobacter aceti by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. a ...	2001	11722895
a gene encoding phosphatidylethanolamine n-methyltransferase from acetobacter aceti and some properties of its disruptant.	phosphatidylcholine (pc) is a major component of membranes not only in eukaryotes, but also in several bacteria, including acetobacter. to identify the pc biosynthetic pathway and its role in acetobacter sp., we have studied acetobacter aceti ifo3283, which is characterized by high ethanol oxidizing ability and high resistance to acetic acid. the pmt gene of a. aceti, encoding phosphatidylethanolamine n-methyltransferase (pmt), which catalyzes methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) to pc, ...	2001	11826972
purification and molecular characterization of a quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase from pseudogluconobacter saccharoketogenes ifo 14464.	we have cloned and verified a gene for a novel quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) from pseudogluconobacter saccharoketogenes ifo 14464 that has the ability to oxidize l-sorbose to 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-klga). the enzyme was purified from the soluble fraction of the bacterium and was estimated to be a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of 65 kda from the analyses of sds-page and gel-filtration chromatography. an open reading frame of 1824 bp for 608 amino acid residues was estimat ...	2001	16233140
the presence of acetobacter sp. in ensiled forage crops and ensiled industrial byproducts.	the presence of acetic acid bacteria (aab) in whole crop maize silage, whole crop wheat silage, pressed sugar beet pulp silage, grass silage and brewer's grains silage was investigated. aab could be isolated from whole crop maize silage, whole crop wheat silage and pressed sugar beet pulp silage, but could not be detected in grass silage (> 100 silo's tested) or brewer's grains silage (5 silo's tested). thirty aab isolates were characterized to genus level. all isolates, i.e. 20 from whole crop ...	2001	15954628
a novel polysaccharide involved in the pellicle formation of acetobacter aceti.	acetobacter aceti ifo 3284 has been shown to have two types of strains: one forms a smooth-surfaced colony (s strain) and the other forms a rough-surfaced colony (r strain) (matsushita et al., 1992). in this study, both s and r strains were isolated and characterized. the s strain grew well in submerged culture but very poorly in static culture. in contrast, the r strain grew well in static culture by floating on the surface of the culture medium, as well as in shaking submerged culture. scannin ...	2002	16233186
cloning and characterization of groesl operon in acetobacter aceti.	the groesl operon of acetobacter aceti was cloned and sequenced. we observed that groes and groel of a. aceti had high amino acid sequence homologies to groes and groel of escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. the upstream region of the groesl operon contained the heat-shock promoter, which was previously reported in alpha-purple proteobacteria, and the highly conserved inverted repeat sequence. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the a. aceti groes and groel are very closely related to those ...	2002	16233284
kozakia baliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel acetic acid bacterium in the alpha-proteobacteria.	four bacterial strains were isolated from palm brown sugar and ragi collected in bali and yogyakarta, indonesia, by an enrichment culture approach for acetic acid bacteria. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences showed that the four isolates constituted a cluster separate from the genera acetobacter, gluconobacter, acidomonas, gluconacetobacter and asaia with a high bootstrap value in a phylogenetic tree. the isolates had high values of dna-dna similarity (78-100%) between one an ...	2002	12054243
fermentability of grape must after inhibition with dimethyl dicarbonate (dmdc).	dimethyl dicarbonate (dmdc) was added to grape must and to synthetic media and results showed that, at 20 degrees c, 150 mg.l(-)(1) dmdc completely inhibited the fermentation of a grape must that was previously inoculated with 10(6) cells.ml(-)(1) saccharomyces bayanus and saccharomyces uvarum. brettanomyces intermedius, candida guilliermondii, hansenula jadinii, hansenula petersonii, kloeckera apiculata, pichia membranaefaciens, and saccharomyces cerevisiae were inhibited by 250 mg.l(-)(1). can ...	2002	12236685
re-examination of the genus acetobacter, with descriptions of acetobacter cerevisiae sp. nov. and acetobacter malorum sp. nov.	thirty-four acetobacter strains, representing acetobacter aceti, acetobacter pasteurianus, acetobacter pomorum, acetobacter peroxydans, acetobacter lovaniensis, acetobacter estunensis, acetobacter orleanensis, acetobacter indonesiensis and acetobacter tropicalis, were subjected to a polyphasic study that included dna-dna hybridizations, dna base ratio determinations, 16s rdna sequence analysis and phenotypic characterization. two novel species are proposed, acetobacter cerevisiae sp. nov. and ac ...	2002	12361257
design and evaluation of pcr primers for analysis of bacterial populations in wine by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.	denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of pcr-amplified ribosomal dna (rdna) is routinely used to compare levels of diversity of microbial communities and to monitor population dynamics. while using pcr-dgge to examine the bacteria in wine fermentations, we noted that several commonly used pcr primers for amplifying bacterial 16s rdna also coamplified yeast, fungal, or plant dna present in samples. unfortunately, amplification of nonbacterial dna can result in a masking of bacterial popu ...	2003	14602643
real-time pcr assay for detection and enumeration of dekkera bruxellensis in wine.	traditional methods to detect the spoilage yeast dekkera bruxellensis from wine involve lengthy enrichments. to overcome this difficulty, we developed a quantitative real-time pcr method to directly detect and enumerate d. bruxellensis in wine. specific pcr primers to d. bruxellensis were designed to the 26s rrna gene, and nontarget yeast and bacteria common to the winery environment were not amplified. the assay was linear over a range of cell concentrations (6 log units) and could detect as li ...	2003	14660395
construction and screening of metagenomic libraries derived from enrichment cultures: generation of a gene bank for genes conferring alcohol oxidoreductase activity on escherichia coli.	enrichment of microorganisms with special traits and the construction of metagenomic libraries by direct cloning of environmental dna have great potential for identifying genes and gene products for biotechnological purposes. we have combined these techniques to isolate novel genes conferring oxidation of short-chain (c(2) to c(4)) polyols or reduction of the corresponding carbonyls. in order to favor the growth of microorganisms containing the targeted genes, samples collected from four differe ...	2003	12620823
5-keto-d-gluconate production is catalyzed by a quinoprotein glycerol dehydrogenase, major polyol dehydrogenase, in gluconobacter species.	acetic acid bacteria, especially gluconobacter species, have been known to catalyze the extensive oxidation of sugar alcohols (polyols) such as d-mannitol, glycerol, d-sorbitol, and so on. gluconobacter species also oxidize sugars and sugar acids and uniquely accumulate two different keto-d-gluconates, 2-keto-d-gluconate and 5-keto-d-gluconate, in the culture medium by the oxidation of d-gluconate. however, there are still many controversies regarding their enzyme systems, especially on d-sorbit ...	2003	12676670
overexpression of the atp-dependent helicase recg improves resistance to weak organic acids in escherichia coli.	increased resistance to several weak organic acids was conferred on escherichia coli by overexpression of the atp-dependent helicase recg and, to a lesser extent, by overexpressing the helicase ruvab. this property of helicases was identified by reproducible selection of recg-bearing clones from genomic libraries of the acetate-resistant species acetobacter aceti and staphylococcus capitis. we show that overexpression of recg from both species, but also from e. coli, increased the maximum biomas ...	2003	12898065