Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| microbial processes for ascorbic acid biosynthesis: a review. | l-ascorbic acid is an important product currently made using the reichstein process, which is mainly chemical. recently, bacteria have been identified that are able to transform in a very efficient way glucose to 2,5-keto-d-gluconic acid and this product to 2-keto-l-idonic acid, precursor of l-ascorbic acid. when the corresponding strains are used together, it is possible to get 2-keto-l-idonic acid directly from glucose. moreover, new strains have been constructed by introducing a gene from a s ... | 1990 | 1366548 |
| acetic acid bacterial biota of the pink sugar cane mealybug, saccharococcus sacchari, and its environs. | saccharococcus sacchari is the primary colonizer of the developing "sterile" tissue between the leaf sheath and stem of sugar cane. the honeydew secreted by the mealybugs is acidic (about ph 3) and supports an atypical epiphytic microbiota dominated by acetobacter-like bacteria and acidophilic yeast species. however, erwinia and leuconostoc species predominate within the leaf sheath pocket region when the mealybugs die out. the unidentified acetobacters were readily isolated from s. sacchari thr ... | 1990 | 16348144 |
| microbial cellulose as a specialty chemical. | microbial polysaccharides are extensively used commercially as gelling or suspending agents, as protective colloids or as thickening agents. until recently, microbial cellulose producing systems such as acetobacter xylinum, had been used largely as model systems for the study of cellulose biosynthesis. current advances in molecular biology and biochemical engineering promise to usher microbial cellulose into the specialty chemical market. this review will highlight some of the recent progress ma ... | 1990 | 14546639 |
| cloning of the membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase gene of acetobacter polyoxogenes and improvement of acetic acid production by use of the cloned gene. | a genomic clone bank of acetobacter polyoxogenes nbi1028 constructed in escherichia coli by use of the expression vector puc18 was screened with antibody raised against membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh; 75 kilodaltons [kda]) from a. polyoxogenes nbi1028. a clone that synthesized a 41-kda protein cross-reactive with anti-aldh antibody was isolated. for cloning of the full-length aldh structural gene, a cosmid gene bank was screened by southern blot hybridization with the cloned dna as ... | 1989 | 16347820 |
| synthetic medium for acetobacter xylinum that can be used for isolation of auxotrophic mutants and study of cellulose biosynthesis. | acetobacter xylinum is a bacterium that can synthesize cellulose when grown in an undefined medium containing glucose. we developed a defined minimal medium for a. xylinum that contains 1% glucose, 0.1% nh(4)cl, 0.115% citric acid, 0.33% na(2)hpo(4), 0.01% kcl, 0.025% mgso(4). 7h(2)o, and 7.5 mg of nicotinamide per liter which both allows cellulose synthesis and can be used to isolate a variety of auxotrophic mutants. | 1989 | 16347923 |
| alternative environmental roles for cellulose produced by acetobacter xylinum. | the cellulose-producing bacterium acetobacter xylinum has been considered a strict aerobe, and it has been suggested that the function of cellulose is to hold cells in an aerobic environment. in this study, we showed that a. xylinum is capable of growing microaerophilically. cellulose pellicles provided significant protection to a. xylinum cells from the killing effects of uv light. in experiments measuring colonization by a. xylinum, molds, and other bacteria on pieces of apple, cellulose pelli ... | 1989 | 16348023 |
| acetic acid production using a fermentor equipped with a hollow fiber filter module. | the continuous production of acetic acid by acetobacter aceti m23 was carried out using a fermentor equipped with a hollow fiber filter module. the culture continued for 830 h with various dilution rates, which were changed stepwisely from low to high. the final cell concentration was 21.9 g dry cell/l and the maximum productivity of acetic acid was 12.7 g/l.h for the exit acetic acid concentration of about 50 g/l. the productivity was higher than any literature's values surveyed so far. the cel ... | 1989 | 18588001 |
| molecular origins of acetan solution properties. | acetan is a branched acidic heteropolysaccharide secreted by acetobacter xylinum. x-ray diffraction studies of oriented fibres suggest non-crystalline helices with fivefold symmetry and a pitch of 4.8 nm. optical rotation and circular dichroism studies are consistent with the retention of the helical structure in solution and a helix-coil transition upon heating and cooling. aqueous solutions yield high 'low shear rate' viscosity and shear-thin upon shearing. | 1989 | 2489099 |
| a fast spheroplast formation procedure in some 2,5-diketo-d-gluconate- and 2-keto-l-gulonate- producing bacteria. | calcium 2-keto-l-gulonate (ca-2-klg, a key intermediate in vitamin c synthesis) is produced from calcium 2,5-diketo d-gluconate (ca-2,5-dkg) by a variety of bacteria. a few bacterial species which efficiently convert glucose to ca-2,5-dkg have been isolated in our laboratory. our bacterial collection included species that possess the genes for production of ca-2-klg from ca-2,5-dkg; however, the yield of the former is poor. a procedure for the preparation of spheroplasts in ca-2,5-dkg- and ca-2- ... | 1989 | 2517394 |
| cloning of a gene involved in cellulose biosynthesis in acetobacter xylinum: complementation of cellulose-negative mutants by the udpg pyrophosphorylase structural gene. | three cellulose-negative (cel-) mutants of acetobacter xylinum strain atcc 23768 were complemented by a cloned 2.8 kb dna fragment from the wild type. biochemical analysis of the mutants showed that they were deficient in the enzyme uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose (udpg) pyrophosphorylase. the analysis also showed that the mutants could synthesize beta(1-4)-glucan in vitro from udpg, but not in vivo from glucose. this result was expected, since udpg is known to be the precursor for cellulose synthes ... | 1989 | 2549367 |
| thiol and amino analogues as alternate substrates for glycerokinase from candida mycoderma. | the kinetic and catalytic mechanism of glycerokinase from candida mycoderma was examined with thiol and amino analogues of glycerol and with mgamppcp, an analogue of mgatp. (s)-1-aminopropanediol was phosphorylated on nitrogen (vmax 0.4% that of glycerol) while the r enantiomer was phosphorylated on oxygen (vmax 0.7% that of glycerol). (s)-1-mercaptopropanediol was phosphorylated on oxygen (vmax 3.5% that of glycerol), while the r enantiomer was phosphorylated on sulfur (vmax 0.001% that of glyc ... | 1989 | 2550062 |
| effects of the yeast extract components pyrroloquinoline quinone and aspartic acid on vitamin b12 production in klebsiella pneumoniae ifo 13541. | the production of vitamin b12 from carbohydrates, peptone, casamino acid, etc., by intestinal bacteria was investigated. klebsiella pneumoniae ifo 13541 was the most efficient strain for vitamin b12 production, which depended exclusively on the concentration of yeast extract added to the medium. a concentrated solution of yeast extract (1 ml) was chromatographed on a sephadex g-25 column (1 x 180 cm) and eluted with h2o (eighty fractions of 3 ml each were collected). it was found that fractions ... | 1989 | 2561367 |
| nucleotide sequence of the membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from acetobacter polyoxogenes. | the nucleotide sequence of the membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) gene from an industrial vinegar producer, acetobacter polyoxogenes, was determined. comparison of the sequence with the nh2-terminal amino acid sequence of the mature aldh and determination of the actual translational initiation codon by means of in vitro manipulation of the upstream and proximal regions of the cloned gene showed that aldh was primarily translated as a 773-amino-acid protein and that the 44-amino-acid se ... | 1989 | 2606906 |
| lipopolysaccharide-protein interactions: determination of dissociation constants by affinity electrophoresis. | an affinity electrophoresis system is described to allow determination of dissociation constants of lipopolysaccharide (lps)-protein complexes. the lps ligand is incorporated into polyacrylamide gels by addition to the polyacrylamide-n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide polymerization mixture. quantitative evaluation revealed formation of immobile protein-ligand complexes. the method was applied both to r- and s-form lps from acinetobacter calcoaceticus. for a heat-modifiable outer membrane protein with ... | 1989 | 2612487 |
| the microbial ecology of tape ketan fermentation. | the growth of fungi, yeasts and bacteria was followed during the fermentation of tape ketan. the tape was prepared using samples of indonesian ragi as inoculum. fermentation was characterized by the dominant growth of amylomyces rouxii and candida pelliculosa (10(5)-10(7) cfu/g), and a lesser contribution from saccharomyces cerevisiae. hansenula anomala grew to a limited extent during some fermentations. bacteria of the genera bacillus and acetobacter contributed also to the fermentation, produc ... | 1989 | 2641491 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding the 72-kilodalton dehydrogenase subunit of alcohol dehydrogenase from acetobacter aceti. | a genomic library of acetobacter aceti dna was constructed by using a broad-host-range cosmid vector. complementation of a spontaneous alcohol dehydrogenase-deficient mutant resulted in the isolation of a plasmid designated paa701. subcloning and deletion analysis of paa701 limited the region that complemented the deficiency in alcohol dehydrogenase activity of the mutant. the nucleotide sequence of this region was determined and showed that this region contained the full structural gene for the ... | 1989 | 2722742 |
| detoxification of formaldehyde by acetic acid bacteria. | formaldehyde resistance of methylotrophic and non-methylotrophic acetobacter strains was investigated. a facultatively methylotrophic acetobacter methanolicus (mb58) gets rid of free formaldehyde by assimilating it. heterotrophically growing cells tolerate 12 mm free formaldehyde. non-methylotrophic but methanol oxidizing acetobacter pasteurianus strains possess the same level of formaldehyde resistance. formaldehyde resistance can be drastically lowered down to 4 mm by blocking the formate dehy ... | 1989 | 2775425 |
| cellulose biogenesis in bacteria and higher plants is disrupted by magnetic fields. | 1989 | 2779667 | |
| a biochemical chimera suggesting the existence of at least two dolichol-p-glucose:dolichol-p-p-oligosaccharide glucosyltransferases. | as previously reported, incubation of liver dolichol-p, udp-[14c]gal, and a particulate preparation of acetobacter xylinum leads to the synthesis of dolichol-p-[14c]gal (p. romero, r. garcia, and m. dankert (1977) mol. cell. biochem. 16, 205-212). it is now reported that upon incubation of the latter with rat liver microsomes, [14c-galactose]-gal1man9glcnac2-p-p-dolichol and [14c-galactose]gal1glc1man9glcnac2-p-p-dolichol are formed. the galactosyl residues appeared to be (1,3)-linked in the sam ... | 1988 | 2829724 |
| pyrroloquinoline quinone: excretion by methylotrophs and growth stimulation for microorganisms. | a marked excretion of pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq) by methylotrophs into the culture medium was observed when incubation was prolonged to the late stationary phase. when the organisms were growing vigorously in the early exponential phase, accumulation of pqq was repressed at a low level. some evidence was obtained that the excretion of pqq is related to turnover of quinoproteins of the organisms. the growth stimulation of microorganisms by pqq was demonstrated using acetobacter aceti. the pre ... | 1988 | 2855583 |
| role of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase in acetate synthesis by the acetogenic bacterium, acetobacterium woodii. | carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (codh) plays a key role in acetate synthesis by the acetogenic bacterium, clostridium thermoaceticum. acetobacterium woodii, like c. thermoaceticum contains high levels of codh. in this work we show that crude extracts of a. woodii synthesize acetate from methyl tetrahydrofolate or methyl iodide, carbon monoxide and coenzyme a (coa). the purified codh from a. woodii catalyzes an exchange reaction between co and the carbonyl group of acetyl-coa even faster than the c ... | 1988 | 2855585 |
| [the synthesis and beta-lactamase inhibition activity of p-(3-amido-4-substituted phenyl-2-azetidinonyl-1)-phenylacetic acids and p-(3-amido-4-substituted phenyl-2-azetidinonyl-1)-acetophenones]. | 1988 | 3138889 | |
| preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to cephalexin-synthesizing enzyme from acetobacter turbidans. | eleven monoclonal antibodies against the cephalexin-synthesizing enzyme have been constructed and primarily characterized. these antibodies are all igg1 type, with medium affinity, and with no enzyme-inhibition effect. they will be utilized as immunoadsorbents to purify their corresponding antigen, the enzyme, in one step. | 1988 | 3169806 |
| metabolism of the 18o-methoxy substituent of 3-methoxybenzoic acid and other unlabeled methoxybenzoic acids by anaerobic bacteria. | o-methyl substituents of aromatic compounds can provide c1 growth substrates for facultative and strict anaerobic bacteria isolated from diverse environments. the mechanism of the bioconversion of methoxylated benzoic acids to the hydroxylated derivatives was investigated with a model substrate and cultures of one anaerobic consortium, eight strict anaerobic bacteria, and one facultative anaerobic microorganism. using high-pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectral analy ... | 1988 | 3389815 |
| acetic acid production by an electrodialysis fermentation method with a computerized control system. | in acetic acid fermentation by acetobacter aceti, the acetic acid produced inhibits the production of acetic acid by this microorganism. to alleviate this inhibitory effect, we developed an electrodialysis fermentation method such that acetic acid is continuously removed from the broth. the fermentation unit has a computerized system for the control of the ph and the concentration of ethanol in the fermentation broth. the electrodialysis fermentation system resulted in improved cell growth and h ... | 1988 | 16347520 |
| immobilization of microorganisms by adhesion: interplay of electrostatic and nonelectrostatic interactions. | the adhesion of three microorganisms (saccharomyces cerevisiae, acetobacter aceti, and moniliella pollinis) to different materials has been studied using various supports (glass, metals, plastics), some of which were treated by an fe(iii) solution. the surface properties of the cells were characterized by the zeta potential and an index of hydrophobicity; characterization of the supports involved surface chemical analysis (xps) and contact angle measurements. cell suspensions in pure water at a ... | 1987 | 18581378 |
| regulation of cellulose synthesis in acetobacter xylinum by cyclic diguanylic acid. | cellulose is the most abundant renewable carbon resource on earth and is an indispensable raw material for the wood, paper, and textile industries. a model system to study the mechanism of cellulose biogenesis is the bacterium acetobacter xylinum which produces pure cellulose as an extracellular product. it was from this organism that in vitro preparations which possessed high levels of cellulose synthase activity were first obtained in both membranous and soluble forms. we recently demonstrated ... | 1987 | 18990795 |
| pea xyloglucan and cellulose: vi. xyloglucan-cellulose interactions in vitro and in vivo. | since xyloglucan is believed to bind to cellulose microfibrils in the primary cell walls of higher plants and, when isolated from the walls, can also bind to cellulose in vitro, the binding mechanism of xyloglucan to cellulose was further investigated using radioiodinated pea xyloglucan. a time course for the binding showed that the radioiodinated xyloglucan continued to be bound for at least 4 hours at 40 degrees c. binding was inhibited above ph 6. binding capacity was shown to vary for cellul ... | 1987 | 16665254 |
| in vitro synthesis of cellulose ii from a cytoplasmic membrane fraction of acetobacter xylinum. | the cytoplasmic and outer membranes of acetobacter xylinum (atcc 53582) were isolated by discontinuous sucrose density ultracentrifugation. both lysozyme (ec 3.2.1.17) and trypsin (ec 3.4.21.4) were required for efficient crude membrane separation. primary dehydrogenases and nadh oxidase were used as cytoplasmic membrane markers, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid was used to identify the outer membranes. cellulose synthetase (udp-glucose:1,4-beta-d-glucan 4-beta-d-glucosyltransferase; ec 2.4.1. ... | 1987 | 16593877 |
| a study of predominant aerobic microflora of black bears (ursus americanus) and grizzly bears (ursus arctos) in northwestern alberta. | swab specimens were obtained from nasal, rectal, and preputial or vaginal areas of 37 grizzly and 17 black bears, captured during may to june of 1981 to 1983, to determine the types and frequency of predominant aerobic microflora. bacterial genera most frequently isolated from bears were escherichia, citrobacter, hafnia, proteus, staphylococcus, and streptococcus species, comprising about 65% of the isolates. erwinia, xanthomonas, agrobacterium, rhizobium, and gluconobacter/acetobacter were also ... | 1987 | 3447691 |
| intracellular ph and membrane potential as regulators in the prokaryotic cell. | 1987 | 3295250 | |
| the plasmids of acetobacter xylinum and their interaction with the host chromosome. | acetobacter xylinum contains a complex system of plasmid dna molecules. plasmids of molecular weights or copy numbers different from the original wild-type, are found in different types of mutants. restriction endonuclease digestion and dna/dna hybridization analysis, showed that the plasmids often contained partly, but not completely the same dna sequences. two of these plasmid classes were analysed in more detail, and could be shown to differ in size by about 5 kb. hybridization analysis using ... | 1987 | 3039311 |
| natural abundances of carbon isotopes in acetate from a coastal marine sediment. | measurements of the natural abundances of carbon isotopes were made in acetate samples isolated from the anoxic marine sediment of cape lookout bight, north carolina. the typical value of the total acetate carbon isotope ratio (delta 13c) was -16.1 +/- 0.2 per mil. the methyl and carboxyl groups were determined to be -26.4 +/- 0.3 and -6.0 +/- 0.3 per mil, respectively, for one sample. the isotopic composition of the acetate is thought to have resulted from isotopic discriminations that occur ... | 1987 | 11539717 |
| naturally occurring monobactams. | 1986 | 3521210 | |
| [subordination of the taxa of gram-negative bacteria determined by numerical analysis methods]. | various numerical methods were used to estimate the coordination of taxa of gram-negative aerobic and facultative anaerobic organoheterotrophic and chemolithotrophic bacteria. stable phena were found to be formed by cultures belonging to the families rhizobiaceae, halobacteriaceae, enterobacteriaceae, nitrobacteriaceae (except the genus nitrobacter), and methylomonadaceae (except the genus methylococcus). the unstable position was found in the genera thermus, zoogloea, xanthomonas, sulfolobus, m ... | 1986 | 3523170 |
| [numerical taxonomy of pseudomonads of the diminuta group]. | the taxonomy of the "diminuta" group is discussed. the method of numerical taxonomy was used to characterize 135 strains of 10 species belonging to pseudomonas, gluconobacter and acetobacter in terms of sixty phenotypical features. the similarity coefficients of the strains were calculated with computers. according to the data of numerical analysis, the species p. diminuta and p. vesiculare represent a single phenon different from pseudomonas, gluconobacter and acetobacter species. | 1986 | 3702780 |
| conjugative transfer of the naturally occurring plasmids of acetobacter xylinum by incp-plasmid-mediated mobilization. | broad-host-range plasmids and cloning vectors were conjugatively transferred to acetobacter xylinum. one of the plasmids, rp4::mu cts61, was used for the insertion of tn1 into the 16-, 44-, and 64-kilobase-pair plasmids of a. xylinum. the tn1-labeled plasmids could be mobilized by a helper plasmid. many of the tn1 insertions affected the copy number of the plasmids. | 1986 | 3001030 |
| gel-electrophoretic separation, detection, and characterization of plant and bacterial udp-glucose glucosyltransferases. | we have developed procedures for detection and characterization of udp-glucose: glucosyltransferases following electrophoretic separation in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. using digitonin-solubilized membrane protein preparations from a variety of plants and two cellulose-producing bacteria, activity can be demonstrated for several udp-glucose:beta-glucan synthases with an in situ assay following gel electrophoresis. these enzymes can be characterized within the gels with respect to effector ... | 1986 | 16664924 |
| oxygen isotope exchange between metabolites and water during biochemical reactions leading to cellulose synthesis. | cellulose was produced heterotrophically from different carbon substrates by carrot tissue cultures and acetobacter xylinum (a cellulose-producing bacterium) and by castor bean seeds germinated in the dark, in each case in the presence of water having known concentration of oxygen-18 ((18)o). we used the relationship between the amount of (18)o in the water and in the cellulose that was synthesized to determine the number and (18)o content of the substrate oxygens that exchanged with water durin ... | 1986 | 16665045 |
| immobilization of acetobacter acoti on cellulose ion exchangers: adsorption isotherms. | the adsorptive behavior of cells of acetobacter aceti, atcc 23746, on deae-, ecteola-, teae-, and dehpae-cellulose ion exchangers in a modified hoyer's medium at 30 degrees c was investigated. the maximum observed adsorption capacities varied from 46 to 64 mg dry wt/g resin. the langmuir isotherm form was used to fit the data, since the cells formed a monolayer on the resin and exhibited saturation. the equilibrium constant in the langmuir expression was qualitatively correlated with the surface ... | 1986 | 18555442 |
| immobilized live cell reactor dynamics following dilution rate shift to growth conditions: cell synchrony effects. | nutrient deprivation was used to synchronize an immobilized live cell culture of acetobacter suboxydans. the substrate supply was increased by a step change in the dilution rate to the reactor. oscillations in cell, substrate, and product concentrations were observed. a population balance model was developed to explain the observed reactor dynamics. simulation results based on the model were used to substantiate the premise that cell synchrony is the likely phenomenon responsible for the observe ... | 1985 | 18553803 |
| an unusual guanyl oligonucleotide regulates cellulose synthesis in acetobacter xylinum. | the mechanism of gtp-specific activation of the membrane-bound cellulose synthase system of acetobacter xylinum has been further elucidated. the supernatant fraction derived from washed membranes of this organism contains an enzyme which reacts with gtp to form a low molecular mass, heat-stable compound,tentatively characterized as a cyclic oligonuleotide composed of gmp residues, which is the immediate activator of the cellulose synthase. this activation is reversed by a membrane-bound enzyme t ... | 1985 | 19160595 |
| synthesis of fibrils in vitro by a solubilized cellulose synthase from acetobacter xylinum. | a digitonin-solubilized cellulose synthase was prepared from acetobacter xylinum. when this enzyme was incubated under conditions known to lead to active synthesis of 1,4-beta-d-glucan polymer (cellulose), electron microscopy revealed that clusters of fibrils were assembled within minutes. individual fibrils are 17 +/- 2 angstroms in diameter. evidence that the fibrils were freshly synthesized and cellulosic in nature was their incorporation of the tritium from udp-[(3)h]glucose (udp, uridine 5' ... | 1985 | 17791798 |
| [acetobacter methanolicus--a new organism for genetic studies]. | a new bacterial strain is described belonging to acetobacter methanolicus species. it is of industrial value as a producer of protein and methanol products. the strain is acidophile and this feature comprises a conspicuous technological advantage. the results of bacteriophage and cell interactions are reported. they might be potentially useful for elaboration of the transduction technique for the strain. the collection of mutants was obtained including those utilizing methanol, having auxotrophi ... | 1985 | 3842739 |
| cellulose microfibril assembly and orientation: recent developments. | a brief history of the literature dealing with cellulose microfibril assembly is presented, and a current summary of cellulose microfibril synthesizing complexes among eukaryotic cells is given. terminal complexes not described before include the following: linear terminal complexes (tcs) with three rows in eremosphaera, microdictyon and chaetomorpha; globular terminal complexes in ophioglossum, psilotum, equisetum and gingko. cellulose microfibril assembly in acetobacter xylinum is described ve ... | 1985 | 3867669 |
| single-carbon chemistry of acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria. | methanogenic and acetogenic bacteria metabolize carbon monoxide, methanol, formate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide gases and, in the case of certain methanogens, acetate, by single-carbon (c1) biochemical mechanisms. many of these reactions occur while the c1 compounds are linked to pteridine derivatives and tetrapyrrole coenzymes, including corrinoids, which are used to generate, reduce, or carbonylate methyl groups. several metalloenzymes, including a nickel-containing carbon monoxide dehydrogena ... | 1985 | 3919443 |
| prokaryotic triterpenoids. 1. 3 beta-methylhopanoids from acetobacter species and methylococcus capsulatus. | 3 beta-methylbacteriohopanepolyol derivatives were isolated from three bacteria, acetobacter pasteurianus ssp. pasteurianus, methylococcus capsulatus and nostoc muscorum, and identified by spectroscopic methods and direct comparison with 3 beta-methyldiplopterol and 3 beta-methylhopan-29-ol synthesized from 22-hydroxyhopan-3-one. the 3 beta-methylhopanoid content of a. pasteurianus ssp. pasteurianus could be dramatically increased (up to 60% of the total hopanoid content) by addition of l-methio ... | 1985 | 3926494 |
| prokaryotic triterpenoids. 3. the biosynthesis of 2 beta-methylhopanoids and 3 beta-methylhopanoids of methylobacterium organophilum and acetobacter pasteurianus ssp. pasteurianus. | the incorporation of l-[methyl-3h,14c]methionine or l-(methyl-2h3)methionine into 2 beta-methyldiplopterol of methylobacterium organophilum and various 3 beta-methylhopanoids of acetobacter pasteurianus ssp. pasteurianus showed that all three hydrogen atoms of the transferred methyl group are retained in the triterpenoids. these methylations are compatible with a methylation substrate such as a delta 2-hopanoid in the case of the 2 beta-methylhopanoid biosynthesis and of a delta 2-hopanoid or sq ... | 1985 | 3926496 |
| effects of detergents and phospholipids on the pyridine nucleotide-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase from membranes of acetobacter rancens. | the pyridine nucleotide-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase solubilized and purified from membranes of acetobacter rancens ccm 1774 requires the presence of detergents for activity. while several detergents could stimulate the enzyme activity the stability of the enzyme-detergent complexes was rather low. phospholipid substitution experiments revealed the reversibility of the loss of activity caused by phospholipid removal. enzyme-phospholipid complexes generated from a complex phospholipid fract ... | 1985 | 4084277 |
| identification of acetobacter strains isolated from spoiled lactic acid fermented meat food for pets. | five acetobacter isolates from lactic acid fermented meat food for pets were characterized by 177 morphological, physiological and biochemical traits. four isolates were identified as a. pasteurianus, one as a. aceti. it is emphasized that access of such bacteria to lactic acid fermented foods should be avoided. | 1984 | 6486771 |
| [growth rate of antibiotic-producing gram-negative bacteria on liquid nutrient media]. | glycerol-yeast medium no. 3 may be used as a seed medium in screening of antibiotic-producing strains among acetobacter, gluconobacter, chromobacterium, agrobacterium, and other genera. the medium is transparent. it provides visual instrumental control of the growth rate of the seed material and estimation of biomass augmentation. the period of the exponential phase growth of the strains tested on medium no. 3 was 2-8 hours. when no growth on medium no. 3 is observed media nos. 1 and 2 can be us ... | 1984 | 6524878 |
| purification and properties of nad-dependent 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase from acetobacterium woodii. | an nad-dependent 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase has been purified to homogeneity from autotrophically and heterotrophically grown cells of acetobacterium woodii. the enzymes from the differently grown cells were indistinguishable by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and have a final specific activity of 670 units mg-1. the enzyme is oxygen-labile; therefore, it was isolated under anaerobic conditions in the presence of dithiothreitol. the oxidized enzyme can ... | 1984 | 6608524 |
| [determination of the ecological niche of bacteroides in the gastrointestinal tract--a study of a model of sterile intestines in germ-free animals]. | the interrelations of the population of microorganisms belonging to the genus bacteroides with the structures of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free guinea pigs and mini-pigs have been studied. a considerable part of the population of these anaerobic microorganisms is associated in some way with the intestinal mucosa; at least, quite a number of these organisms inhabit mucins covering the mucosa. the determination of this ecological niche occupied by bacteroids in the ... | 1984 | 6741366 |
| the development of an immobilized lactate oxidase system for lactic acid analysis. | an enzyme designated as lactate oxidase was purified from acetobacter peroxydans by using the partition methods of separation. a de-52 cellulose column was used for the primary purification of lactate oxidase, and the purified enzyme was covalently bound to a porous cellulose bead matrix in which benzoquinone was used as the coupling reagent. the physicochemical properties of the native and immobilized enzymes were determined including molecular weight, cofactor requirements, and optimal reactio ... | 1984 | 18551703 |
| evolution of acetic acid bacteria during fermentation and storage of wine. | acetic acid bacteria were present at all stages of wine making, from the mature grape through vinification to conservation. a succession of gluconobacter oxydans, acetobacter pasteurianus, and acetobacter aceti during the course of these stages was noted. low levels of a. aceti remained in the wine; they exhibited rapid proliferation on short exposure of the wine to air and caused significant increases in the concentration of acetic acid. higher temperature of wine storage and higher wine ph fav ... | 1984 | 16346581 |
| evidence that the rous sarcoma virus transforming gene product is associated with glycerol kinase activity. | this communication provides biochemical, immunological, and genetic evidence that pp60src, the rous sarcoma virus transforming gene product, is associated with glycerol kinase activity. our investigations demonstrated that the compound phosphorylated by pp60src or by glycerol kinase (ec 2.7.1.30) from candida mycoderma share the same electrophoretic and chromatographic mobilities. the glycerol kinase and protein kinase activities of pp60src were inhibited similarly by preincubation with immune i ... | 1983 | 6296132 |
| a kinetic study of the oxidation by molecular oxygen of the cytochrome chain of intact yeast cells, acetobacter suboxydans cells, and of particulate suspensions of heart muscle. | the pre-steady state kinetics of the cytochrome c oxidase reaction with oxygen were studied by a variation in the reaction time between approximately 6 and 25 ms at oxygen concentrations less than 6 mumol/l. for baker's yeast, a pseudo-first-order velocity constant of approximately 150 s-1 at 1.3 mumol/l o2 was obtained corresponding to a second-order reaction between o2 and a3 at a forward velocity constant (k+1) of approximately 3 x 10(7) liter equiv.-1s-1. thus, the membrane-bound oxidase in ... | 1983 | 6303777 |
| a new restriction endonuclease from acetobacter pasteurianus. | a restriction endonuclease, apai, has been partially purified from acetobacter pasteurianus. this enzyme cleaves bacteriophage lambda dna and simian virus 40 dna at one site, adenovirus-2 dna at more than nine sites, but it does not cleave phi x174 dna nor plasmid pbr322 dna. this enzyme recognizes the sequence (formula; see text) and cuts at the sites indicated by the arrows. | 1983 | 6306590 |
| gtp-insensitive ornithine decarboxylase in acetobacteria able to synthesize spermine. | several acetobacteria contained large amounts of spermine in addition to the putrescine and spermidine, which are the polyamines normally found in prokaryotes. a spermine synthase present in cell extracts of these acetobacteria is the first example of this enzyme in prokaryotes. dicyclohexylammonium sulphate inhibited both spermidine synthase and spermine synthase activities in acetobacteria. their ornithine decarboxylase was not stimulated by gtp nor inhibited by ppgpp and pppgpp (magic spots i ... | 1983 | 6411092 |
| the holding time in pure and mixed culture fermentations. | continuous mixed culture fermentations have been studied in the continuous-stirred tank reactor. the residence or holding time, theta, is important in determining which of two mixed organisms shall dominate in numbers. continuous ethanol and acetic-acid fermentations are known to the brewing industry. the continuous production of ethanol and acetic acid are contingent upon the cells of saccharomyces and acetobacter being alive and growing. these are known as growth-associated products. on the ot ... | 1983 | 6422823 |
| solubilization of the udp-glucose:1,4-beta-d-glucan 4-beta-d-glucosyltransferase (cellulose synthase) from acetobacter xylinum. a comparison of regulatory properties with those of the membrane-bound form of the enzyme. | a procedure has been developed for the effective solubilization of udp-glucose:1,4-beta-d-glucan 4-beta-d-glucosyltransferase (cellulose synthase) by treatment of membranes from the bacterium acetobacter xylinum with digitonin. low concentrations of digitonin (0.1%, w/v) cause stimulation of the enzyme activity in membranes; treatment with higher concentrations of digitonin (1-10%) results in solubilization of up to 70% of the digitonin-stimulated activity. the digitonin-solubilized enzyme displ ... | 1983 | 6220005 |
| sulfur metabolism in the biosynthesis of monobactams. | we studied the biosynthesis of monobactams with respect to sulfur metabolism in chromobacterium violaceum, acetobacter sp., and agrobacterium radiobacter. all three organisms used inorganic sulfur for monobactam production. when sulfur-containing amino acids were assayed as a source of sulfur for monobactam production, c. violaceum used cystine but not cysteine or methionine, acetobacter sp. used all three compounds, and a. radiobacter used none. 35s from cysteine, methionine, and sodium sulfate ... | 1983 | 6859838 |
| [lysogeny and lysogenic conversion in methylotropic bacteria. i. demonstration of the lysogenic state of the facultative methanol-assimilating strain of acetobacter mb 58/1 and characterization of its temperate phage mo 1]. | 1983 | 6868653 | |
| [regulation of citrate synthase in facultative methylotrophic bacteria]. | commonly the tca cycle fulfils an anabolic and a catabolic function in case of aerobic chemoorganoheterotrophic nutrition. in methylotrophic growth the tca cycle is dispensable as a bioenergetic pathway. this is reflected by properties of citrate synthase in facultative methylotrophic bacteria. two citrate synthases, a "chemoorganoheterotrophic" one, which is inhibited by nadh (or atp in acetobacter mb 58), and a "methylotrophic" one, which is not or less affected by energy indicators, were foun ... | 1983 | 6880250 |
| [lysogeny and lysogenic conversion in methylotrophic bacteria. ii. lysogenic conversion in facultative methanol-assimilating acetobacter strains]. | the lysogenic state of the methylotrophic strain acetobacter mb 58/1 is completely demonstrated by curing and lysogenization experiments. during these investigations we found that some phenotypic characteristics are modified by the presence or loss of the prophage mo 1. it could be shown that changes of the serological behaviour, the adsorption of the phages and the sensitivity against oxytetracycline are caused by lysogenic conversion. the phenotypic alterations of the bacterial cells induced b ... | 1983 | 6880251 |
| alteration of in vivo cellulose ribbon assembly by carboxymethylcellulose and other cellulose derivatives. | in vivo cellulose ribbon assembly by the gram-negative bacterium acetobacter xylinum can be altered by incubation in carboxymethylcellulose (cmc), a negatively charged water-soluble cellulose derivative, and also by incubation in a variety of neutral, water-soluble cellulose derivatives. in the presence of all of these substituted celluloses, normal fasciation of microfibril bundles to form the typical twisting ribbon is prevented. alteration of ribbon assembly is most extensive in the presence ... | 1982 | 6889605 |
| new restriction endonucleases from acetobacter aceti and bacillus aneurinolyticus. | two restriction endonucleases with new sequence specificities have been isolated from acetobacter aceti ifo 3281 and bacillus aneurinolyticus iam 1077 and named aatii and banii, respectively. based on analysis of the sequences around the restriction sites, the recognition sequences and cleavage sites of these endonucleases were deduced as below: (formula; see text) | 1982 | 6292849 |
| biosynthesis of monobactam compounds: origin of the carbon atoms in the beta-lactam ring. | the biosynthesis of monobactams by strains of chromobacterium violaceum, acetobacter sp., and agrobacterium radiobacter was studied. monobactams were produced during logarithmic growth by c. violaceum and acetobacter sp. and during late log growth on glycerol and in stationary phase by a. radiobacter. the addition of various amino acids failed to significantly stimulate monobactam production in any of the producing organisms. several 14c-amino acids and pyruvate were incorporated in vivo into mo ... | 1982 | 6805424 |
| nickel requirement of acetobacterium woodii. | growth of acetobacterium woodii on h2 and co2 rather than on fructose was dependent on nickel. nickel-deprived cultures growing on fructose did not synthesize acetate from co2; under these conditions hydrogen formation was used as the electron sink. the data indicate that nickel is involved in co2 reduction to acetate in a. woodii. | 1982 | 6807954 |
| reactions of transamination and the role of 4-aminobutyrate in acetobacter shüzenbachii. | 1982 | 6184959 | |
| achievement of high rates of in vitro synthesis of 1,4-beta-d-glucan: activation by cooperative interaction of the acetobacter xylinum enzyme system with gtp, polyethylene glycol, and a protein factor. | regulatory properties of a cellulose synthase (udp-forming)(udpglucose:1,4-beta-d-glucan 4-beta-d-glucosyltransferase, ec 2.4.1.12) have been demonstrated by using enzyme preparations derived from cells of acetobacter xylinum. preparation of a particulate fraction in the presence of 20% (wt/vol) polyethylene glycol-4000 (peg-4000) yields enzyme with activity 3- to 10-fold higher than that previously reported. the enzyme prepared in this fashion also shows a further marked, specific activation by ... | 1982 | 6216481 |
| biosynthesis of polysaccharides in acetobacter xylinum. sequential synthesis of a heptasaccharide diphosphate prenol. | the sequential synthesis in vitro of a heptasaccharide diphosphate prenol, containing glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose in the ratio 4:1:1:1 is described. the enzyme preparation consisted of edta-treated acetobacter xylinum cells and udp-glucose, gdp-mannose, udp-glucuronic acid and tdp-rhamnose were employed as sugar donors. the compounds soluble in chloroform/methanol/water (1:2:0.3) formed from incubations carried out under different conditions in the presence of a variety of com ... | 1982 | 7075605 |
| ecological studies on the occurrence of bacteria utilizing lactic acid at ph values below 4.5. | 1982 | 7118748 | |
| [effect of 1,2,4-triaminotriazole on candida mycoderma catalase in substrate oxidation]. | the effect of 1,2,4-triaminotriazole on the activity of catalase was studied in the resting cells of candida mycoderma when they oxidized glucose, ethanol and other alcohols. the compound was shown to inhibit the activity of catalase in the cells when the endogenous substrate and glucose were oxidized, but it had no effect on its activity during the oxidation of alcohols (c1-c4). catalase is supposed to be involved in the oxidation of lower alcohols forming a complex with them and thus preventin ... | 1982 | 7121327 |
| numerical analysis of frateur's phenotypic data on acetic acid bacteria. | 1982 | 7125638 | |
| [cytochrome pattern of methylotropic acetic acid bacterium mb 58 as dependent on growth conditions]. | in contrast to methylotrophic bacteria investigated up to now the facultative methylotrophic bacterium mb 58 (acetobactersp. mb 58) does not possess a cytochrome aa3-complex, but we could find out cytochrome, cytochrome cco, cytochrome a1, and moreover cytochrome d in dependence on the growth conditions. cytochrome d was found only in stationary phase of heterotrophic growth. under methylotrophic growth conditions cytochrome d could be demonstrated only by lowering of the aeration rate during th ... | 1982 | 7136013 |
| [regulation of pep-carboxylase of the facultative methylotrop acetobacter sp. mb 58]. | acetobacter sp. mb 58 assimilates methanol via the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate variant of the hexulose phosphate pathway. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate originates as net product of an assimilation loop involving the regeneration of the c1-acceptor ribulose-5-phosphate and must be available for the de novo synthesis of the c1-acceptor as well as for the oxidative glycolysis. it is made probable in a regulatory model that this is accomplished via alternating anabolic and catabolic phases which are cont ... | 1982 | 7157842 |
| experimental induction of altered nonmicrofibrillar cellulose. | cellulose produced by acetobacter xylinum was experimentally modified during its biosynthesis. in the presence of fluorescent brightening agents, such as calcofluor white m2r or tinopal lpw, nonmicrofibrillar sheets of cellulose were synthesized by the bacteria. these sheets could then be converted to fibrils by washing with distilled water. possible mechanisms for these modifications of cellulose assembly are disscussed. | 1982 | 17752874 |
| cellulose formation by acetobacter acetigenum in a 50% (w/v) glycerol synthetic medium. | 1982 | 18546133 | |
| a study of acetic acid production by immobilized acetobacter cells: oxygen transfer. | the immobilization of living acetobacter cells by adsorption onto a large-surface-area ceramic support was studied in a pulsed flow reactor. the high oxygen transfer capability of the reactor enabled acetic acid production rates up to 10.4 g l(-1) h(-1) to be achieved. using a simple mathematical model incorporating both internal and external mass transfer coefficients, it was shown that oxygen transfer in the microbial film controls the reactor productivity. | 1982 | 18546351 |
| a study of acetic acid production by immobilized acetobacter cells: product inhibition effects. | acetobacter living cells were immobilized by adsorption onto a ceramic support. the effects of acetic acid inhibition have been studied in a fixed-bed pulsed-flow reactor. provided that sufficient oxygen was available, the concentration of acetic acid was found to be independent of the flow rate. damped oscillations of acetic acid concentration were observed after step changes in dilution rate. the theoretical model developed from steady-state data was successful in predicting the experimental d ... | 1982 | 18548494 |
| requirement for a membrane potential for cellulose synthesis in intact cells of acetobacter xylinum. | the marked lability in cell-free preparations of the enzyme system involved in cellulose biosynthesis in most organisms studied led us to investigate factors responsible for loss of activity on cellular disruption. previous studies have led to the suggestion that the existence of a transmembrane electrical potential (deltapsi) may be one factor responsible for maintaining an active system in intact cells. in this report, we show that dissipation of the deltapsi in metabolizing cells of acetobact ... | 1982 | 16593224 |
| enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose: visual characterization of the process. | cellulose from the gram-negative bacterium acetobacter xylinum has been used as a model substrate for visualizing the action of cellulase enzymes from the fungus trichoderma reesei. high-resolution electron microscopy reveals that a. xylinum normally produces a ribbon of cellulose that is a composite of bundles of crystalline microfibrils. visual patterns of the process of cellulose degradation have been established. enzymes are initially observed bound to the cellulose ribbon. within 10 min, th ... | 1981 | 16592961 |
| [hydrogen peroxide release into the medium by growing and resting yeast cells]. | the yeast candida mycoderma and its mutant lacking cytochrome oxidase and cytochromes b were grown in the glucose-mineral rieder medium and liberated hydrogen peroxide. the evolution of hydrogen peroxide was found also in the resting cells of the parent strain and its mutant when they oxidized glucose, ethanol and endogenous substrates. the evolution of hydrogen peroxide was registered also during the growth of other yeast cultures, in particular, those belonging to saccharomyces and torulopsis. | 1981 | 7024745 |
| [progress of beta-lactam antibiotics. special reference to monobactam (author's transl)]. | 1981 | 7038187 | |
| gluconobacters from honey bees. | fifty-six gluconobacter strains and one acetobacter strain were isolated from honey bees and their environment in three different regions in belgium and identified phenotypically. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the soluble cell proteins showed that two different types exist within the gluconobacter isolates: strains from type a were found in samples of the three regions, whereas strains from type b were only isolated in two of the three regions. both types could occur in bees from the sam ... | 1981 | 7259151 |
| isolation and characterization of a new extracellular polysaccharide from a cellulose-negative strain of acetobacter xylinum. | 1981 | 7260736 | |
| the nitrogen requirements of gluconobacter, acetobacter and frateuria. | the nitrogen requirements of 96 gluconobacter, 55 acetobacter and 7 frateuria strains were examined. only some frateuria strains were able to grow on 0.5% yeast extract broth or 0.5% peptone broth. in the presence of d-glucose or d-mannitol as a carbon source, ammonium was used as the sole source of nitrogen by all three genera. with ethanol, only a few acetobacter strains grew on ammonium as a sole nitrogen source. single l-amino acids cannot serve as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen for gr ... | 1981 | 7342881 |
| effect of molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide on chemo-organotrophic growth of acetobacterium woodii and clostridium aceticum. | during growth of acetobacterium woodii on fructose, glucose or lactate in a medium containing less than 0.04% bicarbonate, molecular hydrogen was evolved up to 0.1 mol per mol of substrate. under an h2-atmosphere growth of a. woodii with organic substrates was completely inhibited whereas under an h2/co2-atmosphere rapid growth occurred. under these conditions h2 + co2 and the organic substrate were utilized simultaneously indicating that a. woodii was able to grow mixotrophically. clostridium a ... | 1981 | 6783002 |
| introduction of bacteriophage mu into bacteria of various genera and intergeneric gene transfer by rp4::mu. | the host range of coliphage mu was greatly expanded to various genera of gram-negative bacteria by using the hybrid plasmic rp4::mu cts, which is temperature sensitive and which confers resistance to ampicillin, kanamycin, and tetracycline. these drug resistance genes were transferred from escherichia coli to members of the general klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, salmonella, proteus, erwinia, serratia, alcaligenes, agrobacterium, rhizobium, pseudomonas, acetobacter, and bacillus. mu phage ... | 1981 | 6450749 |
| methane formation from fructose by syntrophic associations of acetobacterium woodii and different strains of methanogens. | when acetobacterium woodii was co-cultured in continuous or in stationary culture with methanobacterium strain az, fructose instead of being converted to 3 mol of acetate was converted to 2 mol of acetate and 1 mol each of carbon dioxide and methane, showing that interspecies hydrogen transfer occurred. in continuous culture the organisms formed a close physical association in clumps; the doubling time for each organism was 6 h at 33 degrees c. methane mainly was derived from carbon positions 3 ... | 1980 | 6769417 |
| non-specific biosynthesis of gammacerane derivatives by a cell-free system from the protozoon tetrahymena pyriformis. conformations of squalene, (3s)-squalene epoxide and (3r)-squalene epoxide during the cyclization. | 1. a cell-free system from the protozoon tetrahymena pyriformis was incubated with either [12-3h]squalene or (rs)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-[12,13-3h]squalene. squalene was cyclized into tetrahymanol whereas racemic squalene epoxide was transformed into gammacerane-3 alpha,21 alpha-diol and gammacerane-3 beta,21 alpha-diol. after cyclization of (rs)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-[3-3h]squalene, both epimeric gammaceranediols were labelled with a tritium atom located at c-3, showing that no isomerization via ... | 1980 | 6780347 |
| non-specific lanosterol and hopanoid biosynthesis be a cell-free system from the bacterium methylococcus capsulatus. | 1. a cell-free system from the bacterium methylococcus capsulatus was incubated with [12-3h]-squalene; diploptene and diplopterol, normally present in the bacterium, were labelled. 2 the same cell-free system was incubated with (rs)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-[3-3h]squalene. several radioactive 3-hydroxytriterpenes were purifed. lanosterol, which is normally present in this bacterium, was found labelled as well as 3-epilanosterol. in addition, radioactive 3 alpha-hydroxy and 3 beta-hydroxydiploptene ... | 1980 | 6780348 |
| subunit composition and partial reactions of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex of acetobacter xylinum. | 1980 | 6896181 | |
| synthesis of mannosyl cellobiose diphosphate prenol in acetobacter xylinum. | 1980 | 6160815 | |
| [biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose from d-glucose uniformly enriched in 13c (author's transl)]. | 1980 | 7358044 | |
| intermediatry steps in acetobacter xylinum cellulose synthesis: studies with whole cells and cell-free preparations of the wild type and a celluloseless mutant. | intermediatry steps in cellulose synthesis in acetobacter xylinum were studied with resting cells and particulate-membranous preparations of the wild-type strain and of a celluloseless mutant. exogenously supplied [1-14c]glucose was rapidly converted by resting cells of both types into glucose 6-phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate, and uridine glucose 5'-diphosphate (udp)-glucose and incorporated into lipid-, water-, and alkali-soluble cellular fractions. the decrease in the level of labeled hexose-p ... | 1980 | 7410313 |
| [preservation of lyophilized cultures of saprophytic microorganisms]. | all of the tested saprophytic microbial cultures remained viable upon 11--16 years of storage in the lyophilized state at 3--6 degrees. the cultures belonged to the following taxonomic groups: acetobacter, achromobacter, azotobacter, bacillus, chromatium, escherichia, flavobacterium, lactobacillus, micrococcus, proteus, propionibacterium, pseudomonas, rhizobium, sarcina, serratia, streptococcus, torula, mycobacterium, actinomyces. the number of viable cells in the tubes decredased only slightly ... | 1980 | 7412623 |
| calcofluor white st alters the in vivo assembly of cellulose microfibrils. | the fluorescent brightener, calcofluor white st, prevents the in vivo assembly of crystalline cellulose microfibrils and ribbons by acetobacter xylinum. in the presence of more than 0.01 percent calcofluor, acetobacter continues to synthesize high-molecular-weight beta-1,4 glucans. x-ray crystallography shows that the altered product exhibits no detectable crystallinity in the wet state, but upon drying it changes into crystalline cellulose i. calcofluor alters cellulose crystallization by hydro ... | 1980 | 7434003 |
| nutritional requirements and biochemical activities of pineapple pink disease bacterial strains from hawaii. | bacteria which cause pink disease of pineapple, identified on the basis of their nutritional and biochemical activities, were found to belong to three genera. these bacteria include the following species: gluconobacter oxydans, acetobacter aceti, and erwinia herbicola. several pink disease strains required one to three vitamins for growth. both g. oxydans strains 303d and 180 required biotin, nicotinic acid, and pantothenic acid for growth; e. herbicola 189 required only nicotinic acid; however, ... | 1980 | 7436404 |