Publications

limited genetic diversity in the endophytic sugarcane bacterium acetobacter diazotrophicus.	acetobacter diazotrophicus isolates that originated from different sugarcane cultivars growing in diverse geographic regions of mexico and brazil were shown to have limited genetic diversity. measurements of polymorphism in the electrophoretic mobilities of metabolic enzymes revealed that the mean genetic diversity per enzyme locus (among the four electrophoretic types distinguished) was 0.064. the results of the genetic analysis indicate that the genetic structure of a. diazotrophicus is clonal ...	1994	16349254
characterization of genes in the cellulose-synthesizing operon (acs operon) of acetobacter xylinum: implications for cellulose crystallization.	the synthesis of an extracellular ribbon of cellulose in the bacterium acetobacter xylinum takes place from linearly arranged, membrane-localized, cellulose-synthesizing and extrusion complexes that direct the coupled steps of polymerization and crystallization. to identify the different components involved in this process, we isolated an acetobacter cellulose-synthesizing (acs) operon from this bacterium. analysis of dna sequence shows the presence of three genes in the acs operon, in which the ...	1994	8083166
a new gene required for cellulose production and a gene encoding cellulolytic activity in acetobacter xylinum are colocalized with the bcs operon.	recently, it was shown that a cellulose-negative mutant (cel1) of acetobacter xylinum atcc 23769 carried an insertion of an indigenous transposable element (is1031a) about 500 bp upstream of the bcs operon, required for cellulose synthesis. here we show that cel1 can be complemented by wild-type dna covering the insertion point. nucleotide sequencing of this region revealed the presence of two open reading frames, orf1 and orf2. orf2, which is disrupted by the is1031a insertion in cel1, potentia ...	1994	8300521
metabolism of homocetogens.	homoacetogenic bacteria are strictly anaerobic microorganisms that catalyze the formation of acetate from c1 units in their energy metabolism. most of these organisms are able to grow at the expense of hydrogen plus co2 as the sole energy source. hydrogen then serves as the electron donor for co2 reduction to acetate. the methyl group of acetate is formed from co2 via formate and reduced c1 intermediates bound to tetrahydrofolate. the carboxyl group is derived from carbon monoxide, which is synt ...	1994	7747932
is1032 from acetobacter xylinum, a new mobile insertion sequence.	is1031 elements constitute a family of related insertion sequences (is) in acetobacter xylinum strains. a new is1031-related element, is1032, was isolated from a. xylinum atcc 23770. southern hybridization analysis showed that one or more sequences similar to is1032 are present in most of the a. xylinum strains examined. in addition, one copy was detected in acetobacter aceti atcc 15973. the transposition of is1032 was evident from the appearance of an extra insertion in a spontaneous exopolysac ...	1994	7991672
nucleotide sequence and expression analysis of the acetobacter xylinum phosphoglucomutase gene.	the acetobacter xylinum gene (celb) encoding phosphoglucomutase (ec 5.4.2.2) has previously been cloned by complementation of cellulose-negative mutants. in the present report the nucleotide sequence of a 2.0 kb dna fragment containing celb is described. expression analysis using the bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase promoter phi 10 resulted in identification of a probable translational start codon of celb, and this conclusion was confirmed by n-terminal amino acid sequencing of the recombinant pr ...	1994	8025683
genetic analysis of the acetan biosynthetic pathway in acetobacter xylinum.	we have identified, cloned and sequenced an 8422 base pair fragment of acetobacter xylinum genomic dna containing part of the acetan biosynthetic gene cluster. computer analysis of the nucleotide sequence data generated revealed the presence of six open reading frames. comparison of the translated sequences of putative genes to the amino acid sequences of genes from other organisms was used to assign functions to the acea, acec and manb genes. these genes were predicted to encode a udp-glycosyl ...	1994	7727341
structure of the capsular polysaccharide and the o-side-chain of the lipopolysaccharide from acetobacter methanolicus mb 58 (imet b346).		1994	8137368
biosynthesis of a novel polysaccharide by acetobacter xylinum.	an acetobacter xylinum adapted to a medium containing n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) has been used to prepare a novel polysaccharide containing residual glcnac in cellulose. the maximum amount of incorporation was found to be 4 mol% in cellulose, when a mixed medium containing 1.4% glucose (glc) and 0.6% glcnac was used for the culture of a. xylinum. the resulting polysaccharide was lysozyme-susceptible. the aminosugar residue incorporated into bacterial cellulose was found to be only glcnac, even ...	1994	7727342
molecular characterization of microbial alcohol dehydrogenases.	there is an astonishing array of microbial alcohol oxidoreductases. they display a wide variety of substrate specificities and they fulfill several vital but quite different physiological functions. some of these enzymes are involved in the production of alcoholic beverages and of industrial solvents, others are important in the production of vinegar, and still others participate in the degradation of naturally occurring and xenobiotic aromatic compounds as well as in the growth of bacteria and ...	1994	8185833
overproduction and characterization of recombinant udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase from escherichia coli k-12.	using oligonucleotide probes synthesized on the basis of partial amino acid sequences, we have cloned and sequenced the gene of escherichia coli k-12 encoding udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase. the gene consists of 906 base pairs and encodes a polypeptide of 302 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 32,941. its nucleotide sequence was found to be identical with that recently registered (embl, x59940) for a gene coding for an unknown 33-kda protein, which was later annotated as ud ...	1994	7961613
induced circular dichroism study of the aqueous solution complexation of cello-oligosaccharides and related polysaccharides with aromatic dyes.	acetobacter xylinum, grown in the presence of low levels of the water-soluble dye calcofluor white st produces a pellicle of cellulose that has no detectable crystallinity. biological factors of this sort are probably more important than physical factors in controlling the higher order structures of celluloses. circular dichroism (cd) is induced by complexes that are formed by specific interactions between chiral oligosaccharides and dye molecules. using cd, equilibrium constants were measured f ...	1994	7842441
structure of the capsular polysaccharide and the o-side-chain of the lipopolysaccharide from acetobacter methanolicus mb 70, and of oligosaccharides resulting from their degradation by the bacteriophage acm6.	acetobacter methanolicus mb 70 was shown to be related to the type strain of this species mb 58/4 (imet 10945) having the same galactan-->2)-beta-d-gal f-(1-->3)-beta-d-gal p-(1-->as the capsular polysaccharide (cps) and the o-side-chain of the lipopolysaccharide (lps). additionally, a glucan built up of the disaccharide repeating unit-->6)-alpha-d-glc p-(1-->2)-alpha-d-glc p-(1-->was identified in strain mb 70. in the cps, the polymers were present in the ratio approximately 1:1, whereas the gl ...	1994	7512445
structure of the capsular polysaccharide and the o-side-chain of the lipopolysaccharide from acetobacter methanolicus mb 135 (imet 11402).		1994	7512446
effective production of glycosyl-steviosides by alpha-1,6 transglucosylation of dextrin dextranase.	dextrin dextranase (ec 2.4.1.2; ddase), which is produced by acetobacter capsulatus atcc 11894, acted on a mixture of stevioside and starch hydrolysate with isoamylase, so that the enzyme was found to convert stevioside to predominantly mono-glucosyl-stevioside (sg1) and di-glucosyl-stevioside (sg2), and little of the stevioside initially added remained. sg1 was separated into two compounds (sg1a and sg1b) by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. the structures of sg1a, sg1b, and s ...	1994	7524819
a host-vector system for a cellulose-producing acetobacter strain.	an indigenous plasmid, named pah4, was detected in a cellulose-producing acetobacter strain. this plasmid, consisting of 4002 bp, contained an at-rich region and encoded several open reading frames, as deduced by the complete nucleotide sequence. one of the putative open reading frames showed homology with replication proteins of other plasmids. a shuttle vector of escherichia coli and this strain was constructed by connecting pah4 to puc18. electroporation of the shuttle vector into the strain ...	1994	7765516
cloning of the acetobacter xylinum cellulase gene and its expression in escherichia coli and zymomonas mobilis.	a dna fragment corresponding to carboxymethylcellulase activity of acetobacter xylinum ifo 3288 was isolated and cloned in escherichia coli, and the dna sequence was determined. the dna fragment sequenced had an open-reading frame of 654 base pairs that encoded a protein of 218 amino acid residues with a deduced molecular mass of 23,996 da. the protein encoded in the dna fragment expressed in e. coli hydrolyzed a carboxymethylcellulose. this gene was subcloned into the shuttle vector [pza22; mis ...	1994	7765731
factors relevant to the production of (r)-(+)-glycidol (2,3-epoxy-1-propanol) from racemic glycidol by enantioselective oxidation with acetobacter pasteurianus atcc 12874.	acetobacter pasteurianus oxidizes glycidol with high activity, comparable to the oxidation of ethanol. the organism has a preference for the s-enantiomer, and the kinetic resolution process obeys a simple relationship, indicating an enantiomeric ratio (e) of 19. the compound is converted into glycidic acid, although a transient accumulation of glycidaldehyde occurs initially. determination of other parameters revealed a temperature optimum of 50 degrees c, long-term stability (cells in the resti ...	1994	7765650
physicochemical characterization of an acetan variant secreted by acetobacter xylinum strain cr1/4.	chemical mutagenesis has been used to produce mutants of acetobacter xylinum nrrl b42 that are cellulose-negative and that produce variants of the acetan structure deficient in the side-chain sugar residues. the product of a. xylinum strain cr1/4 has been shown to possess a tetrasaccharide repeat unit with the side chain terminating in glucuronic acid. x-ray diffraction studies of oriented fibres suggest that the polysaccharide cr1/4 forms a fivefold helix with a pitch of 4.8 nm. light-scatterin ...	1994	7727347
cloning and expression of the gene encoding alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase from acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum in brewer's yeast.	acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum genomic library was constructed using cosmid pjb8 in escherichia coli. the gene encoding alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase (aldc) was isolated from the library by direct measurement of aldc activity. the aldc gene was expressed by its own promoter in e. coli. the nucleotide sequence was determined, and an open reading frame which may encode a protein composed of 304 amino acids with a molecular weight of 33,747 was found. a brewer's yeast was transformed with the ye ...	1994	7764563
construction of a brewer's yeast having alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase gene from acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum integrated in the genome.	alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase (aldc) gene from acetobacter aceti ssp. xylinum has several possible initiation codons in the n-terminus. to determine the initiation codon of the aldc giving the highest expression levels, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) promoter was linked just upstream of each possible initiation codon. the aldc whose translation starts 130 bp downstream from the first atg codon had the highest activity in yeast cells. when expression levels of the aldc gene wer ...	1994	7764564
ionic adsorption of catalase on bioskin: kinetic and ultrastructural studies.	bioskin is a natural polymer produced by acetobacter xylinum and several yeasts in culture. it contains glucosamine and n-acetyl galactosamine which promote ionic adsorption of catalase at the adequate ph value. high values of ionic strength are required to enzyme desorption. adsorption of catalase on bioskin fibers has been visualized by scanning electron microscopy associated to a dispersion x-ray analyzer. at low enzyme density, the affinity of the immobilized catalase for hydrogen peroxide w ...	1994	7764725
formation, derivatization and applications of bacterial cellulose.	acetobacter xylinum produces highly crystalline cellulose extracellularly using glucose as a carbon source. the polymer formed is free of other biogenic compounds, separable in a simple way and characterized by its high water-absorption capacity. stepwise solvent exchange from water to unpolar solvents leads to a drastic decrease of the water content of the bacterial cellulose without decrease of the highly swollen and activated state. heterogeneous as well as homogeneous derivatizations, e.g. c ...	1994	7727350
structure elucidation and biosynthesis of 31-methylhopanoids from acetobacter europaeus. studies on a new series of bacterial triterpenoids.	apart from a mixture of bacteriohopanetetrols already found in other acetobacter species, four new 3 beta-methylhopanoids have been isolated from acetobacter europaeus. all of them present an ether linkage between a bacteriohopanetetrol or a bacteriohopanepentol and a carbapseudopentose moiety often found in bacterial hopanoids. three of these ethers were shown by comparison with synthetic reference hopanoids to posess a supplementary methyl group at c31. this novel series of methylhopanoids may ...	1994	7957191
structure-function studies on the ubiquinol oxidation site of the cytochrome bo complex from escherichia coli using p-benzoquinones and substituted phenols.	to characterize the structural features of the quinol oxidation site (the ql site) of the cytochrome bo complex, a heme-copper respiratory oxidase in escherichia coli, we carried out structure-inhibitory potency analyses using 7 p-benzoquinones and 33 substituted phenols. their effects on its ubiquinol-1 oxidase activity were compared with those on the cytochrome bd complex in e. coli and on cytochromes o and alpha 1 in acetobacter aceti. they showed similar structural properties of the ql site, ...	1994	7961851
modification of crystallinity and crystalline structure of acetobacter xylinum cellulose in the presence of water-soluble beta-1,4-linked polysaccharides: 13c-nmr evidence.	cellulose produced by acetobacter xylinum in medium containing 0.5% xyloglucan or glucomannan showed altered crystallinities and shifted i alpha/i beta ratios when analysed by solid-state 13c-nmr. by estimating the spectra of cellulose components in each composite, a decreased i alpha content was shown to be countered by increased i beta content in cellulose aggregated in the presence of xyloglucan, causing minimal loss of crystallinity. however, the i alpha decrease was linked primarily to incr ...	1994	7848969
transformation of tetrachloroethylene to trichloroethylene by homoacetogenic bacteria.	eight homoacetogenic strains of the genera acetobacterium, clostridium and sporomusa were tested for their ability to dechlorinate tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethene, pce). of the organisms tested only sporomusa ovata was able to reductively dechlorinate pce with methanol as an electron donor. resting cells of s. ovata reductively dechlorinated pce at a rate of 9.8 nmol h-1 (mg protein)-1 to trichloroethylene (tce) as the sole product. the dechlorination activity depended on concomitant acetog ...	1994	7988892
molecular cloning and characterization of the pgm gene encoding phosphoglucomutase of escherichia coli.	we report here the identification and characterization of pgm, a gene in escherichia coli that encodes the enzyme phosphoglucomutase, specifically required for the catalysis of the interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. the predicted amino acid sequence of the pgm gene is highly conserved in e. coli, acetobacter xylinum, saccharomyces cerevisiae, rabbits, and humans. pgm deletion mutant strains are deficient in phosphoglucomutase activity.	1994	8083177
structure of the acetobacter methanolicus mb 129 capsular polysaccharide, and of oligosaccharides resulting from degradation by bacteriophage acm7.	the capsular polysaccharide of acetobacter methanolicus mb 129 consists of d-glc, d-gal, l-rha, and l-glyceric acid in the molar ratios 1:1:1:0.3. periodate oxidation, methylation analysis, solvolysis with hf, and detailed 1h and 13c nmr analysis resulted in the structure of the repeating unit shown below. [formula: see text] bacteriophage acm7-associated end-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside hydrolase depolymerizes the cps even in the presence of the o-acyl group, to give the respective hexa-, nona-, an ...	1994	8039190
the solution structure of the circular trinucleotide cr(gpgpgp) determined by nmr and molecular mechanics calculation.	the 3'-5' circular trinucleotide cr(gpgpgp) was studied by means of 1d and 2d high resolution nmr techniques and molecular mechanics calculations. analysis of the j-couplings, obtained from the 1h and 13c-nmr spectra, allowed the determination of the conformation of the sugar rings and of the 'circular' phosphate backbone. in the course of the investigations it was found that the karplus-equation most recently parametrized for the ccop j-coupling constants could not account for the measured j(c4 ...	1994	8041628
purification and characterization of the nad-preferring glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from acetobacter hansenii (acetobacter xylinum).	an nad-preferring glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase of acetobacter hansenii (formerly known as acetobacter xylinum) has been purified to apparent homogeneity and kinetically characterized. the purified enzyme was stabilized by the use of glycerol, mgso4, and 2-mercaptoethanol at ph 5.4. the molecular weight of the enzyme, determined by nondenaturing gel filtration, is 243,000. the subunit molecular weight is 60,140 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sugge ...	1994	8179320
a nitrogen-fixing endophyte of sugarcane stems (a new role for the apoplast).	the intercellular spaces of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) stem parenchyma are filled with solution (determined by cryoscanning microscopy), which can be removed aseptically by centrifugation. it contained 12% sucrose (suc; ph 5.5.) and yielded pure cultures of an acid-producing bacterium (approximately 104 bacteria/ml extracted fluid) on n-poor medium containing 10% suc (ph 5.5). this bacterium was identical with the type culture of acetobacter diazotrophicus, a recently discovered n2-fix ...	1994	12232271
bacillus subtilis gtab encodes udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase and is controlled by stationary-phase transcription factor sigma b.	transcription factor sigma b of bacillus subtilis controls a large stationary-phase regulon, but in no case has the physiological function of any gene in this regulon been identified. here we show that transcription of gtab is partly dependent on sigma b in vivo and that gtab encodes udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase. the gtab reading frame was initially identified by a sigma b-dependent tn917lacz fusion, csb42. we cloned the region surrounding the csb42 insertion, identified the reading frame conta ...	1993	8320212
chirality of amino acids of microorganisms used in food biotechnology.	bacteria of the genera acetobacter, bifidobacterium, brevibacterium, lactobacillus, micrococcus, propionibacterium, and streptococcus, which are used as so-called starter cultures for the large-scale production of fermented foods and beverages in food biotechnology, have been investigated for the chirality of their amino acids (aa) by gas chromatography (gc). bacteria were grown in complex media, centrifuged, and washed with 0.85% aqueous nacl. aliquots were totally hydrolyzed (6 m hcl, 110 degr ...	1993	8398596
triggering of cellulase biosynthesis by cellulose in trichoderma reesei. involvement of a constitutive, sophorose-inducible, glucose-inhibited beta-diglucoside permease.	we prepared [u-14c]cellobiose by cultivating acetobacter pasteurianus in the presence of [u-14c]glucose and hydrolyzing the [u-14c]cellulose formed with beta-glucosidase-free cellulase from trichoderma reesei. this 14c-labeled cellobiose was used to investigate the presence of an uptake system for cellobiose in t. reesei. evidence was obtained for the presence of a high affinity (km for cellobiose 0.3 microm) but low activity (2.5 milliunits/mg fungal dry weight) cellobiose permease. the permeas ...	1993	8366083
characterization of a variant of the polysaccharide acetan produced by a mutant of acetobacter xylinum strain cr1/4.	acetobacter xylinum nrrl b42 (ncib 40123) produces both cellulose and a complex anionic branched heteropolysaccharide called acetan. chemical mutagenesis was used to isolate stable cellulose-minus acetobacter xylinum mutants. further chemical mutagenesis of these cellulose-minus a. xylinum bacteria was used to select mutants which secrete polysaccharides which are variants of the acetan structure. preparation, purification and characterization of these polysaccharides are described. methylation ...	1993	8444650
some properties of restriction endonuclease apabi from acetobacter pasteurianus.	a new site-specific endonuclease has been isolated from acetobacter pasteurianus and has been named apabi. the enzyme recognizes 35 cleavage sites on bacteriophage lambda dna, 20 sites on adenovirus-2 dna and 2 sites on plasmid pbr322. the recognition sequence for this enzyme is 3'-cgt/nnnnnacg-5' 5'-gcannnnn/tgc-3'.	1993	8457597
phage acm1-mediated transduction in the facultatively methanol-utilizing acetobacter methanolicus mb 58/4.	phage acm1, generally virulent for the acidophilic facultatively methanol-utilizing strain of acetobacter methanolicus mb 58/4, is also capable of lysogenizing its host strain at a low rate. using amino acid-auxotrophic mutants of a. methanolicus mb 58/4 as recipient strains, transduction of his, leu and tyr markers could be demonstrated in this system. the ability to prepare transducing lysates by propagation of phage acm1 on the prototrophic donor strain a. methanolicus mb 58/4, the transducti ...	1993	8376955
the bradyrhizobium japonicum serocluster 123 hyperreiterated dna region, hrs1, has dna and amino acid sequence homology to is1380, an insertion sequence from acetobacter pasteurianus.	we have sequenced and analyzed the hyperreiterated dna region, hrs1, from bradyrhizobium japonicum usda 424. the 2.1-kb hrs1 fragment is closely linked to the b. japonicum common and genotype-specific nodulation genes in serogroup 123 and 127 strains. southern hybridization analyses indicated that one copy of hrs1 is also located next to the fixrnifa locus in b. japonicum usda 424. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the presence of a 4-bp target site duplication in hrs1 which is identical to ...	1993	8390818
hemicelluloses as structure regulators in the aggregation of native cellulose.	the influence of hemicelluloses on the aggregation of cellulose in higher plant cell walls was modelled by adding hemicelluloses to cultures of the cellulose producer acetobacter xylinum. characterization of the celluloses by x-ray diffractometry showed them to be more like those that occur in higher plants; the coaggregation of the hemicelluloses suggests their occlusion within and between the crystalline domains of the celluloses. the authors propose that hemicelluloses may be primary moderato ...	1993	8485102
characterization of a cytochrome a1 that functions as a ubiquinol oxidase in acetobacter aceti.	the terminal oxidase for ethanol oxidation in acetobacter aceti was purified as a complex consisting of four subunits (subunits i, ii, iii, and iv) with molecular masses of 72, 34, 21, and 13 kda, respectively. spectrophotometric analysis and catalytic properties determined with the purified enzyme showed that it belonged to a family of cytochrome a1 (ba)-type ubiquinol oxidases. a polymerase chain reaction with two oligonucleotides designed for amino acid sequences that are conserved in subunit ...	1993	8392509
genetic organization of acetobacter for acetic acid fermentation.	plasmid vectors for the acetic acid-producing strains of acetobacter and gluconobacter were constructed from their cryptic plasmids and the efficient transformation conditions were established. the systems allowed to reveal the genetic background of the strains used in the acetic acid fermentation. genes encoding indispensable components in the acetic acid fermentation, such as alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and terminal oxidase, were cloned and characterized. spontaneous mutation ...	1993	8092854
a family of is1031 elements in the genome of acetobacter xylinum: nucleotide sequences and strain distribution.	an insertion sequence (here called is1031a) from acetobacter xylinum atcc 23769 has recently been isolated. this study describes the complete nucleotide sequence of is1031a as well as the sequences of two novel iso-is1031 elements, is1031c and is1031d, from a. xylinum atcc 23769. the three iss are all exactly 930 bp long, have imperfect terminal inverted repeats of 24 bp for is1031a and 21 bp for is1031c and is1031d, are flanked by three base pair direct repeats, and contain an open reading fram ...	1993	8412666
a novel quinoprotein methanol dehydrogenase containing an additional 32-kilodalton peptide purified from acetobacter methanolicus: identification of the peptide as a moxj product.	acetobacter methanolicus is a unique acetic acid bacterium which has a methanol oxidase respiratory chain in addition to an ethanol oxidase respiratory chain. in this study, two different forms of methanol dehydrogenase (type i and ii mdhs) were purified from a. methanolicus grown on methanol. type i mdh was more basic (pi of 8.0) and smaller (m(r) of 148k) than type ii mdh (pi of 6.7 and m(r) of 177k). type i mdh consisted of alpha and beta subunits of 62 and 10 kda, which has the same alpha 2 ...	1993	8389187
structural studies of acetan, an exopolysaccharide elaborated by acetobacter xylinum.	the exopolysaccharide acetan, elaborated by acetobacter xylinum, has been investigated. the polysaccharide and a heptasaccharide, obtained on enzymic hydrolysis, corresponding to the repeating unit were characterised by sugar and methylation analysis and by nmr spectroscopy and ms. it is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of repeating units with the following structure. [formula: see text] the polysaccharide further contains approximately two o-acetyl groups per repeating unit, which ...	1993	8370027
zymomonas mobilis--science and industrial application.	zymomonas mobilis is undoubtedly one of the most unique bacterium within the microbial world. known since 1912 under the names termobacterium mobilis, pseudomonas linderi, and zymomonas mobilis, reviews on its uniqueness have been published in 1977 and 1988. the bacterium zymomonas mobilis not only exhibits an extraordinarily uniqueness in its biochemistry, but also in its growth behavior, energy production, and response to culture conditions, as well as cultivation techniques used. this uniquen ...	1993	8477453
characterization of the replicon from plasmid pac1 from acetobacter pasteurianus.	a panel of recombinant plasmids pack5 and pact7 was prepared by introducing kanamycin and tetracycline resistance into the partially split plasmid pac1 which contained replicon isolated from acetobacter pasteurianus. the replicon in plasmid pac1 is compatible with the cole1 replicon. compared to pbr322, the plasmid had more than 30 copies per chromosome in escherichia coli cells. plasmids were transformed into e. coli dh1, acetobacter pasteurianus 3614, acetobacter aceti 3620, shigella, citrobac ...	1993	8447828
cloning and sequencing the reca+ genes of acetobacter polyoxogenes and acetobacter aceti: construction of reca- mutants of by transformation-mediated gene replacement.	the reca+ gene of acetobacter polyoxogenes was cloned as a gene that conferred methyl methanesulfonate resistance (mmsr) on the reca- escherichia coli hb101. the cloned reca+ gene also conferred (i) resistance to uv irradiation, (ii) enhanced intrachromosomal recombination, and (iii) permitted prophage phi 80 induction in e. coli reca- lysogens. nucleotide sequence determination revealed that the reca product consists of 348 amino acids (aa) corresponding to 38 kda, and shows significant similar ...	1993	8486287
a new bacterial cellulose substrate for mammalian cell culture. a new bacterial cellulose substrate.	a new substrate for mammalian cell culture was developed using a cellulose membrane produced by acetobacter aceti. modification of the ionic charge of the membrane and adsorption of collagen to it promoted cellular adhesion to the membrane surface. the growth of eight kinds of cells on the membrane, was comparable to that achieved in plastic petri dishes. the membrane was tested for use in the production of recombinant erythroid differentiation factor (edf)/activin a using genetically engineered ...	1993	7764575
induction by ethanol of alcohol dehydrogenase activity in acetobacter pasteurianus.	the membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) activity of acetobacter pasteurianus nci1380 was enhanced more than 10-fold by the addition of ethanol to the medium. in order to elucidate the mechanism of the ethanol induction, a gene cluster encoding the dehydrogenase and cytochrome c subunits of adh was cloned from this strain, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences and the nh2-terminal sequences determined with purified proteins showed that t ...	1993	8226628
identification and analysis of the rhizobium meliloti exoamonp genes involved in exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and mapping of promoters located on the exohklamonp fragment.	sequence analysis of a 7.494 kb dna fragment from megaplasmid 2 of rhizobium meliloti 2011 involved in exopolysaccharide i (eps i) biosynthesis revealed the presence of five exo genes designated exoa, exom, exon, exoo, and exop. exon was found to show strong homology to a udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase from acetobacter xylinum, whereas exoo displayed weak homologies to the nodc proteins from r. meliloti and r. loti. surprisingly, different mutations in exop resulted in divergent phenotypes. one e ...	1993	8246891
in vitro biosynthesis of acetan using electroporated acetobacter xylinum cells as enzyme preparations.	acetobacter xylinum strain nrrl b42 and its derivative rcgr1 produce a complex exopolysaccharide, acetan, containing glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose in a 4:1:1:1 molar ratio. the in vitro synthesis of acetan, employing electroporated cells as the enzyme system and the respective 14c-labelled sugar nucleotide precursors, is described. the synthesis of the prenyl-linked heptasaccharide repeat unit, already observed in edta-treated cells, was confirmed, as well as the formation of ot ...	1993	8277256
gravity effects on cellulose assembly.	the effect of microgravity on cellulose synthesis using the model system of acetobacter xylinum was the subject of recent investigations using the national aeronautics and space administration's reduced gravity laboratory, a modified kc-135 aircraft designed to produce 20 sec of microgravity during the top of a parabolic dive. approximately 40 parabolas were executed per mission, and a period of 2 x g was integral to the pullout phase of each parabola. cellulose biosynthesis was initiated on aga ...	1992	11541320
transformation of acetobacter xylinum with plasmid dna by electroporation.	genetic analysis of acetobacter xylinum, a cellulose-synthesizing bacterium, has been limited by lack of a successful transformation method. transformation of a. xylinum was attempted using two broad-host-range plasmids (pucd2 and prk248) and a variety of transformation methods. methods using cacl2, freeze/thaw treatments, and polyethylene glycol were unsuccessful. transformation of a cellulose-negative strain of a. xylinum with plasmid dna has been achieved with high-voltage electroporation. el ...	1992	1461938
isolation of a new restriction enzyme, apaci, an isoschizomer of bamhi produced by acetobacter pasteurianus.	a new type ii restriction endonuclease apaci purified from acetobacter pasteurianus is an isoschizomer of bamhi that cleaves at the nucleotide sequence 5'-g/gatcc-3' of double-stranded dna. the single restriction activity present in this strain permits rapidly purified 30,000 units of cleavage activity from 10 g of freshly harvested cells. the resulting apaci preparation is free of contaminant nuclease activities that might interfere with in vitro manipulation of dna.	1992	1493903
construction of shuttle vectors for cloning in escherichia coli and acetobacter pasteurianus.	new cloning vectors were prepared with the aid of a large plasmid isolated from acetobacter pasteurianus and from plasmids pbr322 and puc4-kapa. of the prepared cloning vectors, pack5 contains a gene coding for kanamycin resistance, pact7 and pact71 contain a gene coding for tetracycline resistance and vector pacg3 with a gene coding for both kanamycin and tetracycline resistance. the vectors prepared only contained the beginning of replication from the pac1 plasmid and possessed the ability to ...	1992	1296922
production of cephalexin by gluconobacter oxydans ccrc 10383.	intact cells of gluconobacter oxydans ccrc 10383 produced cephalexin from 7-amino-3-deacetoxy cephalosporanic acid (7-adca) and d-alpha-phenylglycine methylester hc1 (pgm). factors affecting the production of cephalexin by g. oxydans ccrc 10383 were studied. the optimum ph and temperature for the synthetic reaction of cephalexin were 6.0 and 42 degrees c, respectively. a higher concentration of pgm than 7-adca was required to obtain a good yield of cephalexin.	1992	1305772
susceptibilities of bacterial cellulose containing n-acetylglucosamine residues for cellulolytic and chitinolytic enzymes.	detailed characterization of enzyme susceptibility of bacterial cellulose containing n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) residues (n-acgbc) which possess high susceptibility for cellulase and lysozyme and slight susceptibility for chitinase was studied. turbidimetric lysozyme assay of n-acgbc showed that (i) the susceptibilities of various n-acgbcs for lysozyme were proportional to glcnac content, and (ii) n-acgbc homogenates were divided into two groups based on the rate of turbidity reduction (not de ...	1992	1476990
apaci, an isoschizomer of bamhi isolated from acetobacter pasteurianus.		1992	1630925
gene expression in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber: cloning of the mrnas.	cotton, an important natural fiber, is a differentiated epidermal cell. the number of genes that are active in fiber cells is similar to those in leaf, ovule, or root tissues. through differential screening of a fiber cdna library, we isolated five cdna clones that are preferentially expressed in fiber. one of the cdna clones, pcke6, corresponded to an abundant mrna in fiber. transcripts for e6 were detected throughout the development of the fiber. immunoprecipitation of in vitro translation pro ...	1992	1631059
methanol and ethanol oxidase respiratory chains of the methylotrophic acetic acid bacterium, acetobacter methanolicus.	acetobacter methanolicus is a unique acetic acid bacterium which has a methanol oxidase respiratory chain, as seen in methylotrophs, in addition to its ethanol oxidase respiratory chain. in this study, the relationship between methanol and ethanol oxidase respiratory chains was investigated. the organism is able to grow by oxidizing several carbon sources, including methanol, glycerol, and glucose. cells grown on methanol exhibited a high methanol-oxidizing activity and contained large amounts o ...	1992	1323563
homology in the structure and the prosthetic groups between two different terminal ubiquinol oxidases, cytochrome a1 and cytochrome o, of acetobacter aceti.	acetobacter aceti produces two different terminal oxidases dependent on the culture conditions, shaking and static cultures. cells grown on shaking culture contain cytochrome a1, while cytochrome o is present in cells grown on static culture. cytochrome a1 and cytochrome o of a. aceti were compared especially with respect to the protein structure and the prosthetic groups. cytochrome a1 exhibited lower cn sensitivity and higher affinity for o2 than cytochrome o. both terminal oxidases consisted ...	1992	1332965
change of the terminal oxidase from cytochrome a1 in shaking cultures to cytochrome o in static cultures of acetobacter aceti.	acetobacter aceti has an ability to grow under two different culture conditions, on shaking submerged cultures and on static pellicle-forming cultures. the respiratory chains of a. aceti grown on shaking and static cultures were compared, especially with respect to the terminal oxidase. little difference was detected in several oxidase activities and in cytochrome b and c contents between the respiratory chains of both types of cells. furthermore, the results obtained here suggested that the res ...	1992	1729204
nature of plant stimulators in the production of acetobacter xylinum ("tea fungus") biofilm used in skin therapy.	caffeine and related xanthines were identified as potent stimulators for the bacterial cellulose production in a. xylinum. these compounds are present in several plants whose infusions are useful as culture-medium supplements for this acetobacterium. the proposed target for these native purine-like inhibitory substances is the novel diguanyl nucleotide phosphodiesterase(s) that participate(s) in the bacterial cellulogenic complex. a better understanding of this feature of a. xylinum physiology m ...	1991	1929372
isolation, sequencing, and mutagenesis of the gene encoding cytochrome c553i of paracoccus denitrificans and characterization of the mutant strain.	the periplasmically located cytochrome c553i of paracoccus denitrificans was purified from cells grown aerobically on choline as the carbon source. the purified protein was digested with trypsin to obtain several protein fragments. the n-terminal regions of these fragments were sequenced. on the basis of one of these sequences, a mix of 17-mer oligonucleotides was synthesized. by using this mix as a probe, the structural gene encoding cytochrome c553i (cycb) was isolated. the nucleotide sequence ...	1991	1657873
the interaction of methanol dehydrogenase and cytochrome cl in the acidophilic methylotroph acetobacter methanolicus.	the quinoprotein methanol dehydrogenase (mdh) of acetobacter methanolicus has an alpha 2 beta 2 structure. by contrast with other mdhs, the beta-subunit (approx. 8.5 kda) does not contain the five lysine residues previously proposed to be involved in ionic interactions with the electron acceptor cytochrome cl. that electrostatic interactions are involved was confirmed by the demonstration that methanol:cytochrome cl oxidoreductase activity was inhibited by high ionic strength (i), the strength o ...	1991	1660263
evidence for a cyclic diguanylic acid-dependent cellulose synthase in plants.	because numerous attempts to detect an activity for a cellulose synthase in plants have failed, we have taken a different approach toward detecting polypeptides involved in this process. the uniqueness of the structure and function of cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-gmp) as an activator of the cellulose synthase of the bacterium acetobacter xylinum makes it an attractive probe to use in a search for a c-di-gmp receptor that might be involved in the process in plants. direct photolabeling with 32p-c ...	1991	1668373
nucleotide sequence and expression analysis of the acetobacter xylinum uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase gene.	the nucleotide sequence of the acetobacter xylinum uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase gene was determined; this is the first procaryotic uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase gene sequence reported. the sequence data indicated that the gene product consists of 284 amino acids. this finding was consistent with the results obtained by expression analysis in vivo and in vitro in escherichia coli.	1991	1938907
cloning and sequencing of the gene cluster encoding two subunits of membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase from acetobacter polyoxogenes.	the membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) from acetobacter polyoxogenes nbi1028 is composed of a 72 kda subunit and a 44 kda cytochrome c subunit. the amino acid sequences of the two regions of the 72 kda subunit were determined to prepare oligonucleotides for the purpose of amplification of a dna fragment corresponding to the intermediate region by the polymerase chain reaction. a 0.5 kb dna fragment thus amplified was used as the probe to clone a 7.0 kb psti fragment coding for the whole ...	1991	2001402
biogenesis of bacterial cellulose.	cellulose is the most abundant biological polymer on earth. it is found in wood and cotton, and forms the basic structural foundation of the cell wall of almost all eukaryotic plants. bacteria are known to secrete cellulose as part of their metabolism of glucose and other sugars. the focus of this review is upon bacterial cellulose synthesis. we emphasize recent literature directed primarily upon acetobacter xylinum, which has been most widely studied. our review covers the following topics rela ...	1991	2039586
reconstitution of the ethanol oxidase respiratory chain in membranes of quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase-deficient gluconobacter suboxydans subsp. alpha strains.	the ethanol oxidase respiratory chain of gluconobacter suboxydan was characterized by using g. suboxydans subsp. alpha, a variant species of g. suboxydans incapable of oxidizing ethanol. the membranes of g. suboxydans subsp. alpha exhibited neither alcohol dehydrogenase, ethanol oxidase, nor glucose-ferricyanide oxidoreductase activity. furthermore, the respiratory chain of the organism exhibited an extremely diminished amount of cytochrome c and an increased sensitivity of the respiratory activ ...	1991	1646200
an acetobacter xylinum insertion sequence element associated with inactivation of cellulose production.	an insertion sequence (is) element, is1031, caused insertions associated with spontaneous cellulose deficient (cel-) mutants of acetobacter xylinum atcc 23769. the element was discovered during hybridization analysis of dnas from cel- mutants of a. xylinum atcc 23769 with paxc145, an indigenous plasmid from a cel- mutant of a. xylinum nrcc 17005. an is element, is1031b, apparently identical to is1031, was identified on paxc145. is1031 is about 950 bp. dna sequencing showed that the two elements ...	1991	1653216
the n-terminal and c-terminal portions of nifv are encoded by two different genes in clostridium pasteurianum.	the nifv gene products from azotobacter vinelandii and klebsiella pneumoniae share a high level of primary sequence identity and are proposed to catalyze the synthesis of homocitrate. while searching for potential nif (nitrogen fixation) genes within the genomic region located downstream from the nifn-b gene of clostridium pasteurianum, we observed two open reading frames (orfs) whose deduced amino acid sequences exhibit nonoverlapping sequence identity to different portions of the nifv gene pro ...	1991	2022611
cellulose biosynthesis and function in bacteria.	the current model of cellulose biogenesis in plants, as well as bacteria, holds that the membranous cellulose synthase complex polymerizes glucose moieties from udp-glc into beta-1,4-glucan chains which give rise to rigid crystalline fibrils upon extrusion at the outer surface of the cell. the distinct arrangement and degree of association of the polymerizing enzyme units presumably govern extracellular chain assembly in addition to the pattern and width of cellulose fibril deposition. most evid ...	1991	2030672
adhesion of 1-carbon utilizing bacteria to polymeric surfaces.		1991	2037198
polypeptide composition of bacterial cyclic diguanylic acid-dependent cellulose synthase and the occurrence of immunologically crossreacting proteins in higher plants.	to comprehend the catalytic and regulatory mechanism of the cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-gmp)-dependent cellulose synthase of acetobacter xylinum and its relatedness to similar enzymes in other organisms, the structure of this enzyme was analyzed at the polypeptide level. the enzyme, purified 350-fold by enzyme-product entrapment, contains three major peptides (90, 67, and 54 kda), which, based on direct photoaffinity and immunochemical labeling and amino acid sequence analysis, are constituents ...	1991	1647035
purification and properties of nadp-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from acetobacter hansenii (acetobacter xylinum).	the nadp-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from acetobacter hansenii (formerly known as acetobacter xylinum) has been purified to apparent homogeneity. the sequence of the 10 n-terminal amino acids was determined. the subunit molecular weight of the enzyme is 53,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; gel filtration studies under nondenaturing conditions revealed that the molecular weight of the enzyme is 200,000 to 220,000 at ph 6.5 and 9.5, sugges ...	1991	1929428
expression of the core antigen gene of hepatitis b virus (hbv) in acetobacter methanolicus using broad-host-range vectors.	using the broad-host-range promoter probe vector prs201 for cloning of phage acm1 promoters, we established a convenient vector system for expression of heterologous genes in different gram-negative bacteria. the usefulness of this system was demonstrated by expression of the hbv core gene in acetobacter methanolicus. plasmids carrying the hbv core gene downstream of different acm1-phage promoters were transferred to a. methanolicus, a new potential host for recombinant dna expression. using enz ...	1991	1367579
novel insertion sequence is1380 from acetobacter pasteurianus is involved in loss of ethanol-oxidizing ability.	acetobacter pasteurianus nci1380, a thermophilic strain isolated from the surface culture of acetic acid fermentation, showed genetic instability to produce at high frequency spontaneous mutants which were deficient in ethanol oxidation because of the loss of alcohol dehydrogenase activity. southern hybridization experiments with the cloned alcohol dehydrogenase-cytochrome c gene cluster as the probe showed insertion of an unknown dna fragment into a specific position in the cytochrome c gene in ...	1991	1657877
structure of the extracellular polysaccharide of acetobacter methanolicus mb 58/4 (imet 10945).		1991	1802387
structure of the capsular polysaccharide and the o-side-chain of the lipopolysaccharide from acetobacter methanolicus mb 58/4 (imet 10945), and of oligosaccharides resulting from their degradation by the bacteriophage acml.	the capsular polysaccharide (cps) and the o-side-chain of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of acetobacter methanolicus mb 58/4 (imet 10945) have been shown to contain the same disaccharide repeating unit, namely, ----2)-beta-d-galf-(1----3)-beta-d-galp-(1----. degradation of the cps and the lps with the bacteriophage acml gave fragments built up of 1-5 repeating units; the octasaccharide preponderated. the phage-associated depolymerase proved to be a beta-d-galactofuranoside hydrolase.	1991	1811855
identification of a new gene in an operon for cellulose biosynthesis in acetobacter xylinum.	dna sequencing of the region downstream of the cellulose synthase catalytic subunit gene of acetobacter xylinum led to the identification of an open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 86 kda. the deduced amino acid sequence of this polypeptide matches from position 27 to 40 with the n-terminal amino acid sequence determined for a 93 kda polypeptide that copurifies with the cellulose synthase catalytic subunit during purification of cellulose synthase. the cellulose synthase catalytic subu ...	1991	1830823
direct demonstration of enol-oxaloacetate as an immediate product of malate oxidation by the mammalian succinate dehydrogenase.	rapid malonate-sensitive transitory formation of enol-oxaloacetate followed by slow ketonization of the product was observed after addition of malate to the mammalian succinate-ubiquinone reductase in the presence of electron acceptor. the initial rate of enol-oxaloacetate production was equal to that of malate oxidation. oxaloacetate keto-enol tautomerase had no effect on the initial rate of enol-oxaloacetate production nor on the kinetics of malate oxidation; the enzyme drastically accelerated ...	1991	1864383
cytochrome a1 of acetobacter aceti is a cytochrome ba functioning as ubiquinol oxidase.	cytochrome a1 is a classic cytochrome that in the 1930s had already been detected in acetobacter strains and in the 1950s was identified as a terminal oxidase. however, recent studies did not substantiate the previous observations. we have detected a cytochrome a1-like chromophore in acetobacter aceti, which was purified and characterized in this study. the cytochrome was solubilized from membranes of the strain with octyl beta-d-glucopyranoside and was purified by single column chromatography. ...	1990	2263637
acetobacter cellulose pellicle as a temporary skin substitute.	a bacterial strain with morphological and biochemical properties close to acetobacter xylinum has been cultured in nonagitated, inverted sucrose- and yeast water-based medium for the production of thick, smooth, and floating cellulosic pellicles. the cellulose content (greater than 90%, dry weight, depending on the efficiency of water washing) and the beta-d-homopolyglucan nature of these pellicles were assessed by physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods. the apyrogenic bacterial biomass, a mi ...	1990	2353811
purification, properties and recognition sequence and cleavage site determinations of restriction endonuclease from acetobacter pasteurianus ifo 13753 (apali).	a new restriction endonuclease, designated as apali, was purified from cell-free extracts of acetobacter pasteurianus ifo 13753 by streptomycin treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, combined column chromatographies on heparin-sepharose cl-6b and deae-sepharose cl-6b and fast protein liquid chromatography on mono q hr 5/5. the purified enzyme was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. the molecular weight of the purified enzyme was calculated as 26,000 daltons by gel filtrat ...	1990	1369291
biooxidation of a synthetic waste by a microbial film grown on the liquid surface in a shallow flow reactor.	a new process of biological waste treatment was developed by use of microbial films grown on the liquid surface in a shallow flow reactor. the performance of this process was tested using a synthetic waste that contained acetic acid as a model organic pollutant. about 90% of acetic acid (10,000 mg/l-1) in the synthetic waste was removed by setting alpha tau: (alpha specific liquid surface area, cm-1, and tau: hydraulic liquid detention time, h) higher than 15 cm-1/h. it was necessary to maintain ...	1990	2091526
microbial processes for ascorbic acid biosynthesis: a review.	l-ascorbic acid is an important product currently made using the reichstein process, which is mainly chemical. recently, bacteria have been identified that are able to transform in a very efficient way glucose to 2,5-keto-d-gluconic acid and this product to 2-keto-l-idonic acid, precursor of l-ascorbic acid. when the corresponding strains are used together, it is possible to get 2-keto-l-idonic acid directly from glucose. moreover, new strains have been constructed by introducing a gene from a s ...	1990	1366548
cloning and sequencing of the cellulose synthase catalytic subunit gene of acetobacter xylinum.	the gene for the catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase from acetobacter xylinum has been cloned by using an oligonucleotide probe designed from the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the catalytic subunit (an 83 kda polypeptide) of the cellulose synthase purified from trypsin-treated membranes of a. xylinum. the gene was located on a 9.5 kb hind iii fragment of a. xylinum dna that was cloned in the plasmid puc18. dna sequencing of approximately 3 kb of the hind iii fragment led to the identific ...	1990	2151718
cloning of genes responsible for acetic acid resistance in acetobacter aceti.	five acetic acid-sensitive mutants of acetobacter aceti subsp. aceti no. 1023 were isolated by mutagenesis with n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine. three recombinant plasmids that complemented the mutations were isolated from a gene bank of the chromosome dna of the parental strain constructed in escherichia coli by using cosmid vector pmvc1. one of these plasmids (par1611), carrying about a 30-kilobase-pair (kb) fragment that conferred acetic acid resistance to all five mutants, was further a ...	1990	2156811
purification of restriction endonuclease from acetobacter aceti ifo 3281 (aatii) and its properties.	the restriction endonuclease aatii was purified from cell-free extracts of acetobacter aceti ifo 3281 by streptomycin treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, combined column chromatographies on deae-toyopearl 650s, heparin-sepharose cl-6b and deae-sepharose cl-6b and fplc on mono q and on superose 12 (gel filtration). the purified enzyme was homogeneous on sds-polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis. the relative molecular mass of the purified enzyme was 190,000 daltons by gel filtration. the ...	1990	1369309
3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase from acetobacter methanolicus mb58.		1990	2280713
microbiology of 'obiolor': a nigerian fermented non-alcoholic beverage.	obiolor is an acidic non-alcoholic beverage prepared by fermenting sorghum and millet malts. the traditional process for the production and microbiological characteristics of the beverage were investigated. bacillus spp., lactobacillus plantarum and streptococcus lactis were the associated micro-organisms most actively involved. yeasts were present in low numbers towards the end of the fermentation. other micro-organisms isolated did not appear to play a role in the fermentation process. variati ...	1990	2123172
identification of the uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose (udp-glc) binding subunit of cellulose synthase in acetobacter xylinum using the photoaffinity probe 5-azido-udp-glc.	photoaffinity labeling of purified cellulose synthase with [beta-32p]5-azidouridine 5'-diphosphoglucose (udp-glc) has been used to identify the udp-glc binding subunit of the cellulose synthase from acetobacter xylinum strain atcc 53582. the results showed exclusive labeling of an 83-kda polypeptide. photoinsertion of [beta-32p]5-azido-udp-glc is stimulated by the cellulose synthase activator, bis-(3'----5') cyclic diguanylic acid. addition of increasing amounts of udp-glc prevents photolabeling ...	1990	2138620
phthoxazolin, a specific inhibitor of cellulose biosynthesis, produced by a strain of streptomyces sp.		1990	2211353
genetic organization of the cellulose synthase operon in acetobacter xylinum.	an operon encoding four proteins required for bacterial cellulose biosynthesis (bcs) in acetobacter xylinum was isolated via genetic complementation with strains lacking cellulose synthase activity. nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that the cellulose synthase operon is 9217 base pairs long and consists of four genes. the four genes--bcsa, bcsb, bcsc, and bcsd--appear to be translationally coupled and transcribed as a polycistronic mrna with an initiation site 97 bases upstream of the codin ...	1990	2146681
selective and rapid solubilization of the microbial membrane enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase.	an improved solubilization procedure for the membrane-bound quinoprotein aldehyde dehydrogenase from acetobacter rancens ccm 1774 was established. after the first solubilization of membrane enzymes by brij 35 which provided important extraction of membrane proteins other than aldehyde dehydrogenase, the application of trition x-100 resulted in an almost 20-fold purification of quinoprotein aldehyde dehydrogenase. the optimal solubilization was closely connected with definite detergent/protein ra ...	1990	2384875
the cyclic diguanylic acid regulatory system of cellulose synthesis in acetobacter xylinum. chemical synthesis and biological activity of cyclic nucleotide dimer, trimer, and phosphothioate derivatives.	an unusual compound, cyclic-bis(3'----5') diguanylic acid (c-di-gmp or cgpgp), is involved in the regulation of cellulose synthesis in the bacterium acetobacter xylinum. this cyclic dinucleotide acts as an allosteric, positive effector of cellulose synthase activity in vitro (ka = 0.31 microm) and is inactivated via degradation by a ca2(+)-sensitive phosphodiesterase, pde-a (km = 0.25 microm). a series of 13 analogs cyclic dimer and trimer nucleotides were synthesized, employing a phosphotrieste ...	1990	2172238
[the thiobarbituric method for analyzing sugars. iii. a method for studying sorbitol dehydrogenase activity].	a method for studying of sorbitol dehydrogenase activity of acetobacter suboxydans has been worked out which can be applied to other microbe cells too. the enzyme transformation of d-sorbitol into l-sorbose is determined through the reaction between ketohexose and 2-thiobarbituric acid under heating in 1 m oxalic acid (ph = 0.64) medium for 15 or 30 min. the yellow-coloured product was measured at 400 nm. the method is characterized with its high specificity, good reproducibility and accuracy, w ...	1990	2382593
atomic-resolution structure of the cellulose synthase regulator cyclic diguanylic acid.	cyclic diguanylic acid acts as a regulator for cellulose synthase activity in the bacterium acetobacter xylinum. we report the x-ray crystal structure of the regulator at atomic resolution. the structure contains two independent molecules that adopt almost identical conformations. the two molecules form self-intercalated units that are stacked on each other. two different g.g base-pairing modes occur between the stacks. the more stable one has two or possibly three hydrogen bonds between two gua ...	1990	2158107