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Genome-wide phylogenetic analysis of differences in thermotolerance among closely related Acetobacter pasteurianus strains.Acetobacter pasteurianus is a Gram-negative strictly aerobic bacterium that is widely used for the industrial production of vinegar. Three Acetobacter pasteurianus strains, SKU1108, NBRC 3283 and IFO 3191, have the same 16S rRNA sequence (100?% sequence identity) but show differences in thermotolerance. To clarify the relationships between phylogeny and thermotolerance of these strains, genome-wide analysis of these three strains was performed. Concatenated phylogenetic analysis of a dataset of ...201222016572
biodiversity of yeasts, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria in the fermentation of "shanxi aged vinegar", a traditional chinese vinegar.shanxi aged vinegar is a famous traditional chinese vinegar made from several kinds of cereal by spontaneous solid-state fermentation techniques. in order to get a comprehensive understanding of culturable microorganism's diversity present in its fermentation, the indigenous microorganisms including 47 yeast isolates, 28 lactic acid bacteria isolates and 58 acetic acid bacteria isolates were recovered in different fermenting time and characterized based on a combination of phenotypic and genotyp ...201222265314
Simultaneous degradation of bad wine and electricity generation with the aid of the coexisting biocatalysts Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus.This study describes the cooperative effect of the two biocatalysts Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter roseus for biodegradation as well as current generation. The electro activity of the biofilms of these two microorganisms was investigated by the bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol and glucose using cyclic voltammetry. Two chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were constructed using single culture of A. aceti (A-MFC), and G. roseus (G-MFC) and also using mixed culture (AG-MFC). Each MFC wa ...201222130075
identification of yeast and acetic acid bacteria isolated from the fermentation and acetification of persimmon (diospyros kaki).persimmon (diospyros kaki) is a seasonal fruit with important health benefits. in this study, persimmon use in wine and condiment production was investigated using molecular methods to identify the yeast and acetic acid bacteria (aab) isolated from the alcoholic fermentation and acetification of the fruit. alcoholic fermentation was allowed to occur either spontaneously, or by inoculation with a commercial saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strain, while acetification was always spontaneous; all thes ...201222265289
species diversity, community dynamics, and metabolite kinetics of the microbiota associated with traditional ecuadorian spontaneous cocoa bean fermentations.traditional fermentations of the local ecuadorian cocoa type nacional, with its fine flavor, are carried out in boxes and on platforms for a short time. a multiphasic approach, encompassing culture-dependent and -independent microbiological analyses of fermenting cocoa pulp-bean samples, metabolite target analyses of both cocoa pulp and beans, and sensory analysis of chocolates produced from the respective fermented dry beans, was applied for the investigation of the influence of these fermentat ...201121926224
diversity of acetic acid bacteria present in healthy grapes from the canary islands.the identification of acetic acid bacteria (aab) from sound grapes from the canary islands is reported in the present study. no direct recovery of bacteria was possible in the most commonly used medium, so microvinifications were performed on grapes from tenerife, la palma and lanzarote islands. up to 396 aab were isolated from those microvinifications and identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. with this method, acetobacter pasteurianus, acetobacter tropicalis, glucono ...201121903289
Gene cloning and characterization of a-amino acid ester acyl transferase in Empedobacter brevis ATCC14234 and Sphingobacterium siyangensis AJ2458.The gene encoding a-amino acid ester acyl transferase (AET), the enzyme that catalyzes the peptide-forming reaction from amino acid methyl esters and amino acids, was cloned from Empedobacter brevis ATCC14234 and Sphingobacterium siyangensis AJ2458 and expressed in Escherichia coli. This is the first report on the aet gene. It encodes a polypeptide composed of 616 (ATCC14234) and 619 (AJ2458) amino acids residues. The V(max) values of these recombinant enzymes during the catalysis of L-alanyl-L- ...201122056425
assessment of bacterial diversity in selected philippine fermented food products through pcr-dgge.the bacterial population in several philippine fermented food preparations was assessed by pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) of the 16s rrna gene (16s rdna). genomic dna was isolated directly from alamang (fermented shrimp paste), burong isda (fermented fish and rice), burong hipon (fermented shrimp and rice), burong mustasa (fermented mustard leaves), tuba (sugar cane wine), suka (vinegar) and sinamak (spiced vinegar) using one of two protocols, namely - mobio dna extractio ...201122146687
membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase is essential for glyceric acid production in acetobacter tropicalis.acetobacter tropicalis nbrc16470 can produce highly enantiomerically pure d-glyceric acid (d-ga; >99 % enantiomeric excess) from glycerol. to investigate whether membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase (madh) is involved in ga production in a. tropicalis, we amplified part of the gene encoding madh subunit i (adha) using polymerase chain reaction and constructed an adha-disrupted mutant of a. tropicalis (δadha). because δadha did not produce ga, we confirmed that madh is essential for the conversio ...201121852749
Global analysis of the genes involved in the thermotolerance mechanism of thermotolerant Acetobacter tropicalis SKU1100.Acetobacter tropicalis SKU1100 is a thermotolerant acetic acid bacterium that grows even at 42 °C, a much higher temperature than the limit for the growth of mesophilic strains. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the thermotolerance of this strain, we attempted to identify the genes essential for growth at high temperature by transposon (Tn10) mutagenesis followed by gene or genome analysis. Among the 4,000 Tn10-inserted mutants obtained, 32 exhibited a growth phenotype comparable to that of ...201121979075
proteome analysis of acetobacter pasteurianus during acetic acid fermentation.acetic acid bacteria (aab) are gram-negative, strictly aerobic microorganisms that show a unique resistance to ethanol (etoh) and acetic acid (ach). members of the acetobacter and gluconacetobacter genera are capable of transforming etoh into ach via the alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) enzymes and are used for the industrial production of vinegar. several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how aab resist high concentrations of ach, such as the assimilation of ...201122155126
Drosophila microbiome modulates host developmental and metabolic homeostasis via insulin signaling.The symbiotic microbiota profoundly affect many aspects of host physiology; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying host-microbe cross-talk are largely unknown. Here, we show that the pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (PQQ-ADH) activity of a commensal bacterium, Acetobacter pomorum, modulates insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) in Drosophila to regulate host homeostatic programs controlling developmental rate, body size, energy metabolism, and intestina ...201122053049
the microbial diversity of water kefir.the microbial diversity of water kefir, made from a mixture of water, dried figs, a slice of lemon and sucrose was studied. the microbial consortia residing in the granules of three water kefirs of different origins were analyzed. a collection of 453 bacterial isolates was obtained on different selective/differential media. bacterial isolates were grouped with randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-pcr analyses. one representative of each rapd genotype was identified by comparative 16s rdna g ...201122000549
is the regulation of insulin signaling multi-organismal?the sustained health of an individual animal depends on the composition and activities of its resident microbiota. a major challenge is to identify the processes by which the microbiota and animal interact, recognizing that this research should lead ultimately to novel strategies to promote human health. drosophila is emerging as a tractable model system to investigate these interactions. new evidence reveals that the gut microbiota promotes insulin signaling in drosophila, leading to increased ...201122169475
low-diversity bacterial community in the gut of the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster.the bacteria in the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster of different life stages was quantified by 454 pyrosequencing of 16s rrna gene amplicons. the sequence reads were dominated by 5 operational taxonomic units (otus) at ≤ 97% sequence identity that could be assigned to acetobacter pomorum, a. tropicalis, lactobacillus brevis, l. fructivorans and l. plantarum. the saturated rarefaction curves and species richness indices indicated that the sampling (85 000-159 000 reads per sample) was comprehens ...201121631690
n-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate deacetylase (naga) is required for n-acetyl glucosamine assimilation in gluconacetobacter xylinus.metabolic pathways for amino sugars (n-acetylglucosamine; glcnac and glucosamine; gln) are essential and remain largely conserved in all three kingdoms of life, i.e., microbes, plants and animals. upon uptake, in the cytoplasm these amino sugars undergo phosphorylation by phosphokinases and subsequently deacetylation by the enzyme n-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate deacetylase (naga) to yield glucosamine-6-phosphate and acetate, the first committed step for both glcnac assimilation and amino-sugar- ...201121655093
spontaneous organic cocoa bean box fermentations in brazil are characterized by a restricted species diversity of lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria.spontaneous organic cocoa bean box fermentations were carried out on two different farms in brazil. physical parameters, microbial growth, bacterial species diversity [mainly lactic acid bacteria (lab) and acetic acid bacteria (aab)], and metabolite kinetics were monitored, and chocolates were produced from the fermented dry cocoa beans. the main end-products of the catabolism of the pulp substrates (glucose, fructose, and citric acid) by yeasts, lab, and aab were ethanol, lactic acid, mannitol, ...201121839382
nitrogen fixation in asaia sp. (family acetobacteraceae).the genus asaia (family acetobacteraceae) was first introduced with a single species-asaia bogorensis and later six more species were described namely a. siamensis, a. krungthepensis, a. lannaensis, a. platycodi, a. prunellae, and a. astilbes. acetobacteraceae family has been divided into ten genera but, only three of them include nitrogen fixing species: gluconacetobacter, acetobacter, and swaminathania. this article originated from our study primarily aimed to isolate new endosymbiotic nitroge ...201121681635
mercuric ion stabilizes levansucrase secreted by acetobacter nitrogenifigens strain rg1(t).the purification and characterization of an extracellular levansucrase enzyme produced by novel nitrogen-fixer acetobacter nitrogenifigens strain rg1(t) is described. culture conditions were optimized for maximum levansucrase production. levansucrase purified to homogeneity by tenfold purification has a molecular weight of 65 kda, contained four cysteine residues, polymerized raffinose and was stable for 21 days at ph 6.0 when stored at 4 °c or -20 °c but was vulnerable to dtt and β-mercaptoetha ...201121487805
molecular cloning and characterization of two inducible nad(+)-adh genes encoding nad(+)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases from acetobacter pasteurianus sku1108.the cytosolic nad(+)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (nad(+)-adhs) are induced in the quinoprotein adh-(pqq-adh) defective acetobacter pasteurianus sku1108 mutant during growth in an ethanol medium. the adhi and adhii genes, which encode nad(+)-adh i and adh ii, respectively, of this strain have been cloned and characterized. sequence analyses have revealed that the adhi gene consists of 1029bp coding for 342 amino acids, which share 99.71% identity with the same protein from a. pasteurianus if ...201121843965
microbial dynamics during aerobic exposure of corn silage stored under oxygen barrier or polyethylene films.the aims were to compare the effects of sealing forage maize with a new oxygen barrier film or with a conventional polyethylene film. this comparison would be during both ensilage and subsequent exposure of silage to air, and would include chemical, microbiological and molecular (dna and rna) assessments. the forage was inoculated with a mixture of lactobacillus buchneri, lb. plantarum, and enterococcus faecium and ensiled in polyethylene (pe) and oxygen barrier (ob) plastic bags. the oxygen per ...201121821764
effects of cmc addition on bacterial cellulose production in a biofilm reactor and its paper sheets analysis.bacterial cellulose (bc) can be grown into any desired shape such as pellicles, pellets, and spherelike balls, depending on the cultivation method, additives, and cell population. in this study, acetobacter xylinum (atcc 700178) was grown in the production medium with different concentrations of carboxylmethylcellulose (cmc) and were evaluated for bc production by using a pcs biofilm reactor. the results demonstrated that bc production was enhanced to its maximum (∼13 g/l) when 1.5% of cmc was a ...201121250667
Sergei Winogradsky: a founder of modern microbiology and the first microbial ecologist.Sergei Winogradsky, was born in Russia in 1856 and was to become a founder of modern microbiology. After his Master's degree work on the nutrition and growth physiology of the yeast Mycoderma vini at the University of St. Petersburg, he joined the laboratory of Anton DeBary in Strassburg. There he carried out his studies on the sulfur-oxidizing bacterium Beggiatoa which resulted in his formulation of the theory of chemolithotrophy. He then joined the Swiss Polytechnic Institute in Zurich where h ...201122092289
Changes in the gene expression profile of Acetobacter aceti during growth on ethanol.Acetobacter aceti NBRC 14818 shows a diauxic growth profile and temporarily accumulates acetate when grown in medium containing ethanol. However, the mechanisms underlying the metabolic switching between the incomplete oxidation of ethanol and overoxidation of acetate, and the control of stress resistance systems in A. aceti cells grown on ethanol are not fully understood. In this study, time-dependent transcriptome changes in cells during growth on ethanol were analyzed by DNA microarray. In A. ...201122153844
optimization of culture conditions to produce high yields of active acetobacter sp. cctcc m209061 cells for anti-prelog reduction of prochiral ketones.chiral alcohols are widely used in the synthesis of chiral pharmaceuticals, flavors and functional materials and appropriate whole-cell biocatalysts offer a highly enantioselective, minimally polluting route to these valuable compounds. the recently isolated strain acetobacter sp. cctcc m209061 showed exclusive anti-prelog stereoselectivity for the reduction of prochiral ketones, but the low biomass has limited its commercialization and industrial applications. to tackle this problem, the effect ...201122099947
molecular determinants for substrate selectivity of ω-transaminases.ω-transaminase (ω-ta) is an industrially important enzyme for production of chiral amines. about 20 (s)-specific ω-tas known to date show remarkably similar substrate selectivity characterized by stringent steric constraint precluding entry of a substituent larger than an ethyl group in the small binding pocket (s) and dual recognition of an aromatic substituent as well as a carboxylate group in the large pocket (l). the strictly defined substrate selectivity of the available ω-tas remains a lim ...201121983703
the microbial ecology of wine grape berries.grapes have a complex microbial ecology including filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria with different physiological characteristics and effects upon wine production. some species are only found in grapes, such as parasitic fungi and environmental bacteria, while others have the ability to survive and grow in wines, constituting the wine microbial consortium. this consortium covers yeast species, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria. the proportion of these microorganisms depends on th ...201122189021
modulatory effect of acetobacter xylinum cellulose on peritoneal macrophages.the present work aimed to assess the effect of bacterial cellulose (bc) from acetobacter xylinum on some functions of peritoneal macrophages.201120536339
characterization of rpoh in acetobacter pasteurianus nbrc3283.the rpoh in acetobacter pasteurianus nbrc3283 was characterized. it was revealed that the rpoh controls the expression of groel, dnakj, grpe, and clpb to different extents. in addition, the rpoh disruption mutant became apt to be affected by heat, ethanol, and acetic acid, indicating its importance in acetic acid fermentation.201121239225
neokomagataea gen. nov., with descriptions of neokomagataea thailandica sp. nov. and neokomagataea tanensis sp. nov., osmotolerant acetic acid bacteria of the +¦-proteobacteria.isolates ah11(t) and ah13(t) were isolated from flowers of lantana and candle bush respectively collected in thailand. in phylogenetic trees based on 16s rrna gene sequences, the two isolates formed an independent cluster, which was then connected to the type strain of saccharibacter floricola. the calculated pair-wise 16s rrna gene sequence similarities of isolate ah11(t) were 95.7-92.3% to the type strains of the type species of the 12 genera of acetic acid bacteria. the dna base composition w ...201121389630
monitoring the bacterial community of maize silage stored in a bunker silo inoculated with enterococcus faecium, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus buchneri.to monitor variations in the bacterial community and fermentation products of maize silage within and between bunker silos.201121447012
bacterial cellulose as a potential vascular graft: mechanical characterization and constitutive model development.bacterial cellulose (bc) is a polysaccharide produced by acetobacter xylinum bacteria with interesting properties for arterial grafting and vascular tissue engineering including high-burst pressure, high-water content, high crystallinity, and an ultrafine highly pure fibrous structure similar to that of collagen. given that compliance mismatch is one of the main factors contributing to the development of intimal hyperplasia in vascular replacement conduits, an in depth investigation of support m ...201121290588
increased number of arginine-based salt bridges contributes to the thermotolerance of thermotolerant acetic acid bacteria, acetobacter tropicalis sku1100.thermotolerant acetic acid bacteria (aab), acetobacter tropicalis sku1100, can grow above 40°c. to investigate the basis of its thermotolerance, we compared the genome of a. tropicalis sku1100 with that of mesophilic aab strain acetobacter pasteurianus ifo3283-01. the comparative genomic study showed that amino acid substitutions from large to small residue and lys to arg occur in many orthologous genes. furthermore, comparative modeling study was carried out with the orthologous proteins betwee ...201121554859
monitoring the microbial community during solid-state acetic acid fermentation of zhenjiang aromatic vinegar.zhenjiang aromatic vinegar is one of the most famous chinese traditional vinegars. in this study, change of the microbial community during its fermentation process was investigated. dgge results showed that microbial community was comparatively stable, and the diversity has a disciplinary series of changes during the fermentation process. it was suggested that domestication of microbes and unique cycle-inoculation style used in the fermentation of zhenjiang aromatic vinegar were responsible for ...201121645817
identification of acetobacter strains from thai fermented rice products based on the 16s rrna gene sequence and 16s-23s rrna gene internal transcribed spacer restriction analyses.background: fermented rice flour (khao-khab, a non-glutinous rice) and related products are thai traditional products. the types of acetic acid bacteria (aab) microflora in khao-khab have not been reported. in this study, acetobacter strains were isolated and identified based on the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and molecular aspects. results: twenty-five acetic acid bacteria isolated from fermented rice products and a starter for sweetened rice in thailand by an enrichment cultu ...201121717464
evaluation and optimisation of bacterial genomic dna extraction for no-culture techniques applied to vinegars.direct genomic dna extraction from vinegars was set up and suitability for pcr assays performed by pcr/dgge and sequencing of 16s rrna gene. the method was tested on 12 intermediary products of special vinegars, fruit vinegars and condiments produced from different raw materials and procedures. dnas extraction was performed on pellets by chemical, enzymatic, resin mediated methods and their modifications. suitable yield and dna purity were obtained by modification of a method based on the use of ...201121839388
investigation into the structural, morphological, mechanical and thermal behaviour of bacterial cellulose after a two-step purification process.bacterial cellulose (bc) is a natural hydrogel, which is produced by acetobacter xylinum (recently renamed gluconacetobacter xylinum) in culture and constitutes of a three-dimensional network of ribbon-shaped bundles of cellulose microfibrils. here, a two-step purification process is presented that significantly improves the structural, mechanical, thermal and morphological behaviour of bc sheet processed from these hydrogels produced in static culture. alkalisation of bc using a single-step tre ...201121835613
Acetobacter farinalis sp. nov., an acetic acid bacterium in the +¦-Proteobacteria. 201121817828
small calibre biosynthetic bacterial cellulose blood vessels: 13-months patency in a sheep model.abstract objectives. many patients in need of bypass surgery lack graft material and current synthetic alternatives have poor performance. a 4 mm vascular graft composed of bacterial cellulose (bc) was developed and tested in pilot study in a large animal model. design. bc is a biopolymer made by the bacteria acetobacter xylinum. bc grafts (n = 16) with 4 cm length and 4 mm internal diameter were implanted bilaterally in the carotid arteries of eight sheep. no long-term antithrombotic therapy ...201122029845
biocompatibility and growth of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts on biosynthesized cellulose-chitosan film.bacterial cellulose (bc)-chitosan (bcc) films made via bio-co-polymerization by acetobacter xylinum were developed and characterized for physical and biological properties. with the incorporation of chitosan mw 3 x 10(4) and 8 x 10(4) into bacterial cellulose, the modified films (bcc-mw 30,000 and bcc-mw 80,000, respectively) became denser, with a smaller average pore size of 13.1-15.3 nm in dry form. the bcc films have no toxicity against l929 mouse fibroblast cells. tissue compatibility was th ...201020507705
direct visualization of the enzymatic digestion of a single fiber of native cellulose in an aqueous environment by atomic force microscopy.atomic force microscopy (afm) was used to study native cellulose films prepared from a bacterial cellulose source, acetobacter xylinum, using a novel application of the langmuir-blodgett technique. these films allowed high-resolution afm images of single fibers and their microfibril structure to be obtained. two types of experiments were performed. first, the fibers were characterized using samples that were dried after lb deposition. next, novel protocols that allowed us to image single fibers ...201020170174
identification and quantification of acetic acid bacteria in wine and vinegar by taqman-mgb probes.a real-time pcr (rt-pcr) assay was developed using taqman minor groove binder (mgb) probes for the specific detection and quantification of five acetic acid bacteria (aab) species (acetobacter pasteurianus, acetobacter aceti, gluconacetobacter hansenii, gluconacetobacter europaeus and gluconobacter oxydans) in wine and vinegar. the primers and probes, designed from the 16s rrna gene, showed good specificity with the target aab species. the technique was tested on aab grown in glucose medium (gy) ...201020141944
[acclimating, screening of dominant bacteria for degrading pentachlorophenol and its degradation condition study].to acclimate, screen the dominant bacteria for degrading pentachlorophenol and its growth characteristics and degradation conditions study.201021351649
cloning and functional analysis of adhs gene encoding quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase subunit iii from acetobacter pasteurianus sku1108.the adhs gene which encodes the smallest subunit, subunit iii, of quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase (pqq-adh) from acetobacter pasteurianus sku1108 has been cloned and characterized. the role of this subunit on the function of pqq-adh was investigated by construction of adhs gene disruptant and mutants. the adhs gene disruptant completely lost its pqq-adh activity and acetate-producing ability but retained acetic acid toleration. in contrast, this disruptant grew well, even better than the wild ...201020096472
population dynamics of acetic acid bacteria during traditional wine vinegar production.the population dynamics of acetic acid bacteria in traditional vinegar production was determined in two independent vinegar plants at both the species and strain level. the effect of barrels made of four different woods upon the population dynamics was also determined. acetic acid bacteria were isolated on solid media and the species were identified by rflp-pcr of 16s rrna genes and confirmed by 16s rrna gene sequencing, while strains were typed by eric-pcr and (gtg)(5)-rep-pcr. the most widely ...201020117853
elevation of ceramide in acetobacter malorum s24 by low ph stress and high temperature stress.acetic acid bacteria have unique and highly pure membrane lipid components, such as 2-hydroxypalmitoyl-sphinganine (dihydroceramide) and can grow and produce acetic acid at around ph 3.0, suggesting that ceramide in cell membranes may be involved in the tolerance to acidic ph. acetobacter malorum s24 was selected for the production of ceramide and grown in ypg medium containing 0.8% ethanol. ceramide biosynthesis was induced at ph 4 and below, suggesting that ceramide biosynthesis is induced by ...201020129078
bacterial cellulose nanocrystals exhibiting high thermal stability and their polymer nanocomposites.nanocrystals prepared from bacterial cellulose are considered as 'green nanomaterials' depending on their renewable nature and ease of production without the involvement of hazardous chemical treatments. in this investigation, a top down approach was followed for the preparation of bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (bcnc) using a commercially available cellulase enzyme so as to retain native properties of bacterial cellulose even in its nanodimensional form. the morphological and dimensional para ...201020920524
increased antibiotic release from a bone cement containing bacterial cellulose.major disadvantages of antibiotic bone cements include limited drug release and reduced strength resulting from the addition of high doses of antibiotics. bacterial cellulose, a three-dimensional hydrophilic mesh, may retain antibiotics and release them gradually. we hypothesized that the addition of cellulose to antibiotic bone cement would improve mechanical strength and antibiotic release.201020945120
the bacterial community in 'taberna' a traditional beverage of southern mexico.to characterize the bacterial community of taberna, an alcoholic traditional beverage from the southern part of mexico produced by the fermentation of the coyol palm sap (acrocomia aculeate).201021039665
phylogeny and differentiation of species of the genus gluconacetobacter and related taxa based on multilocus sequence analyses of housekeeping genes and reclassification of acetobacter xylinus subsp. sucrofermentans as gluconacetobacter sucrofermentans (toyosaki et al. 1996) sp. nov., comb. nov.three housekeeping genes (dnak, groel and rpob) of strains belonging to the genus gluconacetobacter (37 strains) or related taxa (38 strains) were sequenced. reference strains of the 15 species of the genus gluconacetobacter were included. phylogenetic trees generated using these gene sequences confirmed the existence of two phylogenetic groups within the genus gluconacetobacter. these groups clustered separately in trees constructed using concatenated sequences of the three genes, indicating th ...201019915110
geometrical separation method for lipoproteins using bioformulated-fiber matrix electrophoresis: size of high-density lipoprotein does not reflect its density.the increasing number of patients with metabolic syndrome is a critical global problem. in this study, we describe a novel geometrical electrophoretic separation method using a bioformulated-fiber matrix to analyze high-density lipoprotein (hdl) particles. hdl particles are generally considered to be a beneficial component of the cholesterol fraction. conventional electrophoresis is widely used but is not necessarily suitable for analyzing hdl particles. furthermore, a higher hdl density is gene ...201021171600
genome-wide phylogenetic analysis of gluconobacter, acetobacter, and gluconacetobacter.phylogenetic relationships among three genera, gluconobacter, acetobacter, and gluconacetobacter, of acetic acid bacteria (aab) are still unclear, although phylogenetic analysis using 16s rrna gene sequence has shown that gluconacetobacter diverged first from the ancestor of these three genera. therefore, the relationships among these three genera were investigated by genome-wide phylogenetic analysis of aab. contrary to the results of 16s rrna gene analysis, phylogenetic analysis of 293 enzymes ...201021182539
formation and characterization of spherelike bacterial cellulose particles produced by acetobacter xylinum jcm 9730 strain.spherelike cellulose formation as a function of agitated culture rotational speeds and flask sizes for two different cellulose producing acetobacter xylinum strains, jcm 9730 (atcc 700178) and ncimb (atcc 23769), has been studied in this work. results showed that the jcm 9730 strain could form spherelike cellulose particles in the agitated culture with a rotational speed above 100 rpm. the ncimb strain, however, formed no spherelike cellulose particles under any culture condition examined. for t ...201020518455
a 28-day oral toxicity study of fermentation-derived cellulose, produced by acetobacter aceti subspecies xylinum, in f344 rats.this study was designed to evaluate any adverse effect of fermentation-derived cellulose, produced by acetobacter aceti subspecies xylinum, when administered to both sexes of f344 rats at dietary levels of 0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0% for 28 days. the treatment had no adverse effects on clinical signs, mortality, body weights and food and water consumption, or on urinalysis, ophthalmology, hematology, blood biochemistry, and histopathology findings. at necropsy, slight increased absolute and relative ...201020519840
cloning and characterization of clpb in acetobacter pasteurianus nbrc 3283.the clpb gene in acetobacter pasteurianus was cloned and characterized. although the clpb gene was transcribed in response to a temperature shift and exposure to ethanol, the clpb disruption mutant was only affected by high temperature, suggesting that the clpb protein is closely associated with heat resistance in a. pasteurianus.201020541119
effect of continuous ingestion of acetic acid bacteria on memory retention and the synaptic function in aged rats.we administered acetobacter malorum nci1683 (s24), containing a high concentration of dihydroceramide (7.2 mg/g of dry cell weight), consecutively to aged rats (male crlj:wistar rats, 22 months old). the ingestion of acetobacter malorum for 89 d significantly extended the memory retention in passive avoidance tests, increased the release of acetylcholine with depolarization of brain synaptosomes and decreased the causative agents of neurodegenerative diseases in the cerebral cortices.201020622429
[investigation of distribution of bacteria and fungi in severe acute pancreatitis].to investigate the spectrum of bacteria and fungi in different sites in severe acute pancreatitis (sap).201020646657
intravital fluorescent microscopic evaluation of bacterial cellulose as scaffold for vascular grafts.although commonly used synthetic vascular grafts perform satisfactorily in large caliber blood vessels, they are prone to thrombosis in small diameter vessels. therefore, small vessels might benefit from tissue engineered vascular grafts. this study evaluated bacterial cellulose (bc) as a potential biomaterial for biosynthetic blood vessels. we implanted the dorsal skinfold chambers in three groups of syrian golden hamsters with bc (experimental group), polyglycolic acid, or expanded polytetrafl ...201019536832
characterization of thermotolerant acetobacter pasteurianus strains and their quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases.we isolated several thermotolerant acetobacter species of which msu10 strain, identified as acetobacter pasteurianus, could grow well on agar plates at 41 degrees c, tolerate to 1.5% acetic acid or 4% ethanol at 39 degrees c, similarly seen with a. pasteurianus sku1108 previously isolated. the msu10 strain showed higher acetic acid productivity in a medium containing 6% ethanol at 37 degrees c than sku1108 while sku1108 strain could accumulate more acetic acid in a medium supplemented with 4-5% ...201019711069
gluconobacter as well as asaia species, newly emerging opportunistic human pathogens among acetic acid bacteria.acetic acid bacteria (aab) are broadly used in industrial food processing. among them, members of the genera asaia, acetobacter, and granulibacter were recently reported to be human opportunistic pathogens. we isolated aab from clinical samples from three patients and describe here the clinical and bacteriological features of these cases. we report for the first time (i) the isolation of a gluconobacter sp. from human clinical samples; (ii) the successive isolation of different aab, i.e., an asa ...201020826638
acetic acid bacteria, newly emerging symbionts of insects.recent research in microbe-insect symbiosis has shown that acetic acid bacteria (aab) establish symbiotic relationships with several insects of the orders diptera, hymenoptera, hemiptera, and homoptera, all relying on sugar-based diets, such as nectars, fruit sugars, or phloem sap. to date, the fruit flies drosophila melanogaster and bactrocera oleae, mosquitoes of the genera anopheles and aedes, the honey bee apis mellifera, the leafhopper scaphoideus titanus, and the mealybug saccharicoccus sa ...201020851977
diversity of acetobacter pasteurianus strains isolated from solid-state fermentation of cereal vinegars.vinegar production is based on the acetification process by indigenous acetic acid bacteria (aab). among vinegar technologies, solid-state fermentation (ssf) processes are widespread in asian countries to produce vinegar at small-scale. in this study, 21 aab strains isolated from chinese cereal vinegars produced by ssf collected in different regions of china were characterized by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric)-pcr fingerprinting. isolates exhibited high degree of phenotyp ...201019924479
influence of glycerol on production and structural-physical properties of cellulose from acetobacter sp. v6 cultured in shake flasks.cost-effective production of bacterial cellulose (bc) by acetobacter sp. v6 was investigated in shake culture using glycerol as carbon source and its structural and physical properties were determined. in medium containing 3% (w/v) glycerol, bc production was 4.98+/-0.03g/l after 7 days. this value was 3.8-fold higher than the yield in the glucose medium. ft-ir spectra revealed that all the bc samples were highly crystalline and were cellulose type capital i, ukrainian. the crystallinity index v ...201020080401
cloning and characterization of grpe in acetobacter pasteurianus nbrc 3283.the grpe gene in acetobacter pasteurianus nbrc 3283 was cloned and characterized, to elucidate the mechanism underlying the resistance of acetic acid bacteria to the stressors existing during acetic acid fermentation. this gene was found to be located in tandem with two related genes, appearing on the genome in the order grpe-dnak-dnaj. a sigma(32)-type promoter sequence was found in the upstream region of grpe. the relative transcription levels of grpe, dnak, and dnaj mrna were in the ratio of ...201020129077
acetic acid bacterial lipids improve cognitive function in dementia model rats.acetic acid bacteria, fermentative microorganisms of traditional foods, have unique alkali-stable lipids (asl), such as dihydroceramide which is a precursor of sphingolipids. sphingolipids are important components of the brain tissue. we examined the effect of oral administration of asl in a rat model of dementia (7-week-old, male) with a basal forebrain lesion. in a water maze test, the dementia model rats demonstrated poor spatial orientation. the administration of asl (165 or 1650 mg/kg of bo ...201020210318
electromagnetically controlled biological assembly of aligned bacterial cellulose nanofibers.we have developed a new biofabrication process in which the precise control of bacterial motion is used to fabricate customizable networks of cellulose nanofibrils. this article describes how the motion of acetobacter xylinum can be controlled by electric fields while the bacteria simultaneously produce nanocellulose, resulting in networks with aligned fibers. since the electrolysis of water due to the application of electric fields produces the oxygen in the culture media far from the liquid-ai ...201020300846
screening for and isolation and identification of malathion-degrading bacteria: cloning and sequencing a gene that potentially encodes the malathion-degrading enzyme, carboxylestrase in soil bacteria.five malathion-degrading bacterial strains were enriched and isolated from soil samples collected from different agricultural sites in cairo, egypt. malathion was used as a sole source of carbon (50 mg/l) to enumerate malathion degraders, which were designated as is1, is2, is3, is4, and is5. they were identified, based on their morphological and biochemical characteristics, as pseudomonas sp., pseudomonas putida, micrococcus lylae, pseudomonas aureofaciens, and acetobacter liquefaciens, respecti ...201020401686
effect of barrel design and the inoculation of acetobacter pasteurianus in wine vinegar production.the traditional production of wine vinegar is a lengthy process with little or no microbiological control. the aim of this study was to shorten the acetification process via three different strategies: changes in wood type; barrel shape; and the inoculation of an acetobacter pasteurianus pure culture. the barrel shape was modified by constructing two prototypes with higher liquid-air interface. we compared the changes in acetic acid bacteria (aab) population dynamics in these barrels with those ...201020478638
bacterial cellulose/tio2 hybrid nanofibers prepared by the surface hydrolysis method with molecular precision.bacterial cellulose (bc) nanofibers were biosynthesized by acetobacter xylinum nust5.2, and displayed a remarkable capability for orienting tio(2) nanoparticle arrays. large quantities of uniform bc nanofibers coated with tio(2) nanoparticles can be easily prepared by surface hydrolysis with molecular precision, resulting in the formation of uniform and well-defined hybrid nanofiber structures. the mechanism of arraying spherical tio(2) nanoparticles on bc nanofibers and forming well-defined, na ...201020644807
preparation of (13)c-labeled ceramide by acetic acid bacteria and its incorporation in mice.we prepared 2-hydroxypalmitoyl-sphinganine (dihydroceramide) labeled with a stable isotope by culturing acetic acid bacteria with (13)c-labeled acetic acid. the gc/ms spectrum of the trimethylsilyl derivative of (13)c-labeled dihydroceramide gave molecular ions with an increased mass of 12-17 da over that of nonlabeled dihydroceramide. the fragment ions derived from both sphinganine base and 2-hydroxypalmitate were confirmed to be labeled with the stable isotope in the spectrum. therefore, (13)c ...201020656918
two-stage electrodialytic concentration of glyceric acid from fermentation broth.the aim of this research was the application of a two-stage electrodialysis (ed) method for glyceric acid (ga) recovery from fermentation broth. first, by desalting ed, glycerate solutions (counterpart is na+) were concentrated using ion-exchange membranes, and the glycerate recovery and energy consumption became more efficient with increasing the initial glycerate concentration (30 to 130 g/l). second, by water-splitting ed, the concentrated glycerate was electroconverted to ga using bipolar me ...201020674487
behavior of human chondrocytes in engineered porous bacterial cellulose scaffolds.regeneration of articular cartilage damage is an area of great interest due to the limited ability of cartilage to self-repair. the latest cartilage repair strategies are dependent on access to biomaterials to which chondrocytes can attach and in which they can migrate and proliferate, producing their own extracellular matrix. in the present study, engineered porous bacterial cellulose (bc) scaffolds were prepared by fermentation of acetobacter xylinum (a. xylinum) in the presence of slightly fu ...201020694979
acetic acid fermentation of acetobacter pasteurianus: relationship between acetic acid resistance and pellicle polysaccharide formation.acetobacter pasteurianus strains ifo3283, sku1108, and msu10 were grown under acetic acid fermentation conditions, and their growth behavior was examined together with their capacity for acetic acid resistance and pellicle formation. in the fermentation process, the cells became aggregated and covered by amorphous materials in the late-log and stationary phases, but dispersed again in the second growth phase (due to overoxidation). the morphological change in the cells was accompanied by changes ...201020699583
synthesis of novel sulfanilamide-derived 1,2,3-triazoles and their evaluation for antibacterial and antifungal activities.a series of novel sulfanilamide-derived 1,2,3-triazole compounds were synthesized in excellent yields via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and confirmed by ms, ir and nmr spectra as well as elemental analyses. all the compounds were screened in vitro for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. preliminary results indicated that some target compounds exhibited promising antibacterial potency. especially, 4-amino-n-((1-dodecyl-1h-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl) benzenesulfonamide, n-((1-(2,4-dichlorobe ...201020708826
tissue-engineered conduit using urine-derived stem cells seeded bacterial cellulose polymer in urinary reconstruction and diversion.the objective of this study was to generate bacterial cellulose (bc) scaffolds seeded with human urine-derived stem cells (usc) to form a tissue-engineered conduit for use in urinary diversion. microporous bc scaffolds were synthesized and usc were induced to differentiate into urothelial and smooth muscle cells (smc). induced usc (10(6) cells/cm(2)) were seeded onto bc under static and 3d dynamic (10 or 40 rpm) conditions and cultured for 2 weeks. the urothelial cells and smc derived from usc f ...201020800278
kinetic analysis of strains of lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria in cocoa pulp simulation media toward development of a starter culture for cocoa bean fermentation.the composition of cocoa pulp simulation media (psm) was optimized with species-specific strains of lactic acid bacteria (psm-lab) and acetic acid bacteria (psm-aab). also, laboratory fermentations were carried out in psm to investigate growth and metabolite production of strains of lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus fermentum and of acetobacter pasteurianus isolated from ghanaian cocoa bean heap fermentations, in view of the development of a defined starter culture. in a first step, a se ...201020889778
effect of glasswort (salicornia herbacea l.) on microbial community variations in the vinegar-making process and vinegar characteristics.three types of nuruk were made from rice, wheat, and a rice-glasswort (6:4) mixture. nuruk, makgeolli, and vinegar were manufactured with rice nuruk (rn), wheat nuruk (wn), and rice-glasswort nuruk (rgn). the saccharifying activity and ethanol productivity of nuruk, polyphenol content in makgeolli, and acetic acid and polyphenol content in the vinegar were increased as the result of the addition of glasswort. the variable region of 18s- or 16s-rdna amplified with genomic dna extracted directly f ...201020890098
dynamics and species diversity of communities of lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria during spontaneous cocoa bean fermentation in vessels.to speed up research on the usefulness and selection of bacterial starter cultures for cocoa bean fermentation, a benchmark cocoa bean fermentation process under natural fermentation conditions was developed successfully. therefore, spontaneous fermentations of cocoa pulp-bean mass in vessels on a 20 kg scale were tried out in triplicate. the community dynamics and kinetics of these fermentations were studied through a multiphasic approach. microbiological analysis revealed a limited bacterial s ...201021356451
antimicrobial activity of undecan-x-ones (x = 2-4).as a continuation of our research on the biological activity of undecan-x-ones (x = 2-4), their antimicrobial activity towards bacteria escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis, yeast candida mycoderma and mould aspergillus niger, was investigated. the population viability of the tested microbial strains in the presence of undecan-x-ones was determined by the impedimetric and agar disc diffusion methods. undecan-x-ones showed low antibacterial activity towards both gram-positive and gram-negative ...201021466049
structure of bacterial cellulose synthase subunit d octamer with four inner passageways.the cellulose synthesizing terminal complex consisting of subunits a, b, c, and d in acetobacter xylinum spans the outer and inner cell membranes to synthesize and extrude glucan chains, which are assembled into subelementary fibrils and further into a ribbon. we determined the structures of subunit d (axcesd/axbcsd) with both n- and c-terminal his(6) tags, and in complex with cellopentaose. the structure of axcesd shows an exquisite cylinder shape (height: ∼65 å, outer diameter: ∼90 å, and inne ...201020921370
transcriptome response to different carbon sources in acetobacter aceti.the draft genome sequence of acetobacter aceti nbrc 14818 was determined by whole-genome shotgun sequencing and the transcriptome profile in cells exponentially grown on ethanol, acetate or glucose was analysed by using a dna microarray. the genes for all enzymes that constitute the complete tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle and glyoxylate pathway were identified in the genome. the tca cycle genes showed higher expression levels in a. aceti cells grown on acetate or glucose and the glyoxylate pathw ...201021081762
influence of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-mcp) on the production of bacterial cellulose biosynthesized by acetobacter xylinum under the agitated culture.bacterial cellulose is an extracellular polysaccharide secreted by acetobacter xylinum, which has become a novel material increasingly used in food and medical industries. however, its broad application is limited by its low yield and high cost. 1-methylcyclopropene (1-mcp) is a potent inhibitor to either exogenous or endogenous ethylene during the biological senescence of plants, which has been broadly applied in commercial preservation of fruits and vegetables. the purpose of this study was to ...201020536705
improving the affinity of fibroblasts for bacterial cellulose using carbohydrate-binding modules fused to rgd.the attachment of cells to biomedical materials can be improved by using adhesion sequences, such as arg-gly-asp (rgd), found in several extracellular matrix proteins. in this work, bifunctional recombinant proteins, with a cellulose-binding module (cbm), from the cellulosome of clostridium thermocellum and cell binding sequences-rgd, grgdy-were cloned and expressed in e.coli. these rgd-containing cellulose binding proteins were purified and used to coat bacterial cellulose fibres. its effect on ...201019165790
production and characterization of cellulose by acetobacter sp. v6 using a cost-effective molasses-corn steep liquor medium.in order to reduce of the manufacturing cost of bacterial cellulose (bc), bc production by acetobacter sp. v6 was investigated in shaking culture using molasses and corn steep liquor (csl) as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. the highest bc production was obtained with ca3(po4)2-treated molasses. maximum bc yield (2.21+/-0.04 g/l) was obtained at 5% (w/v) total sugar in molasses. in improved medium containing molasses and csl, bc production was observed in the medium after 1 da ...201019730823
hacat keratinocytes in co-culture with staphylococcus aureus can be protected from bacterial damage by polihexanide.wound healing is compromised by critical colonization and infection with bacteria. hence, antimicrobial agents are used clinically to decrease the bacterial load and promote wound healing. polihexanide (phmb) has been found to be effective against a broad spectrum of micro-organisms and is increasingly utilized in rinsing solutions or in combination with wound dressings because of its good biocompatibility. in the present study, a co-culture of human keratinocytes and staphylococcus aureus was e ...200919769725
enhanced production of bacterial cellulose by using a biofilm reactor and its material property analysis.bacterial cellulose has been used in the food industry for applications such as low-calorie desserts, salads, and fabricated foods. it has also been used in the paper manufacturing industry to enhance paper strength, the electronics industry in acoustic diaphragms for audio speakers, the pharmaceutical industry as filtration membranes, and in the medical field as wound dressing and artificial skin material. in this study, different types of plastic composite support (pcs) were implemented separa ...200919630969
whole-genome analyses reveal genetic instability of acetobacter pasteurianus.acetobacter species have been used for brewing traditional vinegar and are known to have genetic instability. to clarify the mutability, acetobacter pasteurianus nbrc 3283, which forms a multi-phenotype cell complex, was subjected to genome dna sequencing. the genome analysis revealed that there are more than 280 transposons and five genes with hyper-mutable tandem repeats as common features in the genome consisting of a 2.9-mb chromosome and six plasmids. there were three single nucleotide muta ...200919638423
microbial production of glyceric acid, an organic acid that can be mass produced from glycerol.glyceric acid (ga), an unfamiliar biotechnological product, is currently produced as a small by-product of dihydroxyacetone production from glycerol by gluconobacter oxydans. we developed a method for the efficient biotechnological production of ga as a target compound for new surplus glycerol applications in the biodiesel and oleochemical industries. we investigated the ability of 162 acetic acid bacterial strains to produce ga from glycerol and found that the patterns of productivity and enant ...200919837846
composition of bacterial communities associated with natural and laboratory populations of asobara tabida infected with wolbachia.asobara tabida wasps are fly endoparasitoids that naturally harbor three wolbachia strains, which induce cytoplasmic incompatibility and control oogenesis. to investigate whether other bacteria play a role in wasp biology, we surveyed the bacterial communities of wild a. tabida populations originating from different regions of france and of laboratory colonies using pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and culture methods. proteobacteria and firmicutes were found to be the main phyla repr ...200919376923
hepatoprotective and curative properties of kombucha tea against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity.kombucha tea (kt) is sugared black tea fermented with a symbiotic culture of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts, which is said to be tea fungus. kt is claimed to have various beneficial effects on human health, but there is very little scientific evidence available in the literature. in the present study, kt along with black tea (bt) and black tea manufactured with tea fungus enzymes (enzyme-processed tea, et) was evaluated for hepatoprotective and curative properties against ccl4-induced toxicity, ...200919420997
highly enantioselective reduction of 4-(trimethylsilyl)-3-butyn-2-one to enantiopure (r)-4-(trimethylsilyl)-3-butyn-2-ol using a novel strain acetobacter sp. cctcc m209061.the biocatalytic reduction of 4-(trimethylsilyl)-3-butyn-2-one to enantiopure (r)-4-(trimethylsilyl)-3-butyn-2-ol was successfully conducted with high enantioselectivity using immobilized whole cells of a novel strain acetobacter sp. cctcc m209061, newly isolated from kefir. compared with other microorganisms that were investigated, acetobacter sp. cctcc m209061 was shown to be more effective for the bioreduction reaction, and afforded much higher yield and product enantiomeric excess (e.e.). th ...200919564106
experimental study of the tissue reaction caused by the presence of cellulose produced by acetobacter xylinum in the nasal dorsum of rabbits.several materials have been proposed for nasal reconstruction. there is no consensus on which is the best. the cellulose blanket produced by bacteria may be a possible cartilaginous addition element to the nose.200919575105
main microorganisms involved in the fermentation of ugandan ghee.ghee is widely produced from a traditional fermented butter-like product named mashita in western uganda. however, no detailed studies have been done to identify the microorganisms involved in mashita fermentation. the aim of this study was to identify the microorganisms present at the end of mashita ripening using culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. the most commonly identified species of lactic acid bacteria (lab) in mashita using culture-dependent techniques were lactobacill ...200919577815
quantification of the expression of reference and alcohol dehydrogenase genes of some acetic acid bacteria in different growth conditions.the aim of this study was to develop a reliable system to analyse the expression of the pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq)-alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) and test its ability to predict the growth and oxidative activity of some acetic acid bacteria (aab).200919200331
preliminary results of small arterial substitute performed with a new cylindrical biomaterial composed of bacterial cellulose.tissue-engineered blood vessels (tebvs) represent an innovative approach for overcoming reconstructive problems associated with extended vascular diseases by providing small-calibre vascular grafts. this study aimed to evaluate a novel biomaterial of bacterially synthesised cellulose (bc) as a potential scaffold for tebv.200919231251
succession of selected strains of acetobacter pasteurianus and other acetic acid bacteria in traditional balsamic vinegar.the application of a selected acetobacter pasteurianus strain for traditional balsamic vinegar production was assessed. genomic dna was extracted from biofilms after enrichment cultures on gyc medium (10% glucose, 1.0% yeast extract, 2.0% calcium carbonate) and used for pcr/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, 16s rrna gene sequencing, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus/pcr sequencing. results suggested that double-culture fermentation is suitable for traditional balsamic vi ...200919251897
in vivo and in vitro evaluation of an acetobacter xylinum synthesized microbial cellulose membrane intended for guided tissue repair.barrier materials as cellulose membranes are used for guided tissue repair. however, it is essential that the surrounding tissues accept the device. the present study histologically evaluated tissue reaction to a microbial cellulose membrane after subcutaneous implantation in mice. furthermore, the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells and the biomaterial was studied in vitro to evaluate its ability to act as cellular scaffold for tissue engineering.200919317903
identification of acetobacter, gluconobacter, and asaia strains isolated in thailand based on 16s-23s rrna gene internal transcribed spacer restriction and 16s rrna gene sequence analyses.twenty-six strains of acetic acid bacteria were isolated from fruits, flowers and related materials collected in thailand. they were divided into three genera, acetobacter, gluconobacter and asaia, by phenotypic characterization and 16s rrna gene sequence analyses. on the basis of 16s-23s rrna gene internal transcribed spacer (16s-23s rdna its) restriction and 16s rrna gene sequence analyses, fourteen isolates assigned to the genus acetobacter were divided into five groups: 1) group 1a or a. tro ...200921566366
involvement of acetobacter orientalis in the production of lactobionic acid in caucasian yogurt ("caspian sea yogurt") in japan.lactobionic acid was first found in a caucasian fermented milk product popularly known as "caspian sea yogurt" in japan. the presence of lactobionic acid in the fermented milk was indicated by the results of both high-performance anion-exchange chromatographic analysis with pulsed amperometric detection and mass spectrometric analysis. thereafter, the acid was purified from the yogurt and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance. a substantial amount of lactobionic acid was found to be accumulated ...200919109260
microbiota analysis of caspian sea yogurt, a ropy fermented milk circulated in japan.we analyzed the microbiota of domestic ropy fermented milk, caspian sea yogurt (or 'kasupikai yohguruto' in japanese), circulated in japan. we collected six varieties from five localities. lactococcus (l) lactis ssp. cremoris was isolated from all samples as the dominant strain at levels of 10(8)-10(9) cfu/g. we show this strain produces an extracellular polysaccharide (eps) that causes the unique characteristic viscosity of the product. from analysis of the rapd pattern of 60 bacterial isolates ...200920163589
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