Publications

transformation of saussurea medusa for hairy roots and jaceosidin production.	axenically grown saussurea medusa plantlets were inoculated with four agrobacterium rhizogenes strains, and hairy root lines were established with a. rhizogenes strain r1601 in n6 medium. pcr and southern hybridization confirmed integration of the t-dna fragment of the ri plasmid from a. rhizogenes into the genome of s. medusa hairy roots. in n6 medium, maximum biomass of the hairy root cultures was achieved [8 g (dry weight) per liter; growth ratio 35-fold] after 21 days of culture. the amount ...	2004	15290084
tropane alkaloid production and shoot regeneration in hairy and adventitious root cultures of duboisia myoporoides-d. leichhardtii hybrid.	co-culture conditions for duboisia myoporoides-d. leichhardtii hybrid hairy root induction were investigated using leaf explants and agrobacterium rhizogenes atcc 15834. the bacteria density and duration of co-culture greatly affected the induction rate; the highest rate of 50% was obtained when the leaf explants were co-cultured for 2 d with 10(6) bacteria. one hairy root clone that showed the fastest root growth was selected and used for comparison study with adventitious roots cultured with 0 ...	2004	15305033
production of hairy root cultures and transgenic plants by agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation.	agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation results in the development of hairy roots at the site of infection. the production of hairy roots involves cocultivation of explants with a. rhizogenes and the subsequent selection of hairy roots on hormone-free medium. hairy roots have many applications for research including secondary product production and for the study of biochemical pathways. in addition, transgenic plants regenerated from hairy roots often show an altered phenotype due to th ...	2005	15310912
[intergeneric somatic hybridization between astragalus adsurgens pall and medicago sativa l].	the protoplast fusion was induced between astragalus adsurgens pall and agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed cell line of medicago sativa l. by use of peg method. putative somatic hybrid cells were selected based on the observation that only intergeneric hybrid cells continued to divide on the dpd medium without any phytohormone while the cells and clusters derived from parental cells did not survive further. after being cultured, the somatic hybrid calli were obtained. although both of the pare ...	2004	15323417
use of the fluorescent timer dsred-e5 as reporter to monitor dynamics of gene activity in plants.	fluorescent proteins, such as green fluorescent protein and red fluorescent protein (dsred), have become frequently used reporters in plant biology. however, their potential to monitor dynamic gene regulation is limited by their high stability. the recently made dsred-e5 variant overcame this problem. dsred-e5 changes its emission spectrum over time from green to red in a concentration independent manner. therefore, the green to red fluorescence ratio indicates the age of the protein and can be ...	2004	15326279
isoflavonoid accumulation in soybean hairy roots upon treatment with fusarium solani.	hairy roots were initiated from two soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] genotypes with different susceptibility (susceptible 'spencer' and partially resistant 'pi567.374') to the disease sudden death syndrome (sds) caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen fusarium solani f. sp. glycines (fsg) to study the role of isoflavonoids in the plant response to fsg infection. hairy root cultures obtained by transformation with agrobacterium rhizogenes allows normal root growth that can be visually monitored. ...	2004	15331097
shoot regeneration from gus-transformed tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) hairy root.	to study the influence of genetic background on the transformation and regeneration of cultivated tomato plants, hairy root lines of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) were obtained by inoculating the hypocotyl explants of three tomato cultivars with the agrobacterium rhizogenes strain dcar-2, which harbors the pbi-121 binary vector. the ri-t-dna transformation into the plant dna was confirmed by both of mikimopine and gus assay analyses. the regeneration efficiency from hairy root explants was as ...	2004	15332121
diversity of 16s rdna sequences of rhizobium spp. implications for species determinations.	comparative analysis of 70 16s rdna sequences representing 20 rhizobium species (including pathogenic agrobacterium spp.) was conducted using maximum likelihood to establish relationships of species using multiple sequences. there is no significant internal division of the rhizobium clade to suggest that it represents more than one genus. plant pathogenic (agrobacterium) species are distributed within the genus. the analysis supported the synonymy of some species (rhizobium gallicum and rhizobiu ...	2004	15336412
resurrection of an ancestral gene: functional and evolutionary analyses of the ngrol genes transferred from agrobacterium to nicotiana.	the ng rol genes, which have high similarity in sequence to the rol genes of agrobacterium rhizogenes, are present in the genome of untransformed plants of nicotiana glauca. it is thought that bacterial infection resulted in the transfer of the ng rol genes to plants early in the evolution of the genus nicotiana, since several species in this genus contain rol-like sequences but others do not. plants transformed with the bacterial rol genes exhibit various developmental and morphological changes ...	2004	15338429
[genetically transformed plant roots as a model for studying specific metabolism and symbiotic contacts of the root system].	genetic transformation of plants mediated by ri plasmid of agrobacterium rhizogenes occupies a special place in plant cell engineering, since this technique based on a natural phenomenon allows cultivation of separately growing roots on hormone-free media. application of wild-type unmodified agrobacterial strains allows us to obtain root cultures capable of long-term growth in vitro due to an increased sensitivity of the cells to auxins while other biochemical properties remain unaltered. a coll ...	2004	15354957
expression analysis of the ngorf13 promoter during the development of tobacco genetic tumors.	we investigated the expression pattern of the promoter of nicotiana glauca (ng) orf13 in the hybrids between n. glauca and n. langsdorffii harboring the ngorf13-beta-glucuronidase (gus) chimeric gene. the promoter of ngorf13 of n. glauca had lower activities than the promoter of riorf13 of agrobacterium rhizogenes agropine-type root-inducing (ri) plasmid. however, the localization of gus activity in the ngorf13 transgenic plants was similar to that in the riorf13 transgenic plants. the gus activ ...	2004	15356328
expression and characterization of extracellular fungal phytase in transformed sesame hairy root cultures.	a recombinant fungal phytase was produced by cultures of sesame hairy roots transformed with agrobacterium rhizogenes, purified and its molecular properties were characterized. its transcription level and the phytase production were rapidly increased after 4 weeks of the cultures, suggesting that its transcription and protein synthesis might concur. western blot analysis provided evidence that the recombinant fungal phytase was secreted into the liquid culture medium of the hairy roots. the phyt ...	2004	15358375
a novel two t-dna binary vector allows efficient generation of marker-free transgenic plants in three elite cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.).	a pilot binary vector was constructed to assess the potential of the 2 t-dna system for generating selectable marker-free progeny plants in three elite rice cultivars (zhongzuo321, ariete and khao dawk mali 105) known to exhibit contrasting amenabilities to transformation. the first t-dna of the vector, delimited by agrobacterium tumefaciens borders, contains the hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) selectable gene and the green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter gene while the second t-dna, deli ...	2004	15359604
selection of high ginsenoside producing ginseng hairy root lines using targeted metabolic analysis.	to develop an experimental system for studying ginsenoside biosynthesis, we generated thousands of ginseng (panax ginseng c.a. meyer) hairy roots, genetically transformed roots induced by agrobacterium rhizogenes, and analyzed the ginsenosides in the samples. 27 putative ginsenosides were detected in ginseng hairy roots. quantitative and qualitative variations in the seven major ginsenosides were profiled in 993 ginseng hairy root lines using lc/ms and hplc-uv. cluster analysis of metabolic prof ...	2004	15474561
transfer of the symbiotic plasmid of rhizobium etli cfn42 requires cointegration with p42a, which may be mediated by site-specific recombination.	plasmid p42a from rhizobium etli cfn42 is self-transmissible and indispensable for conjugative transfer of the symbiotic plasmid (psym). most psym transconjugants also inherit p42a. psym transconjugants that lack p42a always contain recombinant psyms, which we designated rpsyms. rpsyms do not contain some psym segments and instead have p42a sequences, including the replication and transfer regions. these novel recombinant plasmids are compatible with wild-type psym, incompatible with p42a, and ...	2004	15516565
occurrence of circadian rhythms in hairy root cultures grown under controlled conditions.	hairy roots obtained by transformation via agrobacterium rhizogenes provide an artificial plant material devoid of aerial parts with high growth on hormone-free media. fundamental knowledge of hairy root physiology is essential to develop and control its culture. in contrast to shake-flask cultures, a bioreactor set-up combined with on-line data logging provides an efficient tool to study rapid physiological variations in hairy root cultures. datura innoxia hairy roots were grown in a bioreactor ...	2004	15532042
intersubunit complementation of sugar signal transduction in vira heterodimers and posttranslational regulation of vira activity in agrobacterium tumefaciens.	the vira/virg two-component regulatory system of agrobacterium tumefaciens regulates expression of the virulence (vir) genes that control the infection process leading to crown gall tumor disease on susceptible plants. vira, a membrane-bound homodimer, initiates vir gene induction by communicating the presence of molecular signals found at the site of a plant wound through phosphorylation of virg. inducing signals include phenols, monosaccharides, and acidic ph. while sugars are not essential fo ...	2005	15601705
influence of rol genes in floriculture.	traditionally, new traits have been introduced into ornamental plants through classical breeding. however, genetic engineering now enables specific alterations of single traits in already successful varieties. new or improved varieties of floricultural crops can be obtained by acting on floral traits, such as color, shape or fragrance, on vase life in cut-flower species, and on rooting potential or overall plant morphology. overexpression of the rol genes of the ri plasmid of agrobacterium rhizo ...	2005	15610964
the vire3 protein of agrobacterium mimics a host cell function required for plant genetic transformation.	to genetically transform plants, agrobacterium exports its transferred dna (t-dna) and several virulence (vir) proteins into the host cell. among these proteins, vire3 is the only one whose biological function is completely unknown. here, we demonstrate that vire3 is transferred from agrobacterium to the plant cell and then imported into its nucleus via the karyopherin alpha-dependent pathway. in addition to binding plant karyopherin alpha, vire3 interacts with vire2, a major bacterial protein t ...	2004	15616576
the vire3 protein of agrobacterium mimics a host cell function required for plant genetic transformation.	to genetically transform plants, agrobacterium exports its transferred dna (t-dna) and several virulence (vir) proteins into the host cell. among these proteins, vire3 is the only one whose biological function is completely unknown. here, we demonstrate that vire3 is transferred from agrobacterium to the plant cell and then imported into its nucleus via the karyopherin alpha-dependent pathway. in addition to binding plant karyopherin alpha, vire3 interacts with vire2, a major bacterial protein t ...	2004	15616576
[effect of sucrose concentration on the growth and production of secondary metabolites in pueraria phaseoloides hairy roots].	effects of sucrose concentrations on the growth and production of puerarin and isoflavones compounds in pueraria phaseoloides hairy roots induced by agrobacterium rhizogenes atcc15834 were investigated. changes of sucrose consumption in the medium during liquid culture were also determined. the results showed cultured for 16 days in ms medium with 5%, 4%, 3% and 2% sucrose, the proliferation times of dry weight of hairy roots were 11.7, 11.9, 10.1 and 5.9, respectively. 3% sucrose concentration ...	2004	15636366
a bipartite signal mediates the transfer of type iv secretion substrates of bartonella henselae into human cells.	bacterial type iv secretion (t4s) systems mediate the transfer of macromolecular substrates into various target cells, e.g., the conjugative transfer of dna into bacteria or the transfer of virulence proteins into eukaryotic host cells. the t4s apparatus virb of the vascular tumor-inducing pathogen bartonella henselae causes subversion of human endothelial cell (hec) function. here we report the identification of multiple protein substrates of virb, which, upon translocation into hec, mediate al ...	2005	15642951
genetic transformation of glaphimia glauca by agrobacterium rhizogenes and the production of norfriedelanes.	transformed root cultures of galphimia glauca (malpighiaceae) were established by infecting cotyledons and hypocotyls with agrobacterium rhizogenes atcc 15 834. cotyledon-derived cell lines were grown in liquid b5 nutrient medium without phytohormones and have shown the typical hairy roots phenotype over two years of continuous subculturing. pcr analysis was used to confirm the integration of rol a and rol c genes into the plant genome. the transformed cultures synthesized three major norfriedel ...	2004	15643554
genetic transformation of tylophora indica with agrobacterium rhizogenes a4: growth and tylophorine productivity in different transformed root clones.	we have developed an efficient transformation system for tylophora indica, an important medicinal plant in india, using agrobacterium rhizogenes strains lba9402 and a4 to infect excised leaf and stem explants and intact shoots at different sites. the induction of callus and transformed roots was dependent on the bacterial strain, explant type and inoculation site used. transformed roots were induced only in explants infected with a. rhizogenes strain a4, while an optimal transformation frequency ...	2005	15660269
induction of tropane alkaloid formation in transformed root cultures of brugmansia suaveolens (solanaceae).	hairy root cultures of brugmansia suaveolens were set up by infection of root tips with agrobacterium rhizogenes. the successful transformation was confirmed by analysing rolc and virc genes using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). hairy root cultures were employed to study the formation of tropane alkaloids, such as hyoscyamine. the transformed cultures were incubated with potential elicitors, such as methyljasmonate, quercetin and salicylic acid in order to stimulate the biosynthesis of tropane ...	2004	15666547
expression of vitreoscilla hemoglobin enhances growth of hyoscyamus muticus hairy root cultures.	the vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene (vhb) was introduced into hyoscyamus muticus with the aim of investigating its effect on growth and alkaloid production of agrobacterium rhizogenes-induced hairy root cultures. we were able to generate several vhb-expressing hairy root lines with different integration patterns. substantial somaclonal variation was observed in growth and hyoscyamine production amongst both vhb-expressing lines and controls. despite this variation, the growth properties of single l ...	2005	15678373
factors influencing axillary shoot proliferation and adventitious budding in cedar.	we developed procedures for in vitro cloning of cedrus atlantica manetti and c. libani a. rich explants from juvenile and mature plants. explant size was one determinant of the frequency of axillary bud break in both species. shoot tips and nodal explants mainly developed calli, whereas bud sprouting occurred in defoliated microcuttings cultured on a modified murashige and skoog medium without growth regulators. isolation and continuous subculture of sprouted buds on the same medium allowed clon ...	2005	15687096
inhibitory effect of the agrobacterium rhizogenes rolc gene on rabdosiin and rosmarinic acid production in eritrichium sericeum and lithospermum erythrorhizon transformed cell cultures.	rabdosiin and related caffeic acid metabolites have been proposed as active pharmacological agents demonstrating potent anti-hiv and antiallergic activities. we transformed eritrichium sericeum and lithospermum erythrorhizon seedlings by the rolc gene, which has been recently described as an activator of plant secondary metabolism. surprisingly, the rolc-transformed cell cultures of both plants yielded two- to threefold less levels of rabdosiin and rosmarinic acid (ra) than respective control cu ...	2005	15688226
root-knot nematodes and bacterial nod factors elicit common signal transduction events in lotus japonicus.	the symbiosis responsible for nitrogen fixation in legume root nodules is initiated by rhizobial signaling molecules [nod factors (nf)]. using transgenically tagged microtubules and actin, we dynamically profiled the spatiotemporal changes in the cytoskeleton of living lotus japonicus root hairs, which precede root-hair deformation and reflect one of the earliest host responses to nf. remarkably, plant-parasitic root-knot nematodes (rkn) invoke a cytoskeletal response identical to that seen in r ...	2005	15710894
protein domains and architectural innovation in plant-associated proteobacteria.	evolution of new complex biological behaviour tends to arise by novel combinations of existing building blocks. the functional and evolutionary building blocks of the proteome are protein domains, the function of a protein being dependent on its constituent domains. we clustered completely-sequenced proteomes of prokaryotes on the basis of their protein domain content, as defined by pfam (release 16.0). this revealed that, although there was a correlation between phylogeny and domain content, ot ...	2005	15715905
molecular analysis of the rebeccamycin l-amino acid oxidase from lechevalieria aerocolonigenes atcc 39243.	rebeccamycin, a member of the tryptophan-derived indolocarbazole family, is produced by lechevalieria aerocolonigenes atcc 39243. the biosynthetic pathway that specifies biosynthesis of this important metabolite is comprised of 11 genes spanning 18 kb of dna. a presumed early enzyme involved in elaboration of the rebeccamycin aglycone is encoded by rebo, located at the left-hand region of the reb gene cluster. the deduced protein product, rebo (51.9 kda), is an l-amino acid oxidase (l-aao) that ...	2005	15743957
comparative genomic analysis of the ppt23a plasmid family of pseudomonas syringae.	members of the ppt23a plasmid family of pseudomonas syringae play an important role in the interaction of this bacterial pathogen with host plants. complete sequence analysis of several ppt23a family plasmids (pfps) has provided a glimpse of the gene content and virulence function of these plasmids. we constructed a macroarray containing 161 genes to estimate and compare the gene contents of 23 newly analyzed and eight known pfps from 12 pathovars of p. syringae, which belong to four genomospeci ...	2005	15743960
biosynthesis of auxin by the gram-positive phytopathogen rhodococcus fascians is controlled by compounds specific to infected plant tissues.	the role and metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid in gram-negative bacteria is well documented, but little is known about indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis and regulation in gram-positive bacteria. the phytopathogen rhodococcus fascians, a gram-positive organism, incites diverse developmental alterations, such as leafy galls, on a wide range of plants. phenotypic analysis of a leafy gall suggests that auxin may play an important role in the development of the symptoms. we show here for the first t ...	2005	15746315
rhizobial 16s rrna and dnak genes: mosaicism and the uncertain phylogenetic placement of rhizobium galegae.	the phylogenetic relatedness among 12 agriculturally important species in the order rhizobiales was estimated by comparative 16s rrna and dnak sequence analyses. two groups of related species were identified by neighbor-joining and maximum-parsimony analysis. one group consisted of mesorhizobium loti and mesorhizobium ciceri, and the other group consisted of agrobacterium rhizogenes, rhizobium tropici, rhizobium etli, and rhizobium leguminosarum. although bootstrap support for the placement of t ...	2005	15746335
detection of and response to signals involved in host-microbe interactions by plant-associated bacteria.	diverse interactions between hosts and microbes are initiated by the detection of host-released chemical signals. detection of these signals leads to altered patterns of gene expression that culminate in specific and adaptive changes in bacterial physiology that are required for these associations. this concept was first demonstrated for the members of the family rhizobiaceae and was later found to apply to many other plant-associated bacteria as well as to microbes that colonize human and anima ...	2005	15755957
martelella mediterranea gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel alpha-proteobacterium isolated from a subterranean saline lake.	a bacterial strain was isolated from the water of lake martel in mallorca (spain). the isolate, designated macl11(t), was halotolerant and strictly aerobic. the cells were non-motile, non-spore-forming, gram-negative short rods. comparative 16s rrna gene sequence analysis revealed that macl11(t) represents a separate line of descent within the order 'rhizobiales' of the class 'alphaproteobacteria'. strain macl11(t) was most closely related to the genera rhizobium (93.3 % sequence similarity to r ...	2005	15774691
rna interference of soybean isoflavone synthase genes leads to silencing in tissues distal to the transformation site and to enhanced susceptibility to phytophthora sojae.	isoflavones are thought to play diverse roles in plant-microbe interactions and are also potentially important to human nutrition and medicine. isoflavone synthase (ifs) is a key enzyme for the formation of the isoflavones. here, we examined the consequences of rnai silencing of genes for this enzyme in soybean (glycine max). soybean cotyledon tissues were transformed with agrobacterium rhizogenes carrying an rnai silencing construct designed to silence expression of both copies of ifs genes. ap ...	2005	15778457
overlaps in the transcriptional profiles of medicago truncatula roots inoculated with two different glomus fungi provide insights into the genetic program activated during arbuscular mycorrhiza.	arbuscular mycorrhiza (am) is a widespread symbiotic association between plants and fungal microsymbionts that supports plant development under nutrient-limiting and various stress conditions. in this study, we focused on the overlapping genetic program activated by two commonly studied microsymbionts in addition to identifying am-related genes. we thus applied 16,086 probe microarrays to profile the transcriptome of the model legume medicago truncatula during interactions with glomus mosseae an ...	2005	15778460
the t-dna oncogene a4-orf8 from agrobacterium rhizogenes a4 induces abnormal growth in tobacco.	the related orf8 and iaam t-dna genes from agrobacterium are each composed of two distinct parts. the 5' parts (called norf8 or niaam) encode a 200-amino-acid (aa) sequence with homology to various t-dna oncoproteins such as rolb, rolc, and 6b. the 3' parts (corf8 or ciaam) encode a 550-aa sequence with homology to iaam proteins from pseudomonas and pantoea spp. whereas iaam genes encode flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad)-dependent tryptophan 2-monooxygenases that catalyze the synthesis of indole ...	2005	15782634
genetically modified hairy roots of withania somnifera dunal: a potent source of rejuvenating principles.	transgenic hairy roots were induced from withania somnifera dunal, by infecting leaf explants with agrobacterium rhizogenes. polymerase chain reaction for rol a gene and southern blot confirmed the integration of t-dna in the genome. cultures were grown in murashige and skoog solid as well as in liquid medium. the antioxidant activity was assayed in roots grown in solid media and liquid media. hairy roots grown in liquid media found to possess highly significant activity in 1,1-diphenyl-2-pecryl ...	2005	15798373
spatial and temporal distribution of polyamine levels and polyamine anabolism in different organs/tissues of the tobacco plant. correlations with age, cell division/expansion, and differentiation.	polyamine (pa) titers and biosynthesis follow a basipetal decrease along the tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plant axis, and they also correlate negatively with cell size. on the contrary, the titers of arginine (arg), ornithine (orn), and arginase activity increase with age. the free (soluble)/total-pa ratios gradually increase basipetally, but the soluble conjugated decrease, with spermidine (spd) mainly to determine these changes. the shoot apical meristems are the main site of spd and spermine b ...	2005	15849310
13c incorporation into signature fatty acids as an assay for carbon allocation in arbuscular mycorrhiza.	the ubiquitous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi consume significant amounts of plant assimilated c, but this c flow has been difficult to quantify. the neutral lipid fatty acid 16:1omega5 is a quantitative signature for most arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots and soil. we measured carbon transfer from four plant species to the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus intraradices by estimating (13)c enrichment of 16:1omega5 and compared it with (13)c enrichment of total root and mycelial c. carbon al ...	2005	15870350
coniferyl alcohol, a lignin precursor, stimulates rhizobium rhizogenes a4 virulence.	rhizobium rhizogenes, a soil bacterium, is the causative agent of the neoplastic disease hairy root. upon incubation of rhizobium rhizogenes a4 with coniferyl alcohol, a lignin precursor, bacterial virulence on cotton cotyledon slices was stimulated. this was observed both in numbers of root hairs produced and in their length. stimulation was maximized after exposure of bacteria to 150 microg/ml of coniferyl alcohol for 4 h. this was shown to be at the early log phase of bacterial growth.	2005	15886921
production of antioxidant compounds by culture of panax ginseng c.a. meyer hairy roots: i. enhanced production of secondary metabolite in hairy root cultures by elicitation.	ginseng (panax ginseng c.a. meyer) hairy root cultures, established by infecting ginseng root discs with agrobacterium rhizogenes, were used for secondary metabolite production. in this study, several elicitors [salicylic acid (sa), acetylsalicylic acid (asa), yeast elicitor, and bacterial elicitor] were used to improve the productivity of useful metabolite in p. ginseng hairy root cultures. in sa elicitation, total ginseng saponin content increased slightly at lower elicitor dosages (0.1 to 0.5 ...	2005	15930588
qtls controlling the production of transgenic and adventitious roots in brassica oleracea following treatment with agrobacterium rhizogenes.	brassica oleracea can be genetically engineered using agrobacterium rhizogenes. the initial stage of this process is the production of transgenic ('hairy') roots; shoots are subsequently regenerated from these roots. previous work using gus and gfp reporter genes has shown that genotypes of b. oleracea vary in their performance for transgenic root production. quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling this trait have been located in one mapping population. the current study provides evidence tha ...	2005	15942754
[induction of hairy roots of pueraria phaseoloides and its culture in liquid and solid medium].	an efficient transformation system for genetic transformation of medicinal plant, pueraria phaseoloides, which contains puerarin and daidzein with hypothermic, spasmolytic, hypotensive and anti-arrhythmic activities, by using agropine-type agrobacterium rhizogenes atcc 15834 was developed. hairy roots could be obtained directly from the cut edges of petioles of leaf explants of p. phaseoloides or via callus 20 days after inoculation with agrobacterium. the percentage of rooted leaf explants 35 d ...	2003	15969012
[induction and culture of hairy boots in phytolacca esculenta and its saponin production].	hairy roots appeared in vitro 20 days after inoculation of phytolacca esculenta leaf explants with the strain of agrobacterium rhizogenes r1601. the frequency of leaf explants transformed by r1601 was up to 70%. hairy roots can be incited directly from the veins of explants or via callus. hairy roots induced by r1601 grew rapidly on medium ms without hormone and were 85.6% higher in respiration rate than control roots. transformation was confirmed by opine detection and the amplification of rol ...	2003	15969035
[induction of hairy roots of panax ginseng and studies on suitable culture condition of ginseng hairy roots].	ginseng is a valuable medicinal plant with ginsenosides as its mian effective components. because ginseng is a perennial plant and has a very strict demand for soil conditions, the way of cultivating ginseng by cutting woods is still used in china at present and thus forest resources has been extremely destroyed. increasing attention has been paid to the hairy roots induced by the infection of agrobacterium rhizogenes in the production of plant secondary metabolic products for the hairy roots ar ...	2004	15969111
[establishment of saussurea involucrata hairy roots culture and plantlet regeneration].	hairy root clones of saussurea involucrata transformed with agrobacterium rhizogenes strains r1601, r1000, and lba9402 were established to investigate the flavonoid production. opine synthesis and pcr analysis confirmed the integration of the t-dna fragment of ri plasmid from a. rhizogenes strain r1601 into the transformed root genome. the frequency of hairy root formation from root segments, which were pre-cultured 2 days in n6 solid medium without plant growth regulators, amounted to 100% foll ...	2004	15971607
single genes from agrobacterium rhizogenes influence plant development.	the combined expression of the rol a, b, and c loci of agrobacterium rhizogenes ri-plasmids establishes, in transgenic tobacco plants, a pathological state called hairy-root syndrome. however, when expressed separately they provoke distinct developmental abnormalities characteristic for each rol gene. moreover, changes in their mode of expression obtained by replacing the promoters of the rol b and c genes with the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter elicit new and distinct developmental patte ...	1988	15977331
codon usage comparison of novel genes in clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae.	a similarity statistic for codon usage was developed and used to compare novel gene sequences found in clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae with a reference set of 80 prokaryotic, eukaryotic and viral genomes. these analyses were performed to obtain an indication as to whether individual genes were haemophilus-like in nature, or if they probably had more recently entered the h.influenzae gene pool via horizontal gene transfer from other species. the average and sd values were calculated f ...	2005	15983137
ectopic expression of the mycorrhiza-specific chitinase gene mtchit 3-3 in medicago truncatula root-organ cultures stimulates spore germination of glomalean fungi.	expression of mtchit 3-3, a class iii chitinase gene, is specifically induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi in roots of the model legume medicago truncatula and its transcripts accumulate in cells containing arbuscules. agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed roots and root-organ cultures of m. truncatula were used to study effects of mtchit 3-3 on am fungi. * this work provides evidence for enzymatic activity of the mtchit 3-3 gene product and shows with promoter:gus fusions that a 2 kb fra ...	2005	15998406
formation of organelle-like n2-fixing symbiosomes in legume root nodules is controlled by dmi2.	in most legume nodules, the n2-fixing rhizobia are present as organelle-like structures inside their host cells. these structures, named symbiosomes, contain one or a few rhizobia surrounded by a plant membrane. symbiosome formation requires the release of bacteria from cell-wall-bound infection threads. in primitive legumes, rhizobia are hosted in intracellular infection threads that, in contrast to symbiosomes, are bound by a cell wall. the formation of symbiosomes is presumed to represent a m ...	2005	16006515
srsymrk, a plant receptor essential for symbiosome formation.	the symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia is essential for the nitrogen input into the life cycle on our planet. new root organs, the nodules, are established, which house n2-fixing bacteria internalized into the host cell cytoplasm as horizontally acquired organelles, the symbiosomes. the interaction is initiated by bacterial invasion via epidermal root hair curling and cell division in the cortex, both triggered by bacterial nodulation factors. of the several genes involved in nodule initiati ...	2005	16006516
[production of transgenic sugarbeet plants (beta vulgaris l.) using agrobacterium rhizogenes].	normal phenotype sugarbeet plants transformed with agrobacterium rhizogenes were produced using direct regeneration from explants without hairy root phase. kanamycin resistant plants and ri-roots carrying the genes of neomycin phosphotransferase ii and b-glucuronidase have been obtained. integration of transgenes into sugarbeet genome was confirmed with gus-assay and pcr using primers for the introduced genes.	2005	16018172
tolerance of transgenic canola expressing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase to growth inhibition by nickel.	plant growth-promoting bacteria are useful to phytoremediation strategies in that they confer advantages to plants in contaminated soil. when plant growth-promoting bacteria contain the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) deaminase, the bacterial cell acts as a sink for acc, the immediate biosynthetic precursor of the plant growth regulator ethylene thereby lowering plant ethylene levels and decreasing the negative effects of various environmental stresses. in an effort to gain th ...	2005	16023358
beta-carboline and quinoline alkaloids in root cultures and intact plants of peganum harmala.	alkaloid profiles of root and shoot cultures, seedlings and mature plants were analysed by capillary glc and glc-ms. beta-carboline alkaloids, such as harmine, harmaline dominate in normal and root cultures transformed by agrobacterium rhizogenes, as well as in roots and fruits of the plant. in shoots, flowers and shoot cultures quinoline alkaloids such as peganine, deoxypeganine, vasicinone and deoxyvasicinone widely replace the beta-carboline alkaloids. in root cultures, the formation of beta- ...	2005	16042347
ex vitro composite plants: an inexpensive, rapid method for root biology.	plant transformation technology is frequently the rate-limiting step in gene function analysis in non-model plants. an important tool for root biologists is the agrobacterium rhizogenes-derived composite plant, which has made possible genetic analyses in a wide variety of transformation recalcitrant dicotyledonous plants. the novel, rapid and inexpensive ex vitro method for producing composite plants described in this report represents a significant advance over existing composite plant inductio ...	2005	16045479
enhanced secretion of tropane alkaloids in nicotiana tabacum hairy roots expressing heterologous hyoscyamine-6beta-hydroxylase.	hyoscyamine-6beta-hydroxylase (h6h; ec 1.14.11.11) catalyses oxidative reactions in the biosynthetic pathway leading from hyoscyamine to the more pharmaceutically valuable tropane alkaloid scopolamine. the h6h gene encoding h6h from hyoscyamus niger was introduced, under the control of the camv 35s promoter, into non-hyoscyamine-producing nicotiana tabacum and hyoscyamine-producing hyoscyamus muticus. the transformation was performed using a binary vector system based on agrobacterium rhizogenes ...	2005	16105856
organization and metabolism of plastids and mitochondria in arbuscular mycorrhizal roots of medicago truncatula.	colonization of root cortical cells by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi leads to marked cytological changes of plastids and mitochondria. plastids in particular are forming tubular extensions partially connecting individual organelles in a network-like way. these cytological changes correspond to an increased need for plastid and mitochondrial products during establishment and functioning of the symbiosis. the analysis of metabolite and transcript levels in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots from ...	2005	16126866
overexpression of arabidopsis phytochelatin synthase in tobacco plants enhances cd(2+) tolerance and accumulation but not translocation to the shoot.	phytochelatins (pcs) are metal binding peptides involved in heavy metal detoxification. to assess whether enhanced phytochelatin synthesis would increase heavy metal tolerance and accumulation in plants, we overexpressed the arabidopsis phytochelatin synthase gene (atpcs1) in the non-accumulator plant nicotiana tabacum. wild-type plants and plants harbouring the agrobacterium rhizogenes rolb oncogene were transformed with a 35s atpcs1 construct. root cultures from rolb plants could be easily est ...	2006	16133212
the agrobacterium rhizogenes rolc-gene-induced somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis in panax ginseng transformed calluses.	expression of the agrobacterium rhizogenes rolc gene in panax ginseng callus cells results in formation of tumors that are capable to form roots. the selection of non-root forming tumor clusters yielded the embryogenic 2c3 callus line, which formed somatic embryos and shoots independently of external growth factors. although the 2c3 somatic embryos developed through a typical embryogenesis process, they terminated prematurely and repeatedly formed adventitious shoot meristems and embryo-like str ...	2006	16136334
biogenesis, architecture, and function of bacterial type iv secretion systems.	type iv secretion (t4s) systems are ancestrally related to bacterial conjugation machines. these systems assemble as a translocation channel, and often also as a surface filament or protein adhesin, at the envelopes of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. these organelles mediate the transfer of dna and protein substrates to phylogenetically diverse prokaryotic and eukaryotic target cells. many basic features of t4s are known, including structures of machine subunits, steps of machine assem ...	2005	16153176
hairy root cultures of gynostemma pentaphyllum (thunb.) makino: a promising approach for the production of gypenosides as an alternative of ginseng saponins.	hairy root cultures of gynostemma pentaphyllum were established by infecting leaf discs with agrobacterium rhizogenes. the dry biomass of hairy roots grown in ms medium for 49 days was 7.3 g l(-1) with a gypenoside content of 38 mg g(-1) dry wt.	2005	16158258
amplified fragment length polymorphism and metabolomic profiles of hairy roots of psoralea corylifolia l.	a reproducible protocol for establishment of hairy root cultures of psoralea corylifolia l. was developed using agrobacterium rhizogenes strain atcc 15834. the hairy root clones exhibited typical sigmoid growth curves. genomic and metabolomic profiles of hairy root clones along with that of untransformed control were analysed. hairy root clones, ps i and ps ii, showed significant differences in their amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) profiles as compared to that of control, besides e ...	2005	16169025
rna interference identifies a calcium-dependent protein kinase involved in medicago truncatula root development.	changes in cellular or subcellular ca2+ concentrations play essential roles in plant development and in the responses of plants to their environment. however, the mechanisms through which ca2+ acts, the downstream signaling components, as well as the relationships among the various ca2+-dependent processes remain largely unknown. using an rna interference-based screen for gene function in medicago truncatula, we identified a gene that is involved in root development. silencing ca2+-dependent pro ...	2005	16199614
suppression of allene oxide cyclase in hairy roots of medicago truncatula reduces jasmonate levels and the degree of mycorrhization with glomus intraradices.	during the symbiotic interaction between medicago truncatula and the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus glomus intraradices, an endogenous increase in jasmonic acid (ja) occurs. two full-length cdnas coding for the ja-biosynthetic enzyme allene oxide cyclase (aoc) from m. truncatula, designated as mtaoc1 and mtaoc2, were cloned and characterized. the aoc protein was localized in plastids and found to occur constitutively in all vascular tissues of m. truncatula. in leaves and roots, mtaocs are e ...	2005	16244141
plant-derived transfer dnas.	the transfer of dna from agrobacterium to plant cell nuclei is initiated by a cleavage reaction within the 25-bp right border of ti plasmids. in an effort to develop all-native dna transformation vectors, 50 putative right border alternatives were identified in both plant expressed sequence tags and genomic dna. efficacy tests in a tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) model system demonstrated that 14 of these elements displayed at least 50% of the activity of conventional agrobacterium transfer dna bord ...	2005	16244143
green fluorescent protein as an efficient selection marker for agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated carrot transformation.	agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation combined with a visual selection for green fluorescent protein (gfp) has been applied effectively in carrot (daucus carota l.) transformation. carrot root discs were inoculated with a4, a4t, lba1334 and lba9402 strains, all bearing gfp gene in pbin-m-gfp5-er. the results indicate that transformed adventitious roots can be visually selected solely based on gfp fluorescence with a very high accuracy. the method requires no selection agents like anti ...	2006	16247612
[hairy root induced by wild-type agrobacterium rhizogenes k599 in soybean, cucumber and garden balsam in vivo].	the plantlets of soybean, cucumber and garden balsam were inoculated by wild-type agrobacterium rhizogenes k599, and hairy root was induced on inoculated sites in vivo. the frequencies of hairy root induction from wound cotyledons of soybean, cucumber and garden balsam were 100%, 65% and 91%, respectively. moreover, hairy root was induced from healthy cucumber axillary bud with frequency of 10%. pcr analysis of hairy root dna was conducted using the primers from rolc gene. the pcr results showed ...	2005	16257909
terpenoid indole alkaloid production by catharanthus roseus hairy roots induced by agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring rol abc genes.	we have established catharanthus roseus hairy root cultures transgenic for the rol abc genes from t(l)-dna of the agropine-type agrobacterium rhizogenes strain a4. the rol abc hairy root lines exhibit a wild-type hairy root syndrome in terms of growth and morphology on solid medium. however, they differ from wild-type hairy root lines in that they more frequently have excellent adaptability to liquid medium and do not appear to form calli during cultivation. moreover, they do not produce detecta ...	2006	16261632
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi elicit a novel intracellular apparatus in medicago truncatula root epidermal cells before infection.	the penetration of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi through the outermost root tissues of the host plant is a critical step in root colonization, ultimately leading to the establishment of this ecologically important endosymbiotic association. to evaluate the role played by the host plant during am infection, we have studied in vivo cellular dynamics within medicago truncatula root epidermal cells using green fluorescent protein labeling of both the plant cytoskeleton and the endoplasmic reticu ...	2005	16284314
transgenic proteoid roots of white lupin: a vehicle for characterizing and silencing root genes involved in adaptation to p stress.	white lupin (lupinus albus l.) has become an illuminating model for the study of plant adaptation to phosphorus (p) deficiency. it adapts to -p stress with a highly coordinated modification of root development and biochemistry resulting in short, densely clustered secondary roots called proteoid (or cluster) roots. in order to characterize genes involved in proteoid root formation and function in a homologous system, we have developed an agrobacterium rhizogenes-based transformation system for w ...	2005	16297074
induction of thioredoxin is required for nodule development to reduce reactive oxygen species levels in soybean roots.	nodules are formed on legume roots as a result of signaling between symbiotic partners and in response to the activities of numerous genes. we cloned fragments of differentially expressed genes in spot-inoculated soybean (glycine max) roots. many of the induced clones were similar to known genes related to oxidative stress, such as thioredoxin and beta-carotene hydroxylase. the deduced amino acid sequences of full-length soybean cdnas for thioredoxin and beta-carotene hydroxylase were similar to ...	2005	16299179
characterization of lucidin formation in rubia tinctorum l.	in order to approach lucidin formation (a strong mutagen or a carcinogen) from a physiological standpoint, hairy roots of rubia tinctorum l. were established by a transformation of agrobacterium rhizogenes strain 15834 and cultured in a liquid woody plant medium without plant hormones. the anthraquinone pigment composition of the intact hairy roots was essentially the same as that of the intact non-transformed (normal) roots, in which lucidin o-beta-d-primeveroside (lup) was one of the major pig ...	2005	16310368
analysis of mycorrhizal associations formed by cistus incanus transformed root clones with terfezia boudieri isolates.	one clone (m-2), out of several agrobacterium rhizogenes transformed root clones of cistus incanus, formed ecto- or endomycorrhiza in vitro with two isolates of terfezia boudieri collected in israel. all other clone-fungal isolate combinations formed ectomycorrhiza. the endomycorrhiza-forming isolate secreted smaller amounts of auxin than an ectomycorrhiza-forming isolate. addition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) led to ectomycorrhiza formation by the m-2 clone on low p medium. endomyc ...	2006	16322996
stable transformation and direct regeneration in coffea canephora p ex. fr. by agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation without hairy-root phenotype.	a system for genetic transformation of coffea canephora by co-cultivation with agrobacterium rhizogenes harbouring a binary vector has been developed. the objective of the present study was the genetic transformation and direct regeneration of transformants through secondary embryos bypassing an intervening hairy root stage. transformants were obtained with a transformation efficiency up to 3% depending on the medium adjuvant used. a. rhizogenes strain a4 harbouring plasmid pcambia 1301 with an ...	2006	16331458
rapid and specific identification of four agrobacterium species and biovars using multiplex pcr.	on the basis of 23s rrna gene sequences, 1 universal forward and 4 taxon (species/biovar)-specific reverse primers were designed for multiplex pcr to aid in identification and differentiation of agrobacterium rubi, agrobacterium vitis and agrobacterium biovars 1 and 2. in reactions with dna of 119 bacterial strains belonging to: agrobacterium, allorhizobium, mesorhizobium, rhizobium, sinorhizobium and phyllobacterium, as well as phytopathogenic bacteria representing various genera, the primers d ...	2006	16343837
degradation of the herbicide glyphosate by members of the family rhizobiaceae.	several strains of the family rhizobiaceae were tested for their ability to degrade the phosphonate herbicide glyphosate (isopropylamine salt of n-phosphonomethylglycine). all organisms tested (seven rhizobium meliloti strains, rhizobium leguminosarum, rhizobium galega, rhizobium trifolii, agrobacterium rhizogenes, and agrobacterium tumefaciens) were able to grow on glyphosate as the sole source of phosphorus in the presence of the aromatic amino acids, although growth on glyphosate was not as f ...	1991	16348512
transcript analysis of early nodulation events in medicago truncatula.	within the first 72 h of the interaction between rhizobia and their host plants, nodule primordium induction and infection occur. we predicted that transcription profiling of early stages of the symbiosis between medicago truncatula roots and sinorhizobium meliloti would identify regulated plant genes that likely condition key events in nodule initiation. therefore, using a microarray with about 6,000 cdnas, we compared transcripts from inoculated and uninoculated roots corresponding to defined ...	2006	16377745
transgenic plants regenerated from hairy roots of nicotiana benthamiana: a promising host for transient expression of foreign proteins.	hairy root cultures of nicotiana benthamiana have been obtained by co-cultivation of leaf explants with agrobacterium rhizogenes strain a4 harboring a binary vector plasmid, and transgenic nature of the obtained cultures was confirmed by pcr analysis. transgenic plants were regenerated from hairy roots. the biomass yield of transgenic plants grown in vitro was almost two-fold higher than those of wild-type n. benthamiana plants. they differed from untransformed plants by short internodes, reinfo ...	2005	16396315
genista tinctoria hairy root cultures for selective production of isoliquiritigenin.	hairy root cultures were established after inoculation of genista tinctoria in vitro shoots with agrobacterium rhizogenes, strain atcc 15834. in transformed roots of g. tinctoria grown in schenk-hildebrandt medium without growth regulators the biosynthesis of isoflavones, derivatives of genistein and daidzein, and flavones, derivatives of luteolin and apigenin, characteristic for the intact plant, was completely inhibited. the only compound synthesized in g. tinctoria hairy roots was isoliquirit ...	2005	16402547
a nucleoporin is required for induction of ca2+ spiking in legume nodule development and essential for rhizobial and fungal symbiosis.	nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning and traffic between cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments are fundamental processes in eukaryotic cells. nuclear pore complexes mediate transport of proteins, rnas and ribonucleoprotein particles in and out of the nucleus. here we present positional cloning of a plant nucleoporin gene, nup133, essential for a symbiotic signal transduction pathway shared by rhizobium bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi. mutation of nup133 results in a temperature sensitive nodulation de ...	2006	16407163
overexpression of the saussurea medusa chalcone isomerase gene in s. involucrata hairy root cultures enhances their biosynthesis of apigenin.	saussurea involucrata is a medicinal plant well known for its flavonoids, including apigenin, which has been shown to significantly inhibit tumorigenesis. since naturally occurring apigenin is in very low abundance, we took a transgenic approach to increase apigenin production by engineering the flavonoid pathway. a construct was made to contain the complete cdna sequence of the saussurea medusa chalcone isomerase (chi) gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. ...	2006	16427667
development of a kinetic metabolic model: application to catharanthus roseus hairy root.	a kinetic metabolic model describing catharanthus roseus hairy root growth and nutrition was developed. the metabolic network includes glycolysis, pentose-phosphate pathway, tca cycle and the catabolic reactions leading to cell building blocks such as amino acids, organic acids, organic phosphates, lipids and structural hexoses. the central primary metabolic network was taken at pseudo-steady state and metabolic flux analysis technique allowed reducing from 31 metabolic fluxes to 20 independent ...	2006	16453114
isolation and identification of tl-dna/plant junctions in convolvulus arvensis transformed by agrobacterium rhizogenes strain a4.	we have constructed a charon 4a phage library containing insert dna isolated from a morning glory (convolvulus arvensis) plant (clone 7) regenerated from a root organ culture incited by agrobacterium rhizogenes, strain a4. using a subcloned region of the ri plasmid as p-labeled probe, two lambda clones containing most of the 'left' t-dna (tl) region were isolated. one of these lambda clones contains the left tl-dna/plant junction, which was located by comparing nucleotide sequences from the appr ...	1985	16453649
localization of agrobacterium rhizogenes t-dna in plant chromosomes by in situ hybridization.	we have used in situ hybridization to determine the sites of insertion of agrobacterium rhizogenes ri t-dna in the chromosomes of crepis capillaris (2n = 6) transformed roots. four transformed root lines were obtained by infecting crepis stem segments with a. rhizogenes. southern hybridization analysis indicated that each root line was the result of one or more independent t-dna insertion events. in two root lines, one copy of t-dna was present; the other two root lines each contained two copies ...	1986	16453703
independent and synergistic activity of rol a, b and c loci in stimulating abnormal growth in plants.	the ri plasmid a4 of agrobacterium rhizogenes contains within its t-dna genetic information able to trigger root formation in infected plants. tobacco plants regenerated from transformed roots display the hairy root (hr) syndrome. we show that dna fragments containing the rol b locus alone are able to induce root formation both in tobacco and kalanchoe tissues. the rol a and the rol c loci by themselves are also able to induce root formation in tobacco but not in kalanchoe. this capacity to indu ...	1987	16453816
the coexistence of symbiosis and pathogenicity-determining genes in rhizobium rhizogenes strains enables them to induce nodules and tumors or hairy roots in plants.	bacteria belonging to the family rhizobiaceae may establish beneficial or harmful relationships with plants. the legume endosymbionts contain nod and nif genes responsible for nodule formation and nitrogen fixation, respectively, whereas the pathogenic strains carry vir genes responsible for the formation of tumors or hairy roots. the symbiotic and pathogenic strains currently belong to different species of the genus rhizobium and, until now, no strains able to establish symbiosis with legumes a ...	2005	16478052
recruitment of novel calcium-binding proteins for root nodule symbiosis in medicago truncatula.	legume rhizobia symbiotic nitrogen (n2) fixation plays a critical role in sustainable nitrogen management in agriculture and in the earth's nitrogen cycle. signaling between rhizobia and legumes initiates development of a unique plant organ, the root nodule, where bacteria undergo endocytosis and become surrounded by a plant membrane to form a symbiosome. between this membrane and the encased bacteria exists a matrix-filled space (the symbiosome space) that is thought to contain a mixture of pla ...	2006	16543412
[effects of light and plant growth regulators on growth of normal and hairy root of lycium barbarum in vitro].	to study effects of the cycle of light and exogenous plant growth regulators on growth of normal root and hairy root of lycium barbarum and establish a long-term system of in vitro culture of l. barbarum roots.	2006	16570792
[hairy root induction and plant regeneration of crownvetch (coronilla varia l.) transformed by agrobacterium rhizogenes].	an efficient system of genetic transformation and plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis was established in crownvetch (coronilla varia l.) by infecting the segments of cotyledons and hypocotyls of 15d-old seedlings with agrobacterium rhizogenes strain 15834. hairy roots were produced directly from the wounded surface of the explants or via calluses on hormone-free murashige and skoog (ms) medium after infection by a. rhizogenes. transformed roots grew rapidly either on solid or liquid ms ...	2006	16572849
[studies on chemical constituents of hairy root of cassia obtusifolia].	to study the chemical constituents in hairy roots of cassia obtusifolia.	2006	16573002
transgenic medicago truncatula plants obtained from agrobacterium tumefaciens -transformed roots and agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed hairy roots.	medicago truncatula, barrel medic, is a forage crop that has been developed into a model legume. the development of new transformation methods is important for functional genomic studies in this species. based on agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of root explants, we developed an effective system for producing m. truncatula (genotype r108) transgenic plants. among the four a. tumefaciens strains (agl1, c58c1, eha105 and lba4404) tested, eha105 and agl1 were most effective in rege ...	2006	16575594
thymol derivatives from hairy roots of arnica montana.	five known thymol derivatives were isolated from roots of arnica montana transformed with agrobacterium rhizogenes lba 9402. the compounds were characterized by spectral methods. the pattern of thymol derivatives in light-grown hairy roots was slightly different from that in dark-grown ones. this is the first report on the presence of thymol derivatives in hairy roots of the plant.	2006	16586074
tumor induction by agrobacterium rhizogenes involves the transfer of plasmid dna to the plant genome.	the dna from tumors of nicotiana glauca initiated by strains of agrobacterium rhizogenes was shown to contain sequences that are homologous to the root-inducing (ri) plasmid of the bacterium. two independently established tumor lines contained a similar portion of the ri-plasmid. the ri-plasmid also hybridized to dna fragments from uninfected n. glauca. a cosmid clone of the ri-plasmid encompassing the region containing the ri-plasmid sequences that are stably transferred to the plant also hybri ...	1982	16593190
complementation of agrobacterium tumefaciens tumor-inducing aux mutants by genes from the t(r)-region of the ri plasmid of agrobacterium rhizogenes.	in this paper we provide information indicating that the agropine-type root-inducing (ri) plasmid pri1855 of agrobacterium rhizogenes contains functional genes for auxin production (aux) in the right transferred dna (t-dna) region (t(r)-region). these genes were cloned and introduced into the t-region of the tumor-inducing (ti) plasmids of mutants of agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying an aux mutation. depending on the ri aux gene present, the oncogenicity of the ti aux-1 and/or aux-2 mutations w ...	1986	16593762
expression of a complete soybean leghemoglobin gene in root nodules of transgenic lotus corniculatus.	the complete soybean leghemoglobin lbc(3) gene was transferred into the legume lotus corniculatus using an agrobacterium rhizogenes vector system. organ-specific expression of the soybean gene was observed in root nodules formed on regenerated transgenic plants after infection with rhizobium loti. the primary transcript was processed in the same way as in soybean nodules and the resulting mrna was translated into lbc(3) protein. quantitative determination of the lbc(3) protein in nodules of tran ...	1987	16593870
hairy roots are more sensitive to auxin than normal roots.	responses to auxin of lotus corniculatus root tips or protoplasts transformed by agrobacterium rhizogenes strains 15834 and 8196 were compared to those of their normal counterparts. three different types of experiments were performed, involving long-term, medium-term, or short-term responses to a synthetic auxin, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. root tip elongation, proton excretion by root tips, and transmembrane electrical potential difference of root protoplasts were measured as a function of exogen ...	1988	16593928
efficient production of agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed roots and composite plants for studying gene expression in coffee roots.	the possibility of rapid validation and functional analysis of nematode resistance genes is a common objective for numerous species and particularly for woody species. in this aim, we developed an agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation protocol for coffea arabica enabling efficient and rapid regeneration of transformed roots from the hypocotyls of germinated zygotic embryos, and the subsequent production of composite plants. the a. rhizogenes strain a4rs proved to be the most virulent. ...	2006	16596429